369:. About 0.6 square kilometres (0.23 sq mi) in area, the island has a domed shape, and some sources suggest a current height of its highest peak, Mont Favard, of 242 metres (794 ft), but others are higher. It was first surveyed by the British between 1853 to 1856 at 974 ft (297 m) 297 metres (974 ft) high which is still given in a recent English source.. There has been volcanic activity since 1856 and before 1982 French aviation photographic studies were interpreted to give an approximate height of 260 m (850 ft). Other French sources are slightly higher. It is composed of
55:
426:
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became established and the southernmost propagating tip of the
Central Spreading Ridge backarc-spreading centre in the North Fiji Basin over the last 2 million years has rifted westward splitting the Hunter Ridge into two halves. New young subduction of the South Fiji Basin has created what has been
493:
rising from craters in the south-east. West
Matthew formed in the late 1940s and may have had eruptions as recent as 1976. It is a roughly circular, 177 m (581 ft) high cone with a serrated peak and is composed almost entirely of lava flows and slag. It contains a crater that is breached to
507:
2. Another VEI 2 eruption from West
Matthew took place in October 1954, while a very small (VEI 0) fissure eruption occurred in approximately 1956. This marks the latest confirmed activity on Matthew Island, although tremors took place near the island in 2008, 2009 and 2011. Uncertainty surrounds a
396:
activity continues in the north of the island, as well as on the northeast and southeast coasts. Two small eruptions took place in the mid-1800s. In 1835, a lava flow erupted and on 15 March 1841, an explosive eruption took place. In 1895, lava was seen flowing from two craters on the east side of
297:
Small, arid, without fresh water and not easily accessible, the islands had no interest for
Britain or France during their colonisation of the Pacific in the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. France officially annexed both islands in 1929. In 1965, the
502:
All known historical eruptions have come from West
Matthew. After a highly seismically active period in the 1940s, construction of West Matthew began as submarine eruptions built up a new island. The new cone then emitted lava flows. The eruption was a
590:
called the
Matthew and Hunter subduction zone. The various processes have resulted in unusually complex volcanic composition of the island's recent eruptives, as well as the continued seismicity assigned to the area as the south western part of the
441:) is also known as Umaenupne island in the indigenous language of Aneityum island in southern Vanuatu, the closest inhabited island. It is 0.7 square kilometres (0.27 sq mi) in area, 177-metre (581 ft) located at
1128:
Lili Song, Morsen Mosses & Geraldine
Giraudeau (2023): The Ambiguous History of Matthew and Hunter Islands: Tracing the Roots of Vanuatu and French Claims, The Journal of Pacific History, DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2022.2146577
1124:
Song, Lily & Mosses, Morsen: "Revisiting Ocean
Boundary Disputes in the South Pacific in Light of the South China Sea Arbitration: A Legal Perspective", The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33 (2018): 768 -
472:. The volcanic island is composed of two andesitic-to-dactic volcanic cones, East Matthew and West Matthew, separated by a rocky 200-metre-wide isthmus. The island was discovered by Captain Thomas Gilbert, of
478:, on 27 May 1788, who named it after the owner of his ship. At the time of the discovery, only East Matthew existed and it was described as having only one peak prior to the Second World War.
377:. A cone makes up the south part of the island, with its central crater filled by a lava dome. A 100 m (330 ft)-deep crater is located on the north-west side of the island.
330:) is also known as "Fern or Fearn Island", or "Leka" in the local language of Futuna island in southern Vanuatu. The first recorded European sighting of the island was by
817:
306:. France conducted a symbolic occupation in 1975. In 1980, on its independence, Vanuatu claimed sovereignty, but made no occupation of the islands. In 1979,
955:"Magmagenesis within the Hunter Ridge Rift Zone resolved from olivine-hosted melt inclusions and geochemical modelling with insights from geodynamic models"
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619:
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under the North Fiji Basin. From about 3 million years ago the current triple junction between the New
Hebrides Plate, Australian Plate and the
1218:
845:
Maillet, P.; Monzier, M.; Lefevre, C. (1986). "Petrology of
Matthew and Hunter volcanoes, south New Hebrides island arc (southwest Pacific)".
1213:
1158:
Borsa, P.; Baudat–Franceschi, J. (2023). "The marine avifauna of Matthew and Hunter Islands,two remote volcanoes of the New Hebrides chain".
106:
17:
692:
1005:
McCarthy, A; Falloon, TJ; Danyushevsky, LV; Sauermilch, I; Patriat, M; Jean, MM; Maas, R; Woodhead, JD; Yogodzinski, GM (15 July 2022).
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The islands are prone to earthquakes, as they are situated near the southern arc of the South New Hebrides Trench, where the minor
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part of the New Hebrides Plate and this ridge was initially formed from about 7 to 3 million years ago, when the opening of the
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the island. A small (VEI 0) fissure eruption took place in 1903, on the northern side of the island, and produced lava.
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with a half-destroyed, 142 m (466 ft) high composite volcanic cone that is thought to be composed of three
278:
archipelago. Hunter Island and Matthew Island, 70 km (43 mi) apart, are claimed by Vanuatu as part of
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1007:"Implications of high-Mg# adakitic magmatism at Hunter Ridge for arc magmatism of the Fiji-Vanuatu region"
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the northwest. A lava flow from West Matthew makes up the northwest coast of the island.
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report of an eruption in 1828, as well as reports of eruptions in 1966 and 1976.
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769:"Volcanisme et pétrologie des îles Matthew et Hunter: données préliminaires"
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Vanuatu and New Caledonia, Matthew and Hunter Islands on the bottom right.
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in 1798. It lies about 70 km (43 mi) east of Matthew Island at
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1151:"Parc naturel de la mer de Corail: îles Éloignées: guide floristique"
1004:
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Durance, PM; Jadamec, MA; Falloon, TJ; Nicholls, IA (1 August 2012).
803:"Parc naturel de la mer de Corail: îles Éloignées: guide floristique"
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489:. There is still some volcanic activity on the island with sulphuric
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set up an automatic weather station on one of the islands, and the
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in the South Pacific, located 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of
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Mont Favard on Hunter Island at more than 240 m (790 ft)
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in a north–south direction, allowed northward subduction of the
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part of their custom ownership, and as of 2007 were claimed by
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Contribution à l'étude géodynamique du sud-ouest Pacifique
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quake was centered in the vicinity of Matthew and Hunter.
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East Matthew is the older part of the island, formed from
373:– dacitic lavas and numerous explosion craters dot the
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Both Matthew Island and Hunter Island are within the
818:"Internet Eccentrics on Expedition To Hunter Island"
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380:Hunter Island has been symbolically claimed by a
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1138:Wolfgang Schippke: ĂŽle Metthew & ĂŽle Hunter
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417:, with some 100–200 pairs estimated in 2007.
413:because it supports a breeding population of
302:also claimed the two islands, as part of the
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524:because it supports breeding populations of
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620:Fiji–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement
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1153:. Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.
805:. Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.
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1063:, Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Pr., 1991
933:"M 7.7 - southeast of Loyalty Islands"
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384:, the Federal Republic of Lostisland.
1219:Important Bird Areas of New Caledonia
516:The island has been recognised as an
405:The island has been recognised as an
1214:Uninhabited islands of New Caledonia
1075:The discovery of the Pacific Islands
959:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
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680:The discovery of the Pacific Islands
1011:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
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282:, and considered by the people of
149:1.3 km (0.50 sq mi)
25:
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767:Maillet, P.; Monzier, M. (1982).
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1160:Arxius de Miscel·là nia Zoològica
682:, Oxford University Press, p.181
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1239:Territorial disputes of Vanuatu
1149:Butaud, J.F.; Jacq, F. (2015).
1061:Who's who in Pacific navigation
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937:United States Geological Survey
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801:Butaud, J.F.; Jacq, F. (2015).
314:regularly visits both of them.
1229:Uninhabited islands of Vanuatu
1204:Territorial disputes of France
1199:Volcanoes of the Pacific Ocean
913:. BirdLife International. 2021
887:. BirdLife International. 2021
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266:are two small and uninhabited
32:Hunter Island (disambiguation)
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18:Hunter Island (South Pacific)
979:10.1080/08120099.2012.682096
867:10.1016/0377-0273(86)90065-X
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1189:Disputed islands of Oceania
1144:(English, but much shorter)
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1032:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117592
847:J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res
552:. In February 2021, a 7.7
429:Matthew Island aerial view
40:Matthew and Hunter Islands
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1172:10.32800/amz.2023.21.0067
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1209:Borders of New Caledonia
1107:"Matthew Island Volcano"
1087:Global Volcanism Program
782:. ORSTOM Nouméa: 187–215
746:Global Volcanism Program
27:Islands of New Caledonia
1092:Smithsonian Institution
1023:2022E&PSL.59017592M
751:Smithsonian Institution
388:Eruptions Hunter Island
678:Sharp, Andrew (1962),
522:BirdLife International
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415:red-tailed tropicbirds
411:BirdLife International
334:from his trading ship
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650:"Small Islands Voice"
583:Indo-Australian Plate
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1234:Volcanoes of Vanuatu
592:Hunter Fracture Zone
332:Captain Thomas Fearn
30:For other uses, see
1042:20.500.11850/553552
971:2012AuJES..59..913D
939:. 10 February 2021.
859:1986JVGR...30....1M
660:on 14 February 2017
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822:Vanuatu Daily Post
542:New Hebrides Plate
460:22.350°S 171.350°E
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357:22.400°S 172.083°E
274:and south-east of
154:Highest point
122:22.367°S 171.717°E
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587:Conway Reef Plate
581:part of the then
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716:. UCSanDiego
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658:the original
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571:Hunter Ridge
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1116:28 December
917:16 February
891:16 February
853:(1): 1–27.
827:13 December
664:28 December
463: /
439:île Matthew
382:micronation
360: /
312:French Navy
290:as part of
125: /
101:Coordinates
73:île Matthew
69:Other names
1183:Categories
636:References
536:Seismicity
487:lava flows
394:solfataric
328:île Hunter
250:Population
186:Claimed by
81:île Hunter
1166:: 67–89.
565:Tectonics
546:subducted
520:(IBA) by
498:Eruptions
491:fumaroles
475:Charlotte
409:(IBA) by
96:Geography
77:Umaenupne
1140:(German)
987:67848457
786:7 August
720:7 August
698:7 August
598:See also
451:171°21′E
371:andesite
284:Aneityum
235:Province
113:171°43′E
1097:28 June
1019:Bibcode
967:Bibcode
855:Bibcode
548:by the
448:22°21′S
348:172°5′E
345:22°24′S
276:Vanuatu
228:Vanuatu
110:22°22′S
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654:UNESCO
483:basalt
435:French
336:Hunter
324:French
288:France
225:
201:France
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169:France
983:S2CID
772:(PDF)
239:Tafea
1118:2019
1099:2021
1065:ISBN
919:2021
893:2021
829:2017
788:2024
722:2024
700:2024
666:2019
528:and
262:and
146:Area
85:Leka
79:and
1168:doi
1125:798
1037:hdl
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1015:590
975:doi
863:doi
780:147
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505:VEI
1185::
1164:21
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995:^
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668:.
557:w
555:M
253:0
141:2
34:.
20:)
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