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473:" Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."'
349:(23–24 June 1314), Humphrey de Bohun should have been given command of the army because that was his responsibility as Constable of England. However, since the execution of Piers Gaveston in 1312, Humphrey had been out of favour with Edward II, who gave the Constableship for the 1314 campaign to the youthful and inexperienced Earl of Gloucester,
435:) led Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. Bohun had a special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity and he felt they had besmirched his honour. In 1316 Bohun had been ordered to lead the suppression of the revolt of
275:). Humphrey held the title of Bearer of the Swan Badge, a heraldic device passed down in the Bohun family. This device did not appear on their coat of arms, (az, a bend ar cotised or, between 6 lioncels or) nor their crest (gu, doubled erm, a lion gardant crowned), but it does appear on Humphrey's personal seal (
768:
See Conway-Davies, 115, footnote 2, from a contemporary chronicler's account of
Humphrey de Bohun, Cotton MS. Nero C. iii, f. 181, "De ce qe vous auez entendu qe le counte de Hereford est moreis pensifs qil ne soleit." "There were some. . . qualities about the earl of Hereford, and he was certainly
508:
Until the earl's death the boys of the family, and possibly the girls, were given a classical education under the tutelage of a
Sicilian Greek, Master "Digines" (Diogenes), who may have been Humphrey de Bohun's boyhood tutor. He was evidently well educated, a book collector and scholar, interests his
322:
Rebelling and taking the crown of
Scotland in February 1306, Bruce was fighting a war against England which went poorly for him at first, and he was forced into hiding. By 1307, the war had begun to turn in his favour. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated and three of his brothers
326:
Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether
Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's defeats,
310:
during the early campaigns in
Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, he eventually submitted to English allegiance. Robert Bruce is closely connected to the Bohuns. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce
302:
and other young barons and knights. On return, all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that
Gaveston's friend, the future Edward II, had given them permission to depart. Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents.
573:, but they had no children. He served in his ailing elder brother's stead as Constable of England. He was a close friend of young Edward III, and died a heroic death attempting to rescue a drowning man-at-arms from a Scottish river while on campaign.
368:
On the second day, Gloucester was killed at the start of the battle. Hereford fought throughout the day, leading a large company of Welsh and
English knights and archers. The archers who might have had success at breaking up the Scots
356:
Nevertheless, on the first day, Bohun insisted on being one of the first to lead the cavalry charge. In the melee and cavalry rout between the
Bannock Burn and the Scots' camp, he was not injured although his rash young cousin
395:
Humphrey de Bohun was ransomed by Edward II, his brother-in-law, on the pleading of Edward's wife
Isabella. This was one of the most interesting ransoms in English history. The Earl was traded for Bruce's queen,
40:
795:, vol. 1, 2nd ed., (2011): p. 306 (author states, "ii. HUMPHREY DE BOHUN, 1st son, born shortly before 30 Oct. 1303. He died by the end of Oct. 1304, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.").
478:
Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from
330:
Lochmaben was retaken by the Scots in 1312 and remained in
Scottish hands until 1333 when it was once more seized by the English. It remained in the hands of Humphrey's son
1157:
586:
Isabel de Bohun (b. ? May 1316). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died on that day or very soon after. Buried with her mother in Waltham Abbey, Essex.
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552:. Gave birth to about 16 to 18 children (including an archbishop, a sea commander and pirate, and more than one Knight of the Garter) and died at the age of eighty.
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782:, vol. 1, 2nd ed., (2011): p. 306 (author states, "i. MARGARET DE BOHUN, born 1302, died 7 Feb. 1304, aged 1-1/2 years, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.").
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in Glamorgan which he did successfully. When Llewelyn surrendered to him the Earl promised to intercede for him and fought to have him pardoned. Instead
408:, who had crowned Robert Bruce in 1306 and for years had been locked in a cage outside Berwick, was not included; presumably, she had died in captivity.
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had Llewelyn executed without a proper trial. Hereford and the other marcher lords used Llywelyn Bren's death as a symbol of Despenser tyranny.
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in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop.
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Eneas de Bohun, (Birth date unknown, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will). Some sources have him dying in 1331.
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Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted by
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and other baronially established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the
384:, seeking a safe haven. However, all the refugees who entered the castle were taken prisoner by its formerly pro-English governor,
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In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed for England to take part in a tournament along with
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Humphrey de Bohun's birth year is uncertain although several contemporary sources indicate that it was 1276. His father was
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Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey
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852:. (Many references, esp. 42 footnote 1, 114, 115 & footnote 2, 355–367, 426–9, 435–9, 473–525) Cambridge(UK): 1918.
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Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts, Volume 3, p. 1399:
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The Scots retook Lochmaben again in 1385. Some Bohuns remained in Scotland, where they became known as the Bounds.
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Nineteenth-century drawing of effigy of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, Hereford Cathedral
845:(Vols II, IV, V, VI, IX: Bohun, Dagworth, Essex, Hereford, Earls of, Montague), London: 1887–1896.
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The subsequent revival of royal authority and the growing ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the
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812:"Dagworth" p. 28, footnote j.: "She was younger than her sister, Margaret, Countess of Devon (
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Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwall 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II
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870:
Murray, James M. (1984). "The Easter Table Annals of Missenden Abbey: An Annotated Text".
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Edward de Bohun (About 1310–1312 –1334). Twin of William. Married Margaret, daughter of
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Agnes, (About 1313), married Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Chartley, son of
558:(About 1310–1312 –1360). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere, daughter of
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Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom
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Elizabeth had an unknown number of children, probably eleven, by Humphrey de Bohun.
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knights, declared for Bruce as soon as word came of the Scottish King's victory.
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The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327–1330
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Counter seal of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, showing the so-called "
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Humphrey took Lochmaben, and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle.
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Nobility and Kingship in Medieval England: The Earls and Edward I, 1272-1307
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vol. 1, Origins to 1399, (10–13, 186, 285–90, 296) Cambridge (Eng.): 1970.
502:, on 14 November 1302, at Westminster gained him the lands of Berkshire.
417:
979:
Jenkins, Dafydd. "Law and Government in Wales Before the Act of Union".
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The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at
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Margaret's, late wife of Edward de Bohun, Inquisition Post Mortem
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Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
780:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
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404:, two bishops among other important Scots captives in England.
361:, who could have been no older than about 22, charged alone at
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The Baronial Opposition to Edward II: Its Character and Policy
997:. (86, 105–6, 125 & footnote 3, 128–34) Manchester: 1936.
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https://books.google.com/books?id=qaK9Vz1UdDcC&q=de+bohun
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Azure, a bend argent cotised or between six lions rampant or
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A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares 1217–1314
816:. vol. iv., p. 268), not older, as stated by genealogists."
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Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 – died c. Oct. 1304).
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son Humphrey and daughter Margaret (Courtenay) inherited.
263:
Humphrey (VII) de Bohun succeeded his father in 1298 as
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Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland
921:. (443, 455) Edinburgh, London:1914, NY:1997 (reprint).
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a bold and able warrior, though gloomy and thoughtful."
995:
The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History
928:. (222, 290, 295–6, 343–4) Berkeley, Los Angeles:1965.
878:. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies: 476–486.
334:, who held and defended it until his death in 1360.
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712:
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English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
638:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
376:When the battle was lost, Bohun retreated with the
287:Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under
190:(1276 – 12 March 1322) was a member of a powerful
513:Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 – died 7 Feb. 1304).
373:were attacked and overrun by the Scots cavalry.
252:, chevalier, seigneur of Fiennes. He was born at
1114:
1010:. H. R. Luard, ed. (vol. iii, 121) London: 1890.
560:Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere
306:He would also have been associating with young
578:John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley
380:and several other barons, knights and men to
188:Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
960:Historical Studies of the English Parliament
953:Family and Dynasty in Late Medieval England,
522:(17 October 1304 – 1363), married, firstly,
1148:English military personnel killed in action
548:(3 April 1311 – 16 December 1391), married
319:in stone, making use of its natural moat.
16:13th and 14th-century Anglo-Norman nobleman
990:. (51, 62–66) East Linton (Scotland):1997.
948:. . London and Westminster. Various dates.
38:
1016:. (117–119) N. Denholm-Young, Ed. and Tr.
698:Learn how and when to remove this message
647:"Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford"
556:William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton
446:
271:, and Constable of England (later called
154:William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton
955:Shaun Tyas, Donington:2003, p. 152.
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172:Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford
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424:and fought to insure their execution.
1163:Competitors for the Crown of Scotland
976:. (64–86, 104–5, 112–3) London: 1971.
951:Eales, Richard and Shaun Tyas, eds.,
138:Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormonde
64:12 March 1322 (aged 45–46)
969:(69, 72, 95–98, 104–5) Detroit: 1988
933:Memorials of the Order of the Garter
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636:adding citations to reliable sources
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406:Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan
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150:Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon
938:Bigelow, M M. "The Bohun Wills" I.
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142:John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford
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734:, Canongate, 1988; pp. 75–76, 164.
84:First War of Scottish Independence
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993:Tout, T. F. and Hilda Johnstone.
866:(100–9, 114, 122–6), London: 2003
732:Robert the Bruce – King of Scots
550:Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon
524:James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde
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958:Fryde, E. B. and Edward Miller.
946:Dictionary of National Biography
919:The Scottish War of Independence
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571:William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros
884:Robert the Bruce: King of Scots
841:Cokayne, G. (ed. by V. Gibbs).
623:needs additional citations for
365:and was killed by Bruce's axe.
1138:Earls of Essex (1239 creation)
1067:The Earl of Hereford and Essex
1050:The Earl of Hereford and Essex
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1178:14th-century English nobility
1173:13th-century English nobility
894:. Cambridge University Press.
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542:(About 1309 to 1311 – 1361).
332:William, Earl of Northampton
311:stayed for the most part in
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890:Spencer, Andrew M. (2014).
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859:1978, p. 16, 39–40.
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857:Les Seigneurs de Bohun,
566:, by whom he had issue.
453:Battle of Boroughbridge
101:Battle of Boroughbridge
988:The Wars of the Bruces
917:Barron, Evan MacLeod.
882:Scott, Ronald McNair.
791:Richardson, Douglas.
778:Richardson, Douglas.
447:Death at Boroughbridge
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972:Hutchison, Harold F.
848:Conway-Davies, J. C.
730:Ronald McNair Scott,
599:No. 321 dated 1341–2.
530:, 1st Baron Dagworth.
492:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
486:Marriage and children
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341:Battle of Bannockburn
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1014:Vita Edwardi Secundi
942:(v.I, 1896). 415–41.
855:Le Melletier, Jean,
757:The Greatest Traitor
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498:and his first wife,
1057:Lord High Constable
910:Altschul, Michael.
536:(About 1307 – 1336)
496:Edward I of England
480:clinical depression
386:Walter fitz Gilbert
293:Caerlaverock Castle
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422:Ordinances of 1311
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905:Secondary sources
872:Mediaeval Studies
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759:, page 124.
744:Murray 1984
418:Magna Carta
1117:Categories
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658:newspapers
371:schiltrons
235:escutcheon
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