1008:
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1026:
55:
984:
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days. Large numbers can be produced by well established cacti and may open new flowers over a period of weeks. The flowers are large, around 19–24 cm (7.5–9.4 in) long with a diameter of up to 20 cm (7.9 in) and are highly fragrant. There are black hairs along the length of the thick base leading to the flower. Oblong dark green fruits are produced after fertilization, about 3 cm (1.2 in) across and 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) long, eventually bursting open to reveal a white flesh filled with small seeds.
972:
996:
936:
107:
761:
540:
522:
82:
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634:
888:. In countries where possession of mescaline and related compounds is illegal and highly penalized, cultivation for the purposes of consumption is most likely illegal and also highly penalized. This is the case in the United States, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Germany, and New Zealand, where it is currently legal to cultivate the San Pedro cactus for gardening and ornamental purposes, but not for consumption.
963:
945:
858:(and sometimes other types of cactus) seed into plastic containers, such as those many food takeaways are delivered in. This creates a semi-controlled humidity environment chamber for six months to a year, in which the seed may germinate and then grow relatively unbothered by environmental contamination. To accelerate the growth of
803:. Plants grow up to 30 cm per year. They are susceptible to fungal diseases if over-watered, but are not nearly as sensitive as many other cacti, especially in warm weather when they are in their growth phase. They can be sunburned and display a yellowing chlorotic reaction to overexposure to sunlight.
467:
is normally 3–6 m (10–20 ft) tall and has multiple branches, usually extending from the base but will emerge around broken branches. The tallest recorded specimen was 12.2 metres (40 ft) tall. White flowers are produced at the end of the stems; they open at night and last for about two
620:
cactus. The name is attributed to the belief that just as St Peter holds the keys to heaven, the effects of the cactus allow users "to reach heaven while still on earth." In 2022, the
Peruvian Ministry of Culture declared the traditional use of San Pedro cactus in northern Peru as
419:
and cultivated in other parts of the world. Uses for it include traditional medicine and traditional veterinary medicine, and it is widely grown as an ornamental cactus. It has been used for healing and religious divination in the Andes
Mountains region for over 3,000 years.
443:
may produce up to seven yellow to brown spines, each up to 2 cm (0.8 in) long although typically shorter in cultivated varieties, sometimes being mostly spineless. The number and length of the spines is a feature that distinguishes
837:
A cactus column can be also laid on its side on the ground (like a log), and eventually roots will sprout from it and grow into the ground. After time, sprouts will form and cactus columns will grow upward out of it along its length.
745:, but with unique characteristics. According to a research project in the Netherlands, ceremonial San Pedro use seems to be characterized by relatively strong spiritual experiences, and low incidence of challenging experiences.
794:
at high altitude and with high rainfall, it can withstand temperatures far below that of many other cacti. It requires fertile, free-draining soil. A good soil mix includes an inorganic lightweight substrate such as
459:, which may have up to 20 spines with three or four longer and more robust central ones up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long. The areoles are spaced evenly along the ribs, approximately 2 cm (0.8 in) apart.
2240:
669:
834:
small cuttings onto fast-growing cultivars like the
Predominant Cultivar (PC). Some names of cultivars that are highly prized by cactus collectors are Ogunbodede, Vilcabamba A, and Yowie.
810:, or become thin, due to lower levels of light. This may be problematic if the etiolated zone is not sufficiently strong to support future growth as the cactus may break in strong winds.
1780:"Natural or artificial: An example of topographic spatial distribution analysis of mescaline in cactus plants by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging"
1863:"Validation and exploratory application of a simple, rapid and economical procedure (MESQ) for the quantification of mescaline in fresh cactus tissue and aqueous cactus extracts"
1096:
Ostalaza, C., Cáceres, F. & Roque, J. 2017. Echinopsis pachanoi (amended version of 2013 assessment). The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2017: e.T152445A121474583.
1543:
616:
church authorities after the
Spanish conquest attempted to suppress its use, this failed, as shown by the Christian element in the common name "San Pedro cactus" –
2079:
2050:
2230:
1025:
1238:
1489:. Travaux de l'IFEA. Lima: IFEA Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. pp. 67–87.
1888:
790:
8b to 10. The range of minimum temperatures in which it is known to grow is between -9.4 °C and 10 °C. Because it grows naturally in the
2302:
550:, San Pedro Cactus, the tall cactus in the mid-foreground, in its natural habitat in Peru. Several fruits with shrivelled flowers can be seen.
2666:
2469:
391:
at 2,000–3,000 m (6,600–9,800 ft) in altitude. It is one of a number of kinds of cacti known as San Pedro cactus. It is native to
2827:
2772:
1570:"New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice"
2812:
1260:
1727:
Bohn, Arne; Kiggen, Michiel H. H.; Uthaug, Malin V.; van
Oorsouw, Kim I. M.; Ramaekers, Johannes G.; van Schie, Hein T. (2022-12-05).
2807:
2588:
2404:
2311:
2640:
2601:
2456:
2417:
875:
1990:
1526:
1428:"Use of psychoactive and stimulant plants on the south coast of Peru from the Early Intermediate to Late Intermediate Period"
1270:
1163:
2645:
2461:
854:
is easily grown from seed, often by means of a so-called "Takeaway Tek". This term refers to the practice of the sowing of
1354:
2087:
1963:
2058:
2832:
1494:
2671:
2474:
983:
2782:
2627:
2443:
2324:
1230:
2342:
2817:
752:
tissue just beneath the skin. Mescaline is not evenly distributed within single specimens of San Pedro cactus.
748:
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the highest concentration of active substances is found in the layer of green
2487:
1896:
1619:"Cactus Alkaloids. XIX Crystallization of Mescaline HCl and 3-Methoxytyramine HCl from Trichocereus panchanoi"
2710:
1207:
2580:
995:
830:
of the parent plant. It is therefore a popular method of propagating highly prized cultivars, sometimes by
1007:
2822:
2802:
2151:
2126:
2108:
1067:
661:
106:
2606:
2422:
1016:
513:
by the smaller number of spines per areole, and usually being somewhat shorter with more slender stems.
2705:
2482:
2337:
1131:
1126:
1077:
1917:
1097:
2792:
1728:
1618:
1544:"Declaran Patrimonio Cultural de la NaciĂłn a los conocimientos, saberes y usos del cactus San Pedro"
2218:
Shamanism & the Sacred Cactus: Ethnoarchaeological
Evidence for San Pedro Use in Northern Peru.
719:
17:
1377:"Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture"
1072:
707:
501:
453:
211:
1483:
Larco, Laura (2008). "Archivo
Arquidiocesano de Trujillo SecciĂłn IdolatrĂas. (Años 1768-1771)".
2797:
2575:
2260:
1837:
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259:
238:
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971:
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2658:
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1683:
1439:
597:
2025:
8:
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71:
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1687:
1443:
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1057:
926:
917:
908:
899:
54:
2744:
2508:
2350:
1814:
1779:
1709:
1465:
1403:
1376:
1310:
368:
268:
101:
600:. Archaeological studies have found evidence of use going back two thousand years, to
439:, with a diameter of 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) and usually 6–8 ribs. The whitish
435:
is native to
Ecuador, Peru and Colombia. Its stems are light to dark green, sometimes
2679:
2549:
2391:
1819:
1801:
1760:
1713:
1701:
1633:
1592:
1522:
1490:
1469:
1457:
1408:
1266:
1159:
665:
622:
1314:
1156:
Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven
Pflanzen. Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen
609:
2749:
2554:
2513:
2396:
2355:
2001:
1936:
1870:
1809:
1791:
1750:
1740:
1691:
1584:
1447:
1398:
1388:
1302:
692:
653:
31:
1745:
1568:
Ogunbodede, O.; McCombs, D.; Trout, K.; Daley, P.; Terry, M. (15 September 2010).
2723:
2382:
2287:
2245:
2241:
International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS)
1778:
Lin, Jiaman; Yang, Shuo; Ji, Jiaojiao; Xiang, Ping; Wu, Lina; Chen, Hang (2023).
1062:
613:
601:
487:
by Britton and Rose in 1920. As a species, it has also been placed in the genera
144:
1328:
1113:
2692:
2236:
1696:
1671:
1486:
Más allá de los encantos – Documentos sobre extirpaciĂłn de idolatrĂas, Trujillo
1344:
935:
827:
787:
749:
489:
167:
131:
1796:
1588:
1452:
1427:
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2540:
2175:
1805:
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605:
562:
91:
86:
760:
1874:
1823:
1705:
1596:
1412:
1393:
863:
673:
539:
197:
2736:
2500:
1637:
1484:
2614:
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2296:
1306:
617:
2316:
2593:
2409:
1755:
742:
701:
677:
521:
495:
187:
2619:
2435:
1426:
Socha, Dagmara M.; Sykutera, Marzena; Orefici, Giuseppe (2022-12-01).
953:
1862:
1042:
696:
681:
657:
649:
525:
416:
404:
2329:
2254:
1031:
The fruit after bursting open, revealing the seeds in a sweet flesh.
2731:
2534:
2495:
2376:
2281:
1098:
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152445A121474583.en
859:
831:
807:
685:
436:
400:
157:
2448:
633:
2632:
1937:"Growing San Pedro Cactus: How To Care For Trichocereus Pachanoi"
1729:"Altered States of Consciousness During Ceremonial San Pedro Use"
1289:
Albesiano, SofĂa (2012), "A New Taxonomic Treatment of the Genus
1258:
1231:"Could Synthetic Mescaline Protect Declining Peyote Populations?"
962:
800:
408:
392:
2567:
1326:
2249:
1349:
1052:
796:
730:
440:
384:
177:
63:
2718:
1991:"What if the cut end doesn't dry properly and starts to mold"
791:
412:
388:
118:
1616:
944:
1726:
1567:
1330:
Plantas de los dioses. Origenes del uso de los alucinogenos
784:
396:
1651:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
738:
1733:
The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
660:(from 0.053% up to 4.7% of dry cactus weight), and also
1172:
2204:
Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic
1425:
305:(Rauh & Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley
297:(Rauh & Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley
289:(Britton & Rose) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley
699:, which is also found in some species of the genus
1108:
1106:
826:can be propagated from cuttings. The result is a
2764:
1122:(Britton & Rose) Albesiano & R.Kiesling"
596:. It has a long history of being used in Andean
2051:"Grow Cacti from Seed - Enhanced Takeaway Tek"
1777:
1374:
1103:
2109:"Takeaway Tek (How to germinate cacti seeds)"
2149:
1860:
1259:Bigwood, Jeremy; Stafford, Peter J. (1992).
880:In most countries, it is legal to cultivate
813:
2152:"Grafting cacti to Pereskiopsis spathulata"
1626:Lloydia and the Journal of Natural Products
1617:Crosby, D.M.; McLaughlin, J.L. (Dec 1973).
1265:. Berkeley, CA: Ronin Pub. pp. 118–9.
2080:"How to Grow Trichocereus Cacti from Seed"
80:
53:
1985:
1983:
1813:
1795:
1754:
1744:
1695:
1451:
1402:
1392:
1288:
262:and Rose) Albesiano & R.Kiesling 2012
2127:"Coke bottle tek: A terrarium technique"
1918:"Echinopsis pachanoi (San Pedro Cactus)"
1889:"San Pedro Cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi)"
1657:
1516:
1327:Richard Evans Schultes; Albert Hofmann.
1284:
1282:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1185:
759:
632:
538:
520:
876:Legality of mescaline cactus by country
656:), including the well-studied chemical
14:
2765:
1980:
1934:
1861:Van Der Sypt, Frederick (2022-04-03).
1669:
1150:
505:in 2012. It can be distinguished from
2303:Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi
2259:
2258:
2231:Cactus Culture Volume 1: Trichocereus
1958:
1956:
1482:
1279:
1228:
1191:
1144:
670:4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
1672:"Finding medical value in mescaline"
2828:Psychedelic phenethylamine carriers
2773:IUCN Red List least concern species
2026:"Trichocereus 'Yowie' (Echinopsis)"
1229:Mchem, Benjamin Bury (2021-08-02).
516:
483:was first described as the species
24:
2343:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77125731-1
2196:
1953:
1521:. Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press.
1100:. Downloaded on 11 September 2021.
561:is known by many names throughout
25:
2844:
2813:Medicinal plants of South America
2224:
1432:Journal of Archaeological Science
499:. It was reduced to a variety of
30:For the mountain in Bolivia, see
2488:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:257116-2
1158:. Aarau: AT-Verlag. p. 15.
1024:
1015:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
737:comparable to those produced by
281:(Britton & Rose) Werderm.
105:
2808:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens
2711:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:88444-2
2168:
2143:
2119:
2101:
2072:
2043:
2018:
1928:
1910:
1881:
1854:
1830:
1771:
1720:
1663:
1610:
1561:
1536:
1510:
1476:
1419:
1368:
1357:from the original on 2020-03-18
1337:
1241:from the original on 2021-08-02
2176:"Pereskiopsis – Trout's Notes"
1867:PhytoChem & BioSub Journal
1375:Bussmann RW, Sharon D (2006).
1320:
1252:
1222:
1090:
755:
423:
13:
1:
1746:10.1080/10508619.2022.2139502
1083:
846:Like a lot of its relatives,
383:) is a fast-growing columnar
2086:. 2018-07-15. Archived from
1577:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1517:Anderson, Edward F. (2001).
841:
628:
7:
2211:This Is Your Mind on Plants
2150:Herbalistics (2015-07-08).
1935:Antosh, Gary (2021-07-06).
1838:"Mescaline in Trichocereus"
1670:Bender, Eric (2022-09-28).
1068:List of psychoactive plants
1036:
869:
662:3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine
471:
27:Mescaline-containing cactus
10:
2849:
1784:Frontiers in Plant Science
1697:10.1038/d41586-022-02873-8
1132:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1127:Plants of the World Online
1078:Stela of the cactus bearer
891:
873:
772:(San Pedro Cactus) cutting
29:
2524:
2366:
2267:
1797:10.3389/fpls.2023.1066595
1589:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.021
1453:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105688
1262:Psychedelics encyclopedia
862:, they can be grafted on
814:Propagation from cuttings
274:
267:
244:
237:
102:Scientific classification
100:
78:
69:
61:
52:
41:
2833:Plants described in 1920
2269:Trichocereus macrogonus
2246:Psychoactive Cacti vault
2220:San Diego Museum of Man.
2216:Sharon, Douglas (2000).
2209:Pollan, Michael (2021).
2206:. Yale University Press.
1550:(in Spanish). 2022-11-17
818:Like many other plants,
720:Echinopsis tacaquirensis
346:Trichocereus torataensis
310:Trichocereus macrogonus
43:Trichocereus macrogonus
2131:Entheogenesis Australis
1964:"Trichocereus pachanoi"
1345:"San Pedro: Basic Info"
1293:(Cactaceae) in Chile",
1116:Trichocereus macrogonus
1073:Psychedelic microdosing
1001:Five-month-old seedling
989:Three-week-old seedling
882:Trichocereus macrogonus
848:Trichocereus macrogonus
820:Trichocereus macrogonus
806:In winter, plants will
777:Trichocereus macrogonus
766:Trichocereus macrogonus
733:). Mescaline induces a
708:Echinopsis lageniformis
642:Trichocereus macrogonus
555:Trichocereus macrogonus
544:Trichocereus macrogonus
530:Trichocereus macrogonus
528:, an alkaloid found in
502:Trichocereus macrogonus
477:Trichocereus macrogonus
461:Trichocereus macrogonus
429:Trichocereus macrogonus
360:Trichocereus macrogonus
330:Trichocereus santaensis
248:Trichocereus macrogonus
2783:Cacti of South America
1875:10.5281/zenodo.6409376
1394:10.1186/1746-4269-2-47
1209:Visionary Cactus Guide
773:
764:A small newly planted
714:Echinopsis scopulicola
638:
551:
536:
317:M.H.J.van der Meer
2818:Night-blooming plants
2368:Trichocereus pachanoi
2237:San Pedro: Basic Info
1922:Worldofsucculents.com
763:
726:Lophophora williamsii
648:contains a number of
636:
542:
524:
485:Trichocereus pachanoi
374:Trichocereus pachanoi
341:Rauh & Backeb.
338:Trichocereus schoenii
333:Rauh & Backeb.
325:Britton & Rose
322:Trichocereus pachanoi
294:Echinopsis santaensis
2084:Dissidentreality.com
2055:Arkhamsbotanical.com
1893:Desert-tropicals.com
1842:The Mescaline Garden
1381:J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
1307:10.2985/026.018.0114
598:traditional medicine
403:, but also found in
2526:Echinopsis pachanoi
1688:2022Natur.609S..90B
1444:2022JArSc.148j5688S
637:Sliced to be brewed
380:Echinopsis pachanoi
302:Echinopsis schoenii
286:Echinopsis pachanoi
72:Conservation status
2823:Psychoactive cacti
2803:Flora of the Andes
2202:Jay, Mike (2019).
774:
723:) and the species
639:
552:
537:
507:T. macrogonus
446:T. macrogonus
212:T. macrogonus
2760:
2759:
2680:Open Tree of Life
2261:Taxon identifiers
1682:(7929): S90–S91.
1660:, pp. 44–49.
1528:978-0-88192-498-5
1519:The Cactus Family
1272:978-0-914171-51-5
1165:978-3-85502-570-1
1152:Rätsch, Christian
1048:ChavĂn de Huántar
735:psychedelic state
666:3-Methoxytyramine
623:cultural heritage
356:
355:
350:
342:
334:
326:
318:
306:
298:
290:
282:
95:
16:(Redirected from
2840:
2793:Flora of Ecuador
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
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2714:
2713:
2701:
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2320:
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2307:
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2292:
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2256:
2255:
2213:. Penguin Press.
2190:
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2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2113:Herbalistics.com
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2057:. Archived from
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2030:Trichocereus.net
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2000:. Archived from
1998:Sacredcactus.com
1995:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1941:Plant Care Today
1932:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1895:. Archived from
1885:
1879:
1878:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1799:
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1246:
1226:
1220:
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1218:
1217:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1058:El ParaĂso, Peru
1028:
1019:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
693:psychedelic drug
654:cactus alkaloids
517:Traditional uses
348:
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296:
288:
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254:
110:
109:
89:
84:
83:
57:
46:
39:
38:
32:Achuma (Bolivia)
21:
2848:
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2300:
2295:
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2270:
2263:
2233:by Patrick Noll
2227:
2199:
2197:Further reading
2194:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2180:sacredcacti.com
2174:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2158:
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2019:
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1149:
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1112:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1063:Guitarrero Cave
1039:
1032:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
999:
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987:
978:
975:
966:
957:
948:
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930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
878:
872:
844:
816:
788:hardiness zones
758:
691:Mescaline is a
631:
519:
474:
426:
311:
278:Cereus pachanoi
263:
256:
246:
233:
215:
104:
96:
85:
81:
74:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2846:
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2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:wfo-0000662239
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2598:
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2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:wfo-0001287783
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2453:
2440:
2427:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2372:
2370:
2364:
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2356:wfo-0001434469
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2293:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2226:
2225:External links
2223:
2222:
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2214:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2167:
2142:
2118:
2100:
2071:
2042:
2017:
1979:
1968:www.llifle.com
1952:
1927:
1924:. 9 June 2018.
1909:
1880:
1853:
1829:
1770:
1739:(4): 309–331.
1719:
1662:
1650:
1632:(4): 416–418.
1609:
1583:(2): 356–362.
1560:
1535:
1527:
1509:
1495:
1475:
1418:
1367:
1353:. 2019-09-20.
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1188:, p. 276.
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890:
874:Main article:
871:
868:
843:
840:
815:
812:
757:
754:
750:photosynthetic
630:
627:
614:Roman Catholic
610:ChavĂn culture
518:
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239:Trinomial name
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209:
207:
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195:
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185:
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168:Caryophyllales
165:
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147:
142:
135:
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2:
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2824:
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2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Flora of Peru
2796:
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2781:
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2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
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2415:
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2378:
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2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
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2304:
2298:
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2219:
2215:
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2201:
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2181:
2177:
2171:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2115:. 2015-07-07.
2114:
2110:
2104:
2090:on 2019-08-08
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2061:on 2019-03-29
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2007:on 2016-03-03
2003:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1899:on 2011-10-21
1898:
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1658:Anderson 2001
1654:
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1333:(in Spanish).
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1186:Anderson 2001
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877:
867:
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861:
857:
853:
849:
839:
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833:
829:
828:genetic clone
825:
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811:
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802:
798:
793:
789:
786:
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651:
647:
643:
635:
626:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:Nazca culture
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:South America
560:
556:
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531:
527:
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451:
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402:
398:
394:
390:
387:found in the
386:
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365:
361:
347:
344:
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132:Tracheophytes
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
108:
103:
99:
93:
88:
87:Least Concern
77:
73:
68:
65:
60:
56:
51:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2778:Trichocereus
2525:
2367:
2268:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2183:. Retrieved
2179:
2170:
2159:. Retrieved
2156:Herbalistics
2155:
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2074:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:the original
2054:
2045:
2034:. Retrieved
2032:. 2015-12-27
2029:
2020:
2009:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1997:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:the original
1892:
1883:
1866:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:
1832:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1629:
1625:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1580:
1576:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:elperuano.pe
1547:
1538:
1518:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1485:
1478:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1329:
1322:
1298:
1294:
1291:Trichocereus
1290:
1261:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1234:
1224:
1214:, retrieved
1212:, Erowid.org
1208:
1155:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1125:
1119:
1115:
1092:
885:
881:
879:
864:Pereskiopsis
856:Trichocereus
855:
851:
847:
845:
836:
823:
819:
817:
805:
780:
776:
775:
769:
765:
747:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
690:
674:anhalonidine
652:(especially
645:
641:
640:
593:
589:
585:
581:
579:hahuacollay,
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
558:
554:
553:
547:
543:
533:
529:
510:
506:
500:
494:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:
464:
460:
455:
449:
445:
432:
428:
427:
379:
378:
373:
372:
363:
359:
358:
357:
345:
337:
329:
321:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
251:
247:
245:
229:
225:
224:
210:
199:Trichocereus
198:
151:
138:
125:
42:
36:
2698:kew-2783547
2615:iNaturalist
2431:iNaturalist
2297:Wikispecies
1756:2066/285968
1643:13 December
1301:: 116–139,
756:Cultivation
618:Saint Peter
612:. Although
424:Description
349:F.Ritter
184:Subfamily:
145:Angiosperms
2788:Entheogens
2767:Categories
2693:Plant List
2330:77125731-1
2185:2024-06-07
2161:2024-06-07
2136:2023-07-01
2094:2018-09-21
2065:2018-09-21
2036:2024-09-11
2011:2012-02-07
1973:2024-08-30
1946:2023-01-21
1903:2008-02-23
1847:2024-08-30
1554:2022-12-10
1533:pp. 45–49.
1438:: 105688.
1361:2022-01-01
1295:Haseltonia
1245:2021-09-21
1216:2012-10-24
1137:2023-09-25
1084:References
743:psilocybin
702:Echinopsis
678:anhalinine
576:aguacolla,
511:macrogonus
496:Echinopsis
456:macrogonus
371:including
226:T. m.
188:Cactoideae
2581:242427836
2383:Q14931625
2288:Q92450324
1806:1664-462X
1765:1050-8619
1714:252548055
1470:252954052
1462:0305-4403
1387:(1): 47.
1043:Ayahuasca
860:seedlings
842:From seed
697:entheogen
682:hordenine
658:mescaline
650:alkaloids
629:Alkaloids
604:culture,
590:San Pedro
570:huachuma,
526:Hordenine
417:Venezuela
405:Argentina
220:Variety:
206:Species:
178:Cactaceae
115:Kingdom:
2732:Tropicos
2719:Species+
2535:Wikidata
2496:Tropicos
2449:257116-2
2377:Wikidata
2317:11093098
2282:Wikidata
2273:pachanoi
1824:36844095
1706:36171368
1602:19 March
1597:20637277
1502:April 9,
1413:17090303
1355:Archived
1315:84425131
1239:Archived
1235:Chacruna
1154:(2002).
1120:pachanoi
1037:See also
886:pachanoi
870:Legality
852:pachanoi
832:grafting
824:pachanoi
808:etiolate
781:pachanoi
770:pachanoi
686:tyramine
646:pachanoi
594:giganton
573:wachuma,
565:such as
559:pachanoi
548:pachanoi
534:pachanoi
481:pachanoi
472:Taxonomy
465:pachanoi
450:pachanoi
437:glaucous
433:pachanoi
401:Colombia
369:synonyms
364:pachanoi
314:sanpedro
269:Synonyms
252:pachanoi
230:pachanoi
174:Family:
158:Eudicots
92:IUCN 3.1
47:pachanoi
18:Huachuca
2737:5102168
2685:1003798
2672:1001097
2633:88444-2
2594:5622352
2568:5182508
2541:Q133426
2501:5101738
2475:2800985
2410:7282455
1815:9950628
1684:Bibcode
1638:4773270
1440:Bibcode
1404:1637095
892:Gallery
801:perlite
582:lapituq
567:achuma,
441:areoles
409:Bolivia
393:Ecuador
260:Britton
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