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national ruler, and when the unit of society is the great patriarchal family, with its elders or war-chiefs for lords. Under these conditions, the spirits of the family-ancestors only are worshipped;—each family propitiating its own dead, and recognizing no other form of worship. As the patriarchal families, later on, become grouped into tribal clans, there grows up the custom of tribal sacrifice to the spirits of the clan-rulers;—this cult being superadded to the family-cult, and marking the second stage of ancestor-worship. Finally, with the union of all the clans or tribes under one supreme head, there is developed the custom of propitiating the spirits of national, rulers. This third form of the cult becomes the obligatory religion of the country; but it does not replace either of the preceding cults: the three continue to exist together.
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which mark ancestor worship, will have fallen very much to the background if they can be at all inferred among the Celts; the relations emphasised will be found pertaining to mythologic concepts and to the Nature-Myth. For, as modifications and transitions in behalf are constant, ancestor worship gets partly transcended. But in Manism the guardian spirit has its specific influence on the tribal consciousness. I recollect
439:, both totem and taboo are outward expressions or manifestations of the same psychological tendency, a concept which is complementary to, or which rather reconciles, the apparent conflict. Freud preferred to emphasize the psychoanalytic implications of the reification of metaphysical forces but with particular emphasis on its familial nature. This emphasis underscores, rather than weakens, the ancestral component.
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are more or less expressive of their friendly relations with man. ... In ... e is the
Brownie. ... In Scotland this same Brownie is well known. He is usually described as attached to particular families, with whom he has been known to reside for centuries, threshing the corn, cleaning the house, and performing similar household tasks. His favorite gratification was milk and honey.
270:, they were also jealous of their dignity and also had to be appeased with shrines and offerings, however humble. Because of their immediacy, they had arguably more influence on the day-to-day affairs of men than the remote gods did. Vestiges of their worship persisted long after Christianity and other major religions extirpated nearly every trace of the major pagan
590:, a noted classicist and jurist, traced the origin of domestic deities from the earliest stages as an expression of animism, a belief system thought to have existed also in the neolithic and the forerunner of Indo-European religion. In his analysis of the Indo-European household, in Chapter II, "The House Spirit", Section 1, he states:
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virtues being turned into vices, and, contrariwise, their vices into virtues, as good or ill fortune befell the household and its appurtenances. Is not the bowl of milk placed for the
Brownie in the corner of the room a survival of the drink-offering of wine which was poured out before the household gods of the Romans?
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The second phase of this stage of thought would be a cult of human ancestors, specially of tribal chiefs and clan-heroes: this is Manism or
Ancestor Worship proper, culminating in hero worship. ... it is to be noted that the characteristics pertaining to a particular clan or tribal community,
609:
In the other
European nations, the Slavs, the Teutons, and the Kelts, the House Spirit appears with no less distinctness. ... he existence of that worship does not admit of doubt. ... The House Spirits had a multitude of other names which it is needless here to enumerate, but all of which
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The term fairy, however, is also loosely used to include other beings of a similar character like the brownie, elf, fay, gnome, goblin, kobold, pixy, puck, salamander, sprite, sylph, troll and undine. ... Fairy lore contains likewise certain elements of ancestor-worship, of mythology, and of
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What are our elves and fairies, goblins, nisses, brownies, and pixies but latter-day survivals of arkite ancestor worship? Brownies and pixies were probably invariably of good character, originally, a likelihood suggested by the good points which in many respects survive in their character, their
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Three stages of ancestor-worship are to be distinguished in the general course of religious and social evolution; and each of these finds illustration in the history of
Japanese society. The first stage is that which exists before the establishment of a settled civilization, when there is yet no
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The Kobold is exactly the same being as the Danish Nis, and
Scottish Brownie, and English Hobgoblin. He performs the very same services for the family to whom he attaches himself. ... The Nis, Kobold, or Goblin, appears in Scotland under the name of Brownie.
405:, another founder of anthropology, as well as of sociology, about the innateness of the human tendency towards animistic explanations, but both agreed that ancestor worship was the root of religion and that domestic deities were survivals from such an early stage.
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rehabilitated them and embellished them into objects of literary curiosity in the 19th century. Since the 20th century, this literature has been mined for characters for role-playing games, video games, and other fantasy
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The real religion of Japan, the religion still professed in one form or other, by the entire nation, is that cult which has been the foundation of all civilized religion, and of all civilized society, –
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Demonstrating that this evolution and functional equivalence has generally come to be accepted and that their nature is indeed that proposed by Grimm, one may refer to the early twentieth century
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The general dynamics of the origin and development of household deities over a considerable span may be traced and exemplified by the historically attested origins and current practices of the
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636:, mentioned in the narrative concerning Brian Boru in the Wars of the Gaedhel and the Gall; there is also Mag Molach or Hairy Hand, and Bodach An Duin of Rothiemurchus, as well as
1349:"Luther glaubt nicht mehr an katholische Wunder, aber er glaubt noch an Teufelswesen. Seine Tischreden sind voll kurioser Geschichtchen von Satanskünsten, Kobolden und Hexen."
429:. This distinction is somewhat academic since totemism may be regarded as a particularized manifestation of animism, and a synthesis of the two positions was attempted by
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adds the child's name to a list kept at the shrine and declares him or her a "family child" (氏子 ujiko). After death an ujiko becomes a "family spirit", or "family
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The resemblance to the Robin
Goodfellow (q.v.) of the English and the Kobold of the Germans is conspicuous, and the Roman Lar is also suggested by this suspicion.
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Household deities fit into two types; firstly, a specific deity – typically a goddess – often referred to as a
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served this purpose in the case of the Romans. The gods would be treated as members of the family and invited to join in meals or be given
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For centuries, Christianity fought a mop-up war against these lingering minor pagan deities, but they proved tenacious. For example,
316:, not infrequently invested with invented traits and hierarchies somewhat different from their mythological and folkloric roots.
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the more familiar belief in the
Brownie which renders offices of help in some houses,—a feeble survival of early phases of cult.
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To underscore the equivalence of brownie, kobold, and goblin, consider the words of the
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1664:. The Fairy Mythology: Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries. 1870. Available online at
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Household deities were usually worshipped not in temples but in the home, where they would be represented by small
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or souls of departed ancestors. So in our German superstition we find instances of souls becoming homesprites or
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The New
International Encyclopaedia, Coit et al., eds. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1911. Available online at
703:(originally a river spirit, since 1991, has become a hearth goddess in Ukrainian Romantic nationalism)
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Many European cultures retained house spirits into the modern period. Some examples of these include:
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The Aryan Household, Its Structure and Its Development: An Introduction to Comparative Jurisprudence.
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The belief which guided the conduct of our forefathers was ... the spirit rule of dead ancestors.
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Certain species, or types, of household deities existed. An example of this was the Roman Lares.
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have numerous – quite serious – references to dealing with
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The second type of household deity is not one singular deity but a type or species of
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Totem und Tabu: Einige Übereinstimmungen im Seelenleben der Wilden und der Neurotiker
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1569:). Göttingen, 1835, 3rd ed., 1854, 2 vols. English translation available online at
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found on older churches could be viewed as guardians partitioning a sacred space.
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Totem and Taboo: Resemblances Between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics
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shelf) where offerings are made to ancestral kami, as well as to other kami.
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MacMichael elaborated his views on the folkloric belief complex as follows:
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George Henderson elaborated on the presumed origin of ancestor worship in
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Survivals in Belief Among the Celts: I. The Finding of the Soul (part 2)
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1553:, 1918.) Third essay, "Animism, Magic and the Omnipotence of Thought".
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998: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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who is associated with the home and hearth, such as the ancient Greek
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threatened to erase most of these minor deities until the advent of
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19:"House spirit" redirects here. For the alcohol industry term, see
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are full of curious tales of satanic arts, kobolds, and witches."
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137:-like creatures existing in folklore, such as the Anglo-Scottish
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MacMichael, J. Holden. "The Evil Eye and the Solar Emblem", in
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Domestic or hearth goddesses from various mythologies include:
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It is thus certain that the worship of deceased ancestors is a
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1627:. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1904. Available online at
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https://books.google.com/books?name=9663WttGfbUC&pg=PA39
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1302:"HESTIA - Greek Goddess of Hearth & Home (Roman Vesta)"
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Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland
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Drawing the picture with broader strokes, he continues:
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or certain key members. It has been a common belief in
1613:"Chapter II: The House Spirit". Available online at
1592:(German Dictionary). Available online in German at
1630:Henderson, George. "The Finding of the Soul", in
549:
385:
1467:"The Fairy Mythology: Great Britain: The Brownie"
41:, the household deity, progenitor of the kin, in
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1571:http://www.northvegr.org/lore/grimmst/017_12.php
168:. The more prosperous houses might have a small
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632:of Craig Liath, the guardian spirit of the
362:Whenever a child is born in Japan, a local
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1609:. 1878. London: Longman, Green & Co.
1594:http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/DWB
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374:Many Japanese houses still have a shrine (
1684:Japan, An Attempt at Interpretation Index
1145:, divine guardians of doors and gates in
1058:Learn how and when to remove this message
598:In Section 2, he proceeds to elaborate:
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278:) protect gardens and grottos. Even the
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25:
16:Deity or spirit associated with the home
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408:
320:Origins in animism and ancestor worship
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1403:"Herbert Spencer as an Anthropologist"
1326:, and offering him milk and honeycomb.
606:, and not a mere hypothesis. ...
3679:List of beings referred to as fairies
2681:
1884:
1712:
1666:The Fairy Mythology: Germany: Kobolds
1318:For example, reserving a seat at the
578:Origin of ancestor worship in animism
474:did not hesitate to equate the Roman
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443:Domestic deities and ancestor worship
133:. These survived Christianisation as
1885:
1504:
1495:
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1342:
1339:, s.v. "kobold", "poltergeist", etc.
996:adding citations to reliable sources
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535:
482:. He explains in some detail in his
325:Shinto as an exemplar of development
1632:Survivals in Belief Among the Celts
1625:Japan, an Attempt at Interpretation
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192:In ancient and modern religions, a
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1522:
1459:
1329:
14:
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1206:), a household mother goddess in
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1128:, a household mother goddess in
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456:Shrine of the household deities
72:across many parts of the world.
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983:needs additional citations for
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558:New International Encyclopaedia
551:New International Encyclopaedia
499: ..., and the good kindly
386:Cultural evolution and survival
333:belief system in Japan. As the
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1407:Journal of Libertarian Studies
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1176:, the most predominant god in
1:
1634:, I.2. . Available online at
1547:. 1913. (English translation
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963:
956:, a female guardian angel in
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413:In contradistinction to both
196:would preside over the home.
172:to the household god(s); the
56:or spirit that protects the
7:
3705:Domestic and hearth deities
2683:Fairy-like beings worldwide
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676:
60:, looking after the entire
10:
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1750:Classifications of fairies
1492:NIE, p. 197, s.v. "Fairy".
1386:"The Religion of the Home"
936:Traditional Roman religion
651:
209:(Scotland and England) or
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938:, both state and domestic
662:Ancient Egyptian religion
1169:Vietnamese folk religion
1160:Vietnamese folk religion
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565:older religious beliefs.
495:betrays its affinity to
244:(Norwegian or Danish) /
187:
2119:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
711:Ancient Celtic religion
643:
615:George Henderson (1911)
516:Thomas Keightley (1870)
401:. Tylor disagreed with
225:(Spain and Portugal) /
3591:Christmas gift-bringer
2009:Brown Man of the Muirs
1232:, in Japanese folklore
896:Ancient Roman religion
860:Ancient Roman religion
687:Ancient Greek religion
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503:were often held to be
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115:ancient Roman religion
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85:R A Stewart Macalister
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2463:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
1974:Blue men of the Minch
1850:Abodes and structures
1607:Hearn, William Edward
1225:Chinese folk religion
1195:Chinese folk religion
1147:Chinese folk religion
914:Scandinavian folklore
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305:Industrial Revolution
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2869:Hopkinsville Goblins
1705:at Wikimedia Commons
1589:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1501:NIE, s.v. "Brownie".
1471:www.sacred-texts.com
1447:JG, Chapter 31, p. 1
1428:JG, Chapter 17, p 12
1390:www.sacred-texts.com
1372:www.sacred-texts.com
1087:Korean folk religion
992:improve this article
738:Anglo-Saxon paganism
696:Lithuanian mythology
588:William Edward Hearn
470:European folklorist
419:Edward Burnett Tylor
409:Animism and totemism
391:Edward Burnett Tylor
309:romantic nationalism
131:Anglo-Saxon paganism
2590:Sprite/Water sprite
1764:Celtic sacred trees
1562:Deutsche Mythologie
1115:, a goddess in the
927:Portuguese folklore
485:Deutsche Mythologie
425:saw its genesis in
79:"Household god" in
30:Early-20th-century
1919:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe)
1654:2017-09-15 at the
1599:2014-03-04 at the
1582:Grimm, Jacob, and
1576:2004-01-01 at the
1567:Teutonic Mythology
1453:2008-04-21 at the
1434:2004-01-01 at the
1368:"The Ancient Cult"
1335:See Brüder Grimm,
1223:(kitchen god), in
1193:(earth deity), in
905:Ossetian mythology
756:Old Norse religion
468:
448:Jacob Grimm (1835)
88:
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3318:Headless Horseman
2859:Fearsome critters
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1703:Household deities
1701:Media related to
1351:("Erstes Buch".)
1268:Ancestral tablets
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1007:"Household deity"
782:Estonian folklore
720:Scottish folklore
536:MacMichael (1907)
345:Ancestor-worship.
178:offerings of food
3722:
3715:Tutelary deities
3677:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3363:Tuatha Dé Danann
3333:Jimmy Squarefoot
3157:
3156:
2884:Little green men
2679:
2678:
2645:Will-o'-the-wisp
2413:Margot the fairy
2362:Lady of the Lake
2312:Jenny Greenteeth
2307:Jack o' the bowl
2139:Queen of Elphame
1886:Attested fairies
1882:
1881:
1757:Related articles
1733:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1700:
1662:Keightly, Thomas
1529:
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1298:
1264:Ancestral shrine
1208:Meitei mythology
1178:Meitei mythology
1130:Meitei mythology
1100:Meitei mythology
1063:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1000:
976:
968:
958:Romani mythology
923:Spanish folklore
887:Italian folklore
829:Jack o' the bowl
818:English folklore
778:Finnish folklore
774:Finnish paganism
772:, or Haldjas in
264:Twelve Olympians
123:Korean shamanism
96:domestic goddess
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3454:Enchanted Moura
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3148:
3144:Yara-ma-yha-who
3082:
2933:
2807:
2731:
2684:
2669:
2433:Mooinjer veggey
2396:
2302:Jack-o'-lantern
2267:Heinzelmännchen
2150:
1887:
1876:
1845:
1821:Household deity
1779:Fairy godmother
1752:
1743:
1737:
1693:
1656:Wayback Machine
1642:Heine, Heinrich
1601:Wayback Machine
1578:Wayback Machine
1537:
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1514:
1510:WEH, Section 1.
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1295:
1291:
1255:
1247:Aztec mythology
1245:, a goddess in
1239:
1230:Zashiki-warashi
1204:Yumjao Lairembi
1126:Leimarel Sidabi
1074:in prehispanic
1064:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1001:
999:
989:
977:
966:
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945:
934:, a goddess of
878:Slavic paganism
876:, a goddess in
869:French folklore
851:German folklore
842:Slavic paganism
799:, a goddess in
792:German folklore
788:Heinzelmännchen
765:Baltic paganism
763:, a goddess in
754:, a goddess in
747:Slavic paganism
709:, a goddess in
679:
666:Ekwu, a god in
654:
646:
617:
585:
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554:
538:
522:Thomas Keightly
518:
450:
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436:Totem and Taboo
415:Herbert Spencer
411:
403:Herbert Spencer
388:
370:" (氏神 ujigami).
327:
322:
299:. Eventually,
190:
50:household deity
43:Slavic paganism
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2262:The Hedley Kow
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2232:Gwragedd Annwn
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1836:Tutelary deity
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1789:Fairy painting
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1621:Hearn,Lafcadio
1618:
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1541:Freud, Sigmund
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1237:North American
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929:
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912:, or Nisse in
907:
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833:Swiss folklore
826:
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801:Greek paganism
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729:Welsh folklore
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476:lar familiaris
449:
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423:Émile Durkheim
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338:Lafcadio Hearn
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92:hearth goddess
68:as well as in
15:
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3710:Roman deities
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3353:Pictish Beast
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3348:Morgan Le Fay
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1003:Find sources:
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986:
981:This section
979:
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433:. In Freud's
432:
431:Sigmund Freud
428:
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420:
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383:
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371:
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365:
364:Shinto shrine
359:
358:Furthermore,
355:
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287:Martin Luther
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152:(such as the
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36:
33:
28:
22:
3575:Weiße Frauen
3571:Witte Wieven
3343:Menninkäinen
3124:Patupaiarehe
3052:Hungry ghost
3037:Orang bunian
2955:Fallen angel
2899:Nordic alien
2635:Wicked fairy
2575:Sleih beggey
2382:Lubber fiend
2372:Leanan sídhe
2317:Joan the Wad
2282:Hobbididance
2242:Gwyn ap Nudd
1964:Bloody Bones
1934:Baobhan sith
1924:Arkan Sonney
1841:Water spirit
1826:Hungry grass
1820:
1794:Fairy riding
1677:Google Books
1672:
1645:
1631:
1624:
1610:
1587:
1566:
1560:
1557:Grimm, Jacob
1548:
1544:
1535:Bibliography
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1442:
1423:
1414:
1409:, V:2, 1981.
1406:
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1371:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1200:Yumjao Leima
1119:folklore in
1054:
1048:January 2023
1045:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1002:
990:Please help
985:verification
982:
810:Lubber fiend
718:or Urisk in
683:Agathodaemon
647:
637:
626:
618:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
586:
583:Hearn (1878)
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357:
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343:
335:Japanologist
328:
290:
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261:
248:(Swedish) /
217:(Germany) /
213:(England) /
201:
198:
191:
147:
104:
95:
91:
89:
49:
47:
3596:Santa Claus
3424:Hippocampus
3114:Muldjewangk
2980:Inari Ōkami
2630:Water horse
2615:Tylwyth Teg
2605:Tooth fairy
2498:Pillywiggin
2448:Moss people
2418:Meg Mullach
2322:Joint-eater
2207:Ghillie Dhu
2167:Fairy Queen
1954:Billy Blind
1909:Alp Luachra
1816:Genius loci
1742:in folklore
1355:Table Talks
1278:Kitchen God
1156:kitchen god
1113:Kamui Fuchi
874:Matka Gabia
660:, a god in
472:Jacob Grimm
301:rationalism
276:St. Francis
141:and Slavic
3694:Categories
3628:Salamander
3328:Jack Frost
2965:Hồ ly tinh
2960:Fox spirit
2864:Grey alien
2824:Anchimayen
2625:Water bull
2570:Shellycoat
2493:Peg Powler
2478:Nuckelavee
2453:Nain Rouge
2377:Leprechaun
2272:Hinzelmann
2177:Fear gorta
2172:Fear dearg
2144:Svartálfar
2104:Each-uisge
2069:Colt pixie
2059:Clurichaun
2049:Ceffyl Dŵr
1949:Bean nighe
1872:Fairy ring
1867:Fairy path
1857:Fairy fort
1799:Fairy tale
1784:Fairy-lock
1769:Changeling
1337:Wörterbuch
1289:References
1273:Dharmapala
1212:Sanamahism
1191:Tu Di Gong
1182:Sanamahism
1134:Sanamahism
1104:Sanamahism
1018:newspapers
964:East Asian
948:West Asian
883:Monaciello
604:vera causa
292:Tischreden
35:cult image
21:well drink
3608:Elemental
3298:Black dog
3017:Korpokkur
2970:Huli jing
2914:Pukwudgie
2894:Nimerigar
2854:Encantado
2798:Tikoloshe
2778:Mami Wata
2758:Bultungin
2748:Asanbosam
2689:Worldwide
2650:Wirry-cow
2508:Púca/Pwca
2443:Morvarc'h
2332:Kilmoulis
2287:Hobgoblin
2227:Grindylow
2202:Gancanagh
2182:Fenodyree
2134:Huldufólk
2074:Cyhyraeth
2029:Bugul Noz
1862:Fairyland
823:Húsvættir
701:Berehynia
634:Dal Caiss
569:and also
395:survivals
280:gargoyles
272:pantheons
256:Húsvættir
252:(Finnish)
231:Hobgoblin
107:animistic
62:household
3669:Category
3659:See also
3638:Wild man
3539:Alberich
3409:Farfadet
3399:Dionysus
3389:Cercopes
3379:Basajaun
3372:Southern
3283:Aitvaras
3276:Northern
3262:Vodyanoy
3257:Vântoase
3247:Vadleany
3242:Ursitory
3237:Spiriduș
3232:Sânziană
3192:Kikimora
3187:Karzełek
3139:Wandjina
3104:Menehune
3068:Yakshini
3022:Mazzikin
3012:Kijimuna
2950:Dokkaebi
2904:Nûñnë'hï
2849:Curupira
2839:Chaneque
2834:Canotila
2812:Americas
2705:Succubus
2696:Bogeyman
2585:Spriggan
2565:Seonaidh
2423:Melusine
2357:Korrigan
2247:Habetrot
2237:Gwyllion
2217:Glashtyn
2212:Glaistig
2192:Finvarra
2094:Dullahan
2064:Coblynau
2054:Clíodhna
2039:Cat sìth
2034:Caoineag
1944:Barghest
1811:Familiar
1652:Archived
1597:Archived
1574:Archived
1451:Archived
1432:Archived
1322:for the
1283:Teraphim
1253:See also
1243:Chantico
1174:Sanamahi
1078:culture.
1076:Filipino
838:Kikimora
734:Cofgodas
725:Bwbachod
692:Aitvaras
677:European
630:Aoibhell
427:totemism
376:kamidana
340:put it:
314:personae
303:and the
238:(Slavic)
174:lararium
154:teraphim
127:cofgodas
70:folklore
66:paganism
3633:Sandman
3561:Perchta
3556:Lorelei
3517:Western
3498:Thiasus
3483:Silenus
3434:Kobalos
3384:Centaur
3313:Haltija
3308:Gremlin
3227:Rusalka
3222:Psotnik
3217:Polevik
3212:Ovinnik
3177:Domovoy
3172:Căpcăun
3160:Eastern
3129:Taniwha
3087:Oceania
2985:Kitsune
2909:Pombero
2874:Ishigaq
2829:Caipora
2803:Yumboes
2783:Obayifo
2720:Mermaid
2715:Merfolk
2701:Incubus
2543:Skogsrå
2533:Radande
2523:Bergsrå
2342:Knucker
2337:Knocker
2292:Hödekin
2257:Haltija
2222:Groac'h
2187:Finfolk
2129:Erlking
2124:Elegast
2089:Duergar
2044:Cù Sìth
2024:Bugbear
2019:Buggane
2004:Brownie
1994:Boobrie
1984:Boggart
1969:Bluecap
1939:Banshee
1774:Elfshot
1740:Fairies
1324:brownie
1221:Zao Jun
1216:Manipur
1186:Manipur
1165:Ông Địa
1152:Ông Táo
1143:Menshen
1138:Manipur
1108:Manipur
1032:scholar
892:Penates
825:, Norse
770:Haltija
743:Domovoy
716:Brownie
707:Brighid
671:Odinani
652:African
621:animism
509:kobolds
480:brownie
478:to the
464:Pompeii
399:animism
297:kobolds
266:or the
258:(Norse)
236:Domovoy
207:Brownie
166:Tawaret
162:amulets
156:of the
143:domovoy
139:brownie
39:Domovoy
3618:Goblin
3566:Vittra
3529:Dusios
3503:Trenti
3493:Squasc
3439:Lamina
3419:Hecate
3303:Gabija
3288:Ajatar
3202:Lidérc
3167:Bannik
3153:Europe
3099:Manaia
3094:Bunyip
3064:Yaksha
3059:Tennin
3027:Mogwai
2990:Kumiho
2975:Huxian
2945:Diwata
2924:Trauco
2743:Abatwa
2736:Africa
2725:Merman
2620:Undine
2580:Sluagh
2560:Selkie
2555:Sebile
2550:Redcap
2528:Hulder
2488:Oberon
2483:Nuggle
2438:Morgen
2428:Merrow
2392:Ly Erg
2347:Kobold
2327:Kelpie
2162:Fachan
2099:Dunnie
2084:Duende
1979:Bodach
1914:Anjana
1904:Aibell
1899:Adhene
1320:hearth
1096:Emoinu
1092:Imoinu
1083:gashin
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
919:Trasgu
847:Kobold
812:, and
797:Hestia
780:, and
761:Gabija
331:Shinto
250:Tonttu
227:Goblin
223:Trasgu
219:Duende
215:Kobold
170:shrine
125:, and
119:gashin
117:, the
100:Hestia
32:Slavic
3623:Gnome
3613:Fates
3534:Dwarf
3488:Siren
3478:Satyr
3461:Nymph
3449:Mouro
3444:Mairu
3394:Circe
3358:Troll
3338:Lauma
3323:Hiisi
3252:Vâlvă
3207:Likho
3197:Leshy
3134:Tipua
3119:Nawao
3109:Mimis
3078:Yōsei
3073:Yōkai
3047:Preta
3002:Irshi
2997:Hyang
2879:Jogah
2793:Simbi
2788:Rompo
2773:Kishi
2768:Jengu
2763:Eloko
2753:Aziza
2640:Wight
2600:Tomte
2595:Sylph
2538:Sjörå
2503:Pixie
2473:Nixie
2468:Nisse
2387:Lutin
2197:Fuath
2079:Drude
2014:Bucca
1989:Bogle
1959:Biróg
1929:Asrai
1121:Japan
1072:Anito
1039:JSTOR
1025:books
943:Asian
932:Vesta
910:Tomte
903:, in
894:, in
865:Lutin
856:Lares
752:Frigg
505:manes
501:lares
493:Larva
459:lares
268:Aesir
246:Tomte
242:Nisse
188:Types
182:drink
158:Bible
150:idols
135:fairy
111:lares
81:Gezer
54:deity
52:is a
37:of a
3508:Vila
3466:List
3414:Faun
3293:Badb
3267:Zână
3182:Iele
3042:Peri
3007:Jinn
2938:Asia
2919:Saci
2889:Muki
2819:Alux
2655:Xana
2610:Trow
2513:Puck
2408:Mare
1999:Brag
1804:List
1266:and
1210:and
1180:and
1132:and
1117:Ainu
1102:and
1081:All
1011:news
925:and
901:Safa
814:Puck
668:Igbo
644:List
417:and
380:kami
368:kami
180:and
58:home
3551:Imp
3473:Pan
2401:M–Z
2277:Hob
2252:Hag
2155:F–L
2114:Alp
2109:Elf
1892:A–E
1644:.
1623:.
1586:.
1559:.
1543:.
1519:WEH
1483:JHM
1418:SF.
1214:of
1184:of
1158:in
1136:of
1106:of
994:by
921:in
867:in
858:in
849:in
840:in
831:in
816:in
806:Hob
790:in
745:in
736:in
727:in
694:in
685:in
658:Bes
497:lar
462:in
289:'s
211:Hob
194:god
129:of
121:of
113:of
94:or
83:by
3696::
2518:Rå
1528:GH
1469:.
1449:.
1430:.
1405:,
1388:.
1370:.
1304:.
1154:,
808:,
776:,
623::
560::
524::
488::
378:,
229:/
221:y
184:.
145:.
102:.
48:A
3573:/
3066:/
2703:/
1732:e
1725:t
1718:v
1686:.
1679:.
1668:.
1658:.
1638:.
1617:.
1603:.
1565:(
1473:.
1392:.
1374:.
1308:.
1202:(
1094:(
1061:)
1055:(
1050:)
1046:(
1036:·
1029:·
1022:·
1015:·
988:.
784:.
23:.
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