1930:, a 10-year study of trauma center patients injured while riding reported that although 48% had suffered head injuries, only 9% of these riders had been wearing helmets at the time of their accident. Other injuries involved the chest (54%), abdomen (22%) and extremities (17%). A German study reported that injuries in horse riding are rare compared to other sports, but when they occur they are severe. Specifically, they found that 40% of horse riding injuries were fractures, and only 15% were sprains. Furthermore, the study noted that in Germany, one quarter of all sport related fatalities are caused by horse riding. Most horse related injuries are a result of falling from a horse, which is the cause of 60–80% of all such reported injuries. Another common cause of injury is being kicked by a horse, which may cause skull fractures or severe trauma to the
96:
355:
1982:(NEISS) data performed by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association studied 78,279 horse-related injuries in 2007: "The most common injuries included fractures (28.5%); contusions/abrasions (28.3%); strain/sprain (14.5%); internal injury (8.1%); lacerations (5.7%); concussions (4.6%); dislocations (1.9%); and hematomas (1.2%). Most frequent injury sites are the lower trunk (19.6%); head (15.0%); upper trunk (13.4%); shoulder (8.2%); and wrist (6.8%). Within this study patients were treated and released (86.2%), were hospitalized (8.7%), were transferred (3.6%), left without being treated (0.8%), remained for observation (0.6%) and arrived at the hospital deceased (0.1%)."
53:
65:
5481:
1787:, each competitor is graded on everything including physical condition, campsite and horse management. Horsemanship also is considered, including how the rider handles the trail and how horse is handled and presented to the judge and vet throughout the ride. The horse is graded on performance, manners, etc. "Pulse and respiration" stops check the horse's recovery ability. The judges also set up obstacles along the trail and the horse and rider are graded on how well they perform as a team. The whole point is the partnership between the horse and rider.
2021:
913:
542:, takes place over a given, measured distance and the horses have an even start. Top level races are usually 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km), over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Limited distance rides of about 25–20 miles (40–32 km) are offered to newcomers. Variants include
5708:
1433:, also called "heading and heeling", is the only rodeo event where men and women riders may compete together. Two people capture and restrain a full-grown steer. One horse and rider, the "header", lassos a running steer's horns, while the other horse and rider, the "heeler", lassos the steer's two hind legs. Once the animal is captured, the riders face each other and lightly pull the steer between them, so that it loses its balance, thus in the real world allowing restraint for treatment.
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1037:
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1991:
working with horses. 15,000 of those admittances are from traumatic brain injuries. Of those, about 60 die each year from their brain injuries. Studies have found horseback riding to be more dangerous than several sports, including skiing, auto racing and football. Horseback riding has a higher hospital admittance rate per hours of riding than motorcycle racing, at 0.49 per thousand hours of riding and 0.14 accidents per thousand hours, respectively.
1439:– an easier form of calf roping where a very short lariat is used, tied lightly to the saddle horn with string and a flag. When the calf is roped, the horse stops, allowing the calf to run on, flagging the end of time when the string and flag breaks from the saddle. In the United States, this event is primarily for women of all ages and boys under 12, while in some nations where traditional calf roping is frowned upon, riders of both genders compete.
2209:
954:. It should also be able to canter or gallop with control while having a stride long enough to make a proper number of strides over a given distance between fences. Hunter classes differ from jumper classes, in which they are not timed, and equitation classes, in which the rider's performance is the focus. Hunter style is based on fox hunting, so jumps in the hunter division are usually more natural colors than the jumps in a jumper division.
1507:
1207:
1799:, a competition usually of 50 to 100 miles (160 km) or more, over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Additional awards are usually given to the best-conditioned horses who finish in the top 10.
1971:, a study of equestrians seen at one hospital over a 6-year period found that 81% were wearing a helmet at the time of injury, and that helmet use both increased over time and was correlated with a lower rate of admission. In the second half of the study period, of the equestrians seen at a hospital, only 14% were admitted. In contrast, a study of child equestrians seen at a hospital emergency department in
1423:, the horse stops and sets back on the rope while the cowboy dismounts, runs to the calf, throws it to the ground and ties three feet together. (If the horse throws the calf, the cowboy must lose time waiting for the calf to get back to its feet so that the cowboy can do the work. The job of the horse is to hold the calf steady on the rope) This activity is still practiced on modern working ranches for
1381:– Also known as "Bulldogging", this is a rodeo event where the rider jumps off his horse onto a steer and 'wrestles' it to the ground by grabbing it by the horns. This is probably the single most physically dangerous event in rodeo for the cowboy, who runs a high risk of jumping off a running horse head first and missing the steer or of having the thrown steer land on top of him, sometimes horns first.
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1765:, which comprises three phases – trail riding, with jumping and correct basic flatwork. Le Trec, which is very popular in Europe, tests the partnership's ability to cope with an all-day ride across varied terrain, route finding, negotiating natural obstacles and hazards, while considering the welfare of the horse, respecting the countryside and enjoying all it has to offer.
2136:, where in certain events, stakes can become very high. Despite its illegality in most competitions, these conditions of extreme competitiveness can lead to the use of performing-enhancing drugs and extreme training techniques, which can result in negative side effects for the horses' well-being. The races themselves have also proved dangerous to the horses – especially
1909:
equestrians had an incidence of any injury that was threefold over intermediates, fivefold over advanced equestrians, and nearly eightfold over professionals. Approximately 100 hours of experience are required to achieve a substantial decline in the risk of injury. The survey authors conclude that efforts to prevent equestrian injury should focus on novice equestrians.
2012:
eventing competitions. Also in 2011, the United States
Dressage Federation made helmet use in competition mandatory for all riders under 18 and all riders who are riding any test at Fourth Level and below. If a rider competing at Prix St. Georges and above is also riding a test at Fourth Level or below, he or she must also wear a helmet at all times while mounted.
1387:– usually an event for women or pre-teen girls and boys, a goat is staked out while a mounted rider runs to the goat, dismounts, grabs the goat, throws it to the ground and ties it in the same manner as a calf. This event was designed to teach smaller or younger riders the basics of calf roping without the more complex need to also lasso the animal.
1990:
Horseback riding is one of the most dangerous sports, especially in relation to head injury. Statistics from the United States, for example, indicate that about 30 million people ride horses annually. On average, about 67,000 people are admitted to the hospital each year from injuries sustained while
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competition. Both men and women compete in speed events at gymkhanas or O-Mok-Sees; however, at most professional, sanctioned rodeos, barrel racing is an exclusively women's sport. In a barrel race, horse and rider gallop around a cloverleaf pattern of barrels, making agile turns without knocking the
2011:
Many organizations mandate helmet use in competition or on show grounds, and rules have continually moved in the direction of requiring helmet use. In 2011, the United States
Equestrian Federation passed a rule making helmet use mandatory while mounted on competition grounds at U.S. nationally rated
1817:
is a sport where a horse and rider team travel a trail at speeds based the ideal conditions for the horse, with competitors seeking to ride closest to that perfect time. Hunter paces are usually held in a series. Hunter paces are usually a few miles long and covered mostly at a canter or gallop. The
2002:
Once a helmet has sustained an impact from falling, that part of the helmet is structurally weakened, even if no visible damage is present. Helmet manufacturers recommend that a helmet that has undergone impact from a fall be replaced immediately. In addition, helmets should be replaced every three
1998:
The use of riding helmets substantially decreases the likelihood and severity of head injuries. When a rider falls with a helmet, he or she is five times less likely to experience a traumatic brain injury than a rider who falls without a helmet. Helmets work by crushing on impact and extending the
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Animal rights groups are also primarily concerned that certain sports or training exercises may cause unnecessary pain or injuries to horse athletes. Some specific training or showing practices are so widely condemned that they have been made illegal at the national level and violations can incur
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abroad, a significant proportion of which are horses bred for racing. A boom in the number of foals bred has meant that there is not adequate resources to care for unwanted horses. Demand has increased for this massive breeding programme to be scaled back. Despite over 1000 foals being produced
1994:
Head injuries are especially traumatic in horseback riding. About two-thirds of all riders requiring hospitalization after a fall have sustained a traumatic brain injury. Falling from a horse without wearing a helmet is comparable to being struck by a car. Most falling deaths are caused by head
1959:
who were seen in a trauma center during a period of 5 years, 24 fell from horses and 11 were kicked by the horse. Injuries comprised: 18 torso; 11 head, face or neck; and 11 limb. The authors of this study recommend that helmets, face shields and body protectors be worn when riding or handling
1917:
The most common injury is falling from the horse, followed by being kicked, trampled and bitten. About 3 out of 4 injuries are due to falling, broadly defined. A broad definition of falling often includes being crushed and being thrown from the horse, but when reported separately each of these
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division would include classes over fences as well as "Hunter under Saddle" or "flat" classes (sometimes called "hack" classes), in which the horse is judged on its performance, manners and movement without having to jump. Hunters have a long, flat-kneed trot, sometimes called "daisy cutter"
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revealed that approximately 375 racehorses die yearly, with 30% of these either during or as a result of injuries from a race. The report also highlighted the increasing frequency of race-related illnesses, including bleeding lungs (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage) and gastric ulcers.
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visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year). A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington and Idaho estimated that at some time in their equestrian career one in five will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery or long-term disability. Among survey respondents, novice
2161:, soring is still widespread and difficult to eliminate. Some events themselves are also considered so abusive that they are banned in many countries. Among these are horse-tripping, a sport where riders chase and rope a loose-running horse by its front legs, throwing it to the ground.
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able to move quickly and unexpectedly. When mounted, the rider's head may be up to 4 m (13 ft) from the ground, and the horse may travel at a speed of up to 65 km/h (40 mph). The injuries observed range from very minor injuries to fatalities.
1285:, an internationally recognized competition where horses perform an arena-based "dressage" class where precision and control are emphasized, a cross-country "marathon" section that emphasizes fitness and endurance, and a "stadium" or "cones" obstacle course.
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comprises a timed event judged on the ability of the horse and rider to jump over a series of obstacles, in a given order and with the fewest refusals or knockdowns of portions of the obstacles. Show jumping is also one of the five events in the
2193:. On the composition of the obverse of this coin, the modern horseman is pictured as he jumps over an obstacle, while in the background the ancient horseman is inspired by a representation on a black-figure vase of the 5th century BC.
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Schneiders W, Rollow A, Rammelt S, Grass R, Holch M, Serra A, Richter S, Gruner EM, Schlag B, Roesner D, Zwipp H (April 2007). "Risk-inducing activities leading to injuries in a child and adolescent population of
Germany".
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is a competition seen primarily in the United
Kingdom, Australia and other nations influenced by British traditions, featuring horses of elegant appearance, with excellent way of going and self-carriage. A related event is
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Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Neuwirt H, Colleselli D, Pelzer A, Bartsch G, Strasser H, Gradl J, Pallwein L, Frauscher F (January 2008). "Do mountain bikers have a higher risk of scrotal disorders than on-road cyclists?".
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are held throughout the world with a tremendous variety of possible events, equipment, attire, and judging standards used. However, most forms of horse show competition can be broken into the following broad categories:
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Battaglia, C; Nappi, RE; Mancini, F; Cianciosi, A; Persico, N; Busacchi, P (February 2009). "Ultrasonographic and
Doppler findings of subclinical clitoral microtraumatisms in mountain bikers and horseback riders".
1979:
2028:
The idea that riding a horse astride could injure a woman's sex organs is a historic, but sometimes popular even today, misunderstanding or misconception, particularly that riding astride can damage the
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653:, trying to finish the course under the "optimum time". There was also the 'Steeple Chase' Phase, which is now excluded from most major competitions to bring them in line with the Olympic standard.
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horsemanship and management skills of the rider are also considered in the scoring, and periodic stops are required for veterinarians to check the vital signs and overall soundness of the horses.
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barrels over. In pole bending, horse and rider run the length of a line of six upright poles, turn sharply and weave through the poles, turn again and weave back, then return to the start.
1893:, an analysis of a national registry estimated the incidence of equestrian injury to be 21 per 100,000 person-years for farming and equestrian sports combined, and 160 times higher for
2157:
to make it pick up its feet higher. However, in spite of a federal law in the United States prohibiting this practice and routine inspections of horse shows by inspectors from the
2140:, which requires the horse to jump hurdles whilst galloping at full speed. This can result in injury or death to the horse, as well as the jockey. A study by animal welfare group
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was significantly more common in equestrians than in non-equestrians. The difference between these two groups was small, however, compared to differences reported between extreme
708:
Para-Equestrian
Dressage is conducted under the same rules as conventional Dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities.
3005:
Loder RT (August 2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention".
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By the 1930s and 1940s most horse riding had become occasional and leisurely or competitive rather than being the common method of transportation it had been for centuries before
1198:
may much flashier equipment. Saddles, bits and bridles are ornamented with substantial amounts of silver, rider clothing may have vivid colors and even rhinestones or sequins.
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Yim VW, Yeung JH, Mak PS, Graham CA, Lai PB, Rainer TH (January 2007). "Five year analysis of Jockey Club horse-related injuries presenting to a trauma centre in Hong Kong".
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that provides support to horse and rider when working long hours in the saddle. The western saddle features a prominent pommel topped by a horn (a knob used for dallying a
611:. However, due to recent controversy surrounding the safety of the horse and rider, show jumping is set to be removed from the modern pentathlon starting the 2028 Olympics.
600:
and obedience. Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose.
968:, described under "Olympic disciplines", above are all "English" riding disciplines that in North America sometimes are loosely classified within the "hunt seat" category.
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in 1900. By 1912, all three
Olympic disciplines still seen today were part of the games. The following forms of competition are recognized worldwide and are a part of the
3391:
Loder R (2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention".
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Bull Riding – though technically not an equestrian event, as the cowboys ride full-grown bulls instead of horses, skills similar to bareback bronc riding are required.
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competition are judged on the form of the horse, its manners and the smoothness of the course. A horse with good jumping form snaps its knees up and jumps with a good
3084:
Ball CG, Ball JE, Kirkpatrick AW, Mulloy RH (May 2007). "Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries".
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In spite of popular myth, most modern "broncs" are not in fact wild horses, but are more commonly spoiled riding horses or horses bred specifically as bucking stock.
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and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. There is some evidence that about 3,000 BC, near the
2177:, 66% of those bred for such a purpose were never entered into a race, and despite a life expectancy of 30 years, many are killed before their fifth birthday.
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1307:: Also called "Formal driving", Horses are hitched to a light four-wheeled cart and shown in a manner that emphasizes flashy action and dramatic performance.
930:" in contrast with western riding; elsewhere in the world, if a distinction is necessary, they are usually described as "classic riding": There is no horn.
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2092:) were well known to surgeons in the 19th century and early 20th century. Injuries from collision with the pommel of a saddle are mentioned specifically.
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riding, where the rider rides a modified western saddle without a horn (for safety) while holding onto a braided lead rope attached to the horse's halter.
1999:
length of time it takes the head to stop moving. Despite this, helmet usage rates in North
America are estimated to be between eight and twenty percent.
3257:
Lim J, Puttaswamy V, Gizzi M, Christie L, Croker W, Crowe P (August 2003). "Pattern of equestrian injuries presenting to a Sydney teaching hospital".
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Petridou E, Kedikoglou S, Belechri M, Ntouvelis E, Dessypris N, Trichopoulos D (March 2004). "The mosaic of equestrian-related injuries in Greece".
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Mayberry JC, Pearson TE, Wiger KJ, Diggs BS, Mullins RJ (March 2007). "Equestrian injury prevention efforts need more attention to novice riders".
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1793:, a jumping course that contains logs and natural obstacles mostly. The common clothes worn are usually brighter colors and less conservative.
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Roping includes a number of timed events that are based on the real-life tasks of a working cowboy, who often had to capture calves and adult
1111:
Finished western horses are asked to perform with a loose rein controlled by one hand. The headstall of a western bridle may utilize either a
289:
purposes both in specialized para-equestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development.
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253:(see additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at
1934:. Some possible injuries resulting from horse riding, with the percent indicating the amounts in relation to all injuries as reported by a
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2119:
5657:
3809:
Frauscher F, Klauser A, Stenzl A, Helweg G, Amort B, zur Nedden D (May 2001). "US findings in the scrotum of extreme mountain bikers".
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Craven JA (August 2008). "Paediatric and adolescent horse-related injuries: does the mechanism of injury justify a trauma response?".
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movement, a phrase suggesting a good hunter could slice daisies in a field when it reaches its stride out. The over fences classes in
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88:
1688:, events involving use of lances, swords and completion of obstacles. There are stand-alone competitions and also are often seen at
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competitions, where single or teams of horses and their drivers vie to determine who can pull the most weight for a short distance.
926:
In addition to the classical
Olympic events, the following forms of competition are seen. In North America they are referred to as "
4518:
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402:. The horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as
336:, also known as indoor arenas or schools, enable training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding.
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2185:
Horse riding events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek
2158:
1135:, a combination of a bosal and bit, called a "two-rein", is used at some stages of training. The standard western bridle lacks a
3930:
3042:
Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (May 2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a 10-year period".
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classes feature horses who are ridden on the flat (not jumped) and judged on manners, performance, movement, style and quality.
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Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a ten-year period".
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divisions have the least amount of animation (in some breeds, the horses are flat-shod) and the greatest emphasis on manners.
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Chitnavis JP, Gibbons CL, Hirigoyen M, Parry JL, Simpson AH (1996). "Accidents with horses: what has changed in 20 years?".
1301:: Horses and ponies are usually hitched to a light cart shown at a walk and two speeds of trot, with an emphasis on manners.
1167:" reins of the California tradition, which are closed reins with a long single attachment (the romal) that can be used as a
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1096:, and in some cases, both front and back cinches. The depth of the seat may depend on the activity, a deeper seat used for
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classes, where the horse is led by a handler on the ground and judged on conformation and suitability as a breeding animal.
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involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles. It is most common in the UK, where it is also called
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1194:. Riders may wear brighter colors or finer fabrics in competition than for work. In particular, horse show events such as
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1759:) – consists of three stages: following a precise route marked on a map, negotiation of obstacles and control of paces.
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Horse-Powered
Farming for the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Equipment, Methods, and Management for Organic Growers
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is a popular equestrian sport which is practiced in many nations around the world. It is inextricably associated with
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riders and non-riders, and also between mountain bike riders and on-road bicycle riders. Horse-riding injuries to the
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of 4 female mountain bike riders and 2 female horse riders found both patient-reported perineal pain and evidence of
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Nelson MA, Goldberg B, Harris SS, Landry GL, Orenstein DM, Risser WL (1992). "Horseback riding and head injuries".
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Carrillo EH, Varnagy D, Bragg SM, Levy J, Riordan K (2007). "Traumatic injuries associated with horseback riding".
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There are many other forms of equestrian activity and sports seen worldwide. There are both competitive events and
1881:, a search of state records found that equestrian sports had the third highest incidence of serious injury, after
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every four years and may hold their own individual World Championships in other years. The FEI also recognizes
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Handling, riding and driving horses have inherent risks. Horses are large prey animals with a well-developed
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978:, was created to show to best advantage the animated movement of high-stepping and gaited breeds such as the
742:, is a highly refined set of skills seldom used in competition but often seen in demonstration performances.
637:, puts together the obedience of dressage with the athletic ability of show jumping, the fitness demands the
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Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie. Supplement. Kongressband. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Kongress
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or else a "one ear" loop (sometimes two) that crosses in front of the horse's ear. Two styles of Western
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28:
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Worley GH (2010). "Promoting the use of equestrian helmets: another opportunity for injury prevention".
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that was buried there shows teeth wear consistent with using a bit. However, the most unequivocal early
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Northey G (September 2003). "Equestrian injuries in New Zealand, 1993–2001: knowledge and experience".
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divisions still emphasis animated action, but to a lesser degree, with manners ranking over animation.
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418:. Horses were brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with the second voyage of
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1718:, a sport where games are played in a relay-style with two to five members per team at very high speed
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Turgut AT, Kosar U, Kosar P, Karabulut A (July 2005). "Scrotal sonographic findings in equestrians".
2770:"Incidence of serious injury and death during sport and recreation activities in Victoria, Australia"
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2033:. Evidence of injury to any female sex organs is scant. In female high-level athletes, trauma to the
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or the horns of adult cattle, and the animal is secured in a fashion dictated by its size and age.
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Humans appear to have long expressed a desire to know which horse or horses were the fastest, and
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2331:"equestrian – definition of equestrian by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia"
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developed: The long split reins of the Texas tradition, which are completely separated, or the "
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For the 2012 Olympics, the Royal Mint has produced a 50p coin showing a horse jumping a fence.
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may also be shown saddle seat in the United States. There are usually three basic divisions.
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Horses continue to be used in public service, in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals),
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In men, sports-related injuries are among the major causes of testicular trauma. In a small
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Horse & Hound - 7 Things You Need to Know about the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art
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classes judge the movement and the form of horses suitable for work over fences. A typical
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phase. In the last-named, the horses jump over fixed obstacles, such as logs, stone walls,
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1779:, but shorter in length (25 – 35 miles (56 km), depending on class). Being a form of
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3427:"Traumatic Brain Injury in Equestrian Sport – Dr Chambless (2nd Helmet Safety Symposium)"
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1419:, also called "tie-down roping", is an event where a calf is roped around the neck by a
277:. There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks,
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2164:
Secondary effects of racing have also recently been uncovered. A 2006 investigation by
2061:
1401:
1244:
equipment designed to be pulled by animals. In many parts of the world they still pull
815:
739:
721:
597:
371:
170:
purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and
3909:
2834:
2746:
2557:
1897:
personnel. Other findings noted that helmets likely prevent traumatic brain injuries.
1058:
evolved from the cattle-working and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the
657:
The additional internationally sanctioned but non-Olympic disciplines governed by the
456:
on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a long history as well.
6067:
5912:
5537:
5435:
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5100:
4964:
4875:
4818:
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2801:
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2733:
2712:
2535:
2515:
2472:
2452:
2379:
2267:
2042:
1784:
1637:
974:, is a primarily American discipline, though has recently become somewhat popular in
608:
514:
395:
349:
3874:
3795:
3377:
3286:
2887:
2490:"Paris 1900 Olympic Games | Second of the Modern Olympic Games, France | Britannica"
1865:
of injury from riding a horse, compared to riding a bicycle, was 9 times higher for
5977:
5745:
5430:
5410:
5229:
5224:
5169:
5070:
5020:
5015:
4989:
4984:
4959:
4702:
4697:
4215:
4210:
3854:
3818:
3775:
3740:
3560:
3525:
3468:
3400:
3309:
3266:
3231:
3167:
3159:
3095:
3053:
3016:
2977:
2969:
2912:
2867:
2830:
2791:
2783:
2742:
2702:
2527:
2065:
1825:
1796:
1776:
1693:
1485:
1436:
1310:
1298:
1282:
1195:
666:
662:
650:
646:
539:
214:
171:
151:
3529:
3329:
3099:
3057:
2020:
1783:, the objective is not to finish in the least time. Instead, as in other forms of
5932:
5927:
5587:
5323:
5257:
5126:
5085:
5060:
5055:
5010:
4945:
4727:
4586:
4560:
4555:
4295:
4225:
4220:
3986:
3980:
3892:
3858:
3235:
2626:
2609:
1964:
1931:
1808:
1703:
1627:
1519:
1378:
1215:
1105:
1101:
951:
912:
882:
735:
697:
642:
589:
315:. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as
296:
274:
246:
155:
100:
3404:
3020:
2916:
6051:
6046:
5917:
5777:
5735:
5725:
5711:
5640:
5470:
5460:
5415:
4994:
4890:
4750:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4250:
4185:
4180:
4175:
2871:
2531:
2516:"A veterinary review of endurance riding as an international competitive sport"
2272:
2174:
2123:
1461:
1321:, only without actually racing, but rather focusing on manners and performance.
1318:
1081:
1065:, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the
1055:
1031:
927:
921:
525:
460:
have the pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed, but other breeds also race.
439:
403:
391:
300:
198:
194:
167:
3779:
3564:
2330:
390:
burials about 2500 BC present the most direct hard evidence of horses used as
6089:
6036:
5937:
5831:
5816:
5707:
5675:
5645:
5560:
5555:
5313:
5075:
5045:
4979:
4870:
4565:
4498:
4490:
4280:
2787:
2214:
2115:
2073:
1901:
1862:
1814:
1715:
1555:
1490:
1409:
1355:
1327:
driving, using somewhat larger two or four wheeled carriages, often restored
1268:
1233:
1148:
1097:
1074:
1048:
987:
570:
494:
367:
363:
1828:
in which teams of 3 (two humans and one horse) alternate running and riding.
6017:
5952:
5922:
5895:
5865:
5853:
5799:
5794:
5612:
5510:
5505:
5328:
5303:
5262:
5143:
5090:
5035:
5025:
4974:
4930:
4920:
4905:
4854:
4737:
4717:
4681:
4503:
4305:
4200:
3890:
3866:
3830:
3787:
3752:
3716:
3689:
3608:
3572:
3537:
3412:
3321:
3278:
3243:
3208:
3107:
3065:
3028:
2924:
2879:
2842:
2805:
2754:
2716:
2539:
2165:
2129:
2101:
2089:
2050:
1894:
1837:
1821:
1756:
1740:
1729:
1632:
1618:
1594:
1469:
1359:
1314:
1304:
1183:
991:
975:
961:
896:
704:, are also governed by the FEI and offer the following competition events:
686:
603:
543:
510:
457:
449:
435:
323:
270:
242:
230:
226:
187:
39:
5040:
3480:
3181:
3130:
2991:
2707:
2690:
1904:
each year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, resulting in 50,000
1448:
711:
Para-Equestrian Driving places competitors in grades based on their skill.
531:
Harness racing is also found throughout Europe, New Zealand and Australia.
505:
Both light and heavy breeds as well as ponies are raced in harness with a
5806:
5445:
5420:
5308:
5199:
5189:
5095:
5030:
4925:
4885:
4808:
4745:
4470:
4465:
4450:
4445:
4431:
4265:
3163:
2973:
2293:
2288:
2046:
1935:
1882:
1802:
1661:
1536:
1430:
1416:
1292:
1264:
1259:, horses can race in harness, pulling a very lightweight cart known as a
1112:
1085:
1036:
971:
947:
942:
938:
900:
885:
rather than ridden, but still judged on manners, performance and quality.
819:
480:
476:
411:
375:
333:
266:
257:
where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. Horses (and other
855:, refers to events where the rider is judged on form, style and ability.
182:
5972:
5880:
5811:
5772:
5750:
5515:
5209:
5153:
5065:
4849:
4648:
4513:
4480:
4332:
4327:
4260:
4205:
2232:
2169:
2141:
2069:
1886:
1866:
1735:
1665:
1599:
1571:
1563:
1384:
1278:
competition, the following general categories of competition are seen:
1275:
1187:
1152:
844:
836:
831:
750:
383:
304:
254:
104:
80:
57:
3630:"New Helmet Rules for Eventing and Dressage Passed at USEF Convention"
1331:, judged on the turnout/neatness or suitability of horse and carriage.
5989:
5967:
5957:
5767:
5440:
5365:
5288:
5194:
5184:
4954:
4935:
4707:
4475:
3843:
2208:
2153:
a practice of applying a caustic ointment just above the hooves of a
2081:
1968:
1780:
1772:
1724:, a team game played on horses, involves riders using a long-handled
1676:
1622:
1551:
1495:
1465:
1464:
riding, where the rider rides a bucking horse holding onto a leather
1156:
1144:
1124:
1013:
934:
682:
593:
4597:
592:) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of
6031:
6026:
6022:
5902:
5848:
5843:
5789:
5662:
5131:
5121:
4895:
4803:
4676:
4671:
4112:
4102:
2818:
2133:
2054:
2034:
1972:
1708:
1681:
1649:
1567:
1324:
1249:
1140:
1136:
1116:
1062:
965:
957:
788:
614:
585:
453:
386:
evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven.
379:
312:
285:
offer both guided and independent riding. Horses are also used for
218:
210:
206:
68:
1506:
1175:
competitors in timed events sometimes use a closed rein without a
483:
in the United Kingdom. In the US, horse racing is governed by the
5947:
5860:
5757:
5635:
5425:
4910:
4712:
4538:
4523:
2580:"Loss of horses a 'sad moment' for modern pentathlon, Davis says"
2077:
1858:
1653:
1328:
1132:
1093:
773:
670:
399:
387:
222:
108:
2638:
2122:, have been known to criticise some horse sports with claims of
1206:
414:. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the
6041:
5962:
5784:
5138:
4828:
4275:
4270:
3897:. Vol. 4. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company.
2085:
1927:
1890:
1834:, a distance horse race with diverse fence and ditch obstacles.
1725:
1559:
1397:
1229:
1221:
1182:
Western riders wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants or jeans,
1066:
769:
758:
754:
292:
282:
4123:
4063:
3729:
3458:
2057:; the relevance of these findings to horse riding is unknown.
2003:
to five years; specific recommendations vary by manufacturer.
1236:
in many different ways. For working purposes, they can pull a
475:
is the most popular form worldwide. In the UK, it is known as
394:. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of
5080:
5050:
4755:
4159:
4107:
3703:
Crepin G, Biserte J, Cosson M, Duchene F (October 2006). "".
3146:"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity"
2956:"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity"
2768:
Gabbe BJ, Finch CF, Cameron PA, Williamson OD (August 2005).
2105:
2030:
1874:
1870:
1840:, pleasure riding any breed horse, any style across the land.
1424:
1420:
1405:
1363:
1341:
1260:
1245:
1191:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1120:
1089:
1070:
1059:
803:
506:
407:
278:
258:
250:
202:
163:
118:
3891:
William Williams Keen; John Chalmers Da Costa, eds. (1908).
3808:
3121:
Dittmer H (1991). "The injury pattern in horseback riding".
2729:
1139:
and usually consists of a single set of reins attached to a
1044:
362:
Though there is controversy over the exact date horses were
265:) are used for non-competitive recreational riding, such as
5907:
5875:
4844:
4839:
3393:
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care
2767:
1721:
1657:
1541:
1532:
1511:
1241:
1237:
1225:
1160:
1080:
The most noticeable feature of western style riding is the
316:
262:
238:
4118:
3702:
3496:
3256:
2514:
Nagy, Annamaria; Dyson, Sue; Murray, Jane (18 June 2012).
5450:
4128:
3765:
3676:
Dhall A (1995). "Adolescence: myths and misconceptions".
3083:
2900:
1346:
Rodeo events include the following forms of competition:
745:
The world's leading Classical dressage programs include:
38:"Horseback" redirects here. For the back of a horse, see
4096:
2855:
554:
4091:
4086:
4055:
2691:"Spinal injuries resulting from horse riding accidents"
2168:
in the UK found that each year 6,000–10,000 horses are
1873:, but that riding a horse was less risky than riding a
1728:
to drive a ball on the ground into the opposing team's
1554:
with two hoops at the top is attached around a horse's
577:
at the Olympics. They are governed by the rules of the
1443:
1190:. A rider may wear protective leather leggings called
998:
divisions are for the horses with the highest action.
700:
competition at the international level, including the
358:
Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider
197:
and ridden for practical working purposes, such as in
2425:"Benefits of Training Your Horses in an Indoor Arena"
2006:
1755:, a form of orienteering on horses (but unrelated to
3492:
3490:
2204:
1580:, competition of timed pattern games, also known as
1574:
movements while the horse walks, trots, and canters.
1248:
for basic hauling and transportation. They may draw
569:
Equestrian events were first included in the modern
177:
2037:is rare and is associated with certain sports (see
1404:, medical treatment and other purposes. A lasso or
1104:or a more shallow seat for general ranch riding or
45:"Horsewoman" redirects here. For the painting, see
3886:
3884:
1621:, a type of cattle-working competition popular in
3515:
3487:
3370:"National economic impact of U.S. horse industry"
3221:
3041:
1918:mechanisms may be more common than being kicked.
1460:Bronc riding – there are two divisions in rodeo,
1313:: A horse show competition where exhibitors wear
524:The United States Trotting Association organizes
6087:
4023:"London 2012 50p Sports Collection – Equestrian"
2469:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship.
1252:at ceremonies, in parades or for tourist rides.
3881:
2554:"What is Dressage? – Dressage Academy Training"
2513:
2095:
1921:
1588:
1040:Western horsemanship attire and style of riding
5705:
4047:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
4005:"The slaughtered horses that shame our racing"
2263:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
1980:National Electronic Injury Surveillance System
1501:
1119:. Bitless headstalls are also seen, such as a
903:, where horses and riders must jump obstacles.
692:
579:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
565:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
487:. other light breeds are also raced worldwide.
5691:
5381:
4613:
4144:
3454:
3452:
2936:
2934:
1362:– the timed speed and agility events seen in
422:in 1493. Equestrianism was introduced in the
162:. This broad description includes the use of
3925:
3923:
3837:
3802:
3759:
3696:
3669:
3293:
3250:
3215:
3188:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3035:
2998:
2894:
2849:
2812:
2761:
2723:
2449:Horse: How the Horse has Shaped Civilization
2400:"Mounted Forces | The British Horse Society"
2285:for a description of urban riding traditions
2045:has been termed "horse riders' perineum". A
99:Equestrian tour on traditional local breed,
4064:Equestrian Federation of Australia web site
3998:
3996:
3994:
3956:"EQUUS Special Report: Why Soring Persists"
3344:"Human injuries related to horses analyzed"
3143:
3114:
2953:
2441:
2149:criminal penalties. The most well-known is
2120:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1295:performance competition is done in harness.
307:, and in other types of exhibition such as
133:
127:
121:
5698:
5684:
5388:
5374:
4620:
4606:
4151:
4137:
3449:
2931:
2688:
2422:
2180:
1732:while the opposing team defends their goal
138:, 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as
3920:
3299:
3194:
3171:
3120:
3072:
2981:
2940:"Most injuries result from falls (80%)",
2795:
2706:
2639:"Horse Show Apparel, Attire, Accessories"
2352:"equitación – Diccionario Inglés-Español"
1263:. At the other end of the spectrum, some
796:Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art
738:"high school"), an advanced component of
426:as an Olympic sport with jumping events.
75:, one of the "Big Four" most prestigious
4311:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
4097:The North American Trail Ride Conference
3991:
3367:
3004:
2662:
2019:
1505:
1447:
1210:A Welsh pony in fine harness competition
1205:
1127:on younger horses, or various styles of
1043:
1035:
911:
810:Other major classical teams include the
561:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
463:
353:
181:
94:
63:
51:
4002:
3675:
2159:United States Department of Agriculture
1912:
1746:
1510:Girls and their horses preparing for a
1317:and ride in a sulky in a style akin to
339:
154:), includes the disciplines of riding,
14:
6088:
5395:
3550:
2371:
2110:Organized welfare groups, such as the
2041:). The type of trauma associated with
1955:Among 36 members and employees of the
1643:
1479:
326:and volunteer mounted patrols and for
5679:
5369:
4627:
4601:
4132:
3390:
2471:Amigo Publications Inc; 1st edition.
1978:In the United States, an analysis of
555:International and Olympic disciplines
201:or for controlling herd animals on a
3894:Surgery, Its Principles and Practice
2663:Thompson, Helen (January 13, 2014).
2189:, minted in 2003 to commemorate the
677:. These disciplines are part of the
4081:Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan
4077:Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan
4053:United States Equestrian Federation
3656:United States Equestrian Federation
2577:
2258:United States Equestrian Federation
2112:Humane Society of the United States
1468:or rigging with only one hand, and
781:Portuguese School of Equestrian Art
73:Portuguese School of Equestrian Art
24:
4124:National Cutting Horse Association
4092:American Endurance Ride Conference
4061:Equestrian Federation of Australia
3847:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
3823:10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ma42427
3711:(7): 1479–91, discussion 1491–93.
3151:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2961:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2775:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2507:
2039:Pelvic floor#Clinical significance
2007:Rules on helmet use in competition
1452:Small herd of rough stock in Texas
25:
6127:
4461:Mountain and moorland pony breeds
4113:The American Vaulting Association
4087:United States Dressage Federation
4040:
3931:"Bred To Death: Background Notes"
3910:"Should steeplechases be banned?"
3768:Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine
3374:American Horse Council Foundation
2835:10.1097/01.TA.0000053470.38129.F4
2747:10.1097/01.ta.0000222584.48001.a0
2643:Hobby Horse Clothing Company, Inc
2283:Fletcher Street Urban Riding Club
2248:Equestrian at the Summer Olympics
2015:
1975:reported that 60% were admitted.
1948:Leg fracture or dislocation (15%)
1942:Arm fracture or dislocation (31%)
1869:and 5.6 times higher for younger
1025:
907:
689:as its two regional disciplines.
178:Overview of equestrian activities
5706:
5479:
4582:
4581:
4069:Equestrian Federation of Ireland
3745:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01124.x
3314:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01107.x
3271:10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02707.x
2299:Horsemanship of Ulysses S. Grant
2207:
1985:
1844:
1753:Competitive Mounted Orienteering
1698:Society for Creative Anachronism
1155:. Western bridles have either a
6083:Use of horses for sport or work
4015:
3974:
3948:
3902:
3723:
3644:
3622:
3601:
3579:
3544:
3518:The American Journal of Surgery
3509:
3419:
3384:
3361:
3336:
3137:
2947:
2859:Scandinavian Journal of Surgery
2682:
2656:
2631:
2614:
2597:
2571:
2546:
2187:Horse Riding commemorative coin
1775:held across terrain similar to
1525:
1427:, medical treatment, and so on.
1349:
429:
4003:Barnett, Antony (2006-10-06).
3733:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
3499:American Academy of Pediatrics
3302:Emergency Medicine Australasia
2482:
2461:
2416:
2392:
2365:
2344:
2323:
2312:
1092:after roping an animal), wide
825:
715:
13:
1:
4579:Lists of horse-related topics
3587:"Helmet Replacement Strategy"
3530:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007
3100:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.016
3058:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007
2942:Horse riding during pregnancy
2305:
2173:annually by the Thoroughbred
1652:, a sport originating on the
1607:Portuguese-style bullfighting
1584:in the western United States.
1408:is thrown over the head of a
33:Horse riding (disambiguation)
4691:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
4246:Glossary of equestrian terms
3933:. Animal Aid. Archived from
3859:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815c042f
3553:Journal of Emergency Nursing
3473:10.1016/0020-1383(95)00176-X
3431:Riders4Helmets Campaign News
3236:10.1016/j.injury.2006.08.026
2665:"14 Fun Facts About Broncos"
2378:. Chelsea Green Publishing.
2223:Glossary of equestrian terms
2096:Criticism of horses in sport
1922:Types and severity of injury
1660:, now the national sport of
1589:Horse sports that use cattle
1544:(Argentina's national sport)
1147:than the curb of an English
881:classes, where the horse is
513:dominates the sport in both
79:in the world, alongside the
7:
5235:Western riding (horse show)
4781:List of horse racing venues
3405:10.1097/ta.0b013e31817dac43
3087:American Journal of Surgery
3045:American Journal of Surgery
3021:10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43
2917:10.1097/ta.0b013e318031b5d4
2199:
2170:slaughtered for consumption
1570:on the horse, and performs
1502:Other equestrian activities
1255:As noted in "horse racing"
693:Para-equestrian disciplines
311:or ceremony, often pulling
10:
6132:
5601:Monkeys in Chinese culture
5246:breed-specific disciplines
4369:Ancient and Imperial China
4158:
4099:– Competitive Trail Riding
3144:R. G. Lloyd (March 1987).
2954:R. G. Lloyd (March 1987).
2872:10.1177/145749690709600115
2532:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.022
2243:Equestrian use of roadways
2099:
1612:Spanish-style bullfighting
1339:
1213:
1201:
1084:, which has a substantial
1029:
919:
829:
719:
679:FEI World Equestrian Games
558:
433:
346:Domestication of the horse
343:
44:
37:
26:
6060:
6010:
5718:
5488:
5477:
5403:
5350:List of historical horses
5342:
5281:
5243:
5152:
5109:
5003:
4944:
4863:
4796:
4771:Thoroughbred horse racing
4736:
4690:
4658:
4635:
4574:
4489:
4430:
4392:
4346:
4256:List of equestrian sports
4234:
4166:
4103:UK Endurance Horse Riding
3780:10.7863/jum.2005.24.7.911
3565:10.1016/j.jen.2010.01.007
2451:New York:BlueBridge 2006
2423:Structures (2023-03-27).
2228:List of equestrian sports
1558:. The horse also wears a
1444:"Rough Stock" competition
1391:
1143:that has somewhat longer
812:South African Lipizzaners
473:Thoroughbred horse racing
328:mounted search and rescue
186:Musicians riding horses,
5294:Competitive trail riding
4776:Films about horse racing
4119:Danish Riding Federation
4108:Ride and Tie Association
2788:10.1136/bjsm.2004.015750
2689:J R Silver (June 2002).
2429:Coastal Steel Structures
2372:Leslie, Stephen (2015).
1851:flight or fight instinct
1769:Competitive trail riding
1335:
869:Halter, in-hand breeding
205:. They are also used in
5466:Animal-assisted therapy
5117:Cowboy mounted shooting
3985:March 15, 2013, at the
3774:(7): 911–17, quiz 919.
2333:. Thefreedictionary.com
2278:Cowboy Mounted Shooting
2253:List of horse accidents
2181:Horse riding on coinage
2155:Tennessee Walking Horse
1690:historical reenactments
1672:Cowboy mounted shooting
1522:disciplines available.
895:refers broadly to both
726:Equestrianism in France
479:and is governed by the
89:Royal Andalusian School
5355:Women in equestrianism
5158:exhibition disciplines
4056:USEF Official web site
3705:Bull. Acad. Natl. Med.
3259:ANZ Journal of Surgery
2520:The Veterinary Journal
2447:Chamberlin, J. Edward
2025:
1515:
1453:
1211:
1133:Vaquero style training
1052:
1041:
917:
785:Queluz National Palace
359:
309:historical reenactment
190:
134:
128:
122:
111:
92:
61:
6116:Summer Olympic sports
6072:Winter Olympic sports
6000:Greco-Roman wrestling
5712:Summer Olympic sports
5205:Show hunter (British)
4814:Equestrian drill team
4115:– Equestrian Vaulting
4049:FEI official homepage
2708:10.1038/sj.sc.3101280
2542:– via Elsevier.
2023:
1957:Hong Kong Jockey Club
1791:Cross Country Jumping
1509:
1451:
1209:
1186:, and a wide-brimmed
1047:
1039:
915:
766:Spanish Riding School
639:cross-country jumping
546:and various forms of
528:in the United States.
464:Types of horse racing
357:
185:
98:
85:Spanish Riding School
67:
55:
47:Horsewoman (painting)
6011:Discretionary sports
5319:Mounted orienteering
5268:Icelandic equitation
5004:Working stock sports
3368:Deloitte, C (2005).
3164:10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22
2974:10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22
2669:Smithsonian Magazine
2625:May 1, 2013, at the
2608:May 8, 2013, at the
2467:Bennett, Deb (1998)
2191:2004 Summer Olympics
1913:Mechanisms of injury
1906:emergency department
1747:Cross-country sports
1129:mechanical hackamore
800:Jerez de la Frontera
509:or racing bike. The
424:1900 Summer Olympics
374:, people were using
340:History of horse use
144:Commonwealth English
27:For other uses, see
5995:Freestyle wrestling
5891:Rhythmic gymnastics
5886:Artistic gymnastics
5253:Camargue equitation
5175:Halter (horse show)
4970:Draft horse showing
4379:Indian subcontinent
3962:on 9 September 2014
3652:"2011 Rule Changes"
2354:. Wordreference.com
1879:Victoria, Australia
1785:judged trail riding
1644:Defined area sports
1548:Equestrian vaulting
1480:International rodeo
1289:Draft horse showing
980:American Saddlebred
847:, sometimes called
452:has ancient roots.
444:Parimutuel gambling
398:as light and heavy
56:A young rider at a
5397:Mammals in culture
5273:Working equitation
5220:Trail (horse show)
5165:Classical dressage
4881:Corrida de sortija
4412:American Civil War
4167:Equine science and
2494:www.britannica.com
2238:Classical dressage
2026:
1951:Chest injury (33%)
1861:reported that the
1516:
1454:
1212:
1053:
1042:
918:
816:Hollandsche Manege
740:Classical dressage
722:Classical dressage
360:
207:competitive sports
191:
112:
93:
62:
6106:Equestrian sports
6101:Individual sports
6080:
6079:
6068:Paralympic sports
5913:Modern pentathlon
5741:Marathon Swimming
5673:
5672:
5436:Laboratory animal
5363:
5362:
5180:Horse showmanship
5101:Working cow horse
4965:Chuckwagon racing
4876:Carrera de cintas
4864:Games with horses
4819:Escaramuza charra
4629:Equestrian sports
4595:
4594:
3632:. 27 January 2011
3008:Journal of Trauma
2904:Journal of Trauma
2822:Journal of Trauma
2734:Journal of Trauma
2385:978-1-60358-613-9
2268:Equestrian helmet
2068:study of 52 men,
2043:equestrian sports
1945:Head injury (21%)
1694:Renaissance Fairs
1638:Working cow horse
1566:. The vaulter is
1550:: In vaulting, a
635:the complete test
619:combined training
609:modern pentathlon
575:equestrian events
535:Distance racing:
350:Horses in warfare
172:competitive sport
16:(Redirected from
6123:
5978:Beach volleyball
5719:Mandatory sports
5710:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5677:
5676:
5483:
5431:Animals in sport
5411:Animal husbandry
5390:
5383:
5376:
5367:
5366:
5230:Western pleasure
5225:Western dressage
5170:English pleasure
5071:Jineteada gaucha
5021:Breakaway roping
5016:Australian rodeo
4985:Pleasure driving
4960:Carriage driving
4698:Combined driving
4622:
4615:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3989:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3958:. Archived from
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3927:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3433:. Archived from
3423:
3417:
3416:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3376:. Archived from
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2635:
2629:
2618:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2556:. Archived from
2550:
2544:
2543:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2316:
2217:
2212:
2211:
1938:study, include:
1826:endurance riding
1797:Endurance riding
1777:endurance riding
1486:Australian rodeo
1437:Breakaway roping
1299:Pleasure driving
1283:Combined driving
1196:Western pleasure
984:Tennessee Walker
916:A dressage rider
663:combined driving
540:Endurance riding
378:on horses, as a
215:endurance riding
152:American English
148:horseback riding
137:
131:
125:
101:Icelandic horses
77:riding academies
21:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6076:
6056:
6006:
5822:Mountain biking
5714:
5704:
5674:
5669:
5484:
5475:
5399:
5394:
5364:
5359:
5338:
5324:Pleasure riding
5277:
5258:Doma menorquina
5245:
5239:
5157:
5148:
5127:Mounted archery
5105:
5086:Steer wrestling
5061:Deporte de lazo
5011:Acoso y derribo
4999:
4940:
4859:
4792:
4732:
4728:Para-equestrian
4686:
4654:
4640:Main articles:
4631:
4626:
4596:
4591:
4570:
4485:
4426:
4407:Napoleonic Wars
4388:
4342:
4238:
4230:
4168:
4162:
4157:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4001:
3992:
3987:Wayback Machine
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3889:
3882:
3842:
3838:
3807:
3803:
3764:
3760:
3728:
3724:
3701:
3697:
3678:Health Millions
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3549:
3545:
3514:
3510:
3495:
3488:
3457:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3389:
3385:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3298:
3294:
3255:
3251:
3220:
3216:
3193:
3189:
3142:
3138:
3119:
3115:
3082:
3073:
3040:
3036:
3003:
2999:
2952:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2899:
2895:
2854:
2850:
2817:
2813:
2766:
2762:
2741:(4): 996–1003.
2728:
2724:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2627:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2610:Wayback Machine
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2578:Carroll, Rory.
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2466:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2183:
2118:groups such as
2108:
2098:
2053:changes in the
2018:
2009:
1988:
1965:New South Wales
1932:internal organs
1924:
1915:
1847:
1809:pleasure riding
1749:
1704:Mounted archery
1646:
1591:
1528:
1520:pleasure riding
1504:
1482:
1446:
1394:
1379:Steer wrestling
1352:
1344:
1338:
1218:
1216:Driving (horse)
1204:
1106:Steer wrestling
1034:
1028:
924:
910:
834:
828:
728:
720:Main articles:
718:
698:Para-equestrian
695:
627:three-day event
588:("training" in
567:
559:Main articles:
557:
466:
446:
434:Main articles:
432:
392:working animals
352:
344:Main articles:
342:
180:
50:
43:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6129:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5943:Sport climbing
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5680:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5641:Whale watching
5638:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5618:Spotted hyenas
5615:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5471:Working animal
5468:
5463:
5461:Service animal
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4995:Scurry driving
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:Equine agility
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4761:Point-to-point
4758:
4753:
4751:Harness racing
4748:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4301:Horse training
4298:
4293:
4291:Western riding
4288:
4286:English riding
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Horse industry
4248:
4242:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4072:– EFI web site
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4041:External links
4039:
4036:
4035:
4014:
3990:
3973:
3947:
3919:
3901:
3880:
3836:
3801:
3758:
3722:
3695:
3668:
3643:
3621:
3600:
3589:. 4 April 2011
3578:
3543:
3508:
3486:
3448:
3437:on 29 May 2015
3418:
3383:
3380:on 2010-02-03.
3360:
3335:
3292:
3249:
3214:
3203:(1182): U601.
3187:
3136:
3113:
3071:
3034:
2997:
2946:
2930:
2893:
2848:
2811:
2760:
2722:
2681:
2655:
2630:
2613:
2596:
2570:
2545:
2526:(3): 288–293.
2506:
2481:
2460:
2440:
2415:
2404:www.bhs.org.uk
2391:
2384:
2364:
2343:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2273:Mounting block
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2182:
2179:
2175:horse industry
2138:steeplechasing
2124:animal cruelty
2097:
2094:
2017:
2016:Riding astride
2014:
2008:
2005:
1987:
1984:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1766:
1760:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1545:
1539:
1527:
1524:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1462:bareback bronc
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1351:
1348:
1340:Main article:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1319:harness racing
1308:
1302:
1296:
1286:
1232:are driven in
1214:Main article:
1203:
1200:
1082:western saddle
1056:Western riding
1032:Western riding
1030:Main article:
1027:
1026:Western riding
1024:
1023:
1022:
1011:
969:
955:
928:English riding
922:English riding
920:Main article:
909:
908:English riding
906:
905:
904:
886:
876:
866:
859:Pleasure, flat
856:
849:seat and hands
830:Main article:
827:
824:
808:
807:
792:
777:
762:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
694:
691:
655:
654:
617:, also called
612:
601:
556:
553:
552:
551:
533:
532:
529:
526:harness racing
522:
499:
498:
491:Steeplechasing
488:
468:Under saddle:
465:
462:
440:Harness racing
431:
428:
404:transportation
384:archaeological
341:
338:
301:harness racing
179:
176:
166:for practical
71:riders of the
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6128:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Uses of boots
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Equestrianism
6094:
6093:
6091:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6037:Flag football
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5985:Weightlifting
5983:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5938:Skateboarding
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5832:Track cycling
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5817:Freestyle BMX
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5701:
5696:
5694:
5689:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Whale worship
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5561:Horse worship
5559:
5557:
5556:Horses in art
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Equestrianism
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Hunter pacing
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Cross-country
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Ranch sorting
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Chilean rodeo
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Horse pulling
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Ban'ei racing
4953:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:Barrel racing
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4662:disciplines,
4661:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:Equestrianism
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4588:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:Gaited horses
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4384:North America
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Domestication
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:Equestrianism
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4024:
4018:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3937:on 2013-05-10
3936:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3916:. 2000-04-17.
3915:
3911:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3887:
3885:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:(2): 427–31.
3816:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:(2): 464–68.
3738:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3707:(in French).
3706:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3631:
3625:
3610:
3604:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3559:(3): 263–64.
3558:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:(5): 702–04.
3523:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:(2): 103–05.
3466:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3399:(2): 447–60.
3398:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3350:. 5 July 2009
3349:
3345:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3308:(4): 357–62.
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:(8): 567–71.
3264:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:(1): 98–103.
3229:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:(5): 636–40.
3093:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:(5): 702–04.
3051:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:(2): 447–60.
3014:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:(3): 735–39.
2910:
2906:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:(3): 643–47.
2828:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:(8): 573–77.
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2701:(6): 264–71.
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2560:on 2021-03-08
2559:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2477:0-9658533-0-6
2474:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2457:0-9742405-9-1
2454:
2450:
2444:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:Horses portal
2210:
2205:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:animal rights
2113:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:mountain bike
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:Head injuries
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:United States
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:power boating
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:relative risk
1860:
1855:
1852:
1845:Health issues
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:is a form of
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:Hunter Pacing
1813:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:Mounted Games
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Skill at Arms
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Chilean rodeo
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Barrel racing
1354:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1269:horse pulling
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:barrel racing
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1075:American West
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1049:Cutting horse
1046:
1038:
1033:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
970:
967:
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
944:
940:
936:
933:
932:
931:
929:
923:
914:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
884:
880:
877:
874:
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
850:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
805:
801:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:
746:
743:
741:
737:
733:
727:
723:
710:
707:
706:
705:
703:
699:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
610:
605:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
583:
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:Olympic Games
566:
562:
549:
545:
541:
538:
537:
536:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
502:
496:
495:National Hunt
492:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
470:
469:
461:
459:
458:Thoroughbreds
455:
451:
445:
441:
437:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Dnieper River
365:
356:
351:
347:
337:
335:
331:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
281:, and public
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
189:
184:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
130:
124:
120:
116:
115:Equestrianism
110:
107:mountains of
106:
102:
97:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
59:
54:
48:
41:
34:
30:
19:
6064:
5953:Table tennis
5923:Rugby sevens
5896:Trampolining
5866:Field hockey
5854:Show jumping
5838:
5827:Road cycling
5800:Canoe sprint
5795:Canoe slalom
5613:Seal hunting
5511:Bear hunting
5506:Bear-baiting
5455:
5416:Draft animal
5329:Trail riding
5304:Field hunter
5282:Field sports
5263:Doma vaquera
5244:Regional and
5215:Stunt riding
5144:Pig sticking
5091:Team penning
5036:Campdrafting
5026:Bronc riding
4975:Fine harness
4931:Sinjska alka
4921:Pole bending
4906:Keyhole race
4855:Team chasing
4766:Steeplechase
4738:Horse racing
4718:Tent pegging
4682:Show jumping
4647:
4641:
4639:
4549:Winged horse
4544:White horses
4441:Horse breeds
4432:Horse breeds
4422:World War II
4306:Horse racing
4235:
4191:Conformation
4026:. Retrieved
4017:
4009:The Guardian
4008:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:the original
3950:
3939:. Retrieved
3935:the original
3913:
3904:
3899:pp. 598, 615
3893:
3853:(1): 49–54.
3850:
3846:
3839:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3684:(3): 35–38.
3681:
3677:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3655:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3581:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3502:
3498:
3464:
3460:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:the original
3430:
3421:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3378:the original
3373:
3363:
3352:. Retrieved
3348:TheHorse.com
3347:
3338:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3200:
3197:N. Z. Med. J
3196:
3190:
3158:(1): 22–24.
3155:
3149:
3139:
3122:
3116:
3091:
3085:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2968:(1): 22–24.
2965:
2959:
2949:
2944:, MS Rogers.
2941:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2866:(1): 79–82.
2863:
2857:
2851:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2779:
2773:
2763:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2642:
2633:
2616:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:the original
2548:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2498:. Retrieved
2496:. 2024-01-31
2493:
2484:
2468:
2463:
2448:
2443:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:
2418:
2407:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2374:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2346:
2335:. Retrieved
2325:
2314:
2195:
2184:
2166:The Observer
2163:
2150:
2147:
2130:Horse racing
2128:
2109:
2102:Horse racing
2090:blunt trauma
2059:
2051:sub-clinical
2027:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1977:
1962:
1954:
1925:
1916:
1899:
1895:horse racing
1883:motor sports
1856:
1848:
1838:Trail Riding
1832:Steeplechase
1822:Ride and Tie
1807:Hacking, or
1757:orienteering
1741:Tent pegging
1633:Team penning
1619:Campdrafting
1598:
1595:Bullfighting
1581:
1526:Arena sports
1517:
1470:saddle bronc
1455:
1395:
1360:pole bending
1350:Timed events
1345:
1315:racing silks
1305:Fine harness
1273:
1265:draft horses
1256:
1254:
1219:
1184:cowboy boots
1181:
1176:
1151:bridle or a
1110:
1102:cutting cows
1079:
1054:
1051:competition.
1019:riding horse
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
976:South Africa
962:show jumping
925:
897:show jumping
892:
888:
878:
873:conformation
872:
868:
863:under saddle
862:
858:
853:horsemanship
852:
848:
835:
809:
744:
731:
729:
696:
687:tent pegging
656:
634:
631:the Military
630:
626:
623:horse trials
622:
618:
604:Show jumping
568:
544:Ride and Tie
534:
511:Standardbred
501:In harness:
500:
467:
450:horse racing
447:
436:Horse racing
430:Horse racing
364:domesticated
361:
334:Riding halls
332:
321:
291:
271:trail riding
243:horse racing
231:tent pegging
227:show jumping
192:
188:Tang dynasty
147:
140:horse riding
139:
114:
113:
60:in Australia
40:Back (horse)
18:Horse-riding
5446:Pack animal
5421:Fur farming
5309:Fox hunting
5200:Show hunter
5190:Saddle seat
5096:Team roping
5031:Calf roping
4926:Potato race
4886:Dzhigitovka
4809:Cowboy polo
4797:Team sports
4786:by capacity
4746:Flat racing
4471:Stock horse
4466:Sport horse
4451:Feral horse
4446:Draft horse
4417:World War I
4364:Middle Ages
2695:Spinal Cord
2294:Jinba ittai
2289:Riding hall
2047:case series
1936:New Zealand
1867:adolescents
1857:A study in
1803:Fox hunting
1662:Afghanistan
1656:of central
1537:Cowboy polo
1431:Team roping
1417:Calf roping
1366:as well as
1293:draft horse
1267:compete in
1113:Snaffle bit
1086:saddle tree
972:Saddle seat
948:show hunter
943:show hunter
901:show hunter
893:Over Fences
837:Horse shows
826:Horse shows
820:Netherlands
732:haute école
716:Haute École
702:Paralympics
548:long riding
485:Jockey Club
481:Jockey Club
477:flat racing
412:agriculture
305:horse shows
287:therapeutic
267:fox hunting
255:horse shows
199:police work
193:Horses are
6090:Categories
5973:Volleyball
5881:Gymnastics
5839:Equestrian
5812:BMX racing
5773:Basketball
5751:Water polo
5606:Orangutans
5516:Teddy bear
5210:Sidesaddle
5154:Horse show
5066:Goat tying
4850:Polocrosse
4649:Equitation
4514:Hippomancy
4481:Wild horse
4333:Equitation
4328:Horse show
4261:Horse tack
4211:Management
4196:Coat color
4169:management
4079:Russian –
3941:2013-07-01
3354:2017-10-28
3125:: 466–69.
2564:2020-02-24
2500:2024-02-02
2434:2024-04-25
2409:2024-04-25
2358:2013-07-01
2337:2013-07-01
2306:References
2233:Sidesaddle
2142:Animal Aid
2100:See also:
2082:contusions
2070:varicocele
2062:controlled
1736:Polocrosse
1666:Kyrgyzstan
1564:side reins
1385:Goat tying
1276:horse show
1188:cowboy hat
1153:pelham bit
1004:Plantation
845:Equitation
832:Horse show
751:Cadre Noir
598:collection
521:varieties.
396:war horses
209:including
105:Skaftafell
87:, and the
81:Cadre Noir
58:horse show
29:Equestrian
6065:See also:
5990:Wrestling
5968:Triathlon
5958:Taekwondo
5768:Badminton
5763:Athletics
5573:Kangaroos
5543:Elephants
5441:Livestock
5289:Cavalcade
5195:Show hack
5185:Hunt seat
5041:Charrería
4936:Skijoring
4916:O-Mok-See
4708:Horseball
4703:Endurance
4561:Symbolism
4556:Sacrifice
4519:Mythology
4476:Warmblood
4434:and types
4402:East Asia
4354:Evolution
4316:medalists
4239:and sport
4226:Slaughter
4221:Valuation
4216:Nutrition
3811:Radiology
3505:(3): 512.
2589:23 August
2066:unblinded
1969:Australia
1781:pace race
1773:pace race
1677:Horseball
1623:Australia
1582:O-Mok-See
1572:gymnastic
1552:surcingle
1496:Charreada
1466:surcingle
1372:O-Mok-See
1250:carriages
1240:or other
1171:. Modern
1125:hackamore
1014:Show hack
935:Hunt seat
683:horseball
667:endurance
594:impulsion
372:Don River
313:carriages
295:are also
6047:Lacrosse
6027:Softball
6023:Baseball
6018:Breaking
5933:Shooting
5903:Handball
5871:Football
5849:Eventing
5844:Dressage
5790:Canoeing
5746:Swimming
5731:Artistic
5726:Aquatics
5663:Werewolf
5596:Gorillas
5592:Simians
5132:Yabusame
5122:Jousting
5110:Weaponry
4990:Roadster
4901:Gymkhana
4896:Er Enish
4824:Fantasia
4804:Buzkashi
4723:Vaulting
4677:Eventing
4672:Dressage
4587:Category
4186:Breeding
4181:Behavior
3983:Archived
3914:BBC News
3875:29581763
3867:18185039
3831:11323467
3796:44339283
3788:15972705
3753:19138367
3717:17450681
3690:12346860
3573:20457328
3538:18424291
3413:18695484
3322:18782209
3287:36834081
3279:12887517
3244:17049524
3209:14581953
3108:17434372
3066:18424291
3029:18695484
2925:17414356
2888:27349609
2880:17461318
2843:15128138
2806:16046347
2755:17426559
2717:12037707
2623:Archived
2606:Archived
2540:22819800
2479:, p. 151
2200:See also
2134:gambling
2055:clitoris
2035:perineum
1995:injury.
1973:Adelaide
1960:horses.
1871:children
1709:Yabusame
1682:Jousting
1650:Buzkashi
1578:Gymkhana
1425:branding
1402:branding
1368:gymkhana
1329:antiques
1325:Carriage
1311:Roadster
1220:Horses,
1157:browband
1149:Weymouth
1141:curb bit
1137:noseband
1117:curb bit
1094:stirrups
1063:settlers
1000:Pleasure
988:Arabians
982:and the
966:dressage
958:Eventing
814:and the
789:Portugal
675:vaulting
615:Eventing
586:Dressage
515:trotting
454:Gambling
420:Columbus
380:stallion
370:and the
261:such as
235:vaulting
219:eventing
211:dressage
160:vaulting
129:equestr-
123:equester
69:Lusitano
6032:Cricket
5948:Surfing
5928:Sailing
5861:Fencing
5807:Cycling
5758:Archery
5636:Whaling
5632:Whales
5628:Weasels
5568:Jaguars
5552:Horses
5528:Coyotes
5426:Hunting
5343:Related
5056:Cutting
4946:Driving
4911:Kyz kuu
4831:(cirit)
4713:Reining
4664:Olympic
4566:Worship
4539:Unicorn
4529:Chinese
4524:Centaur
4509:Fiction
4491:Culture
4394:Warfare
4374:Britain
4347:History
4338:Therapy
4296:Driving
4281:Harness
4176:Anatomy
4083:English
3609:"FAQ's"
3481:8730383
3182:3580722
3173:1478604
3131:1793946
2992:3580722
2983:1478604
2797:1725286
2674:July 2,
2584:Reuters
2151:soring,
2078:scrotum
1900:In the
1859:Germany
1763:Le Trec
1700:events.
1654:steppes
1628:Cutting
1600:rejoneo
1291:: Most
1234:harness
1230:donkeys
1202:Harness
1123:-style
1073:in the
1071:ranches
1060:Spanish
1008:Country
992:Morgans
952:bascule
889:Jumping
879:Harness
818:of the
774:Austria
671:reining
647:ditches
581:(FEI).
497:racing.
416:Ice Age
400:cavalry
388:Chariot
317:farming
283:stables
279:ranches
275:hacking
247:driving
223:reining
195:trained
168:working
156:driving
109:Iceland
6052:Squash
6042:Karate
5963:Tennis
5918:Rowing
5785:Boxing
5736:Diving
5658:Wolves
5623:Tigers
5578:Koalas
5404:Topics
5139:Pasola
4948:sports
4829:Jereed
4534:Nordic
4504:Burial
4321:venues
4276:Saddle
4271:Bridle
4201:Genome
4160:Horses
4028:31 May
3966:31 May
3873:
3865:
3829:
3794:
3786:
3751:
3715:
3688:
3661:31 May
3636:31 May
3614:31 May
3593:31 May
3571:
3536:
3479:
3461:Injury
3441:31 May
3411:
3330:963703
3328:
3320:
3285:
3277:
3242:
3224:Injury
3207:
3180:
3170:
3129:
3106:
3064:
3027:
2990:
2980:
2923:
2886:
2878:
2841:
2804:
2794:
2753:
2715:
2648:31 May
2538:
2475:
2455:
2382:
2114:, and
2086:testes
2084:) and
1928:Canada
1891:Greece
1726:mallet
1568:longed
1560:bridle
1556:barrel
1531:Arena
1421:lariat
1406:lariat
1398:cattle
1392:Roping
1246:wagons
1222:ponies
1145:shanks
1090:lariat
1067:cowboy
939:Hunter
883:driven
770:Vienna
759:France
755:Saumur
673:; and
625:, the
590:French
519:pacing
442:, and
324:police
297:driven
293:Horses
259:equids
249:, and
164:horses
158:, and
117:(from
83:, the
5651:Orcas
5583:Lions
5548:Foxes
5501:Bears
5489:Types
5081:Rodeo
5051:Coleo
4756:Palio
3871:S2CID
3792:S2CID
3326:S2CID
3283:S2CID
2884:S2CID
2106:Rodeo
2031:hymen
1889:. In
1877:. In
1875:moped
1562:with
1364:rodeo
1342:Rodeo
1336:Rodeo
1261:sulky
1257:above
1226:mules
1192:chaps
1177:romal
1173:rodeo
1169:quirt
1165:Romal
1161:reins
1131:. In
1121:bosal
804:Spain
661:are:
651:water
643:banks
507:sulky
408:trade
303:, at
273:, or
263:mules
251:rodeo
203:ranch
146:) or
135:equus
119:Latin
6070:and
5908:Judo
5876:Golf
5588:Pigs
5538:Deer
5533:Dogs
5523:Cats
5496:Bats
5334:TREC
4845:Polo
4840:Pato
4835:Mata
4206:Gait
4030:2015
3968:2015
3863:PMID
3827:PMID
3784:PMID
3749:PMID
3713:PMID
3686:PMID
3663:2015
3638:2015
3616:2015
3595:2015
3569:PMID
3534:PMID
3477:PMID
3443:2015
3409:PMID
3318:PMID
3275:PMID
3240:PMID
3205:PMID
3178:PMID
3127:PMID
3104:PMID
3062:PMID
3025:PMID
2988:PMID
2921:PMID
2876:PMID
2839:PMID
2802:PMID
2751:PMID
2713:PMID
2676:2024
2650:2015
2591:2024
2536:PMID
2473:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2104:and
2064:but
1885:and
1771:, a
1730:goal
1722:Polo
1696:and
1684:and
1664:and
1658:Asia
1542:Pato
1535:and
1533:polo
1514:game
1512:polo
1410:calf
1400:for
1358:and
1242:farm
1238:plow
1228:and
996:Park
990:and
964:and
899:and
794:The
779:The
764:The
749:The
730:The
724:and
685:and
649:and
563:and
517:and
410:and
376:bits
348:and
239:polo
31:and
5778:3x3
5451:Pet
5156:and
4660:FEI
4499:Art
4266:Bit
3855:doi
3819:doi
3815:219
3776:doi
3741:doi
3709:190
3561:doi
3526:doi
3522:195
3469:doi
3401:doi
3310:doi
3267:doi
3232:doi
3201:116
3168:PMC
3160:doi
3096:doi
3092:193
3054:doi
3050:195
3017:doi
2978:PMC
2970:doi
2913:doi
2868:doi
2831:doi
2792:PMC
2784:doi
2743:doi
2703:doi
2528:doi
2524:194
1963:In
1926:In
1370:or
1274:In
1115:or
1100:or
1069:on
1006:or
937:or
891:or
871:or
861:or
851:or
798:in
783:at
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