335:, to improve his obedience, and to strengthen his muscles in preparation for a rider. Work on the longe includes transitions between the walk, trot, and canter, and changes of tempo within the gait, and lasts 2–3 months before a rider is ever placed on the animal's back. After longeing, the horse is ridden in an arena on straight lines, to teach him to respond correctly to the rider's aids while mounted. The main goals during this time are to develop free forward movement in the ordinary (not collected or extended) gaits, with correct contact and on a long rein, and to begin to cultivate straightness. Additionally, the training should have improved the animal's strength and stamina to prepare him for the next stage.
161:
36:
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675:, or saddlecloths, under the saddle. Red is for "All Steps and Movements of the High School", "Pas de Deux", "On the Long Rein", "The Grand Solo" and "The School quadrille." Green is used for "Work In-Hand" and the "Airs above the Ground". The shabrack is also used to differentiate the status of each rider: the director of the school has three gold bands and gold fringe, the chief riders have three bands and no fringe, riders have two bands, and assistant riders have one.
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341:: ("campaign school") The horse is usually ready for the second stage after a year of riding in the first stage, although this time-frame is always adjusted to the individual horse. Young stallions are always placed with experienced riders during this second stage, to help prevent the development of bad habits due to incorrect work. During this time, he is taught
478:, some on short hand rein, some with a short longe. All carry the traditional white saddle of the school. Then one stallion is then worked "On the Long Rein", in which a fully trained Lipizzan performs all the movements it would be asked to do under saddle. In this section, the horse wears a red snaffle bridle and a red
309:. It is a common myth that the movements were developed to aid in battle; in fact, they were used to strengthen the war horse's body and mind and make him a supreme athlete, not to actually attack. All movements are based on those naturally performed by the horse when at liberty, with the exception of one-tempi
404:
horses for up to 3 years, to teach a balanced and independent seat. They are then allowed to control the animals themselves, under the eye of an experienced rider, until they can perform the high school movements. With intensive training, this will take 2–4 years. The rider is then allowed to train a
383:
and One-Tempi-Changes. Many of the exercises first taught in the
Campaign school are utilized in this phase, focusing on the quality of the work and using them to help teach the more difficult exercises. The stallions are then assessed to determine if they are suitable for the demanding "airs above
292:
Traditionally, Lipizzaners at the school have been trained and ridden wholly by men, although the
Spanish Riding School states that there has never been an official ban on women. In October 2008, two women, Sojourner Morrell, 18-year-old from the United Kingdom and
289:, and particularly from the military horsemanship of the post-medieval ages when knights attempted to retain their battlefield preeminence by shedding heavy armor and learning to maneuver quickly and with great complexity on a firearms-dominated battlefield.
371:) In this stage, the rider will gradually push the horse to perfection in straightness, contact, suppleness, collection, and impulsion, to produce improved gaits. Through this work, the horse will learn to perform some of the most difficult movements such as
436:. They demonstrate the first phase of training, in which the horse moves forward and accepts the aids. The next section is the "All Steps and Movements of the High School" where four fully trained stallions perform each of the movements seen in the Olympic
413:
Performances at the
Spanish Riding School were originally only presented to guests of the Court, and then when they were finally opened to the general population at the turn of the century, it was only for special occasions. However, after the fall of the
357:, with most of the work taking place at the trot. This phase requires the most time of the three, generally two-thirds of the total time it takes to produce the "finished" horse. Before the end of this phase, the stallions are introduced to the
349:, improve the natural paces, promote self-carriage, make the horse supple and flexible, and gradually develop the muscles of the horse. The horse will learn to bend correctly in the neck, body, and at the
184:. Performances take place in the Winter Riding School, built between 1729 and 1735. The Winter Riding School is a sunlight-flooded hall, mainly white with some beige and light grey, with a portrait of
421:
The original performances were quite short, with the chief riders presenting stallions in the High School movements, airs above the ground, work in-hand and exercises on the long rein, and then a
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used by the school when training the stallions and riders. Gold-plated double bridles are only used for performances. All horses, except the young stallions, wear red and gold or green and gold
227:, and is the oldest of its kind in the world. Records show that a wooden riding arena was first commissioned in 1565, but it wasn't until 1729 that Emperor Charles VI commissioned the architect
188:
above the royal box and opposite the entrance (to which the riders always salute before they ride), which measures 55 by 18 metres (180 by 59 ft) and is 17 metres (56 ft) in height.
327:: ("forward riding") This stage begins when the horse is first brought to the Spanish Riding School as a 4-year-old. The stallion is taught to be saddled and bridled, and is started on the
697:
Horses are clean and well groomed. The
Capriole horses wear a braided tail wrapped short in a "queue" (known elsewhere as a "mud tail"), which is fixed with a decorative tail bag (
164:
Lipizzaner horses returning to stables after training. The stables are located next to the
Spanish Riding School arena in Vienna, Austria, where the Lipizzaner stallions perform.
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as appropriate for his conformation. It is during this time that the majority of training takes place, and the horse learns to shorten and lengthen his gait and perform
384:
the ground," the final step in their training. Once they are chosen, the horses are taught their most-suitable school jump, first on the ground and then under saddle.
533:. The ride is performed to classical music. Lasting 20 minutes, the School Quadrille of the Spanish Riding School is the longest and most difficult in the world.
239:. For a time, the riding hall was used for various ceremonies, but it is now open to the public, who may witness the training and performances by the stallions.
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The young stallions are not exhibited in the same equipment as the more mature animals. They are ridden in a plain snaffle bridle and a simple dressage-style
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124:. The leading horses and riders of the school also periodically tour and perform worldwide. It is one of the "Big Four", the most prestigious classical
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444:, to demonstrate their high level of training. The "Pas De Deux" is then shown, with two horses demonstrating High School movements in mirror image.
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297:, 21-year-old from Austria, passed the entrance exam and were accepted to train as riders at the school – the first women to do so in 436 years.
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195:-Wetzdorf-Lower Austria. The 68 resident stallions are taken there in July and August for seven weeks, where they are kept in
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breed, which is used exclusively at the school. Today the horses delivered to the
Spanish Riding School are bred at the
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432:
The program today has expanded. It begins with the "Young
Stallions" which have recently arrived from the stud farm at
306:
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509:. The performance finishes with the "School Quadrille", consisting of 8 riders working in formation at the walk,
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The riding school was first named during the
Habsburg Monarchy in 1565, long before the French manege of
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in 1918, the school opened up regular performances to the general public to help pay for its upkeep.
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young stallion from unbroken up to High School, a process that usually takes 4–6 additional years.
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345:, and is ridden in turns and circles at all gaits. The main purpose of this phase is to develop
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462:, all in-hand. This demonstration includes work on the diagonal, on the wall and between the
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test, including the flying change, passage, pirouette, and piaffe. The horses are ridden in
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Horse & Hound – 7 Things You Need to Know about the
Portuguese School of Equestrian Art
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The
Spanish Riding School has antecedents in military traditions dating as far back as
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The next section is the "Work in Hand", to show how the horses are trained for the
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During performances, the fully trained stallions wear a traditional gold-plated
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Mini-documentary of the SRS during the 1950s, showing the horses in performance
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266:. One of the original studs used to develop the breed was Lipizza, now called
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used today. Prior to that time, the school operated from a wooden arena at the
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203:. The horses are not schooled during this period, but instead are
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The riders, too, are carefully schooled. They first work on the
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A young stallion on the way from training to the stable
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863:"Lippizaner school gets first graduates in 436 years"
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The Spanish Riding School also has summer stables in
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641:) has remained relatively unchanged for 200 years.
305:The methods used by the Riding School are based on
889:"Women ride Vienna dancing horses after 436 years"
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482:(saddlecloth) with the golden coat of arms of the
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808:
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609:All riders wear the traditional uniform: brown
425:(two horses in mirror image) and a four-rider
168:The Spanish Riding School is located between
100:institution dedicated to the preservation of
986:1572 establishments in the Habsburg monarchy
242:The Spanish Riding School was named for the
1026:Establishments in the Archduchy of Austria
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924:The Heldenberg – Lippizan Training Centre
779:Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art
981:Buildings and structures in Innere Stadt
813:The Complete Training of Horse and Rider
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667:and larger than the more commonly seen
991:16th-century establishments in Austria
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1011:Equestrian educational establishments
156:performing in the Winter Riding Hall.
278:, which gave its name to the breed.
246:that formed one of the bases of the
887:Zawadil, Alexandra (Oct 15, 2008).
134:Portuguese School of Equestrian Art
16:Traditional riding school in Vienna
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1001:Buildings and structures in Vienna
996:School buildings completed in 1735
769:Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre
633:are also part of the uniform. The
497:. Movements performed include the
307:François Robichon de la Gueriniere
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229:Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach
817:. Doubleday. p. 292 pages.
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682:. For training sessions, black
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429:would finish the performance.
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1006:Tourist attractions in Vienna
361:, to refine the rider's aids.
1021:Equestrian sports in Austria
919:Piber Federal Stud in Styria
694:, are used for all horses.
320:are taught in three stages:
254:located near the village of
128:in the world, alongside the
116:, whose performances in the
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659:They also carry a "school
625:, white suede gloves, and
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809:Podhajsky, Alois (1967).
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466:. All stallions wear a
416:Austro-Hungarian empire
138:Royal Andalusian School
94:Spanische Hofreitschule
27:Spanische Hofreitschule
663:", which is made from
627:black top riding boots
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207:in the nearby forest.
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152:Spanish Riding School
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976:Spanish Riding School
952:48.20750°N 16.36611°E
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589:Piaffe in the Pillars
491:Airs Above the Ground
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86:Spanish Riding School
20:Spanish Riding School
844:A History of Warfare
736:Maximilian Weyrother
639:1795–1820 in fashion
367:: ("high school" or
219:Winter Riding School
104:and the training of
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597:Dress and equipment
438:Grand Prix Dressage
231:to build the white
225:Antoine de Pluvinel
64:Chief Stable Master
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957:48.20750; 16.36611
774:Piber Federal Stud
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252:Piber Federal Stud
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186:Emperor Charles VI
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122:tourist attraction
102:classical dressage
77:http://www.srs.at/
68:Johannes Hamminger
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716:Ernst Lindenbauer
621:, white buckskin
355:lateral movements
331:to teach him the
295:Hannah Zeitlhofer
108:horses, based in
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867:meeja.com.au
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839:Keegan, John
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711:Ernst Hoyos
688:snaffle bit
652:, called a
646:breastplate
423:Pas de Deux
369:Haute Ecole
365:Hohe Schule
258:in western
237:Josefsplatz
233:riding hall
180:in central
176:inside the
174:Josefsplatz
154:Lipizzaners
120:are also a
970:Categories
943:16°21′58″E
940:48°12′27″N
873:2008-10-16
764:Cadre Noir
731:Georg Wahl
523:pirouettes
476:side reins
343:collection
274:in modern
193:Heldenberg
136:, and the
130:Cadre Noir
106:Lipizzaner
673:shabracks
637:uniform (
611:tailcoats
576:Courbette
527:half pass
507:courbette
460:courbette
427:Quadrille
373:pirouette
347:impulsion
318:stallions
841:(1993).
742:See also
665:buckskin
655:Goldzeug
623:breeches
562:Capriole
529:and the
503:capriole
495:stirrups
480:shabrack
472:cavesson
470:bridle,
456:capriole
400:on well-
394:stirrups
392:without
283:Xenophon
276:Slovenia
248:Lipizzan
201:paddocks
144:Location
98:Austrian
96:) is an
43:Location
1016:Hofburg
893:Reuters
686:, both
684:bridles
650:crupper
617:-style
615:bicorne
531:passage
517:, with
468:snaffle
464:pillars
402:trained
377:passage
311:changes
301:Methods
272:Trieste
270:, near
264:Austria
211:History
178:Hofburg
118:Hofburg
114:Austria
73:Website
54:Austria
821:
661:saddle
548:Levade
525:, the
515:canter
513:, and
499:levade
458:, and
452:levade
381:piaffe
268:Lipica
260:Styria
205:hacked
197:stalls
182:Vienna
132:, the
110:Vienna
90:German
50:Vienna
785:Notes
631:spurs
489:The "
434:Piber
398:reins
390:longe
329:longe
256:Piber
199:with
819:ISBN
648:and
619:hats
511:trot
505:and
396:and
351:poll
333:aids
316:The
172:and
84:The
701:).
285:in
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891:.
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847:.
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88:(
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