666:, immediately left for Britain with three hundred ships. Vortigern received them kindly, and gave them ample gifts. With their assistance, Vortigern defeated his enemies in every engagement. All the while Hengist continued inviting over yet more ships, adding to his numbers daily. Witnessing this, the Britons tried to get Vortigern to banish the Saxons, but on account of his wife he would not. Consequently, his subjects turned against him and took his son Vortimer for their king. The Saxons and the Britons, led by Vortimer, met in four battles. In the second, Horsa and Vortimer's brother, Catigern, slew one another. By the fourth battle, the Saxons had fled to Thanet, where Vortimer besieged them. When the Saxons could no longer bear the British onslaughts, they sent out Vortigern to ask his son to allow them safe passage back to Germany. While discussions were taking place, the Saxons boarded their ships and left, leaving their wives and children behind.
457:, records that, during the reign of Vortigern in Britain, three vessels that had been exiled from Germany arrived in Britain, commanded by Hengist and Horsa. The narrative then gives a genealogy of the two: Hengist and Horsa were sons of Guictglis, son of Guicta, son of Guechta, son of Vouden, son of Frealof, son of Fredulf, son of Finn, son of Foleguald, son of Geta. Geta was said to be the son of a god, yet "not of the omnipotent God and our Lord Jesus Christ", but rather "the offspring of one of their idols, and whom, blinded by some demon, they worshipped according to the custom of the heathen". In 447 AD Vortigern received Hengist and Horsa "as friends" and gave to the brothers the Isle of Thanet.
894:
468:", where "a number" of warriors were selected, and, with sixteen ships, the messengers returned. With the men came Hengist's beautiful daughter. Hengist prepared a feast, inviting Vortigern, Vortigern's officers, and Ceretic, his translator. Prior to the feast, Hengist enjoined his daughter to serve the guests plenty of wine and ale so that they would become drunk. At the feast Vortigern became enamored with her and promised Hengist whatever he liked in exchange for her betrothal. Hengist, having "consulted with the Elders who attended him of the Angle race", demanded Kent. Without the knowledge of the then-ruler of Kent, Vortigern agreed.
924:
977:
939:
1247:
867:
533:
879:
909:
436:
958:
3406:
1177:
58:
4630:
522:" and crying to God, the Britons drove the Saxons to the sea. Germanus then prayed for three days and nights at Vortigern's castle and fire fell from heaven and engulfed the castle. Vortigern, Hengist's daughter, Vortigern's other wives, and all other inhabitants burned to death. Potential alternate fates for Vortigern are provided. However, the Saxons continued to increase in numbers, and after Hengist died his son Ochta succeeded him.
4618:
577:), and ordered that the "tall strangers" be received peacefully and brought to him. When Vortigern saw the company, he immediately observed that the brothers "excelled all the rest both in nobility and in gracefulness of person". He asked what country they had come from and why they had come to his kingdom. Hengist ("whose years and wisdom entitled him to precedence") replied that they had left their homeland of
362:), and went on to defeat the Picts wherever they fought them. Hengist and Horsa sent word home to Germany describing "the worthlessness of the Britons, and the richness of the land" and asked for assistance. Their request was granted and support arrived. Afterward, more people arrived in Britain from "the three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes". The Saxons populated
681:(get your knives), the Saxons fell upon the unsuspecting Britons and massacred them, while Hengist held Vortigern by his cloak. 460 British barons and consuls were killed, as well as some Saxons whom the Britons beat to death with clubs and stones. Vortigern was held captive and threatened with death until he resigned control of Britain's chief cities to Hengist. Once free, he fled to
398:, deserted). The Worcester Chronicle (Chronicle D, compiled in the 11th century), and the Peterborough Chronicle (Chronicle E, compiled in the 12th century), include the detail that these forces were led by the brothers Hengist and Horsa, sons of Wihtgils, son of Witta, son of Wecta, son of Woden, but this information is not included in the A, B, C, or F versions.
1156:
Indo-European peoples. Furthermore, we witness the importance of the horse in Indo-European rituals and mythology. One of the most obvious examples is the recurrent depiction of twins such as the Indic Asvins "horsemen," the Greek horsemen Castor and Pollux, the legendary Anglo-Saxon settlers Horsa and
Hengist or the Irish twins of
743:
With the armies in formation, battle began between the
Britons and Saxons, both sides suffering "no small loss of blood". Eldol focused on attempting to find Hengist, but had no opportunity to fight him. "By the especial favour of God" the Britons took the upper hand, and the Saxons withdrew and made
633:. Hengist invited Vortigern to see his new castle and the newly arrived soldiers. A banquet took place in Thancastre, at which Vortigern drunkenly asked Hengist to let him marry Rowena. Horsa and the men all agreed that Hengist should allow the marriage, on the condition that Vortigern give him Kent.
507:
After a "short interval" Vortimer died and the Saxons became established, "assisted by foreign pagans". Hengist convened his forces and sent to
Vortigern an offer of peace. Vortigern accepted, and Hengist prepared a feast to bring together the British and Saxon leaders. However, he instructed his men
673:
The ambassadors informed
Vortigern that Hengist had only brought so many men because he did not know of Vortimer's death and feared further attacks from him. Now that there was no threat, Vortigern could choose from among the men the ones he wished to return to Germany. Vortigern was greatly pleased
669:
Rowena poisoned the victorious
Vortimer, and Vortigern returned to the throne. At his wife's request he invited Hengist back to Britain, but instructed him to bring only a small retinue. Hengist, knowing Vortimer to be dead, instead raised an army of 300,000 men. When Vortigern received word of the
644:
As I am your father, I claim the right of being your counsellor: do not therefore slight my advice, since it is to my countrymen you must owe the conquest of all your enemies. Let us invite over my son Octa, and his brother Ebissa, who are brave soldiers, and give them the countries that are in the
607:
Hengist bowed low in thanks, and made a further request, that he be made a consul or prince, as befitted his birth. Vortigern responded that it was not in his power to do this, reasoning that
Hengist was a foreign pagan and would not be accepted by the British lords. Hengist asked instead for leave
491:
engaged
Hengist and Horsa and their men in battle, drove them back to Thanet and there enclosed them and beset them on the western flank. The war waxed and waned; the Saxons repeatedly gained ground and were repeatedly driven back. Vortimer attacked the Saxons four times: first enclosing the Saxons
460:
After the Saxons had lived on Thanet for "some time" Vortigern promised them supplies of clothing and other provisions on condition that they assist him in fighting the enemies of his country. As the Saxons increased in number the
Britons became unable to keep their agreement, and so told them that
42:
720:
Hengist was struck by terror at the news of
Vortigern's death and fled with his army beyond the Humber. He took courage at the approach of Aurelius and selected the bravest among his men to defend him. Hengist told these chosen men not to be afraid of Aurelius, for he had brought less than 10,000
321:
records that the first chieftains among the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in
England were said to have been Hengist and Horsa. He relates that Horsa was killed in battle against the Britons and was thereafter buried in East Kent, where at the time of writing a monument still stood to him. According to
585:
Vortigern was aggrieved when he learned that the strangers were pagans, but nonetheless rejoiced at their arrival, since he was surrounded by enemies. He asked Hengist and Horsa if they would help him in his wars, offering them land and "other possessions". They accepted the offer, settled on an
471:
Hengist's daughter was given to Vortigern, who slept with her and deeply loved her. Hengist told Vortigern that he would now be both his father and adviser and that Vortigern would know no defeat with his counsel, "for the people of my country are strong, warlike, and robust". With Vortigern's
581:
to offer their services to Vortigern or some other prince, as part of a Saxon custom in which, when the country became overpopulated, able young men were chosen by lot to seek their fortunes in other lands. Hengist and Horsa were made generals over the exiles, as befitted their noble birth.
1155:
animal of the Indo-European sacrifice and ritual was probably the horse. We have already seen how its embedment in Proto-Indo-European society lies not just in its lexical reconstruction but also in the proliferation of personal names which contain "horse" as an element among the various
717:) would return to have their revenge and defeat the Saxons. They arrived the next day, and, after rallying the dispersed Britons, Aurelius was proclaimed king. Aurelius marched into Cambria and burned Vortigern alive in his tower, before setting his sights upon the Saxons.
740:, but had escaped when God threw him a stake to defend himself with, making him the only Briton present to survive. Meanwhile, Hengist was placing his troops into formation, giving directions, and walking through the lines of troops, "the more to spirit them up".
590:
with an immense army and attacked the northern parts of Vortigern's kingdom. In the ensuing battle "there was little occasion for the Britons to exert themselves, for the Saxons fought so bravely, that the enemy, formerly victorious, were speedily put to flight".
748:). Aurelius pursued them, killing or enslaving any Saxon he met on the way. Realizing Kaerconan would not hold against Aurelius, Hengist stopped outside the town and ordered his men to make a stand, "for he knew that his whole security now lay in his sword".
1206:, reasoning that the horse resembles Celtic Iron Age coins. As a result, advocates of a Saxon origin of the figure debated with those favouring an ancient British origin for three centuries after Aubrey's findings. In 1995, using
603:
king. He asked the king to allow him to send word to Saxony for more soldiers. Vortigern agreed, adding that Hengist could invite over whom he pleased and that "you shall have no refusal from me in whatever you shall desire".
831:
account of Germanic history, including the detail that Woden put three of his sons in charge of Saxony. The ruler of eastern Saxony was Veggdegg, one of whose sons was Vitrgils, the father of Vitta, the father of Hengist.
751:
Aurelius reached Hengist, and a "most furious" fight ensued, with the Saxons maintaining their ground despite heavy losses. They came close to winning before a detachment of horses from the Armorican Britons arrived. When
598:
for the subsistence of himself and his fellow-soldiers". A "man of experience and subtlety", Hengist told Vortigern that his enemies assailed him from every quarter, and that his subjects wished to depose him and make
670:
imminent arrival of the vast Saxon fleet, he resolved to fight them. Rowena alerted her father of this, who, after considering various strategies, resolved to make a show of peace and sent ambassadors to Vortigern.
1030:
Some scholars have proposed that the figure mentioned in both of these references is one and the same as the Hengist of the Hengist and Horsa accounts, though Horsa is not mentioned in either source. In his work
721:
Armorican Britons (the native Britons were hardly worth taking into account), while there were 200,000 Saxons. Hengist and his men advanced towards Aurelius in a field called Maisbeli (probably Ballifield, near
354:, which exists in nine manuscripts and fragments compiled from the 9th to the 12th centuries, records that in the year 449, Vortigern invited Hengist and Horsa to Britain to assist his forces in fighting the
1280:, proposed that one side of the seal feature Hengist and Horsa, "the Saxon chiefs from whom we claim the honor of being descended, and whose political principles and form of government we assumed".
1146:
comments on the great importance of the horse in Indo-European religion, as exemplified "most obviously" by various mythical brothers appearing in Indo-European legend, including Hengist and Horsa:
515:(get your knives) and his men massacred the unsuspecting Britons. However, they spared Vortigern, who ransomed himself by giving the Saxons Essex, Sussex, Middlesex and other unnamed districts.
856:
notes that these horse-head gables can still be seen today, and says that the horse-head gables confirm that Hengist and Horsa were originally considered mythological, horse-shaped beings.
797:
to be raised over his corpse, according to the custom of pagans. Octa and Eosa surrendered to Aurelius, who granted them the country bordering Scotland and made a firm covenant with them.
788:, in his power, hewed him in pieces, saying, As thy sword hath made women childless, so shall thy mother be childless among women. Do therefore the same to Hengist, who is a second Agag.
636:
Vortigern and Rowena were immediately married and Hengist received Kent. The king, though delighted with his new wife, incurred the hatred of his nobles and of his three sons.
771:
Three days after the battle, Aurelius called together a council of principal officers to decide what to do with Hengist. Eldol's brother Eldad, Bishop of Gloucester, said:
736:, told Aurelius that he greatly wished to meet Hengist in combat, noting that "one of the two of us should die before we parted". He explained that he had been at the
793:
Consequently, Eldol drew Hengist out of the city and cut off his head. Aurelius, "who showed moderation in all his conduct", arranged for him to be buried and for a
611:
After executing Vortigern's orders, Hengist took a bull's hide and made it into a single thong, which he used to encircle a carefully chosen rocky place (perhaps at
608:
to build a fortress on a piece of land small enough that it could be encircled by a leather thong. Vortigern granted this and ordered Hengist to invite more Saxons.
976:
1049:. Patrick Sims-Williams is more sceptical of the account, suggesting that Bede's Canterbury source, which he relied on for his account of Hengist and Horsa in the
1202:
to Hengist and Horsa, stating that "the White Horse was their Standard at the Conquest of Britain". However, he also ascribes the origins of the horse to the
480:
Islands. Hengist continued to send for more ships from his country, so that some islands where his people had previously dwelt are now free of inhabitants.
760:, arrived, Eldol knew the day was won and grabbed Hengist's helmet, dragging him into the British ranks. The Saxons fled. Hengist's son Octa retreated to
1027:
recites a composition summarizing the Finnsburg events, including information not provided in the fragment. Hengest is mentioned in lines 1082 and 1091.
4633:
1160:, born after she had completed a horse race. All of these attest the existence of Indo-European divine twins associated with or represented by horses.
1097:
425:
mentioning Hengist or Horsa, Hengist and Esc are recorded as having taken "immense booty" and the Britons having "fled from the English like fire".
266:, fitting a pattern elsewhere in Germanic languages where the original names of sacred animals are abandoned for adjectives; for example, the word
893:
2077:
1133:
3442:
2909:
1140:. Scholars have theorized that these divine twins in Indo-European cultures stem from divine twins in prehistoric Proto-Indo-European culture.
1119:
573:
or long galleys arrived in Kent, full of armed men and commanded by two brothers, Hengist and Horsa. Vortigern was then staying at Dorobernia (
1092:, whom he identifies with Castor and Pollux. Germanic legends mention various brothers as founding figures. The 1st- or 2nd-century historian
3496:
487:(by taking his own daughter for a wife and having a son by her) and had gone into hiding at the advice of his council. But at length his son
472:
approval, Hengist would send for his son and his brother to fight against the Scots and those who dwelt near the wall. Vortigern agreed and
629:
The messengers returned from Germany with eighteen ships full of the best soldiers they could get, as well as Hengist's beautiful daughter
313:
4726:
4576:
2656:
1231:
4621:
923:
3355:
2287:
Lyon, Bryce. " Change or Continuity: Writing since 1965 on English History before Edward of Caernarvon," in Richard Schlatter, ed.,
417:"and there slew four thousand men". The Britons left the land of Kent and fled to London. In 465 Hengest and Esc fought again at the
1384:, Hengist and Horsa are executed by Ambrosius; Hengist is given full Saxon funeral honours, cremated with his weapons on a pyre. In
1238:. Editor and translator Donald Ward, in his commentary on the tale, regards the identification as untenable on linguistic grounds.
2280:
Lyon, Bryce. "From Hengist and Horsa to Edward of Caernarvon: Recent writing on English history" in Elizabeth Chapin Furber, ed.
3801:
714:
3459:
3192:
594:
In gratitude Vortigern increased the rewards he had promised to the brothers. Hengist was given "large possessions of lands in
4666:
2583:
2442:
2419:
2331:
4681:
4531:
3791:
2524:
2509:
957:
710:
504:
died, and lastly "near the stone on the shore of the Gallic sea", where the Saxons were defeated and fled to their ships.
549:
142:). Horsa was killed fighting the Britons, but Hengist successfully conquered Kent, becoming the forefather of its kings.
878:
4526:
3435:
3386:
2902:
938:
4716:
2564:
2495:
2393:
2350:
2312:
2241:
2185:
2162:
2130:
2078:"Beginning of English History" Commemoration Stone - Pegwell Bay, Kent, UK - UK Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"
1517:
1207:
493:
464:
Vortigern allowed Hengist to send for more of his countrymen to come over to fight for him. Messengers were sent to "
93:
653:
and Alba. For they will hinder the inroads of the barbarians, and so you shall enjoy peace on the other side of the
866:
476:
and Ebissa arrived with 40 ships, sailed around the land of the Picts, conquered "many regions", and assaulted the
4691:
4671:
1273:
119:
says more about ninth-century attitudes to the past than about the time in which they are said to have existed.
4731:
4597:
2863:
2649:
2368:
1708:
1041:
argued that Hengist was a historical figure, and that Hengist came to Britain after the events recorded in the
4676:
3428:
3409:
2895:
677:
Before the meeting, Hengist ordered his soldiers to carry long daggers beneath their clothing. At the signal
2849:
161:
has theorized that this indicates Hengest/Hengist is the same person and originates as a historical person.
1426:, Germanic horse brother deities venerated by the Naharvali, a Germanic people described by Tacitus in 1 AD
1258:
Hengist and Horsa have appeared in a variety of media in the modern period. Written between 1616 and 1620,
983:
737:
216:
139:
4456:
4661:
4656:
4591:
3891:
3300:
3285:
1447:
1408:
Retinue of Hengist and Band of Horsa also make an appearance as for hire mercenaries in the popular game
729:
4736:
4696:
4581:
3315:
540:
2199:
776:
Though all should be unanimous for setting him at liberty, yet would I cut him to pieces. The prophet
4711:
3476:
2642:
2233:
930:
908:
2048:
421:, probably near Ebbsfleet, and slew twelve British leaders. In the year 473, the final entry in the
4571:
3260:
2665:
2616:
1367:, commemorating the landing of Hengest and Horsa at nearby Ebbsfleet 1500 years earlier in 449 AD.
852:
were referred to as "Hengst und Hors" (Low German for "stallion and mare") as late as around 1875.
31:
3706:
3616:
2556:
2434:
1700:
1375:
1354:
1110:
418:
111:
animal names, the seemingly constructed nature of their genealogy, and the unknowable quality of
2774:
674:
by these tidings, and arranged to meet Hengist on the first of May at the monastery of Ambrius.
145:
A figure named Hengest, possibly identifiable with the leader of British legend, appears in the
4706:
4701:
4515:
4306:
4301:
1390:
968:
900:
860:
comments that the horse heads may have been remnants of pagan religious practices in the area.
857:
35:
4721:
4686:
4346:
4251:
3796:
3147:
3133:
2548:
2154:
1294:
1264:
1196:
1181:
1171:
812:
350:
116:
17:
4461:
4451:
2701:
4256:
4081:
4006:
3881:
3806:
3676:
3651:
3576:
3451:
2918:
2829:
2056:
1285:
1074:
698:
600:
554:
518:
Germanus of Auxerre was acclaimed as commander of the British forces. By praying, singing "
198:
189:
4629:
2844:
2814:
8:
4482:
4361:
4061:
3946:
3816:
3811:
3701:
3181:
3161:
2804:
2714:
2505:
2466:
The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf, the Scôp or Gleeman's Tale, and The Fight at Finnesburg
2411:
1290:
1066:
1014:
1009:
497:
484:
406:
327:
147:
135:
3534:
4441:
4381:
4286:
4236:
3971:
3861:
3666:
3468:
3255:
2824:
2304:
2097:
1410:
1215:
1211:
845:
595:
448:
2535:(1993). "Fact or Fiction? The Written Evidence for the Fifth and Sixth Centuries AD".
107:
Modern scholarly consensus regards Hengist and Horsa as mythical figures, given their
4541:
4503:
4497:
4492:
4356:
4321:
4191:
4141:
3566:
3520:
3511:
3310:
3275:
3228:
2988:
2958:
2887:
2769:
2729:
2719:
2696:
2579:
2560:
2491:
2438:
2415:
2389:
2381:
2346:
2327:
2308:
2297:
2237:
2181:
2158:
2126:
1704:
1513:
1459:
1432:. Lithuanian brother horse deities, also used crossed, on top of cottage house roofs.
1337:
1077:
646:
359:
138:, but later they turned against him (British accounts have them betraying him in the
123:
2274:
The Saxon chronicle, with an English Translation and Notes, Critical and Explanatory
4603:
4341:
4316:
4076:
4021:
3996:
3621:
3335:
3199:
3090:
3065:
2809:
2799:
2779:
2724:
2482:
2473:
2385:
1985:
1826:
1508:
1395:
1363:
1329:
1321:
1277:
1259:
1246:
1234:, mythical first King of the Saxons, in their notes for legend number 413 of their
1123:
1038:
1033:
808:
663:
586:
agreement, and stayed with Vortigern at his court. Soon after, the Picts came from
440:
165:
158:
77:
2363:(1999). "The Scouring of the White Horse: Archaeology, Identity, and 'Heritage'".
2174:
International Warbirds: an Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft, 1914–2000
1817:
English, Mark (2014). "Maisbeli: A Place-Name Problem from Geoffrey of Monmouth".
1136:. In related Indo-European cultures, similar traditions are attested, such as the
4487:
4411:
4271:
4261:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4126:
4071:
4016:
3941:
3716:
3290:
3085:
3075:
3060:
2983:
2834:
2819:
2794:
2789:
2759:
2706:
2461:
2360:
2142:
A Translation of Walhalla's Inmates described by Lewis the First, King of Bavaria
1694:
1317:
1298:
1203:
1105:
702:
662:
Vortigern agreed. Upon receiving the invitation, Octa, Ebissa, and another lord,
255:
101:
532:
100:
in the 5th century. Tradition lists Hengist as the first of the Jutish kings of
4546:
4351:
4326:
4166:
4041:
3786:
3741:
3711:
3681:
3671:
3024:
2754:
2734:
1380:
1346:
1325:
1227:
127:
81:
46:
3527:
1056:
435:
27:
Legendary brothers said to have led the invasion of Britain in the 5th century
4650:
4376:
4231:
4086:
3876:
3505:
3360:
3186:
2764:
2532:
2487:
1385:
1143:
1128:
725:), intending to take the Britons by surprise, but Aurelius anticipated them.
375:
97:
2553:
Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People: A Historical Commentary
2115:
1830:
1444:, A number of Indo-European mythical brother deities, associated with horses
409:
and that Horsa died there. Hengist took control of the kingdom with his son
4566:
4371:
4241:
4176:
4171:
4046:
3484:
2691:
2686:
2626:
2403:
2122:
1441:
1423:
1313:
1089:
1062:
949:
853:
841:
508:
to conceal knives beneath their feet. At the right moment, Hengist shouted
473:
410:
108:
2839:
2749:
2744:
2282:
Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939
1429:
4586:
4436:
4391:
4366:
4186:
3961:
3841:
3601:
3556:
3205:
3175:
2784:
2739:
2251:
2195:
1453:
1371:
1358:
1199:
1192:
1093:
745:
391:
383:
181:
3095:
2968:
2289:
Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966
4196:
4001:
3991:
3851:
3846:
3831:
3826:
3631:
3606:
3581:
3561:
3420:
3215:
3210:
2477:
1302:
1176:
828:
819:
733:
578:
574:
570:
547:
In his sometimes described as "pseudo-historical" twelfth-century work
519:
62:
57:
3140:
1957:
volume 2, edited and translated by Donald Ward, Millington Books, 1981
115:'s sources. Their later detailed representation in texts such as the
4561:
4509:
4426:
4421:
4311:
4296:
4281:
4266:
4011:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3926:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3766:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3696:
3636:
3591:
3586:
3391:
3305:
3019:
2609:
2367:. Special Issue: New Perspectives in British Studies (Winter, 1999).
1402:
1370:
Though Hengist and Horsa are not referenced in the medieval tales of
1070:
765:
722:
639:
As his new father-in-law, Hengist made further demands of Vortigern:
620:
379:
296:
may be a pet form of a compound name with the first element "horse".
268:
131:
3080:
2943:
461:
their assistance was no longer needed and that they should go home.
122:
According to early sources, Hengist and Horsa arrived in Britain at
41:
4521:
4431:
4386:
4291:
4226:
4221:
4201:
4181:
4136:
4131:
4106:
4101:
3956:
3936:
3896:
3866:
3856:
3821:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3661:
3626:
3611:
3596:
3571:
3345:
3265:
2634:
2177:
1137:
1115:
1101:
964:
757:
706:
501:
488:
414:
323:
3350:
3280:
1251:
4556:
4551:
4416:
4406:
4396:
4336:
4276:
4216:
4116:
4111:
4096:
4091:
4066:
4056:
4051:
4026:
3966:
3951:
3656:
3641:
3295:
3221:
3154:
3116:
3039:
2276:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row.
1435:
1306:
1272:). On 6 July 1776, the first committee for the production of the
1085:
1019:
915:
885:
794:
753:
682:
612:
465:
454:
153:
3250:
2933:
811:, writing in the 13th century, briefly mentions Hengist in the
4536:
4477:
4401:
4331:
4211:
4206:
4156:
3931:
3921:
3871:
3836:
3781:
3756:
3721:
3646:
3551:
3325:
3055:
3034:
3009:
2953:
785:
777:
694:
654:
630:
477:
395:
387:
371:
367:
304:
169:
85:
2978:
4446:
4246:
3901:
3886:
3691:
3686:
3340:
3330:
3270:
3100:
3014:
2963:
2948:
2938:
2681:
1157:
1061:
Several sources attest that the Germanic peoples venerated a
945:
849:
650:
363:
355:
335:
331:
224:
207:
89:
2454:
The British History of Geoffrey of Monmouth: In Twelve Books
1374:, some modern Arthurian tales do link them. For example, in
1069:(c. 345 – c. 250 BC). Timaeus records that the Celts of the
4121:
4036:
3370:
3365:
3320:
3245:
3168:
2993:
2973:
2265:
Ethnic Identity and the Archaeology of the aduentus Saxonum
1057:
Germanic twin brothers and divine Indo-European horse twins
1024:
781:
761:
587:
511:
413:. In 457, Hengist and Esc fought against British forces in
405:
details that Hengist and Horsa fought against Vortigern at
318:
112:
3070:
2284:(Harvard University Press, 1966), pp 1–57; historiography
1309:, which honours distinguished figures of German history.
30:"Hengist" and "Horsa" redirect here. For other uses, see
1524:(based on lectures delivered just before and after WWII)
1450:, wider importance of horses in early Germanic cultures
1283:"Hengist and Horsus" appear as antagonists in the play
1065:. The earliest reference to this practice derives from
2917:
439:
Hengist and Horsa arriving in Britain, as depicted by
2223:. London: Printed for John and Arthur Arch, Cornhill.
1912:
164:
Hengist was historically said to have been buried at
2256:
World of Arthur: Facts and Fictions of the Dark Ages
2098:
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/51.3410/1.3366
1394:, Hengist plays a major role in the early career of
2230:
The Collected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers: 1938–1962
1960:
2296:
2114:
1921:
1679:
1677:
1268:features portrayals of both Hengist and Horsa (as
996:
525:
2504:
1289:, which was touted as a newly discovered work by
1276:convened. One of three members of the committee,
709:as children after Vortigern killed their brother
4648:
2875:Also monarch of Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Mercia
2343:Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography
1726:
557:adapted and greatly expanded the account in the
2547:
2428:
1939:
1876:
1846:
1837:
1789:
1771:
1753:
1744:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1214:Unit assigned the Uffington White Horse to the
2537:Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History
1978:
1869:
1867:
1803:
1801:
1548:
1414:by game developer Paradox Development Studio.
1398:, legendary founder of the kingdom of Wessex.
483:Vortigern had meanwhile incurred the wrath of
205:The original Old English word for a horse was
3436:
2903:
2650:
2022:
561:. Hengist and Horsa appear in books 6 and 8:
242:is derived from the Proto-Indo-European base
130:. For a time, they served as mercenaries for
2429:Taylor, Gary; Lavagnino, John, eds. (2007).
2378:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
2194:
1532:
1530:
1405:on the Isle of Thanet is named Hengist Way.
1293:in 1796, but was soon revealed as a hoax by
1210:dating, David Miles and Simon Palmer of the
306:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
230:which gave rise to the modern English words
2291:(Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 1–34, historiography
1864:
1855:
1798:
1780:
1762:
1735:
1717:
1472:
1118:migrated southward from Scandinavia led by
202:mean "stallion" and "horse", respectively.
4577:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
3443:
3429:
2910:
2896:
2657:
2643:
2171:
2112:
1936:Simek (2007:59–60) and Mallory (2005:135).
1930:
1566:
1557:
697:prophesied to Vortigern that the brothers
492:in Thanet, secondly fighting at the river
2004:
1629:
1620:
1602:
1593:
1539:
1527:
615:in Lindsey). Here he built the castle of
428:
322:Bede, Hengist and Horsa were the sons of
3450:
2451:
2359:
2340:
2267:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
1969:
1955:The German Legends of the Brothers Grimm
1894:
1885:
1490:
1320:took their names from the brothers: the
1245:
1175:
1165:
1053:, had confused two separate traditions.
531:
434:
358:. The brothers landed at Eopwinesfleot (
341:
56:
40:
3802:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
2472:
2294:
2262:
2250:
2208:Proceedings of the Philological Society
2148:
2139:
2031:
1903:
1816:
1505:
500:, where both Horsa and Vortigern's son
14:
4649:
4617:
3193:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
2872:Also monarch of East Anglia and Mercia
2460:
2271:
2046:
2013:
1692:
1647:
1638:
1611:
1584:
1575:
1254:, Germany, depicting Hengist and Horsa
197:
188:
3424:
2891:
2638:
2531:
2431:Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works
2402:
272:, meaning 'the brown one'. While the
4532:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
3792:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
2664:
2573:
2525:Viking Society for Northern Research
2375:
2321:
2227:
2218:
1481:
1132:that this migration was prompted by
1007:A Hengest appears in line 34 of the
835:
728:As they marched to meet the Saxons,
254:(the latter two are borrowings from
1918:Chickering Jr. (2006:111 and 1113).
1241:
982:An 1877 version of the logo of the
550:The History of the Kings of Britain
24:
4727:People whose existence is disputed
4527:List of legendary kings of Britain
2258:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2113:Chickering, Howell D. Jr. (2006).
1462:, sometimes linked to the Dioscuri
401:In the entry for the year 455 the
394:(leaving their original homeland,
246:, to run, which also gave rise to
25:
4748:
2594:
2047:Borges, Jorge Luis (1977-06-20).
1361:in Kent to dedicate the longship
1342:Hengist Quiere Hombres (449 A.D.)
1328:. The 20th-century American poet
1208:optically stimulated luminescence
4628:
4616:
3405:
3404:
2574:West, Martin Litchfield (2007).
2408:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
2117:Beowulf: A Dual-Language Edition
1438:, Vedic twin deities of medicine
1344:was published in translation in
1013:, which describes the legendary
975:
956:
937:
922:
907:
892:
884:Gable with crossed horse heads,
877:
865:
780:is my warrant, who, when he had
764:and his kinsman Eosa to Alclud (
2299:In Search of the Indo-Europeans
2090:
2070:
2040:
1948:
1810:
1686:
1297:. The pair have plaques in the
1274:Great Seal of the United States
527:History of the Kings of Britain
299:
4598:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
2369:University of California Press
2200:"On the Etymology of the word
2049:"Hengist Wants Men (449 A.D.)"
1966:Taylor. Lavagnino (2007:1148).
1696:A Brief History of King Arthur
1499:
1088:records the veneration of the
986:farmers' co-operative movement
645:northern parts of Britain, by
80:brothers said to have led the
13:
1:
2576:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
2549:Wallace-Hadrill, John Michael
2410:. Translated by Angela Hall.
2105:
1151:Some would maintain that the
800:
292:. It has been suggested that
4667:5th-century English monarchs
2341:Peterson, Merill D. (1970).
2272:Ingram, James Henry (1823).
2172:Frédriksen, John C. (2001).
1512:. George Allen & Unwin.
1126:records in his 12th-century
1063:divine pair of twin brothers
738:Treachery of the Long Knives
569:Geoffrey records that three
175:
140:Treachery of the Long Knives
7:
4682:British traditional history
4592:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
3892:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
2578:. Oxford University Press.
1927:Wallace-Hadrill (1993:215).
1448:Horses in Germanic paganism
1417:
1221:
1073:were especially devoted to
991:
872:Sketch of a farmhouse gable
485:Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre
453:, attributed to the Briton
10:
4753:
4582:Treason of the Long Knives
2468:. Oxford University Press.
2324:Silent Wings, Silent Death
2059:. New York, NY: Condé Nast
1945:Schwyzer (1999:45 and 56).
1169:
51:Pageant of British History
29:
4612:
4470:
4457:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
3544:
3495:
3477:Historia Regum Britanniae
3458:
3400:
3379:
3238:
3125:
3109:
3048:
3002:
2926:
2862:Existence uncertain (See
2858:
2672:
2623:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2234:Stanford University Press
2149:Faulkes, Anthony (1995).
1992:. University of Rochester
1187:In his 17th-century work
931:Buchholz in der Nordheide
688:
564:
65:'s 1611 "Saxon Heptarchy"
4717:Legendary English people
4572:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
3261:Early Germanic calendars
2452:Thompson, Aaron (1842).
2322:Nigl, Alfred J. (2007).
2140:Everill, George (1845).
1882:Thompson (1842:154–155).
1852:Thompson (1842:151–152).
1843:Thompson (1842:150–151).
1795:Thompson (1842:125–126).
1777:Thompson (1842:124–125).
1759:Thompson (1842:122–123).
1750:Thompson (1842:121–122).
1732:Thompson (1842:120–121).
1701:Constable & Robinson
1693:Ashley, Michael (2005).
1683:Thompson (1842:118–119).
1662:Thompson (1842:116–117).
1506:Tolkien, J.R.R. (1982).
1466:
1334:Ode to Hengist and Horsa
1230:identified Hengist with
817:, the first book of the
280:refer to the brother as
32:Hengist (disambiguation)
3707:Camber (legendary king)
3617:Augustine of Canterbury
2927:Gods and divine figures
2557:Oxford University Press
2435:Oxford University Press
2295:Mallory, J. P. (2005).
2263:Harland, James (2021).
2228:Hunt, Tim, ed. (1991).
2144:. Munich: George Franz.
1355:Prince Georg of Denmark
1332:composed a poem titled
1111:History of the Lombards
713:and their father, King
419:Battle of Wippedesfleot
4692:English heroic legends
4672:5th century in England
4516:Gesta Regum Britanniae
4307:Quintus Laberius Durus
4302:Publius Septimius Geta
2878:Also monarch of Wessex
2869:Also monarch of Mercia
2326:. Graphic Publishing.
2219:Gunn, William (1819).
1391:Conscience of the King
1255:
1184:
1163:
1100:as the leaders of the
1051:Ecclesiastical History
969:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
901:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
858:Martin Litchfield West
791:
660:
559:History of the Britons
544:
450:History of the Britons
444:
430:History of the Britons
374:; the Jutes Kent, the
314:Ecclesiastical History
286:History of the Britons
274:Ecclesiastical History
66:
54:
36:Horsa (disambiguation)
4732:Legendary progenitors
4252:Oswald of Northumbria
3797:Constantine the Great
3148:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
3134:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2506:Turville-Petre, J. E.
2456:. London: James Bohn.
2028:Frédriksen (2001:14).
1831:10.1093/notesj/gjt236
1478:Halsall (2013:60-62).
1295:William Henry Ireland
1265:Hengist, King of Kent
1249:
1197:Uffington White Horse
1182:Uffington White Horse
1179:
1172:Uffington White Horse
1166:Uffington White Horse
1148:
773:
641:
535:
438:
351:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
343:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
278:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
117:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
60:
44:
4677:Anglo-Saxon warriors
4257:Oswiu of Northumbria
4082:Julius Asclepiodotus
4007:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
3882:Edwin of Northumbria
3807:Constantine (Briton)
3677:Budic II of Brittany
3652:Bledric ap Custennin
3577:Ambrosius Aurelianus
3452:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3380:Modern pagan revival
3356:Wetlands and islands
3206:Old English language
2919:Anglo-Saxon paganism
1873:Thompson (1842:154).
1861:Thompson (1842:153).
1807:Thompson (1842:149).
1786:Thompson (1842:125).
1768:Thompson (1842:123).
1741:Thompson (1842:121).
1723:Thompson (1842:119).
1572:Ingram (1823:15-16).
1563:Ingram (1823:13-14).
1286:Vortigern and Rowena
1189:Monumenta Britannica
1075:what he describes as
555:Geoffrey of Monmouth
537:Vortigern and Rowena
496:, the third time at
262:eventually replaced
4483:Battle of Arfderydd
4362:Silvius (mythology)
4062:Ingenius of Britain
3947:Gogmagog (folklore)
3817:Cordelia of Britain
3812:Constantius Chlorus
3702:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
3239:Society and culture
3182:Finnesburg Fragment
3162:De temporum ratione
2510:"Hengest and Horsa"
2305:Thames & Hudson
1990:The Camelot Project
1975:Peterson (1970:98).
1819:Notes & Queries
1671:Thompson (117–118).
1545:Tolkien (2006:173).
1536:Mallory (2005:135).
1291:William Shakespeare
1096:cites the brothers
1043:Finnesburg Fragment
1015:Battle of Finnsburg
1010:Finnesburg Fragment
998:Finnesburg Fragment
311:In his 8th-century
288:his name is simply
217:Proto-Indo-European
190:[ˈhendʒest]
148:Finnesburg Fragment
136:King of the Britons
4662:5th-century deaths
4657:5th-century births
4462:Œthelwald of Deira
4452:Æthelberht of Kent
4442:Wulfhere of Mercia
4382:Son of Gorbonianus
4287:Pir of the Britons
4237:Nennius of Britain
3972:Gracianus Municeps
3862:Dunvallo Molmutius
3667:Brutus Greenshield
3469:Prophetiae Merlini
2221:Historia Brittonum
2010:Everill (1845:12).
1635:Gunn (1819:31–32).
1626:Gunn (1819:30–31).
1608:Gunn (1819:23–24).
1599:Gunn (1819:22–23).
1496:Harland (2021:32).
1456:, a heraldic motif
1411:Crusader Kings III
1256:
1212:Oxford Archaeology
1185:
1129:Deeds of the Danes
846:Schleswig-Holstein
699:Aurelius Ambrosius
626:: "thong castle."
601:Aurelius Ambrosius
545:
445:
67:
55:
4737:Castor and Pollux
4697:Founding monarchs
4644:
4643:
4542:Matter of Britain
4504:Brut y Tywysogion
4498:Battle of Guoloph
4493:Battle of Camlann
4357:Septimius Severus
4322:Regan (King Lear)
4192:Marius of Britain
4142:Lucius of Britain
4032:Hengist and Horsa
3567:Alhfrith of Deira
3521:Brut y Brenhinedd
3418:
3417:
3276:Germanic paganism
3030:Hengist and Horsa
2989:Wayland the Smith
2885:
2884:
2815:Eadberht III Præn
2633:
2632:
2624:Succeeded by
2585:978-0-19-928075-9
2474:Tolkien, J. R. R.
2444:978-0-19-922588-0
2421:978-0-85991-513-7
2382:Leo Sherley-Price
2371:. pp. 42–62.
2333:978-1-882824-31-1
1900:Simek (2007:139).
1891:Faulkes (1995:4).
1460:Thracian horseman
1338:Jorge Luis Borges
1078:Castor and Pollux
840:On farmhouses in
836:Horse-head gables
705:(who had fled to
382:; and the Angles
215:derives from the
199:[ˈhorˠzɑ]
94:supposed invasion
16:(Redirected from
4744:
4712:Kentish monarchs
4635:Wikisource texts
4632:
4620:
4619:
4604:Walter of Oxford
4342:Rud Hud Hudibras
4317:Redon of Britain
4077:Julius and Aaron
4022:Helena (empress)
3997:Gurguit Barbtruc
3622:Aurelius Conanus
3445:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3408:
3407:
3200:Nine Herbs Charm
2912:
2905:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2666:Monarchs of Kent
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2607:Preceded by
2599:
2598:
2589:
2570:
2544:
2528:
2514:
2501:
2483:Finn and Hengest
2469:
2462:Thorpe, Benjamin
2457:
2448:
2425:
2399:
2386:Penguin Classics
2380:. Translated by
2372:
2361:Schwyzer, Philip
2356:
2337:
2318:
2302:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2247:
2224:
2215:
2191:
2168:
2145:
2136:
2120:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2055:. Translated by
2044:
2038:
2037:Hunt (1991:423).
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:West (2007:190).
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1509:Finn and Hengest
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1330:Robinson Jeffers
1322:Slingsby Hengist
1318:military gliders
1278:Thomas Jefferson
1260:Thomas Middleton
1250:Coat of arms of
1242:Modern influence
1124:Saxo Grammaticus
1039:J. R. R. Tolkien
1034:Finn and Hengest
979:
963:Coat of arms of
960:
944:Coat of arms of
941:
929:Coat of arms of
926:
911:
896:
881:
869:
809:Snorri Sturluson
679:Nemet oure Saxas
541:William Hamilton
447:The 9th century
441:Richard Rowlands
201:
192:
166:Hengistbury Head
159:J. R. R. Tolkien
45:The brothers in
21:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4608:
4488:Battle of Badon
4466:
4412:Uther Pendragon
4272:Penda of Mercia
4262:Owain mab Urien
4162:Maelgwn Gwynedd
4152:Lud son of Heli
4147:Lucius Tiberius
4127:Leir of Britain
4072:Jago of Britain
4017:Queen Gwendolen
3942:Goffar the Pict
3717:Capetus Silvius
3540:
3491:
3454:
3449:
3419:
3414:
3396:
3375:
3301:Metrical charms
3234:
3121:
3105:
3044:
2998:
2922:
2916:
2886:
2881:
2854:
2668:
2663:
2629:
2620:
2612:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2567:
2512:
2498:
2445:
2422:
2396:
2365:Representations
2353:
2345:. Sourcebooks.
2334:
2315:
2244:
2188:
2165:
2133:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:Nigl (2007:19).
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:Gunn (1819:34).
1652:
1648:
1644:Gunn (1819:33).
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:Gunn (1819:29).
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:Gunn (1819:22).
1589:
1585:
1581:Gunn (1819:18).
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:Bede (1990:63).
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1420:
1299:Walhalla Temple
1244:
1224:
1204:Ancient Britons
1174:
1168:
1108:'s 8th-century
1106:Paul the Deacon
1104:. According to
1098:Raos and Raptos
1059:
1005:
994:
987:
980:
971:
961:
952:
942:
933:
927:
918:
912:
903:
897:
888:
882:
873:
870:
838:
805:
744:for Kaerconan (
703:Uther Pendragon
691:
567:
530:
433:
346:
309:
302:
178:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4750:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Molmutine Laws
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4512:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4352:Sawyl Penuchel
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4327:Rhydderch Hael
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Magnus Maximus
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Humber the Hun
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Conan Meriadoc
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Cassivellaunus
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3712:Cap of Britain
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:Cadfan ap Iago
3679:
3674:
3672:Brutus of Troy
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Dwarf (Dweorh)
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3003:Heroic figures
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2602:Regnal titles
2596:
2595:External links
2593:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2571:
2565:
2545:
2533:Yorke, Barbara
2529:
2502:
2496:
2470:
2458:
2449:
2443:
2426:
2420:
2400:
2394:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2319:
2313:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2248:
2242:
2225:
2216:
2192:
2186:
2169:
2163:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:OpenStreetMap
2089:
2069:
2057:Reid, Alastair
2053:The New Yorker
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1809:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1709:
1685:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1526:
1518:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1396:Cerdic Elesing
1381:Merlin Trilogy
1347:The New Yorker
1326:Airspeed Horsa
1316:, two British
1243:
1240:
1236:German Legends
1228:Brothers Grimm
1223:
1220:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1080:. In his work
1058:
1055:
1004:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
981:
974:
972:
962:
955:
953:
943:
936:
934:
928:
921:
919:
913:
906:
904:
898:
891:
889:
883:
876:
874:
871:
864:
837:
834:
807:The Icelander
804:
799:
790:
789:
690:
687:
659:
658:
566:
563:
529:
524:
432:
427:
378:, and part of
345:
340:
308:
303:
301:
298:
177:
174:
128:Isle of Thanet
47:Edward Parrott
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4749:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Kent folklore
4705:
4703:
4702:Jutish people
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:Sisillius III
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Myrddin Wyllt
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Julius Caesar
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Edern ap Nudd
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3506:Roman de Brut
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Wilweorthunga
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:Franks Casket
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:and mythology
2920:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2600:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2566:0-19-822174-6
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2497:0-261-10355-5
2493:
2489:
2488:HarperCollins
2485:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:Simek, Rudolf
2401:
2397:
2395:0-14-044565-X
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:Bede (1990).
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2352:0-19-501909-1
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2314:0-500-27616-1
2310:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2243:0-8047-1847-4
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:1-57607-364-5
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2164:0-460-87616-3
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2132:1-4000-9622-7
2128:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1996:September 16,
1991:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1521:
1519:0-0482-9003-3
1515:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1487:Yorke (1993).
1484:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:Alfred Duggan
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:ascribes the
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1144:J. P. Mallory
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:Aggi and Ebbi
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1003:
999:
985:
978:
973:
970:
966:
959:
954:
951:
947:
940:
935:
932:
925:
920:
917:
910:
905:
902:
895:
890:
887:
880:
875:
868:
863:
862:
861:
859:
855:
851:
848:, horse-head
847:
843:
833:
830:
826:
822:
821:
816:
815:
810:
803:
798:
796:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
772:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
747:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
686:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
665:
656:
652:
648:
643:
642:
640:
637:
634:
632:
627:
625:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
602:
597:
592:
589:
583:
580:
576:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:
542:
538:
534:
528:
523:
521:
516:
514:
513:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
469:
467:
462:
458:
456:
452:
451:
442:
437:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Isle of Wight
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
315:
307:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
173:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:
150:
149:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
64:
61:Hengist from
59:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4722:Origin myths
4687:Brother duos
4634:
4622:
4596:
4567:River Malvam
4514:
4502:
4372:Sisillius II
4242:Octa of Kent
4177:Queen Marcia
4172:Mandubracius
4047:Iago ap Beli
4031:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3504:
3497:Translations
3485:Vita Merlini
3483:
3475:
3467:
3229:Wið færstice
3227:
3220:
3198:
3191:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3049:Other beings
3029:
2775:Æthelbert II
2702:Æthelberht I
2676:
2621:455/456–488
2617:King of Kent
2615:
2575:
2552:
2540:
2536:
2520:
2516:
2481:
2465:
2453:
2430:
2407:
2377:
2364:
2342:
2323:
2298:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2252:Halsall, Guy
2229:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2196:Guest, Edwin
2173:
2150:
2141:
2123:Anchor Books
2116:
2092:
2081:. Retrieved
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1695:
1688:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1442:Divine twins
1424:Alcis (gods)
1409:
1407:
1401:Part of the
1400:
1389:
1379:
1376:Mary Stewart
1369:
1362:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1336:. Likewise,
1333:
1314:World War II
1311:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1235:
1225:
1188:
1186:
1152:
1142:
1127:
1120:Ibur and Aio
1109:
1081:
1060:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
854:Rudolf Simek
842:Lower Saxony
839:
824:
818:
813:
806:
801:
792:
770:
750:
742:
727:
719:
693:In Cambria,
692:
678:
676:
672:
668:
661:
638:
635:
628:
623:
616:
610:
606:
593:
584:
568:
558:
548:
546:
536:
526:
517:
509:
506:
482:
470:
463:
459:
449:
446:
429:
422:
402:
400:
349:
347:
342:
312:
310:
305:
300:Attestations
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
267:
263:
259:
251:
248:hurry, carry
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
220:
212:
206:
204:
194:
185:
179:
163:
152:
146:
144:
121:
109:alliterative
106:
73:
69:
68:
50:
4587:Trinovantum
4437:Vortiporius
4392:Tasciovanus
4367:Sisillius I
4187:Marganus II
3962:Gorbonianus
3842:Saint David
3602:King Arthur
3557:Saint Alban
3535:Merlínússpá
3528:Breta sögur
3176:Ealuscerwen
3117:Middangeard
3081:Eoten/Thurs
2805:Ecgberht II
2785:Eadberht II
2715:Eorcenberht
2508:(1953–57).
2478:Bliss, Alan
2412:D.S. Brewer
2202:Stone-henge
1986:"Vortigern"
1454:Saxon Steed
1372:King Arthur
1359:Pegwell Bay
1200:hill figure
1193:John Aubrey
1094:Cassius Dio
914:A gable in
899:A gable in
829:euhemerized
746:Conisbrough
715:Constantine
571:brigantines
392:Northumbria
384:East Anglia
182:Old English
4651:Categories
4197:Mempricius
4002:Gurgustius
3992:Gurgintius
3852:Diocletian
3847:Digueillus
3832:Cunobeline
3827:Cunedagius
3632:Beldgabred
3607:Arvirargus
3582:Amphibalus
3562:Albanactus
3545:Characters
3512:Layamon's
3216:Sutton Hoo
3211:Spong Hill
2850:Æthelberht
2830:Ceolwulf I
2770:Eadbert I
2725:Ecgberht I
2106:References
2083:2013-10-26
2063:2022-12-01
1710:1472107659
1303:Regensburg
1216:Bronze Age
1170:See also:
984:Raiffeisen
820:Prose Edda
802:Prose Edda
784:, king of
756:, Duke of
734:Gloucester
732:, Duke of
649:, between
624:Thancastre
617:Kaercorrei
575:Canterbury
520:hallelujah
236:equestrian
63:John Speed
4623:Wikiquote
4562:Riothamus
4510:Excalibur
4427:Vortigern
4422:Vespasian
4312:Redechius
4297:Porrex II
4282:Peredurus
4267:Pandrasus
4012:Gwenddydd
3987:Guithelin
3982:Guinevere
3977:Guiderius
3927:Fulgenius
3917:Eudaf Hen
3912:Estrildis
3907:Enniaunus
3767:Cledaucus
3737:Carausius
3732:Caradocus
3727:Caracalla
3697:Cadwaladr
3637:Beli Mawr
3592:Archgallo
3587:Andragius
3488:(c. 1150)
3480:(c. 1136)
3472:(c. 1135)
3392:Seax-Wica
3387:Heathenry
3306:Moot hill
3110:Locations
3020:Eormenric
2845:Æthelstan
2840:Æthelwulf
2750:Swæfberht
2745:Swæfheard
2730:Hlothhere
2720:Eormenred
2711:Æðelwald
2697:Eormenric
2610:Vortigern
2527:: 273–90.
2517:Saga-Book
1825:: 11–13.
1430:Ašvieniai
1403:A299 road
1353:In 1949,
1350:in 1977.
1071:North Sea
950:Brunswick
766:Dumbarton
723:Sheffield
510:nima der
423:Chronicle
407:Aylesford
403:Chronicle
380:Hampshire
360:Ebbsfleet
334:, son of
330:, son of
326:, son of
284:, in the
176:Etymology
132:Vortigern
124:Ebbsfleet
92:in their
4522:Lailoken
4432:Vortimer
4387:Taliesin
4292:Porrex I
4227:Morvidus
4222:Morgause
4202:Merianus
4182:Marganus
4137:King Lot
4132:Locrinus
4107:Kinarius
4102:Kimarcus
3957:Gorboduc
3937:Gerennus
3897:Elidurus
3867:Ebraucus
3857:Dionotus
3822:Corineus
3777:Coel Hen
3772:Clotenus
3762:Claudius
3752:Catigern
3747:Catellus
3662:Brennius
3627:Bedivere
3612:Ascanius
3597:Archmail
3572:Allectus
3410:Category
3346:Weregild
3266:Folkmoot
3096:Wælcyrge
2825:Coenwulf
2810:Ealhmund
2800:Heaberht
2780:Eardwulf
2551:(1993).
2543:: 45–50.
2476:(2006).
2464:(1855).
2406:(2007).
2254:(2013).
2198:(1853).
2178:ABC-CLIO
2155:Everyman
1418:See also
1357:came to
1340:'s poem
1324:and the
1262:'s play
1232:Aschanes
1222:Aschanes
1138:Dioscuri
1122:, while
1116:Lombards
1082:Germania
992:Theories
965:Spornitz
827:gives a
825:Prologue
814:Prologue
758:Cornwall
711:Constans
707:Armorica
664:Cherdich
647:the wall
619:, or in
502:Catigern
489:Vortimer
415:Crayford
324:Wictgils
276:and the
223:, hence
78:Germanic
4557:Pridwen
4552:Nennius
4417:Venissa
4407:Urianus
4397:Trahern
4337:Rivallo
4277:Peredur
4217:Mordred
4117:Lavinia
4112:Latinus
4097:Keredic
4092:Sir Kay
4067:Innogen
4057:Igraine
4052:Idvallo
4027:Helenus
3967:Gorlois
3952:Goneril
3657:Bledudo
3642:Belinus
3296:Maypole
3222:Widsith
3155:Beowulf
3141:Æcerbot
3126:Sources
3040:Waldere
2864:Eadbald
2835:Baldred
2820:Cuthred
2795:Eanmund
2790:Sigered
2760:Wihtred
2707:Eadbald
2677:Hengest
2480:(ed.).
1436:Ashvins
1312:During
1307:Bavaria
1153:premier
1102:Astings
1086:Tacitus
1067:Timaeus
1047:Beowulf
1020:Beowulf
1002:Beowulf
916:Hanover
886:Hanover
754:Gorlois
683:Cambria
613:Caistor
596:Lindsey
498:Epsford
494:Derwent
466:Scythia
455:Nennius
252:current
186:Hengest
154:Beowulf
151:and in
126:on the
98:Britain
70:Hengist
4537:Logres
4478:Avalon
4471:Topics
4402:Turnus
4332:Rience
4212:Millus
4207:Merlin
4157:Maddan
3932:Gawain
3922:Ferrex
3872:Edadus
3837:Danius
3782:Coilus
3757:Cherin
3722:Capoir
3647:Bladud
3552:Aeneas
3326:Symbel
3286:Horses
3256:Burial
3251:Blōtan
3061:Dragon
3056:Cofgod
3035:Sceafa
2969:Saxnot
2959:Hretha
2954:Gefjon
2944:Ēostre
2755:Oswine
2735:Eadric
2582:
2563:
2494:
2441:
2418:
2392:
2349:
2330:
2311:
2240:
2214:(130).
2184:
2161:
2129:
1707:
1516:
1270:Hersus
1114:, the
850:gables
823:. The
786:Amalek
778:Samuel
695:Merlin
689:Book 8
655:Humber
631:Rowena
579:Saxony
565:Book 6
543:(1793)
478:Orkney
443:(1605)
396:Angeln
390:, and
388:Mercia
372:Wessex
370:, and
368:Sussex
256:French
232:equine
221:*éḱwos
184:names
170:Dorset
86:Saxons
82:Angles
53:(1909)
4447:Ywain
4247:Oenus
3902:Eliud
3887:Eldol
3692:Cador
3687:Cadoc
3460:Works
3351:Wicce
3341:Thyle
3336:Thing
3331:Thegn
3316:Rings
3311:Runes
3281:Hearg
3271:Frith
3101:Wight
3015:Beowa
2994:Wōden
2974:Þunor
2949:Frige
2939:Beowa
2765:Alric
2682:Horsa
2513:(PDF)
1467:Notes
1364:Hugin
1252:Bünde
1158:Macha
1090:Alcis
1017:. In
946:Thune
795:mound
730:Eldol
651:Deira
621:Saxon
539:, by
474:Ochta
364:Essex
356:Picts
336:Woden
332:Wecta
328:Witta
294:Horsa
282:Horsa
244:*kurs
228:equus
225:Latin
219:base
195:Horsa
90:Jutes
74:Horsa
18:Horsa
4347:Runo
4122:Leil
4037:Hoel
3514:Brut
3371:Yule
3366:Wyrd
3321:Scop
3246:Bēot
3169:Deor
3091:Neck
3086:Mare
3076:Ides
3025:Finn
3010:Ægil
2984:Wade
2692:Octa
2687:Oisc
2627:Oisc
2580:ISBN
2561:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2182:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2151:Edda
2127:ISBN
1998:2009
1705:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1226:The
1180:The
1045:and
1025:scop
1023:, a
1000:and
844:and
782:Agag
762:York
701:and
588:Alba
512:sexa
348:The
319:Bede
290:Hors
269:bear
260:Hors
250:and
240:Hors
234:and
193:and
180:The
113:Bede
102:Kent
88:and
76:are
72:and
34:and
3291:Law
3071:Elf
2979:Tiw
2964:Ing
2934:Ēse
2740:Mul
1827:doi
1823:259
1388:'s
1378:'s
1301:at
768:).
411:Esc
264:eoh
258:).
213:Eoh
208:eoh
168:in
96:of
49:'s
4653::
2559:.
2555:.
2539:.
2523:.
2521:14
2519:.
2515:.
2490:.
2486:.
2437:.
2433:.
2414:.
2388:.
2384:.
2307:.
2303:.
2236:.
2232:.
2210:.
2206:.
2180:.
2176:.
2157:.
2153:.
2125:.
2121:.
2051:.
1988:.
1866:^
1821:.
1800:^
1703:.
1699:.
1676:^
1529:^
1305:,
1218:.
1191:,
1084:,
1037:,
967:,
948:,
685:.
553:,
386:,
366:,
338:.
317:,
238:.
211:.
172:.
157:.
134:,
104:.
84:,
3444:e
3437:t
3430:v
2911:e
2904:t
2897:v
2866:)
2658:e
2651:t
2644:v
2588:.
2569:.
2541:6
2500:.
2447:.
2424:.
2398:.
2355:.
2336:.
2317:.
2246:.
2212:6
2204:"
2190:.
2167:.
2135:.
2086:.
2066:.
2000:.
1833:.
1829::
1713:.
1522:.
657:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
