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to protect it from any further flooding. In 1966, 1976, and 1985, the Hongze
Embankment itself was reinforced and improved with more modern engineering and materials, particularly with additional barriers to break up the force of the rivers' and lake's waves against the levees.
966:
enlarged and reinforced the weir with stone along its then 40 to 42 kilometers (25 to 26 mi) of length. His mismanagement of the area's difficult hydrology allowed Sizhou to flood and threatened the tombs, leading to his demotion and dismissal.
1106:), the Gaojia Weir and Hongze Embankment burst 140 times, involving breaches in 300 different sections. During the worst breaches, the lake level fell as much as 10 meters (33 ft). On one occasion in the 19th century, the
1202:, counties in Anhui that bordered the lake were ceded to Jiangsu in 1955 to allow unified administration of the lake. By the early 1960s, its water level had dropped enough that the stone statues of the Ming Zuling's
871:
Hongze still farther, ultimately quadrupling its original size. During this period, it became an important fishery and center of irrigated cropland. It still forms the origin point of the
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1836) in chains at the repair site for a month during repairs necessitated by his mismanagement of when the dams need to be closed and opened; he was then dismissed to serve in the
990:
1460:
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continued the expansion and reinforcement of the Gaojia Weir, reaching 67–70 kilometers (42–43 mi) and completing the modern Hongze Lake
Embankment. Altogether, from
840:
renamed Pofu Hongze in his delight at the rain that greeted his arrival there, the rest of the countryside having suffered a drought. When it further expanded under the
686:, the area formed a number of shallow lakes collectively known as Fuling. Other nearby lakes at the time that later merged into Hongze were Nidun and Wanjia. The
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650:
when its depth reaches 12.5 meters (41 ft), making it the second-largest freshwater lake in
Jiangsu and the fourth- or fifth-largest in the country, behind
2207:
1117:
2109:
2003:
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1948:
1210:, the provincial and national cultural preservation authorities excavated and restored the tombs, ultimately erecting a new 2,700 meters (1.7 mi)
1076:). A few years later in 1680, the increased silting produced enlarged Hongze Lake so much that it entirely consumed Sizhou and the Ming Zuling. The
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but since 1955 the previous borders have been shifted to place it entirely under
Jiangsu's administration. It is now encompassed by the
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intended to protect nearby farmland and the Hangou Canal and nearby settlements and farmland from floods of the Huai.
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restored the Yellow River entirely to its northern course, finally removing its inflow and siltation from the lake.
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575:. The increased sediment and flow combined to greatly expand the lake, swallowing the previous regional center of
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was lost in a flood. In the early 1850s, the massive floods of the Yellow River that occasioned the
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2008:
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559:. Although it is known to have existed from antiquity, it drastically increased in size during the
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1968:
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666:. Hongze Lake's meandering shoreline usually runs around 365 kilometers (227 mi).
634:, the lake has generally decreased in size as more of its inflow has been diverted for
599:
137:
39:
2263:
1963:
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1111:
879:, the course of the Grand Canal in the area was straightened to circumvent the lake.
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border guards. For their part, local people made prayers and offerings to nine
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867:. The silt from the Yellow River began to obstruct the flow of the Huai and
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954:, the Gaojia Weir was further expanded, in part to protect the site. In
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about 2 million year ago before being closed in by sediment from the
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1375:, Hongze: People's Government of Hongze county, 2008, archived from
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1953:
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1453:, Suqian: Sihong Hongze Lake Wetland Scenic Area, 7 September 2020
1436:, Suqian: Sihong Hongze Lake Wetland Scenic Area, 3 September 2020
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were again visible along the shoreline. After the end of the
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2702:
1368:
1467:, Canberra: Australian National University, archived from
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to improve the supply lines of his army in conflicts with
844:, it became known as Hongze Lake. A massive flood of the
1419:, Huai'an: Huai'an Municipal Government, 5 February 2018
1402:, Huai'an: Huai'an Municipal Government, 30 January 2018
978:
again to merge with earlier tributaries of the Huai. In
674:
The area that now forms Hongze Lake was an inlet of the
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periods, the lake formed part of the border between
1390:
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1407:
1248:
769:, Fuling was renamed Pofu Pond. Acting as part of
1329:
45:map of the area around Hongze Lake ("Hung-tse Hu
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98:
646:Hongze Lake reaches an area of about 3 million
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2675:Nanjing University of Science and Technology
1034:, 1633–1692) extended the embankments from
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1365:"General Introduction of Hongze Tourism"
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2455:List of dams and reservoirs in China
1459:Danielson, Eric N. (December 2008),
1281:
1229:
1187:) near Zhouqiao for protection; the
836:. During an inspection tour in 616,
942:was built near the regional center
873:North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal
741:), connecting the lake system with
69:
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1525:
14:
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630:. Since the establishment of the
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567:—then still flowing south of
553:fifth-largest freshwater lake
204:Fishing on Hongze Lake (1962)
2755:Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
1223:
914:Overview of River Management
682:and other nearby rivers. In
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7:
902:into Hongze Lake, from the
10:
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1200:People's Republic of China
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632:People's Republic of China
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2770:Grand Buddha at Ling Shan
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2670:Nanjing Normal University
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1490:Lake Hongze English guide
1409:"Hongze Lake Scenic Zone"
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1465:China Heritage Quarterly
1461:"The Ming Ancestor Tomb"
1443:"Hongze Lake Embankment"
446:Traditional Chinese
296:Fuling Lakes (antiquity)
211:Traditional Chinese
2745:Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
1921:Rakshastal (La-Ang Tso)
863:to join the Huai below
697:constructed the Han or
465:Simplified Chinese
230:Simplified Chinese
27:Hungtze Hu, Hung-tse Hu
2785:Tianning Temple Pagoda
1392:"Historical Evolution"
1288:Huai'an (30 Jan. 2018)
917:
440:Hongze Pond (Sui–Tang)
121:33.30750°N 118.71000°E
2740:Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
1307:SHLWSA (7 Sept. 2020)
1276:SHLWSA (3 Sept. 2020)
1249:Huai'an (5 Feb. 2018)
885:
2660:Southeast University
2587:Grand Canal of China
857:following the course
2728:Visitor attractions
2680:Yangzhou University
1208:Cultural Revolution
948:honor his ancestors
818:200), a massive 30-
368:Pofu Pond (Han–Sui)
126:33.30750; 118.71000
117: /
2655:Jiangsu University
2650:Nanjing University
1873:Notable salt lakes
918:
805:) around the year
628:Huai'an Prefecture
583:tombs. During the
2830:
2829:
2720:(Yangzhou garden)
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2488:
2252:Major urban lakes
1964:East Lake (Wuhan)
1193:Taiping Rebellion
1147:
1126:
1082:Qianlong Emperors
1063:
1048:
1020:
1002:
991:viceroy of rivers
869:started to expand
855:in 1128 or 1194,
725:
707:
684:Chinese antiquity
616:Suqian Prefecture
571:—merged with the
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493:Standard Mandarin
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402:Standard Mandarin
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330:Standard Mandarin
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2665:Hohai University
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2483:China portal
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2473:Lakes portal
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1969:Tianshan Tianchi
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1537:Five Great Lakes
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162:Primary outflows
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92:Jiangsu Province
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2259:West (Hangzhou)
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2208:West (Dunhuang)
2150:Nature Reserves
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1959:West (Hangzhou)
1930:
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886:The map of the
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1936:National Parks
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1484:External links
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1280:
1253:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
976:changed course
952:Yongle Emperor
922:Hongwu Emperor
777:administrator
676:East China Sea
671:
668:
643:
640:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:Hung-tse T'ang
516:
510:
509:
502:
496:
495:
489:
488:
487:Transcriptions
480:
479:
467:
461:
460:
448:
442:
441:
437:
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418:
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405:
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398:
397:
396:Transcriptions
389:
388:
376:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
360:
353:
347:
346:
339:
333:
332:
326:
325:
324:Transcriptions
317:
316:
304:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
288:
281:
275:
274:
267:
261:
260:
254:
253:
252:Transcriptions
245:
244:
232:
226:
225:
213:
207:
206:
203:
195:
194:
191:
190:
182:
181:
178:
171:
170:
165:
157:
156:
155:(historically)
142:
134:
133:
101:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
75:
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67:
66:
60:
59:
58:
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37:
29:
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24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2860:
2849:
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2800:
2797:
2791:
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2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Jiming Temple
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Wuyue culture
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
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2648:
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2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Yangtze River
2605:
2603:
2602:Xishan Island
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
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2580:
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2171:
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2159:
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2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:West Dongting
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
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2032:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
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1987:
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1947:
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1927:
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1514:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1492:(Jiangsu.net)
1491:
1488:
1487:
1471:on 2013-09-27
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1449:Official site
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1432:Official site
1431:
1427:
1426:"Hongze Lake"
1423:
1418:
1417:
1415:Official site
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1398:Official site
1397:
1393:
1389:
1379:on 2012-09-10
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:Official site
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1350:
1349:Hongze (2008)
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1007:
1001:
995:
992:
981:
977:
973:
968:
965:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
915:
911:
907:
906:
901:
897:
893:
892:Yellow Rivers
889:
884:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:redirected it
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
821:
808:
804:
797:
794:
791:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
748:
747:Yangtze Delta
744:
740:
733:
730:
724:
715:
712:
706:
700:
696:
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
529:
517:
515:
511:
503:
501:
497:
494:
490:
485:
481:
476:
473:
468:
466:
462:
457:
454:
449:
447:
443:
438:
426:
424:
420:
412:
410:
406:
403:
399:
394:
390:
385:
382:
377:
375:
371:
366:
354:
352:
348:
340:
338:
334:
331:
327:
322:
318:
313:
310:
305:
303:
299:
294:
282:
280:
276:
268:
266:
262:
259:
255:
250:
246:
241:
238:
233:
231:
227:
222:
219:
214:
212:
208:
201:
196:
192:
187:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
141:
135:
130:
102:
96:
93:
90:
86:
64:
55:
44:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
16:Lake in China
2819:
2807:
2780:Qixia Temple
2713:Suzhou opera
2616:
2451:
2407:Xinfengjiang
2377:Three Gorges
2269:Tangxun Lake
2264:East (Wuhan)
2049:Huguang Rock
1901:Tangra Yumco
1473:, retrieved
1469:the original
1464:
1450:
1447:
1433:
1430:
1416:
1413:
1399:
1396:
1381:, retrieved
1377:the original
1372:
1369:
1358:Bibliography
1283:
1197:
1184:
1159:Zhāng Wénhào
1158:
1118:Zhang Wenhao
1073:
1031:
969:
940:garment tomb
924:, the first
919:
913:
905:Siku Quanshu
903:
875:. Under the
846:Yellow River
838:Emperor Yang
827:
802:
764:
738:
699:Hangou Canal
673:
652:lakes Poyang
645:
565:Yellow River
548:
545:Lake Hungtze
544:
536:
535:
500:Hanyu Pinyin
429:P'o-fu T'ang
409:Hanyu Pinyin
337:Hanyu Pinyin
265:Hanyu Pinyin
153:Yellow River
2765:Huqiu Tower
2617:Hongze Lake
2392:Danjiangkou
2387:Longyangxia
2168:Wudalianchi
1949:Wudalianchi
1896:Zhari Namco
1838:Tangjiashan
1683:Manasarovar
1658:Baiyangdian
1104: 1855
1093: 1575
987: 1677
937:Ming Zuling
908:edition of
900:Ming Zuling
834:Grand Canal
783:Gaojia Weir
581:Ming Zuling
537:Hongze Lake
506:Hóngzé táng
285:Hung-tse Hu
189:Hongze Lake
124: /
112:118°42′36″E
99:Coordinates
76:Hongze Lake
43:Map Service
22:Hongze Lake
2837:Categories
2790:Zhouzhuang
2627:Huai River
2592:Yellow Sea
2369:Reservoirs
2339:Lotus Pond
2334:Qujiangchi
1584:freshwater
1475:2017-11-06
1383:2023-03-02
1219:References
1212:embankment
1204:sacred way
1198:Under the
920:Under the
828:Under the
823:embankment
809:5 (around
765:Under the
636:irrigation
589:republican
514:Wade–Giles
423:Wade–Giles
357:Fu-ling Hu
351:Wade–Giles
279:Wade–Giles
168:Huai River
145:Huai River
109:33°18′27″N
2703:Shuochang
2642:Education
2574:Geography
2452:See also:
2447:Beidagang
2417:Changshou
2412:Liujiaxia
2294:Slim West
2284:Yuyuantan
2079:Protected
1984:Slim West
1738:Yangcheng
1688:Ulansuhai
1527:Lakes of
1224:Citations
1110:held the
964:Pan Jixun
910:Pan Jixun
851:south of
803:Gāojiāyàn
779:Chen Deng
775:Guangling
642:Geography
600:provinces
563:when the
551:, is the
415:Pòfǔ táng
343:Fùlíng hú
271:Hóngzé hú
2809:Category
2612:Lake Tai
2559:Politics
2432:Guanting
2427:Jiangkou
2349:Yinglong
2193:Dongting
2183:Shengjin
2173:Yinglong
2158:Hengshui
2135:Nygoring
2090:Dongting
2082:wetlands
2009:Crescent
1994:Hongfeng
1989:Dongting
1798:Dongqian
1753:Yangzong
1748:Dianshan
1743:Chenghai
1728:Dongping
1603:Dongting
1582:Notable
1549:Dongting
1185:jiǔ lóng
1167:Xinjiang
1112:Jiangnan
1097:Xianfeng
1036:Zhouqiao
898:and the
853:Shandong
745:and the
743:Yangzhou
656:Dongting
604:counties
585:imperial
579:and the
569:Shandong
549:Hung-tse
149:Si River
88:Location
2848:Huai'an
2821:Commons
2708:Cuisine
2690:Culture
2564:Economy
2554:History
2546:General
2537:capital
2533:Nanjing
2523:Jiangsu
2382:Longtan
2304:Dianchi
2274:Kunming
2218:Qinghai
2203:Serling
2163:Xingkai
2140:Gyaring
2115:Xingkai
2064:Huating
2054:Bailong
2014:Qinghai
1999:Dianchi
1979:Jingyue
1974:Songhua
1916:Pangong
1911:Yamdrok
1906:Ulungur
1881:Qinghai
1818:Kunming
1813:Karakul
1758:Xingyun
1703:Junshan
1678:Dianchi
1673:Liangzi
1668:Longgan
1648:Gyaring
1643:Ngoring
1593:Xingkai
1171:dragons
1074:Jiǎngbà
1040:Jiangba
989:), the
970:By the
962:1579),
933:dynasty
928:of the
926:emperor
865:Huaiyin
859:of the
807:Jian'an
688:hegemon
670:History
593:Jiangsu
374:Chinese
302:Chinese
40:US Army
38:A 1955
2718:Geyuan
2582:Cities
2525:topics
2442:Yuqiao
2422:Yantan
2397:Supung
2354:Caiyun
2344:Baiyun
2329:Xuanwu
2309:Daming
2238:Hongze
2223:Caohai
2188:Poyang
2178:Caiyun
2095:Poyang
2069:Zhelin
2059:Sayram
2044:Feiyun
2039:Bosten
1944:Jingpo
1891:Siling
1886:Namtso
1848:Xuanwu
1843:Baiyun
1808:Baihua
1788:Daming
1783:Chagan
1773:Ayding
1768:Yilong
1708:Fuxian
1663:Honghu
1653:Sayram
1638:Gaoyou
1628:Bosten
1618:Hongze
1598:Poyang
1564:Hongze
1544:Poyang
1189:temple
1163:
1078:Kangxi
1032:Jìn Fǔ
994:Jin Fu
980:Kangxi
960:
944:Sizhou
935:, the
896:Sizhou
816:
751:
749:in 486
739:Hángōu
691:Fuchai
662:, and
624:Hongze
612:Siyang
608:Sihong
577:Sizhou
2437:Miyun
2324:South
2314:Yueya
2299:Taiye
2279:Jinji
2233:Kanas
2228:Hulun
2213:Gahai
2198:Erhai
2130:Lashi
2100:Hulun
2034:Qiong
2024:Fairy
1863:Dushu
1858:Kanas
1853:Yueya
1833:South
1793:Diexi
1723:Nanyi
1713:Shiju
1698:Erhai
1693:Luoma
1623:Nansi
1613:Hulun
1586:lakes
1529:China
1095:) to
1086:Wanli
958:7 (c.
956:Wanli
771:Lü Bu
664:Hulun
597:Anhui
557:China
180:China
175:Basin
2359:Moon
2319:Ruyi
2243:Haba
2125:Napa
2120:Bita
2019:Chao
1926:Aibi
1828:Ruyi
1823:Lugu
1778:Buir
1763:Qilu
1718:Wabu
1633:Chao
1554:Chao
1161:, d.
1080:and
982:16 (
972:Qing
930:Ming
890:and
888:Huai
877:Yuan
842:Tang
680:Huai
622:and
620:Xuyi
618:and
610:and
595:and
587:and
573:Huai
561:Qing
2004:Jin
1954:Tai
1608:Tai
1559:Tai
1099:5 (
1088:3 (
1038:to
946:to
912:'s
830:Sui
767:Han
693:of
660:Tai
626:in
614:in
606:of
555:in
547:or
543:as
48:洪澤湖
2839::
1733:Ge
1463:,
1445:,
1428:,
1411:,
1394:,
1367:,
1331:^
1314:^
1295:^
1256:^
1231:^
1178:九龍
1153:文浩
1101:c.
1090:c.
1067:蒋坝
1052:蔣壩
984:c.
861:Si
820:li
812:AD
762:.
760:Qi
755:BC
695:Wu
658:,
654:,
648:mu
638:.
539:,
472:洪泽
453:洪澤
381:破釜
309:富陵
237:洪泽
218:洪澤
151:,
51:")
2539:)
2535:(
2515:e
2508:t
2501:v
1519:e
1512:t
1505:v
1479:.
1455:.
1438:.
1421:.
1404:.
1387:.
1351:.
1326:.
1309:.
1290:.
1278:.
1251:.
1182:,
1174:(
1156:,
1151:张
1145:s
1140:,
1136:浩
1133:文
1130:張
1124:t
1121:(
1071:,
1061:s
1056:,
1046:t
1043:(
1029:,
1025:辅
1023:靳
1018:s
1013:,
1009:輔
1006:靳
1000:t
997:(
800:,
796:堰
793:家
790:高
786:(
736:,
732:沟
729:邗
723:s
718:,
714:溝
711:邗
705:t
702:(
475:塘
456:塘
384:塘
312:湖
240:湖
221:湖
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