61:
181:, these being of all steel construction - quite advanced for the time - due to being fitted with gas cooking equipment. During the First World War the York works produced material for the war effort, mostly logistics equipment, but other work included conversion of existing carriages into an ambulance train and a complete train which was produced for the Director General of Transportation.
189:
building, machine and brake shops. There were also offices, a smithy and cat shop, and gas and electric shops. West of the main works was a large timber drying building, and carriage washing facilities. The 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) 1871 building was still in use as, mainly as a glass store and paintshop. Overall the carriage works employed 1,500 persons.
406:: Union officials, ABB management, and Conservative and Labour members of parliament all expressed similar views on the cause of the closure. The carriage works closed in 1996 with 750 redundancies; ABB blamed the closure on the privatisation of British Rail, stating that the privatisation had delayed orders, causing a gap in the company's order books.
1430:
as the sheds were being refurbished for occupation by the wagon-makers Thrall, dust which had been found on all level surfaces was sent for analysis this analysis revealed that the dust was contaminated with a cocktail of contaminants, including asbestos, although greater concerns were raised by the
1341:
A retired electrical technician has died as a result of inhaling asbestos during 15 years' working at York
Carriageworks, an inquest has heard. A post mortem revealed he had asbestos fibres in his body and had died from malignant mesothelioma .. coroner Donald Coverdale concluded he had died from an
188:
and Great
Northern and North-Eastern Joint Stock, as well as undertaking most of the NER's carriage repairs. The site consisted of two main buildings on the east end of the site; the northernmost one was used for building and painting vehicles, the southern one included the sawmill, frame and cabinet
166:
By the late 1890s capacity had been reached, exacerbated by the increase in length of carriages, and from 1897 contracts were let for the construction of expansion of the works, primarily west, plus a large lifting shop adjacent south of the main works building. Electric and gas shops were also added
464:
In 1975 an inquest into the death of former railway worker Frank
Summers recorded that he had died from an industrial disease; he had previously been employed in asbestos spraying at York Carriage works. At the inquest it was claimed that the use of asbestos at the works ended in 1964; initially the
417:
for 2,500 wagons. First production was the BYA type covered steel coil carriers. The first wagon was formally presented in July 1998. Nearly half of the order was for 1145 HTA coal hoppers. Other wagon types produced included 300 MBA 'monster box', 260 BYA (covered steel coil), 100+400+300 FAA; FCA
492:
Most of the buildings auxiliary to the main works have been demolished post closure. West of the main works the area was cleared and partially developed for housing, and the gas and electric shops were demolished; the stores building in the northeast corner was reused as a small business premises.
162:
took the decision to move carriage building to a new site, and the first contracts let for its construction in 1880. The works was designed as an integrated carriage building factory, with separate buildings for each process. The main buildings were of brick construction, with stone and coloured
1372:
Scores of York people have been killed by mesothelioma over recent decades, many of whom worked at the former carriageworks in
Holgate Road, where there was widespread exposure to asbestos dust. There have also been cases in which the wives of former carriageworks employees have contracted the
324:
BREL introduced some modern manufacturing methods at the works, installations included: five sheet metal machining centres, one with an automatic tool change, used to manufacture body shells and bolster parts for EMUs; test facilities for air-conditioning units; and clean rooms for electronics
209:) at the west and east end of the main works building on the south side; to accommodate the east traverser the buildings were shortened. By this time York had moved to 'sectionalised assembly' and this methodology, having some similarities to a production line, was expanded in 1931 under
1246:
Network Rail bought the facility in April 2009 and has used its 12 railway bays for maintenance and overhaul of various rail fleets focusing on the extensive
Seasonal Treatment and Rail Delivery Fleet. The facility covers 344,000 sq.ft of covered space and sits on 18 acres of
262:
In the 1960s the BR workshops were re-organised : regional workshops were abolished and control centralised with excess works closing. York, together with Derby was retained and assigned to carriage production, and ÂŁ976,000 authorised for investment at the site.
465:
dangers of asbestos were not known and employees worked without facemasks or other protection; workers continued to be exposed to asbestos into the 1970s, relatives of workers also developed asbestos related diseases through contact with dust on workers' clothing.
163:
brick detailing. The internal construction was of cast iron columns with wrought iron beams. Carriage building started in 1884 which construction of 6-wheel carriages and the works started producing bogie coaches, initially of 45 feet (14 m) length, in 1895.
167:
and additional stores, plus servicing and washing sheds to the west. The expansion of buildings was mostly complete by 1900, excluding a wagon (rulley) shop built 1904. A large wood drying store allowed a ready supply of seasoned woods for carriage manufacture.
619:
136:
As of 2009, the site is in maintenance related rail use by
Network Rail as their Rail Fleet Engineering Centre (RFEC). The site is used by Network Rail, and various rail sub-contractors to maintain Network Rail's own fleet of maintenance rail vehicles.
325:
repair. The works also had a short test track electrified at 750 V DC or 25 kV AC. Experiments were carried out into robotic welding machines in the early 1980s, but the technique was not used for production at that time.
452:
Asbestos was used in rolling stock manufacture as thermal and sound insulation. In carriages, asbestos would be applied between inner and outer bodywork layers as well as in flooring and radiator insulation. After the beginning of the
197:
At the start of this period a survey by the LNER showed that York Works had a construction capacity of 200 coaches per year and to improve capacity the varnishing shop was converted to provide extra build capacity in 1924. The
144:
during the 20th century more than a hundred people associated from the works have died from illness caused by exposure to the material, with asbestos related illnesses still occurring and causing death into the 21st century.
345:
acquired the company including the York works in 1989. Procurement contracts on
British Rail began being put to public tender in the 1980s; the fate of the works was linked primarily to the number of orders for
469:
Many scores of former York
Carriageworks employees have died over the last two or three decades from exposure to deadly asbestos dust at the Holgate Road factory in the 1950s, 60s, 70s and even 80s.
21:
174:
were built, numbers 3170 and 3171, early examples of electric transmission in rail vehicles; the works produced rolling stock for the North
Tyneside electrification in the same period.
402:
In 1995 ABB announced that the factory would close due to lack of orders; the cause was widely recognised as being due to a gap in train orders caused by uncertainties following the
1311:
in a statement written after he was diagnosed: "We were not provided with face masks and undoubtedly breathed in the dust. I didn't know that asbestos was dangerous at that time."
484:
The
Holgate Road site was still contaminated with asbestos in some areas in the 1990s. By 2012 it was estimated that over 140 workers had died as a result of exposure to asbestos.
184:
In 1920 the carriage works had 13.5 acres (5.5 ha) of buildings on a site of 45 acres (18 ha). The works built all of the coaching stock of the NER, plus much of the
620:"Death knell imminent for York train works As the railway industry prepares for privatisation, historians and innovators reflect on the past and argue the way of the future"
1228:
1483:
851:
1646:
1293:
232:
lighting, being reopened in 1947. During the war period time many of the workers were women, who worked shifts up to 69 hours in a week.
592:
1324:
1127:
87:'s Queen Street site; the works was substantially expanded in 1897â1900, and saw further modernisations through the 20th century.
1445:
890:
1641:
1013:
980:
1232:
130:
1540:
1521:
1373:
disease years later, because of asbestos dust which they breathed in when washing their husband's discarded overalls.
1594:
Harris, Nigel (25 March â 7 April 1998). "York's new ÂŁ5m Wagon Works is on-time and on-budget, says Thrall Europa".
1064:
949:
1101:
410:
267:
199:
126:
99:
91:
1656:
454:
439:
Network Rail acquired the main building in 2009 for storage and maintenance of Rail Head Treatment Train wagons.
418:
and FKA container flat wagons, and 60 BRA steel wagons. Prototype MRA ballast wagons were also manufactured for
1567:
Harris, Nigel (30 July â 12 August 1997). "USA's Thrall reopens York Works to build up to 5,000 EWS wagons".
1386:
403:
122:
171:
1355:
810:
390:
159:
84:
413:(USA) reopened the plant as wagon works in 1997, having obtained about a ÂŁ200 million order from
338:
309:(137 four car, 1982â4). The works continued producing vehicles for British Rail after privatisation.
224:
and in 1944 part of the north building (building shop) which had been manufacturing launches for the
1651:
73:
859:
178:
1636:
797:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
355:
350:
for electric passenger stock â failure to win the contract for electric multiple units for the
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
256:
252:
185:
596:
266:
In 1970 the rolling stock workshops division of British Rail (excluding repair works) became
1342:
industrial disease .. caused by inhaling asbestos dust during his work at the carriageworks.
1412:
1202:
788:
248:
8:
673:"Visit to the North-Eastern Railway Carriage and Wagon Works at York, 13th July, 1920".
432:
No further orders were received, and in 2002 the factory was closed by Thrall successor
433:
386:
241:
919:
837:
686:
1609:
1601:
1582:
1574:
1536:
1517:
886:
347:
60:
915:
833:
682:
475:
351:
228:
was destroyed by an accidental fire. The building was rebuilt with a new roof with
217:
210:
95:
83:
The factory began production in 1884 as a planned expansion and replacement of the
121:
The works closed in 1996, due to lack of orders caused by uncertainty in the post-
1596:
1569:
158:
After the transfer of wagon building from York Queen Street in 1867, in 1880 the
1167:
The first design to appear was a bogie covered steel wagon, given TOPS code BYA.
1082:
1031:
998:
221:
1048:
Tieman, Ross (12 May 1995). "ABB blames York plant closure on rail sell-off".
1630:
1605:
1578:
957:
458:
247:
During the 1950s there were over 3,000 staff employed by the works and early
37:
23:
1613:
1586:
1069:
1018:
985:
672:
770:
768:
414:
1180:
1153:
1014:"York to lose train carriage works at cost of 750 jobs as orders dry up"
229:
225:
765:
64:
West end of carriage works' 1900 extension, and 1930s traverser (2014)
906:
Stables, J. R. (1980). "Use of Modern Technology in Brel Workshops".
419:
342:
273:
From the 1970s to 1989 the works manufactured much of British Rail's
109:
461:
came into increasing use, until its health dangers were recognised.
823:
382:
141:
177:
In 1914 York carriage works built 3 kitchen-cars for use on the
1294:"Asbestos timebomb claims lives of Alf Sturdy and Dennis Healy"
950:"Strasbourg: Interurban tram strategy strengthens city system"
170:
In 1903 two 53.5 feet (16.3 m), 35 long tons (36 t)
981:"Unions fear that train builder ABB is to close York works"
77:
1484:"Unlocking the future of York's former carriageworks site"
1482:
774:
1156:. London Transport Service Vehicles. 2 July 2007. History
743:
741:
595:. Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Archived from
133:
from 1998 to 2002, after which the factory closed again.
1600:. No. 327. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 48â49.
1325:"Asbestos caused death of former carriageworks employee"
512:
510:
16:
Railway carriage works in Yorkshire, England (1884â1996)
593:"North Eastern Railway Petrol-Electric Autocar No.3170"
549:
1573:. No. 310. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 6â7.
908:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
738:
705:
656:
654:
652:
883:
An Illustrated History of British Railways' Workshops
507:
337:, and acquired by a consortium including management,
1560:
The Life and Times of York Carriage Works: 1884â1995
1446:"York carriageworks' asbestos death toll now at 141"
824:"The Reorganisation of British Railways Workshops".
753:
726:
693:
72:
was a railway carriage manufacturing factory in the
649:
637:
537:
1431:presence of heavy metals such as arsenic and lead.
826:Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers
675:Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers
129:used the works to manufacture freight wagons for
1628:
1183:. London Transport Service Vehicles. 2 July 2007
1505:A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture
1262:The Oxford Companion to British Railway History
529:Burman, Peter; Stratton, Michael, eds. (1997).
528:
1259:
328:
140:As a consequence of manufacturing work using
1260:Simmons, Jack; Biddle, Gordon, eds. (1997).
1011:
244:) the works employed around 5,000 people.
192:
1469:Ordnance Survey 1:10000 1992 1:25000 2006
1128:"Thrall Europa rolls out first EWS wagon"
1096:
1094:
1092:
1043:
1041:
447:
90:The works passed to the ownership of the
1273:
1271:
978:
947:
251:were maintained on the site. Some early
235:
59:
1502:
1443:
1353:
1062:
905:
874:
747:
711:
576:
555:
516:
381:(97 four car, 1991â1994). Additionally
361:The works obtained contracts to build:
108:(1970); and privatised and acquired by
1629:
1593:
1566:
1511:
1089:
1047:
1038:
1012:Wainwright, Martin (11 January 1995).
932:
880:
759:
732:
699:
643:
617:
543:
220:the carriage works produced parts for
1530:
1516:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
1268:
935:The Official History of Privatisation
775:The York Press & 21 November 2013
660:
611:
354:service (awarded to Siemens/CAF, see
1231:. Severn Partnership. Archived from
618:Foster, Jonathan (12 January 1995).
358:) resulted in the loss of 289 jobs.
293:(72 four car, 1981-2 & 1985â7);
1387:"New victims of asbestos time bomb"
255:trains were built at York, such as
13:
1647:Railway workshops in Great Britain
1551:
1354:Laycock, Mike (22 November 2008).
844:
153:
131:English Welsh and Scottish Railway
14:
1668:
1622:
1181:"MRA Side-Tipping Ballast Wagons"
979:Smithers, Rebecca (11 May 1995).
920:10.1243/PIME_PROC_1980_194_038_02
838:10.1243/JILE_PROC_1967_057_019_02
723:Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1931, 1937
687:10.1243/JILE_PROC_1920_010_049_02
567:Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1892, 1909
1356:"Asbestos claims another victim"
1278:"Lawsuit after asbestos death".
1063:Halsall, Martyn (17 July 1997).
937:. Vol. 2. pp. 443â444.
333:BREL was privatised in 1987, as
268:British Rail Engineering Limited
200:London and North Eastern Railway
127:Thrall Car Manufacturing Company
100:British Rail Engineering Limited
92:London and North Eastern Railway
1463:
1437:
1405:
1379:
1347:
1317:
1286:
1253:
1221:
1195:
1173:
1146:
1120:
1056:
1005:
972:
941:
926:
899:
817:
780:
717:
666:
531:Conserving the Railway Heritage
455:British Rail Modernisation Plan
305:(117 four car, 1988â1991). and
281:(64 three car trains, 1976/7);
1562:. ABB Rail Vehicles Ltd. 1995.
1444:Laycock, Mike (2 March 2012).
1154:"BRA/BYA Covered Steel Wagons"
585:
570:
561:
522:
1:
1282:. 10 October 1975. p. 6.
1132:Railway Gazette International
1106:Railway Gazette International
1052:. No. 65265. p. 24.
948:Wansbeek, C.J. (March 2003).
496:
423:
404:privatisation of British Rail
393:
285:(16 three car trains, 1979);
203:
123:privatisation of British Rail
579:Lambert's Railway Miscellany
501:
487:
277:passenger stock, including:
7:
792:. January 1961. p. 11.
301:(21 three car, 1984â1986);,
70:Holgate Road carriage works
49:Holgate Road carriage works
10:
1673:
1642:North Eastern Railway (UK)
1475:
1229:"Scan2BIM â Holgate Depot"
954:Tramways and Urban Transit
391:Derby Litchurch Lane works
389:at the site, and at ABB's
377:(24 two car. 1991â92) and
329:Post-privatisation (1989â)
297:(86 four car, 1987â1990);
148:
1102:"UK wagon works to close"
577:Lambert, Anthony (2010).
442:
202:(LNER) added traversers (
1512:Harris, Michael (1973).
1065:"York back on the track"
852:"British Rail Workshops"
240:At nationalisation (see
172:Petrol Electric Autocars
881:Larkin, Edgar (2009) .
436:with 260 redundancies.
373:(41 four car, 1994/5);
289:(61 four car, 1980/1);
193:LNER period (1923â1948)
1657:Rail transport in York
1503:Fawcett, Bill (2005).
933:Parker, David (2012).
482:
448:Asbestos contamination
365:(22 three car, 1990);
275:electric multiple unit
257:British Rail Class 305
253:Electric Multiple Unit
186:East Coast Joint Stock
65:
832:(315): 91â146. 1967.
681:(44): 308â310. 1920.
467:
369:(5 four car, 1990);
313:DMUs were built, and
249:Diesel Multiple Units
236:BR period (1948â1989)
211:A. H. Peppercorn
160:North Eastern Railway
85:North Eastern Railway
63:
1533:The Railways of York
1203:"Leaves on the Line"
789:The Railway Magazine
1531:Hoole, Ken (1976).
581:. pp. 109â110.
533:. pp. 103â104.
409:Wagon manufacturer
387:Strasbourg tramways
385:were built for the
33: /
1535:. Dalesman Books.
1490:. 21 November 2013
1413:"Asbestos outrage"
1134:. 1 September 1998
599:on 24 October 2012
434:Trinity Industries
242:Transport Act 1947
66:
38:53.9569°N 1.1046°W
1514:Gresley's coaches
892:978-1-906974-02-2
805:Missing or empty
558:, pp. 126â7.
348:Network SouthEast
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1617:
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1508:
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965:
956:. Archived from
945:
939:
938:
930:
924:
923:
903:
897:
896:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
862:on 12 April 2010
858:. Archived from
848:
842:
841:
821:
815:
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808:
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793:
784:
778:
772:
763:
757:
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589:
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547:
541:
535:
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526:
520:
514:
480:
428:
425:
398:
395:
352:Heathrow Express
335:BREL (1988) Ltd.
218:Second World War
208:
205:
96:British Railways
57:
56:
54:
53:
52:
50:
45:
44:
43:53.9569; -1.1046
39:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1652:History of York
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1626:
1625:
1620:
1558:
1554:
1552:Further reading
1549:
1543:
1524:
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1491:
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1303:
1301:
1292:
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1269:
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1238:
1236:
1235:on 30 July 2014
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1179:
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1174:
1159:
1157:
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1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1108:. 1 August 2002
1100:
1099:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1023:
1010:
1006:
992:
990:
977:
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963:
961:
960:on 20 July 2011
946:
942:
931:
927:
904:
900:
893:
885:. p. 126.
879:
875:
865:
863:
856:Railway Britain
850:
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624:The Independent
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481:
473:
450:
445:
426:
396:
339:Trafalgar House
331:
238:
206:
195:
179:Flying Scotsman
156:
154:NER (1884â1923)
151:
48:
46:
42:
40:
36:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
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5:
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1623:External links
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1619:
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1591:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1528:
1522:
1509:
1507:. Vol. 3.
1500:
1488:The York Press
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1462:
1450:The York Press
1436:
1417:The York Press
1404:
1391:The York Press
1378:
1360:The York Press
1346:
1331:. 12 June 2014
1329:The York Press
1316:
1298:The York Press
1285:
1267:
1252:
1220:
1207:www.rail.co.uk
1194:
1172:
1145:
1119:
1088:
1083:Newspapers.com
1055:
1037:
1032:Newspapers.com
1004:
999:Newspapers.com
971:
940:
925:
914:(1): 321â330.
898:
891:
873:
843:
816:
779:
764:
752:
750:, p. 128.
737:
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714:, p. 127.
704:
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610:
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519:, p. 126.
505:
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397: 1994â95
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