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its "partner", such sets are permanently coupled and can only be split at maintenance facilities. Advantages of married pair units include weight and cost savings over single-unit cars (due to halving the ancillary equipment required per set) while allowing all cars to be powered, unlike a motor-trailer combination. Each car has only one control cab, located at the outer end of the pair, saving space and expense over a cab at both ends of each car. Disadvantages include a loss of operational flexibility, as trains must be multiples of two cars, and a failure on a single car could force removing both it and its partner from service.
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290:) in 1897. In 1895, derived from his company's invention and production of direct current elevator control systems, Frank Sprague invented a multiple unit controller for electric train operation. This accelerated the construction of electric traction railways and trolley systems worldwide. Each car of the train has its own traction motors: by means of motor control relays in each car energized by train-line wires from the front car all of the traction motors in the train are controlled in unison.
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213:-hauled trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing nearby residents. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as no provision is needed for exhausting fumes, although retrofitting existing limited-clearance tunnels to accommodate the extra equipment needed to transmit electric power to the train can be difficult.
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or "married pair" units. While both units in a married pair are typically driving motors, the ancillary equipment (air compressor and tanks, batteries and charging equipment, traction power and control equipment, etc.) are shared between the two cars in the set. Since neither car can operate without
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are in operation around the world, with the take up being strong. Many are bi-modal taking energy from onboard battery banks and line pickups such as overhead wires or third rail. In most cases the batteries are charged via the electric pickup when operating on electric mode.
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The cars that form a complete EMU set can usually be separated by function into four types: power car, motor car, driving car, and trailer car. Each car can have more than one function, such as a motor-driving car or power-driving car.
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Reduced axle loads, since the need for a heavy locomotive is eliminated; this in turn allows for simpler and cheaper structures that use less material (like bridges and viaducts) and lower structure maintenance
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EMUs are popular on commuter, and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation, and are used on most rapid-transit systems. Being quieter than
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are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit
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This is one of the original motor coaches which has electric motors mounted beneath the floor, a driving cab at one end and third class accommodation with wooden seats.
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opened in 1893 with two-car electric multiple units, controllers in cabs at both ends directly controlling the traction current to motors on both cars.
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Trailer cars are any cars (sometimes semi-permanently coupled) that carry little or no traction or power related equipment, and are similar to
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Lower adhesion coefficients for driving (powered) axles, due to lower weight on these axles; weight is not concentrated on a locomotive
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Easily allows for lower noise and vibration in passenger cars, since there are no motors or gearboxes on the bogies below the cars
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Higher acceleration, since there are more motors sharing the same load, more motors allows for a higher total motor power output
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are also generally classed as EMUs. The great majority of EMUs are passenger trains, but versions also exist for carrying mail.
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On third rail systems, the outer vehicles usually carry the pick up shoes with the motor vehicles receiving the current via
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A higher degree of redundancy – performance is only minimally affected following the failure of a single motor or brake
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to move the train, and are often combined with the power car to avoid high-voltage inter-car connections.
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Less electrical equipment per train resulting in lower train manufacturing and maintenance costs
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Some of the more famous electric multiple units in the world are high-speed trains: the
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734:"What you need to know about Alstom's hydrogen-powered Coradia iLint – Global Rail News"
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Higher seating capacity, since there is no locomotive; all cars can contain seats.
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are under development. If successful, this would avoid the need for an
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A power car carries the necessary equipment to draw power from the
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class commuter EMU at Howth
Junction railway station, Ireland.
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The multiple unit traction control system was developed by
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Multiple unit train control was first used in the 1890s.
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654:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 8.4 "Electric traction", p.84.
676:"Liverpool Overhead Railway motor coach number 3, 1892"
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Electric locomotives, when compared to EMUs, offer:
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has been coined for hydrogen-powered rail vehicles.
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Electric multiple units, motor coaches and railcars
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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190:as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate
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186:consisting of self-propelled carriages using
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578:Reduced ground vibrations, due to the above
398:Many modern two-car EMU sets are set up as
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458:Javelin. The retired New York–Washington
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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753:"What Drives Electric Multiple Units?"
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707:"Mr Sprague answers Mr Westinghouse"
282:and first applied and tested on the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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24:
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454:in Germany, and the British Rail
264:train can be seen passing through
27:Electric train with no locomotive
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429:Beijing Chaoyang railway station
34:
1135:Railway electrification systems
624:British electric multiple units
537:battery electric multiple units
464:service, first operated by the
45:needs additional citations for
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619:Battery electric multiple unit
516:Battery electric multiple unit
376:Driving cars are similar to a
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387:in a locomotive-hauled train.
256:, 13 May 1979. Next to it, a
1140:Tram electrification systems
955:Electro-diesel multiple unit
609:Electro-diesel multiple unit
284:South Side Elevated Railroad
7:
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544:Comparison with locomotives
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910:Conduit current collection
680:National Museums Liverpool
344:electrified infrastructure
306:train produced by RCF and
273:Liverpool Overhead Railway
227:Liverpool Overhead Railway
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950:Electro-diesel locomotive
930:Railway electric traction
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900:Ground-level power supply
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548:EMUs, when compared with
233:. The first EMUs in 1893.
760:Railway Technology Today
528:NAH.SH BEMU operated in
448:China Railway High-speed
425:China Railway High-speed
293:
69:"Electric multiple unit"
1171:Electric rail transport
1161:Electric multiple units
880:Railway electrification
835:Railway electrification
981:Traction power network
945:Electric multiple unit
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393:intra-unit connections
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241:The prototype unit of
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173:electric multiple unit
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18:Electric Multiple Unit
991:Traction powerstation
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480:Fuel cell development
466:Pennsylvania Railroad
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369:Motor cars carry the
322:Metro-North Railroad
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248:on public display at
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207:diesel multiple units
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800:at Wikimedia Commons
614:Diesel multiple unit
569:regenerative braking
550:electric locomotives
407:As high-speed trains
54:improve this article
986:Traction substation
940:Electric locomotive
905:Stud contact system
705:(18 January 1902).
559:Braking, including
231:Museum of Liverpool
965:Rubber-tyred metro
842:Current collectors
769:on 1 November 2021
740:. 24 October 2017.
738:globalrailnews.com
712:The New York Times
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526:Stadler Flirt Akku
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352:third rail systems
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796:Media related to
648:N. K. De (2004).
440:Frecciarossa 1000
326:married pairs in
302:A 3rd-generation
286:(now part of the
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16:(Redirected from
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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960:Multi-system
944:
864:Contact shoe
859:Trolley pole
771:. Retrieved
764:the original
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716:. Retrieved
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683:. Retrieved
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561:eddy current
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423:operated by
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364:transformers
348:pickup shoes
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328:Port Chester
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152:, Australia.
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1099:Switzerland
1089:Former USSR
1062:New Zealand
895:Fourth rail
508:. The term
356:pantographs
288:Chicago 'L'
209:(DMUs) and
188:electricity
1155:Categories
1000:By country
890:Third rail
854:Pantograph
685:2011-01-21
635:References
565:rheostatic
494:third rail
486:fuel cells
461:Metroliner
450:in China,
444:Shinkansen
417:high-speed
346:, such as
262:103 series
246:201 series
211:locomotive
192:locomotive
80:newspapers
1052:Lithuania
1007:Australia
935:Power car
552:, offer:
504:-powered
456:class 395
436:Pendolino
421:CR400BF-G
150:Melbourne
1072:timeline
1057:Malaysia
773:13 March
603:See also
502:hydrogen
332:New York
200:railcars
136:A 6-car
1109:Ukraine
1027:Germany
1017:Estonia
1012:Austria
718:16 June
567:and/or
530:Germany
510:hydrail
378:cab car
217:History
94:scholar
1104:Turkey
1094:Sweden
1084:Russia
1079:Poland
1067:Norway
1047:Latvia
1022:France
658:
498:Alstom
470:Amtrak
362:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1128:Lists
1042:Japan
1032:India
767:(PDF)
756:(PDF)
575:costs
535:Many
452:ICE 3
312:India
294:Types
254:Tokyo
184:train
179:is a
101:JSTOR
87:books
1037:Iran
775:2022
720:2012
656:ISBN
629:MEMU
438:and
419:EMU
400:twin
358:for
354:and
350:for
308:BHEL
304:MEMU
271:The
260:'s
165:8500
162:DART
73:news
500:’s
492:or
427:at
252:in
243:JNR
177:EMU
175:or
171:An
148:in
56:by
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98:·
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