74:
202:
402:
drilling and blasting. When the tunnels were bored out, they were lined with concrete. First, the floor was lined, followed by the walls, and, finally, the roof. The walls were concreted using wooden shuttering, the space between the shuttering and the rock face was filled with concrete, and the shuttering subsequently removed. The roof was made in the same way, but using curved shuttering balancing on the concrete walls. Concrete was poured down the escape shafts rather than through the tunnel entrances to avoid contamination with the rock leaving the tunnel; these chutes can still be seen in many of the tunnels.
194:
210:
69:
226:
218:
234:
57:
186:
366:
The tunnels are very unstable as, contrary to popular belief, most were bored not into solid granite, but loose shale. This is evident from the large number of roof collapses in the incomplete, unlined tunnels. Most of the tunnels still survive today and are infrequently visited by organised parties
299:
Tunnel construction began in 1941, shortly before Hitler's
October 1941 decree that the islands be defended. The tunnels were constructed at strategic points around the island. Most of the tunnels were for shelter or storage, but some were used as part of and to link fortifications in strong points
401:
Where possible, the tunnel routes avoided granite and instead they were routed through looser shale rock formations; this speeded up construction and was less labour-intensive, but it could also be dangerous due to an increased risk of rockfalls. The tunnels were dug by the traditional method of
393:
railway in a loop running around the whole complex and a small platform for loading supplies; they usually had two entrances so that vehicles could continuously enter and exit the complex. Personnel tunnels were built like a grid; the railway was often removed after construction was complete.
320:
drastically reduced the resources available for the construction of tunnels on the island. During 1944, there was a shortage of raw materials, so effort was diverted to finish only the most complete tunnels. On 9 May 1945, construction stopped with the liberation of Jersey.
328:
Immediately after the war, the
British used the tunnels: soon after the Liberation of the Channel Islands, some military equipment was moved and stored in the tunnels. For example, Ho1 stored weapons, Ho2 stored small equipment such as helmets, gas masks, fuel,
324:
Only a few tunnels were actually used by the
Germans: Ho1, Ho4, Ho5, and Ho8; of these, only one was actually completed (Ho5) and the others were used while partially completed with unfinished galleries being walled off, or left with pit props in place.
358:
Post 1962, all the tunnels were thoroughly cleared of German equipment (apart from the museum, Ho1 due to roof collapse and Ho4 due to masses of barbed wire, roof collapses and unexploded ordnance) after a tragedy in which two souvenir hunters died of
282:
All the tunnels except for Ho5 are incomplete, and some never progressed beyond planning. The partly complete tunnels are, nonetheless, substantial in size. Completed sections were used for various purposes such as storage.
340:
During the 1950s scrap metal drive, the tunnels were mostly cleared and sealed. Under Jersey law, a landowner owns everything beneath his land, down to the centre of the earth, so all the tunnels are privately owned.
397:
In all, 19–25 storage tunnels were planned but, due to the almost wholesale destruction of primary source material before the surrender, the exact number is unknown (although the number where work began is known).
1755:
286:
In 1944, when construction stopped, 244,000 m of rock had been extracted for tunnel digging collectively from
Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney (the majority from Jersey). At the same point in 1944, the entire
966:
382:
The tunnels were dug into the sides of hills, into rock. This means that incomplete tunnels remain mostly intact, due to the strength of the unsupported rock. Completed sections are lined with
2306:
2197:
2192:
2202:
971:
713:
German Armour in the
Channel Islands 1941–1945, Channel Islands Occupation Society (Jersey Branch), Panzer Abteuilung 213 in Text and Pictures, Archives Book 4, By Micheal Ginns
2182:
2121:
2116:
2326:
2187:
956:
347:
is the only tunnel open to the public without special permission from the land owner; it was opened to the public in 1946 by the
British army, then gifted to the
2111:
2106:
2177:
976:
405:
Contrary to popular belief, there were relatively few accidents and deaths in the building programme itself, but many slave labourers died of starvation.
2101:
2096:
2301:
581:
Queens Road Power
Station – Queens Road – Used to supply electricity to the whole Island including tunnels (tunnels would also have backup generators)
961:
1337:
981:
840:
275:
can be translated as "cave passage installations". The
Channel Island tunnels are the only ones on the Atlantic wall to be referred to as
2316:
2220:
1446:
951:
591:
253:
177:
1028:
913:
472:
Ho16 – Personnel
Shelter – West side of Beaumont Valley at road level – Incomplete, abandoned (not known if still in existence).
1394:
1837:
1384:
625:
1832:
448:– Artillery quarters – St Peter's Valley & Cap Verd – Incomplete but converted to hospital, and now a visitor attraction
1503:
1369:
1210:
542:
Stützpunkt
Corbiere – Communications tunnel between bunkers – La Corbiere – Completed, bunkers open to the public by CIOS
1374:
1842:
1006:
946:
635:
389:
There was a basic design of storage and personnel tunnel. Storage tunnels incorporated a 600-millimetre (24 in)
433:
Ho4 – Munitions store – West side of Grand Vaux Valley – Incomplete but used (now used by Jersey Water for storage).
1023:
355:. After a lawsuit by the owners of the land above, it became privately owned but still operates as a museum today.
572:
Stream Culvert – Beaumont Valley (used to protect stream from planned dumping of rubble)- intact visible from road
436:
Ho5 – Fuel store – St. Aubin, Railway Walk – Complete, but used for munitions, now in use by the States of Jersey.
352:
394:
Completed tunnels would have been lined in concrete, and have drainage, lighting, and air conditioning systems.
201:
2007:
481:
Ho19 – Electricity works – first entrance from town La Folie, St Helier – Incomplete, used by States of Jersey.
424:
Ho1 – Munitions store – West side of La Route d'Aleval – Incomplete but used, recently used as a mushroom farm
2139:
2050:
2012:
1936:
1359:
1332:
2040:
1974:
1644:
1555:
1493:
1354:
1255:
536:
Ho Mole Verclut – Casemate complex – Verclut Point (Gibraltar Rock) – Completed now in use by Jersey Turbot
2149:
2078:
1964:
1827:
1401:
1205:
1013:
906:
2045:
1997:
316:. The Germans used a variety of labour sources, most being forced. After Todt's death in February 1942,
2311:
2296:
1498:
1310:
723:
578:
Power Station – St Peter's Valley, Tesson Mill area – Main building and reservoir can be seen from road
515:
Eastern Railway Connecting tunnel – 2nd entrance at La Folie under Mt. Bingham – Incomplete, in use by
439:
Ho6 – Personnel shelter – L'Aleval, exact location unknown – Unknown if ever got past exploratory stage
291:
from Norway to the Franco-Spanish border, excluding the Channel Islands, had extracted some 225,000 m.
2321:
2240:
1629:
1518:
1305:
1184:
1134:
1111:
847:
545:
Batterie Derfflinger – Gun battery with accommodation – Le Mont de la Rocque, St. Brelade – completed
516:
1992:
2144:
2002:
1913:
1875:
1847:
1624:
1379:
1364:
1327:
1179:
1164:
539:
Stützpunkt Doktorhaus – Personnel Bunker with Machine Gun post – Mont Matthieu St. Ouen – Completed
189:
Plan of Ho2, a ration store. Tunnels were built to similar designs depending on their intended use
73:
2159:
1783:
1456:
1200:
554:– Gun battery with tunnel system – Les Landes Common, St Ouen – completed, open to public by CIOS
2235:
1946:
2266:
1880:
1773:
1734:
1634:
1317:
1101:
1049:
899:
442:
Ho7 – Artillery reserves – Cap Verd – Exploratory work only (rear entrance to Ho8 is also here)
1969:
1659:
209:
2154:
2035:
1941:
1903:
1822:
1639:
1174:
193:
1918:
1865:
1763:
1716:
1423:
1322:
478:
Ho18 – Hospital – Westmount, disused mine/civilian air raid shelter – Planning Stage Only.
8:
2230:
1984:
1870:
1740:
1674:
1587:
1543:
1441:
1349:
1268:
1240:
1228:
1125:
1018:
2225:
2169:
2030:
1928:
1806:
1696:
1689:
1550:
1289:
1250:
1169:
996:
312:(specialist mining battalion), the RAD (state labour for 17- and 18-year-olds) and the
68:
2259:
2022:
1908:
1706:
1649:
1608:
1582:
1481:
1436:
1245:
1149:
991:
931:
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596:
445:
343:
313:
261:
140:
2131:
2073:
1767:
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1565:
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1419:
1344:
1086:
1076:
348:
2275:
2212:
2088:
2065:
1956:
1701:
1679:
1575:
1538:
1533:
1461:
1389:
1159:
1106:
360:
1154:
548:
Batterie Seydlitz – Gun battery with accommodation – Le Mont du Coin, St Brelade
454:
Ho10 – Ration store – Grands Vaux, between Mont Neron and Ruisseaux – Incomplete
1778:
1592:
1570:
1096:
1071:
1054:
1001:
551:
265:
1091:
815:
793:
771:
759:
2290:
2055:
1669:
1664:
1411:
1273:
1059:
601:
485:
288:
225:
139:
Festungsbaubataillone, 4/Gesteinsbohr-Kompanie Btl. 77, Reichsarbeitsdienst,
39:
1525:
1513:
1066:
330:
317:
217:
110:
One open to the public, others can be visited with land owners permission.
1729:
1684:
1508:
390:
334:
1654:
557:
Batterie Schliefen – Small wood lined tunnel – Verclut, Grouville – lost
1895:
1081:
1885:
1857:
1814:
1802:
1263:
371:
1451:
233:
56:
1430:
1033:
864:
737:
383:
301:
151:
891:
185:
886:
451:
Ho9 – Electricity works – Bellozanne Valley – Planning stage only
881:
427:
Ho2 – Ration store – East side of La Route d'Aleval – Incomplete
922:
533:
Ho Etaquerel – Casemate complex – L'Etacq, St. Ouen – Completed
463:
Ho13 – Munition store – East side Beaumont Valley – Incomplete.
257:
249:
245:
159:
47:
155:
2307:
Military history of the Channel Islands during World War II
497:
Ho23 – Personnel Shelter – Grouville Marsh – Planning Stage
627:
The Channel Islands 1941–45: Hitler's Impregnable Fortress
704:
Jersey's German Tunnels by Michael Ginns MBE, CIOS Jersey
333:, and field kitchens. Ho13 stored Panzer Abteilung 213's
500:
Ho24/25 – Greve de Lecq Valley/St. Ouen – Planning Stage
469:
Ho15 – Store – West side of Beaumont Valley – Incomplete
575:
Stone Crusher – L'Aleval, between Ho2 entrances – ruins
460:
Ho12 – Fuel store – La Commune – Exploratory work only.
374:
pandemic; fortunately the pandemic never materialised.
370:
There were plans to use some of the tunnels during the
237:
One of the entrances to Ho1, a privately owned tunnel
118:
One fully restored, others maintained, most abandoned
882:Channel Islands Occupation Society (Jersey Branch)
700:
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664:
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510:Tunnels designed only for use as railway tunnels
2327:German occupation of Jersey during World War II
457:Ho11 – Personnel shelter – Planning stage only
907:
651:
528:Either stand alone or as part of emplacements
494:Ho22 – Stores – Rozel Valley – Planning Stage
491:Ho21 – Stores – Jubilee Hill – Planning Stage
61:The northernmost entrance to Ho2 in St. Peter
619:
617:
430:Ho3 – Munitions store – Planning stage only.
294:
205:This rail tunnel formed the entrance to Ho5
914:
900:
887:Official website of the Jersey War Tunnels
623:
561:
377:
2302:World War II sites in the Channel Islands
1007:Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS)
760:Hohlganganlage 1 Munitions Storage Tunnel
614:
1801:
624:Stephenson, Charles (28 February 2006).
592:German occupation of the Channel Islands
466:Ho14 – Fuel store – Planning stage only.
232:
224:
216:
208:
200:
192:
184:
178:German occupation of the Channel Islands
300:(such as at Corbière) and were part of
2289:
1395:List of members of the States Assembly
1133:
567:Infrastructure used to support tunnels
304:. The tunnels were constructed by the
252:by occupying German forces during the
143:, various contractors German and local
1800:
952:German occupation during World War II
895:
835:
833:
260:to protect troops and equipment from
1504:Jersey Financial Services Commission
522:
308:(fortress construction battalions),
921:
78:Flag of the German occupying forces
16:WW2 German fortifications on Jersey
13:
2317:World War II sites of Nazi Germany
830:
504:
413:
169:Some (by both Germans and British)
14:
2338:
875:
846:. Jersey Tourism. Archived from
724:"German Equipment stored in Ho2"
72:
67:
55:
1338:Customs and Immigration Service
857:
310:4/Gesteinsbohr-Kompanie Btl. 77
808:
786:
764:
752:
730:
716:
707:
408:
100:States & private ownership
1:
607:
419:Tunnels used only for storage
386:floors, walls, and ceilings.
256:. The Germans intended these
7:
865:"Jersey War Tunnels Museum"
585:
10:
2343:
1499:Jersey Electricity Company
818:. Explorationcentral.co.uk
796:. Explorationcentral.co.uk
774:. Explorationcentral.co.uk
92:Owner of land above tunnel
2253:
2211:
2168:
2130:
2087:
2064:
2021:
1983:
1955:
1927:
1894:
1856:
1838:de Haut du Mont au Prêtre
1813:
1796:
1754:
1715:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1489:
1480:
1410:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1236:
1227:
1193:
1185:Highlands College, Jersey
1142:
1124:
1042:
939:
930:
475:Ho17 – Unknown – Unknown.
173:
165:
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135:
127:
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114:
104:
96:
88:
83:
66:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
2198:de la Petite Longueville
2193:de la Grande Longueville
1833:de Bas du Mont au Prêtre
1380:Procureur du Bien Public
1211:St Michael's Preparatory
1165:Jersey College for Girls
295:History 1941–present day
213:The main entrance of Ho8
2117:Cueillette de Vinchelez
1201:Beaulieu Convent School
562:Associated with tunnels
378:Construction and design
2221:de la Ville-à-l'Évêque
2122:Cueillette de Léoville
1735:ITV Channel Television
1260:Places in the islands
1102:Jersey Eastern Railway
1092:La Corbière Lighthouse
1050:La Cotte de St Brelade
1024:Coastal fortifications
841:"The Occupation Trail"
726:. Jersey Evening Post.
238:
230:
222:
221:Central section of Ho2
214:
206:
198:
190:
2112:Cueillette de Millais
2107:Cueillette de Grantez
1640:Durrell Wildlife Park
306:Festungsbaubataillone
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
196:
188:
2008:du Coin Tourgis Nord
1333:Council of Ministers
1323:Government of Jersey
853:on 25 November 2011.
740:. Jersey War Tunnels
738:"Jersey War Tunnels"
268:in their own right.
254:occupation of Jersey
197:The entrance to Ho19
2051:du Fief de la Reine
2013:du Coin Tourgis Sud
1741:Jersey Evening Post
1675:Jersey Royal potato
1660:Jèrriais literature
1544:Visite du Branchage
1442:Jersey Legal French
1360:Lieutenant Governor
1206:De La Salle College
367:(with permission).
1556:Telecommunications
1494:Financial services
1355:External relations
997:Battery Lothringen
992:War Tunnels Museum
982:Sechsschartentürme
816:"Hohlganganlage 5"
794:"Hohlganganlage 4"
772:"Hohlganganlage 2"
363:poisoning in Ho2.
239:
231:
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215:
207:
199:
191:
97:Controlled by
2312:History of Jersey
2297:Tunnels in Jersey
2284:
2283:
2249:
2248:
2183:de Sous la Hougue
2102:Grande Cueillette
2097:Petite Cueillette
1828:du Rouge Bouillon
1792:
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1750:
1749:
1655:Jèrriais language
1625:Battle of Flowers
1603:
1602:
1528:(former currency)
1476:
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1472:
1471:
1437:HM Prison La Moye
1370:Political parties
1284:
1283:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1120:
1119:
597:Hohlgangsanlage 8
523:Fortified Tunnels
344:Hohlgangsanlage 8
314:Organisation Todt
183:
182:
141:Organisation Todt
2334:
2322:Nazi subterranea
2269:
2262:
2203:de Sous l'Église
1937:Grande Vingtaine
1843:du Mont à l'Abbé
1798:
1797:
1768:Beautiful Jersey
1725:BBC Radio Jersey
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1566:Newtel Solutions
1561:JT Group Limited
1529:
1487:
1486:
1345:Duke of Normandy
1299:
1298:
1295:
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1233:
1180:Victoria College
1140:
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1087:Battle of Jersey
1077:Elizabeth Castle
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621:
349:States of Jersey
277:Hohlgangsanlagen
244:are a number of
84:Site information
76:
71:
59:
50:
24:Hohlgangsanlagen
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2150:Grand Vingtaine
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2017:
1979:
1951:
1923:
1890:
1852:
1809:
1788:
1746:
1711:
1630:Catholic Church
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1576:Airtel-Vodafone
1527:
1468:
1406:
1390:States Assembly
1365:Parish Assembly
1280:
1215:
1189:
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1107:Jersey Heritage
1038:
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552:Batterie Moltke
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505:Railway Tunnels
484:Ho20 – Tunnel-
416:
414:Storage Tunnels
411:
380:
361:carbon monoxide
297:
273:Hohlgangsanlage
248:constructed in
242:Hohlgangsanlage
229:A tunnel in Ho8
107:the public
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62:
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17:
12:
11:
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2003:du Coin Motier
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1998:du Coin Hâtain
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1985:Saint Lawrence
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1914:des Quennevais
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1876:de Longueville
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1848:du Mont Cochon
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1784:Liberation Day
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2267:Bibliography
2188:des Pigneaux
2056:Les Écréhous
2023:Saint Martin
1993:de la Vallée
1881:de la Rocque
1774:Coat of arms
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1514:Jersey pound
1429:
1318:Constitution
1155:Haute Valleé
1067:Mont Orgueil
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977:Deportations
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848:the original
820:. Retrieved
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123:Site history
105:Open to
30:
18:
2155:des Augerez
2132:Saint Peter
2046:de l'Église
2036:de Faldouet
1942:du Rocquier
1904:de Noirmont
1823:de la Ville
1730:Channel 103
1690:Opera House
1685:Jersey Live
1509:Jersey Post
1269:Saint Aubin
1194:Independent
1170:Le Rocquier
947:Archaeology
409:The tunnels
335:Char B1 bis
2291:Categories
2236:des Augrès
2178:de Maufant
2089:Saint Ouen
2066:Saint Mary
1957:Saint John
1947:de Samarès
1919:de la Moye
1896:St Brelade
1866:des Marais
1803:Vingtaines
1665:Jersey cow
1650:Eisteddfod
1635:Demography
1375:Connétable
1256:Reservoirs
1150:Grainville
1143:Government
1082:Corn Riots
962:Resistance
957:Evacuation
608:References
166:Demolished
2231:du Rondin
1970:de Hérupe
1871:de la Rue
1858:Grouville
1815:St Helier
1645:Education
1588:Transport
1539:Committee
1447:Judiciary
1402:Viscounts
1350:Elections
1264:St Helier
1241:Geography
1229:Geography
1126:Education
1043:Specifics
1034:Perquages
1019:Windmills
940:Overviews
822:1 October
800:1 October
778:1 October
744:1 October
643:1 October
372:Swine flu
302:casemates
271:The word
148:Materials
131:1941–1945
115:Condition
2276:Category
2226:de Rozel
2140:du Douet
2031:de Rozel
1975:du Douet
1697:Religion
1551:Taxation
1462:Honorary
1431:Greffier
1290:Politics
1251:Parishes
1160:Hautlieu
1029:Maritime
1014:COVID-19
586:See also
384:concrete
152:Concrete
38:Part of
2260:Outline
2213:Trinity
2079:du Nord
1965:du Nord
1909:du Coin
1756:Symbols
1707:Theatre
1609:Culture
1593:airport
1583:Tourism
1482:Economy
1306:Bailiff
1246:Geology
1135:Schools
1055:Dolmens
932:History
351:by the
337:tanks.
258:bunkers
246:tunnels
2074:du Sud
1807:parish
1764:Anthem
1526:Livre
1457:Police
1420:Courts
923:Jersey
634:
250:Jersey
174:Events
160:timber
158:, and
48:Jersey
1717:Media
1702:Sport
1680:Music
1534:Roads
1519:coins
1452:Jurat
1424:Royal
1274:Gorey
851:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
391:gauge
156:steel
128:Built
89:Owner
1779:Flag
1571:Sure
1311:list
824:2012
802:2012
780:2012
746:2012
645:2012
632:ISBN
1805:by
1412:Law
517:JEC
446:Ho8
2293::
832:^
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1766:(
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