300:, Warmquelle and the Khowarib Gorge. The highest point of the watershed is at 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). The rainfall in the catchment area is sporadic and varies from zero in the west to 325 millimetres (12.8 in) per year in the northeast. The proportion of area with less than 100 millimetres (3.9 in) per year is 71 percent. In only 12 percent of the catchment area is the annual rainfall over 300 millimetres (12 in) per year. The Hoanib flows only every few years from heavy rainfall in the hinterland of the catchment area, but then the flood wave can be several meters high and may last for several days. Not always, but more often in recent years, the water reaches the mouth in the Atlantic. A large part of the water seeps into and contributes to a large dense subsurface aquifer from the exits at various points in the river bed, so that even in dry years there is groundwater. Surrounding groundwater forms efflorescence used by many antelope as salt licks. During dry periods the Hoanib desert elephant dig deep holes to reach the near-surface groundwater.
25:
91:
366:
gorge, in a flood area east of
Sesfontein and the lower reaches and mouth area, the Hoanib is a linear oasis in the otherwise arid surroundings, providing livelihood for a rich wildlife. In addition to larger populations of many species of antelope found in the lower reaches of the Hoanib, are also a
244:. Its length is 27 kilometres (17 mi). With the low population density in the area, the oasis character of the river valley and the relatively high wildlife population of the Hoanib, like in the case of the
395:
belongs to the concession area of Desert
Adventure Safaris. The increasing tourism, but also the grazing pressure of the local population and the greed of mining pose a growing threat to this unique ecosystem.
292:(including its tributaries) is estimated to be between 15760 and 17,200 km (6,600 sq mi). It extends from the west coast to Ojiovasando and the
261:
216:
392:
277:
273:
269:
265:
224:
220:
200:
196:
536:
375:
91% of the catchment area is on
Communal Land in tribal government; 3% is on privately owned land over 12 farms and 6% is in the range of the
388:
384:
457:
257:
212:
502:
363:
367:
large number of desert elephants (about 35 individuals), rhinos, giraffes, as well as several lion prides, and smaller predators.
423:
391:. The land use is predominantly pastoral. Individual and adventure tourism is becoming important there. West of Sesfontein, the
514:
256:, it is characterised by strong wind and water eroded, weathered stone deposits (up to 10 m height). Inflows of Hoanib are
580:
68:
46:
39:
236:
is one of the 12 ephemeral seasonal rivers in the west of
Namibia, where it used to be the border between northern
440:
376:
575:
33:
522:
50:
329:
425:
Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western
Namibia
8:
510:
480:
472:
436:
341:
323:
317:
253:
335:
359:
289:
139:
569:
551:
538:
484:
476:
123:
315:(87%) and the northern Namib, at 13%. Some larger collections of Ana trees (
501:
Klaus Hüser, Helga Besler, Wolf Dieter Blümel, Klaus Heine, Hartmut Leser,
293:
134:
355:
Often several meters high, sour grasses and reeds grow in the wetlands.
380:
297:
237:
379:. The population is estimated at around 9200. Settlement centers are
241:
90:
432:
245:
526:
422:
Jacobson, Peter J.; Jacobson, Kathryn M.; Seely, Mary K. (1995).
312:
249:
347:
309:
435:: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. pp. 126–127.
296:
of the interior. It also includes the resource-rich region
248:, its valley is one of the last true wilderness areas in
421:
308:The vegetation of the catchment comprises mainly
567:
455:
507:Namibia – Eine Landschaftskunde in Bildern
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
458:"Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia"
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
521:The ecology of desert-dwelling giraffe (
32:This article includes a list of general
509:. Klaus Hess, Göttingen/Windhoek 2001,
406:
303:
568:
173:17,200 km (6,600 sq mi)
370:
18:
16:Ephemeral seasonal river in Namibia
13:
252:. One of the last settlements of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
592:
351:are found in the gallery forests
89:
23:
362:and the larger wetlands in the
449:
1:
399:
170:
159:
101:Physical characteristics
525:angolensis) in northwestern
377:Skeleton Coast National Park
283:
147: • elevation
7:
119: • location
10:
597:
581:Geography of Kunene Region
206:
190:
182:
177:
166:
162:270 km (170 mi)
155:
145:
133:
129:
117:
109:
105:
100:
88:
83:
519:Julian Thomas Fennessy:
495:
456:Strohbach, B.J. (2008).
208: • right
192: • left
53:more precise citations.
523:Giraffa camelopardalis
330:Colophospermum mopane
530:. Diss., Sydney 2004
304:Flora and vegetation
151:0 m (0 ft)
548: /
178:Basin features
371:Use and settlement
576:Rivers of Namibia
552:19.383°S 13.100°E
515:978-3-933117-14-4
324:Combretum imberbe
318:Faidherbia albida
230:
229:
95:Hoanib floodplain
79:
78:
71:
588:
563:
562:
560:
559:
558:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
489:
488:
462:
453:
447:
446:
430:
419:
333:), Camel Thorn (
254:desert elephants
209:
193:
172:
161:
120:
93:
81:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
596:
595:
591:
590:
589:
587:
586:
585:
566:
565:
557:-19.383; 13.100
556:
554:
550:
547:
542:
539:
537:
535:
534:
498:
493:
492:
460:
454:
450:
443:
428:
420:
407:
402:
373:
360:gallery forests
336:Acacia erioloba
306:
286:
262:Otjitaimo River
217:Otjitaimo River
207:
191:
148:
118:
96:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
594:
584:
583:
578:
532:
531:
517:
497:
494:
491:
490:
448:
441:
404:
403:
401:
398:
372:
369:
305:
302:
290:catchment area
285:
282:
228:
227:
210:
204:
203:
194:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
168:
164:
163:
157:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
140:Atlantic Ocean
137:
131:
130:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
86:
85:
77:
76:
59:September 2019
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
593:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
571:
564:
561:
529:
528:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
452:
444:
438:
434:
427:
426:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
405:
397:
394:
393:Hoanib Valley
390:
386:
382:
378:
368:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
325:
321:), Leadwood (
320:
319:
314:
311:
301:
299:
295:
291:
288:The Hoanib's
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
226:
225:Tsuchub River
222:
221:Ganamub River
218:
214:
211:
205:
202:
201:Mudorib River
198:
197:Ombonde River
195:
189:
185:
181:
176:
169:
165:
158:
154:
150:
144:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
125:
124:Kunene Region
122:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
92:
87:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
533:
520:
506:
468:
464:
451:
424:
374:
357:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
307:
287:
233:
231:
84:Hoanib River
65:
56:
37:
555: /
461:(PDF 1.0MB)
429:(PDF 8.7MB)
389:Otjivasando
327:), Mopane (
294:Black Peaks
183:Tributaries
51:introducing
570:Categories
442:9991670947
400:References
385:Warmquelle
381:Sesfontein
298:Sesfontein
238:Damaraland
167:Basin size
34:references
485:940637734
477:1015-2334
471:: 63–73.
358:With its
342:Salvadora
284:Hydrology
258:Aap River
242:Kaokoland
213:Aap River
503:Uwe Rust
465:Agricola
433:Windhoek
364:Khowarib
246:Hoarusib
543:13°06′E
540:19°23′S
527:Namibia
313:savanna
274:Mudorib
270:Ganamub
266:Ombonde
250:Namibia
47:improve
513:
483:
475:
439:
348:Euclea
310:Mopane
278:Tsuxub
234:Hoanib
186:
156:Length
113:
110:Source
36:, but
496:Notes
135:Mouth
511:ISBN
481:OCLC
473:ISSN
469:2008
437:ISBN
387:and
383:and
345:and
276:and
240:and
232:The
339:),
572::
505::
479:.
467:.
463:.
431:.
408:^
280:.
272:,
268:,
264:,
260:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
199:,
171:c.
160:c.
487:.
445:.
353:.
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
