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685:). The Senate asked the Court if a bill entitled "An Act to incorporate the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Canada" was within the authority of the federal government to enact. Only four Justices were in attendance. Justices Ritchie, Strong, and Fournier held, without providing reasons, that the bill was within exclusive provincial authority. Chief Justice Richards abstained, expressing doubts as to whether the Court had jurisdiction to hear references of private members' bills. It was not until June 1876 that the Court heard its first case with
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In 1890, a new wing extending North of the building was constructed providing a basement, two additional storeys, and an attic, which nearly doubled the size of the courthouse facilities. The Court occupied this building until 1949, when they moved into a purpose-built building on
Wellington Street,
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The
Constitution does not provide that such a court shall be established. There are many arguments for and against the establishment of such a court. But it was thought wise and expedient to put into the Constitution a power to the General Legislature, that, if after full consideration they think it
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as Chief
Justice has resulted in a more centrist and unified court. Dissenting and concurring reasons are fewer than during the Dickson and Lamer Courts. The court has also seen some of the lowest numbers of decisions released in a year. In 2006, only 59 judgments were released, the smallest number
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At the outset, the
Supreme Court was to be staffed by six justices. In addition, each of the six justices also sat individually as judges of the newly created Exchequer Court. This arrangement did not change until 1887 when the judges of the two courts were separated by legislative amendment. The
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as Chief
Justice in 1973 represented a major turning point for the Supreme Court. Many of the Laskin Court justices were either academics or well-respected practitioners, most had several years experience in appellate courts. Laskin's federalist and liberal views were an influence in many of the
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101. The
Parliament of Canada may, notwithstanding anything in this Act, from Time to Time provide for the Constitution, Maintenance, and Organization of a General Court of Appeal for Canada, and for the Establishment of any additional Courts for the better Administration of the Laws of
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After
Confederation in 1867, there was a growing movement to create a final court of appeal for the new country. Nonetheless, it took eight years before the Supreme Court would finally be established due to unresolved tensions between various political factions. Macdonald, along with
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The six member structure of the Court inevitably resulted in several even split decisions, and it was eventually increased to seven in 1927. In 1949, with the abolition of appeals to the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the complement of judges was increased again to nine.
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The court was inaugurated on
November 18, 1875. However, there was a paucity of appeals to the Court in its first year. Thus, on the first sitting of the Court on Monday, January 17, 1876, the Court adjourned immediately as there was no case before the bench.
503:, and in 1869 a first draft of the legislation was submitted to Parliament. It appears that Macdonald had intended that this bill "was rather more for the purpose of suggestion and consideration than for a final measure which Government hoped to become law."
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demonstrated to them that Privy
Council rulings could not always be sensitive to their religious culture. Macdonald's government, however, became preoccupied with other matters and fell in 1873 without further success in establishing a supreme court.
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also allocated two of the six positions to Quebec in recognition of the unique civil law system employed by the province. Of the seats not reserved for Quebec, Mackenzie would appoint two justices from Ontario, and two from outside central Canada.
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significantly changed the role of the Court in Canadian society, by providing the Court with greater powers of oversight over Parliament and through formal recognition of civil rights including aboriginal rights and equality rights.
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To recognize the growing importance of Ontario in the Confederation and to compensate for its acceptance of the same number of seats as Quebec in the newly formed Court, there was pressure to appoint an Ontarian as the
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who lost his seat for his role as a Father of Confederation. The average age of the first six members of the Court was fifty-seven years, which would in fact be one of the youngest benches in the history of the Court.
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618:, the chief justice of Ontario and formerly the attorney-general of Canada West, was ultimately appointed as Chief Justice. Samuel Henry Strong, who helped draft the 1869 proposal and was a judge on the
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Nonetheless, those strongly loyal to the English tradition opposed it and managed to get both the 1869 bill and a revised bill of 1870 withdrawn from Parliament. Additionally, there was resistance from
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in Canada since 1949. Its history may be divided into three general eras. From its inception in 1875 until 1949, the Court served as an intermediate appellate court subject to appeal to the
366:. Following 1949, the Court gained importance and legitimacy as the court of last resort in Canada, establishing a greater role for the Canadian judiciary. In 1982, the introduction of the
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power of the federal government to be exceptionally limited. Many of these decisions had the result of striking down a number of reforms proposed by both the Conservative Government of
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listed the creation of a central court of appeal as part of their campaign platform. When the Mackenzie government ultimately took power, the issue was again mentioned in the
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The Dickson Court oversaw some of the most fundamental changes in Canadian jurisprudence. The court decided many foundational cases for Charter jurisprudence, including
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for criminal appeals in 1933 and for all other appeals in 1949. The last Canadian case heard by the Privy Council was in 1959, as the case had been grandfathered.
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prior to 1867, it was contemplated that a national court of appeal would be created to sit at the top of the Canadian legal hierarchy, especially to deal with
661:, where the press raised concerns about the structure of the Court and the lack of commercial experience of the civil law jurists (both of whom were from the
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selection of the initial members of the Court reflected a desire to establish legitimacy to the public and achieve regional representation across Canada. The
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court's decisions. The change in direction of the court proved somewhat controversial. Laskin's style was abrasive enough that it provoked Justice
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strongly reflected this view in their decisions which became increasingly unpopular. In many of their decisions they interpreted the
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963:'s criminal law background proved an influence on the number of criminal cases heard by the court during his time as Chief Justice.
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only protected procedural rights by including substantive rights as well. This case was later followed up with the decision of
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on the southwest corner of the West Block of Parliament Hill (facing Bank Street). The building was originally designed by
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advisable to establish a General Court of Appeal from all the Superior Courts of all the provinces, they may do so.
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There were some concerns over the establishment of general court of appeal. The largely Anglophone population of
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with the permissive power ("may") rather than the imperative ("shall") to create a general court of appeal:
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For its first five years of existence, the Court moved around among various vacant rooms in the
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The ambivalent attitude toward the court during the Confederation Debates was displayed by
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3 SCR 1077. This would continue in the Lamer Court era with subsequent decisions such as
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In the early days all cases could be appealed from the Supreme Court of Canada to the
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That April the Court was given a reference question from the Canadian Senate (in
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in 1881 for the Supreme Court, which shared the building for six years with the
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Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, Local 580 v Dolphin Delivery Ltd
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Among the most notable cases to go through the court in this period included
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for judicial independence. The Supreme Court of Canada formally became the
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The transformation of the Supreme Court of Canada: an empirical examination
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The last years of the Dickson Court saw an entire revision of the area of
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passed with bipartisan support, which simultaneously established both the
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area, leaving Montréal, then the largest city in Canada, unrepresented).
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1161:"The Supreme Court of Canada: Its History, Powers and Responsibilities"
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to take early retirement. His promotion to Chief Justice also upset
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of 1874. A new Supreme Court Bill was introduced to Parliament by
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The Dickson Court era also saw the beginning of a major shift in
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Public reaction to the appointments were mixed, especially in
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and an early supporter of the Supreme Court of Canada, c. 1867
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Supreme at last: the evolution of the Supreme Court of Canada
917:, with the "pragmatic and functional approach" appearing in
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Attitudinal decision making in the Supreme Court of Canada
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The Supreme Court of Canada: History of the Institution
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Establishment of the Court by the Mackenzie Government
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Captive Court: A Study of the Supreme Court of Canada
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Re "The Brothers of the Christian Schools in Canada"
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Union des Employes de Service, Local 298 v Bibeault
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Reference re a Resolution to amend the Constitution
835:2 SCR 1299, the court established the standard for
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1325:Ostberg, Cynthia L; Matthew E. Wetstein (2007),
798:Independence as court of last resort (1949–1982)
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1383:Charter trends of the Supreme Court of Canada
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691:(which was given the court file number one).
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1767:Northwest Territories capital cities
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937:Morguard Investments Ltd v De Savoye
610:. The position was first offered to
562:in February 1875. On April 8, 1875,
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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1237:The Supreme and Exchequer Court Act
1076:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
750:Under the Privy Council (1875–1949)
703:Interior of Supreme Court courtroom
564:The Supreme and Exchequer Court Act
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1276:"Workshops, The Old Supreme Court"
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1190:Constitution Act, 1867, s 101
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832:R v Sault Ste-Marie (City of)
632:Quebec Court of Queen's Bench
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29:This article
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2972:Bibliography
2894:Coat of arms
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2799:Architecture
2769:Homelessness
2620:Demographics
2539:Floriculture
2475:Human rights
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2443:Peacekeeping
2372:Constitution
2294:
2235:Great Plains
2210:
2162:Saskatchewan
2005:
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1835:Bibliography
1687:Saskatchewan
1585:Peacekeeping
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1488:1982–present
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1284:. Retrieved
1282:. 2013-06-24
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866:
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844:
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806:
803:Laskin Court
753:
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717:
686:
682:
680:
676:
667:
656:
623:
612:Edward Blake
604:
584:
581:
563:
538:
513:Guibord case
505:
501:Henry Strong
497:Edward Blake
485:
480:
468:
466:
461:
445:
398:
383:
351:
349:
226:Mahmud Jamal
211:Malcolm Rowe
206:Suzanne Côté
150:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2854:Individuals
2662:2021 Census
2647:Immigration
2529:Agriculture
2490:Transgender
2330:Great Lakes
2310:Earthquakes
2264:Great Lakes
2171:Territories
2142:Nova Scotia
2061:Monarchical
2046:Immigration
1777:Quebec City
1732:Fredericton
1667:Nova Scotia
1592:Monarchical
1563:Immigration
956:Lamer Court
930:by Justice
902:due process
843:1 SCR 753 (
809:Bora Laskin
663:Quebec City
648:Nova Scotia
646:, a former
539:During the
409:Canada East
401:Canada West
384:During the
248:All members
236:Mary Moreau
2982:Historians
2839:Literature
2752:Corruption
2735:Euthanasia
2725:Healthcare
2667:Population
2389:Parliament
2359:Government
1996:since 1982
1845:Historians
1782:Saint John
1747:Lethbridge
1580:Operations
1286:2015-06-01
1218:HeinOnline
1175:2 November
1139:0802034179
1036:References
1022:Law portal
511:until the
475:Parliament
450:(then the
66:newspapers
2757:Terrorism
2713:Education
2652:Languages
2640:Ethnicity
2635:Canadians
2583:Petroleum
2563:Companies
2465:Elections
2345:Volcanism
2320:Mountains
2202:Geography
2110:Provinces
2100:Provinces
2031:Etymology
1991:1960–1981
1986:1945–1960
1944:Year list
1807:Vancouver
1797:Saskatoon
1622:Provinces
1536:Etymology
1506:Canadians
1483:1960–1981
1478:1945–1960
1473:1914–1945
1468:1867–1914
1463:1763–1867
1458:1534–1763
1439:Year list
881:R v Oakes
526:, second
467:When the
141:The Court
124:of Canada
3041:Category
3025:Category
2965:Research
2939:Contents
2921:Heraldic
2829:Identity
2824:Holidays
2819:Folklore
2730:Abortion
2657:Religion
2595:Taxation
2502:Cannabis
2480:Intersex
2456:Politics
2428:Military
2340:Wildlife
2127:Manitoba
2056:Military
2026:Economic
1951:timeline
1869:Category
1828:Research
1812:Winnipeg
1762:Montreal
1742:Hamilton
1727:Edmonton
1717:Brampton
1642:Manitoba
1575:Military
1531:Economic
1526:Cultural
1444:Timeline
1391:Archived
1159:(2002).
980:See also
659:Montréal
598:, first
570:and the
545:Liberals
438:, first
263:by court
2992:Surveys
2987:Studies
2951:Outline
2926:Tartans
2880:Symbols
2869:Theatre
2814:Cuisine
2791:Culture
2764:Poverty
2706:Society
2600:Tourism
2573:Fishing
2546:Banking
2521:Economy
2377:Monarch
2315:Islands
2212:Regions
2183:Nunavut
2147:Ontario
2117:Alberta
1934:History
1850:Surveys
1802:Toronto
1757:Moncton
1752:Markham
1737:Halifax
1672:Nunavut
1647:Ontario
1632:Alberta
1280:Urbsite
1171:(1): 27
892:Charter
873:Charter
869:Dickson
856:Charter
764:Haldane
547:led by
482:Canada.
405:Ontario
375:Origins
364:Britain
282:Related
268:by seat
156:Process
151:History
80:scholar
2889:Anthem
2864:Sports
2809:Cinema
2781:Values
2628:Topics
2568:Energy
2551:Dollar
2416:Courts
2393:Senate
2335:Rivers
2305:Cities
2296:Topics
2157:Quebec
2076:Racism
2007:Topics
1926:Canada
1787:Regina
1772:Ottawa
1709:Cities
1677:Quebec
1602:Sports
1498:Topics
1355:
1335:
1315:
1214:: 222.
1136:
1080:
768:Watson
760:London
642:, and
626:, and
543:, the
509:Quebec
495:, and
417:London
413:Quebec
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2946:Index
2916:Royal
2849:Media
2844:Music
2747:Crime
2676:Lists
2188:Yukon
2086:Women
1692:Yukon
1612:Women
87:JSTOR
73:books
2904:List
2899:Flag
2485:LGBT
2409:list
1353:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1177:2022
1134:ISBN
1078:ISBN
766:and
434:Sir
423:and
350:The
59:news
2804:Art
2578:Oil
2367:Law
1508:- (
758:in
651:MLA
362:in
42:by
3043::
1278:.
1227:^
1212:10
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1148:^
1092:^
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2400:)
2391:(
1953:)
1948:(
1918:e
1911:t
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339:e
332:t
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