787:
1188:
648:
1264:
1060:
2348:
2856:
1380:
497:
1324:
1128:
950:
854:
2843:
2361:
39:
941:, a British naval officer, naturalist and artist, served under John Franklin in his first expedition to the Arctic in 1818. On Franklin's inland Coppermine expedition of 1819–1822, Back was responsible for all the surveying and chart making. Then on the Mackenzie River expedition in 1824–1826, Back was promoted to lieutenant and then to commander.
1255:"Engineer troops worked 10–12 hours a day through temperatures that ranged down to 70 below, hacking their way through forests, plunging into icy streams in life-preservers to sink bridge pilings, sweating through steaming summer days amid plagues of mosquitoes and 'no-see-ums,' to push the road through."
587:
were transferred from the United
Kingdom to Canada, and incorporated into the North-West Territories. However, the size of the territory was reduced several times during the late 18th- and early 19th centuries. Major adjustments to the boundary of the territory during this period includes severing of
812:
later served as the Hudson's Bay
Company's headquarters. The HBC depended on the furs coming to York Factory. The North West Company competed with the HBC by travelling throughout the territory obtaining furs as they did so. Some of these trader explorers kept journals and had them published. Public
1254:
to the
Pacific Coast. Major work commenced. Canada's north-west infrastructure developed quickly and the social impact of 40,000 military people affected lives throughout. Brigadier General James O'Connor, the military officer in charge of building the highway, described the difficulty of the work.
1174:
In the summer of 1935, nearly 1000 men grouped into 188 surveying parties covered a wide range of Canada looking for precious minerals. The most valuable discovery was made in the
Yellowknife district where nearly 3,000 square miles of good gold prospecting territory was located. This brought about
1155:
was signed by the Tłı̨chǫ trading chief Monfwi in the summer of 1921. The Tłı̨chǫ groups that signed this treaty were then known as the "Dog Rib Rae Band" (Helm, 7: 1994), constituting the majority of the Tłįchǫ population. Both Treaty No. 8 and Treaty No. 11 overlap in several of their boundaries,
934:
began in 1845 and was never heard from again. A massive search followed, at first finding little trace of the expedition but resulting in the mapping of much of the Arctic coastline. It was eventually learned that
Franklin had died in 1847, and the remains of the expedition's two ships were finally
1147:. Upon the discovery, the Canadian Government proposed another treaty that would clear the way for miners and development of the area. The treaty was greatly debated, as the Natives did not want to lose their right to hunt, fish, gather, and trap in the area. They also opposed being "confined to
1119:
was given back to the territories, the population dropped from approx 160,000 to 17,000, of which 16,000 were aboriginal and had no right to vote under
Canadian law. The government of the North-West Territories defaulted back to its 1870 constitutional status, and once again came under federal
1331:
In 1975, the territorial government once again became a fully elected body. In 1984, the
Canadian Government agreed to transfer the responsibility for naming places to the territories. This power was already devolved to the provinces in 1961, but originally not to Canadian territories.
844:
advanced from the junior governor in charge of the company's
Northern Department to be the head of this new company. Simpson travelled throughout the north-west. For forty years he led the company. For most of that time, he made at least one major journey by canoe every year.
786:
1082:
groups in the area in question; in return for their willingness to share their land with non-Natives, the Dene would receive medical and educational assistance, as well as treaty payments. The
Canadian Government and the various Dene groups, including
1335:
In April 1982, a majority of
Northwest Territories' residents voted in favour of a division of the area, and the federal government gave a conditional agreement seven months later. After a long series of land claim negotiations between the
1364:, causing massive disruption. Some 70% of the territory's population had to be evacuated from their homes, including to other parts of Canada. This included 87% of the population of Yellowknife, including Premier
816:
As the Europeans increased their presence, they involved the First Nations as guides and suppliers of furs. The Chipewyan acted as middlemen. They brought to York Factory the furs of the western tribes. The
2327:
2297:
2287:
1293:, announced that Yellowknife would be the capital of the Northwest Territories. On September 18, 1967, the Government of the Northwest Territories relocated from Ottawa to Yellowknife. Commissioner
1900:
1131:
In 1912, the south-eastern portions of the Northwest Territories were transferred to various provincial jurisdictions. After this, the territory remained the same size from 1912 to 1999.
1135:
In 1906, the official name dropped the hyphen, changing to "Northwest Territories". On May 15, 1912, parts of the Northwest Territories were given to Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec.
2048:
716:, landed briefly on the western shore of the bay that bears his name. His discovery opened the interior of the continent to further exploration. Other early explorers include
821:, Chipewyan, Beaver and Yellowknives obtained firearms. With this new advantage, they dominated their Athapaskan neighbours, i.e. the Slavey, Sekani, and Dogrib peoples.
1238:
Between 1942 and 1946, forty thousand American military and civilian personnel came to the Canadian north-west; invited by the Canadian government. Plans called for the
662:
Long before the Europeans arrived, Inuit and First Nations peoples inhabited the land area which became the Northwest Territories. Native Inuit included the Mackenzie,
1312:
763:
By the 1700s, European trade in the North-West Territories was dominated by two fur-trading companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, based in London, England, and the
1487:
1873:
1151:." Many Dene felt that Treaty No. 8 was not honoured by the Canadian Government, and some were afraid that this treaty would turn out similarly. Nevertheless,
1472:
779:
was the first European to reach the shore of the Arctic Ocean by an overland route via the Coppermine River. Further west and eighteen years later, in 1789,
2675:
2322:
1477:
2498:
2075:
527:
2399:
1805:
1527:
552:. European explorers and fur traders began to explore the region since the late-16th century. By the 17th century, the British laid claim to both the
2518:
1301:
1420:
1099:(Helm, 7: 1994). At that point in history, Treaty No. 8 was the largest land settlement the Canadian Government had ever made (PWNHC, Historical).
2892:
2744:
2302:
2282:
1482:
389:
2887:
1271:
Elections returned in 1951, but rather than being fully elected body, the Councils and Assemblies were a mix of elected and appointed members.
1783:
1701:
1671:
2882:
1403:
1615:
2450:
1757:
1467:
94:
623:
era, a number of responsibilities were devolved from the federal to territorial government, with the territory's capital transferred from
1440:
877:
1966:
1327:
Map of Canada in 1999. The shaded area of the map was split from the Northwest Territories in 1999 to form the new territory of Nunavut.
2332:
1450:
1435:
1179:. Thirty-two years later, when the Government of the Northwest Territories came North from Ottawa, Yellowknife became the new capital.
544:
covers the period from thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands that encompass present-day
2523:
2487:
2445:
2440:
2262:
1398:
1078:, which covered 840,000 square kilometres in the North-West Territories. It was an agreement between the Canadian Government and the
180:
140:
89:
1993:
635:. The resulting land claim negotiations saw the eastern portions of the territory separated from the rest, forming the territory of
2545:
2011:
130:
1558:
1043:
was generally granted to Ontario, with some going to the District of Keewatin, and Manitoba getting none. In 1898, following the
520:
2562:
2392:
2317:
2292:
1445:
1425:
1008:
was transferred from the United Kingdom to government of Canada, and was administered as a part of the North-West Territories.
2188:
2112:
1942:
1655:
1297:, and eighty-one employees of the Government of the Northwest Territories, arrived in Yellowknife on board a chartered DC-7.
1228:
1192:
652:
1650:. Northern Lights series. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press with the Arctic Institute of North America.
2795:
2759:
2634:
2557:
2465:
1588:
1507:
1187:
440:
404:
277:
109:
2599:
250:
2214:
1308:. Robert Bessant's design was chosen among entries to a Canada-wide contest. The government also introduced the popular
1462:
841:
513:
2769:
2535:
2460:
2455:
2385:
2337:
2312:
2204:
2138:
1341:
1305:
414:
135:
104:
99:
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2540:
2493:
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1492:
481:
461:
359:
190:
185:
170:
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74:
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and the federal government (begun earlier in 1976), an agreement was reached in September 1992. In June 1993, the
1028:
in 1878. The first territorial election took place in 1881. French was abolished as an official language in 1892.
997:; barring the area around the Red River Colony, which was admitted into Canadian Confederation as the province of
2764:
2659:
2584:
2307:
1021:
571:
was enacted on 23 June 1870, the United Kingdom transferred the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land to the
409:
302:
230:
38:
708:'s expeditions in the 1570s were the first recorded visits to the Northwest Territories by a European. In 1610,
2231:
1031:
During the late-19th century, the boundaries of the territories were redefined a number of times. In 1886, the
872:
of 1819–1822 had as its goal the exploration of the northern coast of Canada, which was accessed by way of the
840:
In 1821, the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company merged under the name of the latter. By 1825, Sir
791:
780:
756:
granted a charter to the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudsons Bay, known as the
1223:
in the Northwest Territories, was recruited by the Canadian government to assist in procuring uranium for the
2569:
2255:
1171:. The Northwest Territories gained in size to 3.3 million km. This was about one third of Canada's landmass.
931:
721:
205:
195:
2719:
2421:
1531:
1502:
1216:
1017:
911:
In 1825, Franklin set out on his second expedition to the Canadian North. He travelled to the mouth of the
901:
364:
62:
1813:
2822:
2729:
2686:
2614:
1994:"The High Arctic Relocation- A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples)"
471:
374:
330:
262:
2846:
2579:
2552:
2508:
2049:"Territoires du Nord-Ouest: Près de 70 % des gens ont dû fuir leur domicile à cause des incendies"
1834:
1005:
737:
631:
in 1967. During the 20th century, the federal government entered into land claim negotiations with the
584:
220:
200:
175:
50:
22:
2589:
2226:. CIHM/ICMH microfiche series -- no. 30366. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: Wilson Brothers. p. 36.
647:
237:
84:
1107:
In 1901, the borders of Yukon Territory were changed, gaining area from the North-West Territories.
1087:
and Tłįchǫ under chief Drygeese with headmen Benaiyah and Sek'eglinan, signed the treaty in 1900 at
837:. The site changed several times but the community of Tulita is located on the original site today.
2817:
2699:
2629:
2248:
1791:
1709:
1679:
1156:
and continue to cause conflict between the two separate treaty bands (nowadays two First Nations).
775:
into the vast territory of the north-west where the rivers flowed north rather than east. In 1771,
466:
344:
272:
2664:
2416:
1933:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. pp.
1623:
1361:
1337:
1219:, which produced uranium as a byproduct of gold and radium production using ore from its mine at
974:
958:
757:
632:
561:
553:
549:
312:
66:
1934:
1927:
1761:
2754:
2709:
2644:
1880:. Vol. 114, no. 227. Painesville, Ohio: Telegraph Republican. 9 April 1936. p. 5
1846:
McKitterick, T. E. M. (1939). "The Validity of Territorial and Other Claims in Polar Regions".
1283:
994:
982:
961:
shaded in. The two territories were transferred from the UK to Canada in 1870 as a part of the
399:
354:
292:
2160:
993:. Eventually the territories were admitted into Canadian Confederation on 15 July 1870 as the
2724:
1497:
1430:
1294:
869:
753:
545:
369:
210:
1731:
1267:
View of Yellowknife in 2014. The city was designated as the territory's new capital in 1967.
2784:
2774:
2574:
1200:
1116:
1032:
978:
572:
429:
419:
215:
8:
2789:
2739:
2704:
2694:
2619:
2221:
2179:
Territorial Government in Canada: The Autonomy Question in the old North-west Territories
1997:
1020:
was appointed. The first North-West Territories government sat inside the territories at
986:
601:
434:
384:
349:
339:
267:
2022:
2779:
2734:
2649:
2624:
2609:
2240:
2177:
2148:
2076:"'Most of the people are now gone': Yellowknife nearly emptied as fire fight continues"
1855:
1566:
1232:
1044:
905:
764:
674:
nations. There were also many nations when the Europeans first arrived, among them the
605:
424:
379:
297:
282:
257:
225:
1059:
2749:
2654:
2503:
2475:
2408:
2360:
2227:
2184:
2134:
2108:
1938:
1929:
The Alaska Highway in World War II: The U.S. Army of Occupation in Canada's Northwest
1651:
1365:
1263:
1224:
1204:
1164:
970:
962:
885:
713:
695:
568:
394:
307:
165:
153:
30:
2347:
2021:. Northwest Territories Education, Culture and Employment. July 2013. Archived from
2669:
2529:
1348:
were passed by the Canadian Parliament, and the transition to the new territory of
1160:
990:
954:
873:
861:
834:
705:
557:
476:
317:
783:
reached the Arctic Ocean. The river he navigated to get there now bears his name.
2128:
2119:
1645:
1289:
In 1967, the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, the Honourable
1144:
1088:
1068:
1048:
924:
912:
733:
2513:
2121:
As Long as this Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870–1939
1647:
As Long as this Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870–1939
1408:
1239:
1148:
973:
was enacted, the United Kingdom transferred ownership of Rupert's Land and the
829:
In the early 1800s, perhaps 1810, the North West Company established a post at
799:
772:
741:
2876:
2860:
2365:
1385:
893:
857:
776:
729:
671:
667:
656:
501:
45:
1323:
1290:
1251:
1212:
1196:
1127:
1112:
1084:
949:
809:
803:
725:
709:
675:
663:
597:
853:
1589:"The Royal Charter for incorporating The Hudson's Bay Company, A.D. 1670"
1345:
1220:
1176:
1047:, the Yukon stopped being part of the North-West Territories. A separate
1035:'s south-western border was adjusted. In 1889, the disputed area between
1024:
for the first time in 1876. Now in Saskatchewan. The government moved to
938:
897:
628:
1616:"Peter Pond, Methye Portage and the First Northern Alberta Trading Post"
860:'s men constructing a camp during the first winter of the expedition to
2435:
1309:
1168:
1095:) . After the signing, the group that signed the treaty was called the
1025:
881:
768:
575:, with most all of the newly transferred territory administered as the
79:
2223:
Practical tests on gardening for Manitoba & North-West Territories
1859:
1143:
Twenty years after Treaty No. 8 was signed, oil was discovered in the
592:
in 1898, severing its south-western portions to form the provinces of
2483:
2019:
NWT Cultural Places Program, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
1247:
1152:
717:
679:
2377:
1706:
Parks Canada, National Historic Sites in the Mountain National Parks
1275:
1243:
1075:
1064:
1036:
998:
944:
795:
687:
620:
609:
583:
in 1906. The territory reached its largest size in 1880, after the
1016:
The first North-West Territories government sat in 1872 after the
1349:
1108:
1040:
691:
636:
613:
593:
1702:"Sir George Simpson, Persons of National Historic Significance"
1121:
965:, with most of these lands becoming the North-West Territories.
920:
916:
889:
830:
699:
683:
624:
2133:. Vol. 5. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
1996:. Canadian Government Publishing. p. 190. Archived from
1368:, as the fires approached less than 15 km from the capital.
1279:
589:
2209:
1079:
818:
600:
in 1905, and transferring its remaining lands south of the
1250:, Alaska and for a pipeline to run from the oil fields of
2270:
1848:
Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law
564:
a commercial fur trade monopoly over the latter region.
1488:
Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement
579:
The hyphen was later dropped after the passing of the
1874:"Canada opens gold diggings, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"
1676:
The Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
1473:
List of school districts in the Northwest Territories
1115:
separated from the territories in 1905. Although the
790:
A map of North America exhibiting the route taken by
747:
1967:"Building Alaska highway described by Gen. O'Connor"
1528:"Territorial Evolution of the Northwest Territories"
1478:
List of Northwest Territories Legislative Assemblies
1375:
1360:
In summer 2023, the territory was beset by some 230
1051:
is created from the western North-West Territories.
1732:"Fort Livingstone National Historic Site of Canada"
833:(Fort Norman) at the junction of the Mackenzie and
2176:
1926:
1806:"History of the Name of the Northwest Territories"
1302:Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
1258:
2874:
1622:, South Peace Historical Society, archived from
1421:List of communities in the Northwest Territories
1318:
1163:, Canada became the first country to extend its
945:Canadian Confederation and the late 19th century
1991:
1483:List of Northwest Territories general elections
981:. However, integration of the territories into
884:as part of its attempt to discover and map the
760:(HBC). It included the Hudson's Bay watershed.
1924:
1620:History is Where You Stand: A History of Peace
1138:
2393:
2256:
2047:Bennett, Dean; Rabson, Mia (22 August 2023).
2046:
1404:List of premiers of the Northwest Territories
521:
2205:Historical Timeline of Northwest Territories
1565:. Government of Canada. 2013. Archived from
1468:List of schools in the Northwest Territories
1898:
1845:
1441:List of rivers of the Northwest Territories
2400:
2386:
2263:
2249:
2130:Handbook of North American Indians: Arctic
2126:
2055:(in Canadian French). La Presse Canadienne
1451:List of mines in the Northwest Territories
1436:List of lakes in the Northwest Territories
848:
528:
514:
2073:
1760:. Milwaukee Public Museum. Archived from
1399:Commissioner of the Northwest Territories
2183:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2012:"Gazetteer of the Northwest Territories"
1992:Dussault, René; Erasmus, George (1994).
1810:Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
1643:
1322:
1262:
1186:
1126:
1058:
948:
904:, both of whom would become significant
852:
785:
646:
548:were inhabited for millennia by several
2174:
1964:
1925:Coates, K. S.; Morrison, W. R. (1992).
1839:
2893:Districts of the Northwest Territories
2875:
2219:
2127:Sturtevant, William C. editor (1978).
1973:. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. p. 5
1906:. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. p. 1
1899:Farquharson, Duart (19 January 1967).
1776:
1446:List of Northwest Territories highways
1426:Districts of the Northwest Territories
1286:, partly to establish territoriality.
767:based in Montréal. Fur trade explorer
2888:Politics of the Northwest Territories
2407:
2381:
2244:
2105:A Short History of the Canadian North
1798:
1613:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1203:in 1939, it produced uranium for the
977:from the Hudson's Bay Company to the
2883:History of the Northwest Territories
2745:Northwest Territories capital cities
2272:History of the Northwest Territories
1508:Symbols of the Northwest Territories
1300:In 1969, A special committee of the
1011:
542:history of the Northwest Territories
390:Northwest Territories capital cities
1901:"Yellowknife now capital of N.W.T."
1074:In June 1899, negotiation began on
953:Map depicting Canada in 1870, with
13:
2168:
2074:Graveland, Bill (19 August 2023).
1790:. 14 December 2001. Archived from
1546:
1463:Geographical Names Board of Canada
748:Fur trade (17th– and 18th century)
651:Illustration of canoe building at
37:
14:
2904:
2198:
2107:. Ottawa. From Sea To Sea, 2011.
1342:Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act
1282:families to the far north in the
1227:. The ores were shipped from the
588:its western portions to form the
2854:
2842:
2841:
2359:
2346:
1738:. Parks Canada. 22 February 2011
1493:Territorial claims in the Arctic
1378:
1352:was completed on April 1, 1999.
880:expedition was organised by the
813:interest developed as a result.
642:
495:
2524:Former colonies and territories
2097:
2067:
2040:
2004:
1985:
1965:Cassidy, Morley (5 June 1943).
1958:
1918:
1892:
1866:
1828:
1355:
1182:
1102:
1054:
1750:
1724:
1694:
1664:
1637:
1607:
1581:
1520:
1456:
1259:Early Cold War era (1945–1970)
1:
2215:Akaitcho Territory Government
1513:
1319:Late 20th century (1971–2000)
915:and then spent the winter at
2499:Crown and Indigenous peoples
1503:Bible translations into Cree
1235:, Ontario, to be processed.
1018:Temporary North-West Council
888:. It was the first of three
824:
7:
1784:"The Northwest Territories"
1593:Pre-Confederation Documents
1371:
1139:Interwar period (1918–1939)
10:
2909:
2175:Lingard, C. Cecil (1946).
1063:Markers commemorating the
1006:British Arctic Territories
585:British Arctic Territories
51:The Death of General Wolfe
2836:
2805:
2685:
2635:Newfoundland and Labrador
2598:
2474:
2415:
2355:
2344:
2278:
1414:
1392:
1338:Inuit Tapirisat of Canada
1274:In 1953–1955, during the
892:expeditions to be led by
771:lead the way through the
581:Northwest Territories Act
278:Newfoundland and Labrador
1644:Fumoleau, René (2004) .
1595:. William F. Maton. 2001
1217:Eldorado Gold Mines Ltd.
1159:In 1925, based upon the
935:found in 2014 and 2016.
712:, while looking for the
2488:Persons of significance
2220:McNeil, Robert (1884).
2118:Fumoleau, René (2004).
1736:National Historic Sites
1559:"Northwest Territories"
1215:, the Canadian company
1120:control, governed from
975:North-Western Territory
959:North-Western Territory
849:Exploration expeditions
633:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
577:North-West Territories.
554:North-Western Territory
2519:Events of significance
1788:Canadian Confederation
1708:. 2009. Archived from
1328:
1306:flag for the territory
1284:High Arctic relocation
1268:
1208:
1145:Mackenzie River Valley
1132:
1091:(called by the Tłįchǫ
1071:
995:North-West Territories
983:Canadian Confederation
966:
865:
806:
659:
616:, and Quebec in 1912.
42:
2640:Northwest Territories
2585:Territorial evolution
1878:Painesville Telegraph
1498:Carrothers Commission
1431:Canadian canoe routes
1326:
1295:Stuart Milton Hodgson
1266:
1190:
1130:
1062:
952:
870:Coppermine expedition
856:
789:
650:
546:Northwest Territories
288:Northwest Territories
231:Territorial evolution
41:
2660:Prince Edward Island
2028:on 27 September 2013
1794:on 11 February 2006.
1712:on 26 September 2013
1682:on 21 September 2013
1626:on 21 September 2013
1614:Calverley, Dorthea,
1117:District of Keewatin
1097:"Yellowknife B Band"
1033:District of Keewatin
979:government of Canada
908:in their own right.
896:, and also included
758:Hudson's Bay Company
608:to the provinces of
573:government of Canada
562:Hudson's Bay Company
303:Prince Edward Island
2575:Population history
2546:Chinese immigration
1201:Canadian government
1165:maritime boundaries
987:Red River Rebellion
985:was delayed by the
930:Franklin's fateful
792:Alexander MacKenzie
781:Alexander Mackenzie
602:60th parallel north
2159:has generic name (
2103:Whitcomb, Dr. Ed.
2000:on 1 October 2009.
1816:on 20 October 2021
1329:
1269:
1209:
1133:
1072:
1045:Klondike Gold Rush
967:
866:
807:
802:, and finally the
765:North West Company
660:
606:District of Ungava
560:; and granted the
43:
2870:
2869:
2861:Canada portal
2431:18000 BCE–1500 CE
2409:History of Canada
2375:
2374:
2190:978-0-8020-7095-1
2113:978-0-9865967-2-8
1944:978-0-80205-023-6
1657:978-1-55238-063-5
1569:on 3 October 2013
1563:Canadian Heritage
1366:Caroline Cochrane
1225:Manhattan Project
1205:Manhattan Project
1167:northward to the
1012:Late 19th century
971:Deed of Surrender
963:Deed of Surrender
886:Northwest Passage
835:Great Bear Rivers
714:Northwest Passage
569:Deed of Surrender
538:
537:
502:Canada portal
31:History of Canada
2900:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2796:Name etymologies
2676:Name etymologies
2615:British Columbia
2530:Heritage Minutes
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2363:
2350:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2210:The NWT Archives
2194:
2182:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1971:Edmonton Journal
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1904:Edmonton Journal
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1812:. Archived from
1802:
1796:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1721:
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1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1678:. Archived from
1668:
1662:
1661:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:. Archived from
1524:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1246:, Alberta, with
1161:sector principle
1022:Fort Livingstone
991:Red River Colony
932:third expedition
906:Arctic explorers
874:Coppermine River
862:Coppermine River
706:Martin Frobisher
530:
523:
516:
500:
499:
498:
441:Name etymologies
263:British Columbia
113:
75:Pre-colonization
18:
17:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2855:
2853:
2832:
2801:
2681:
2602:and territories
2601:
2594:
2470:
2419:
2411:
2406:
2376:
2371:
2351:
2342:
2274:
2269:
2234:
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2169:Further reading
2156:
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2100:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1459:
1417:
1395:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1358:
1321:
1261:
1185:
1149:Indian reserves
1141:
1105:
1089:Fort Resolution
1069:Fort Resolution
1057:
1049:Yukon Territory
1014:
947:
925:Great Bear Lake
913:Mackenzie River
902:John Richardson
851:
827:
750:
734:George Weymouth
645:
590:Yukon Territory
534:
496:
494:
487:
486:
457:
449:
448:
447:
446:
333:
323:
322:
253:
243:
242:
181:Former colonies
156:
146:
145:
126:
118:
117:
111:
70:
55:
54:
12:
11:
5:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Historiography
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
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2536:Historic Sites
2533:
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2494:Constitutional
2491:
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2295:
2290:
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2283:Capital cities
2279:
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2260:
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842:George Simpson
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773:Methye Portage
752:In 1670, King
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2628:
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2366:Canada portal
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2140:9780160045806
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2013:
2007:
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1988:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1946:
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1763:
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1198:
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1193:Eldorado Mine
1189:
1180:
1178:
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1153:Treaty No. 11
1150:
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917:Fort Franklin
914:
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891:
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858:John Franklin
855:
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2813:Bibliography
2665:Saskatchewan
2639:
2563:Peacekeeping
2528:
2466:1982–present
2364:
2271:
2222:
2178:
2157:|first=
2129:
2120:
2104:
2098:Bibliography
2083:. Retrieved
2079:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2032:25 September
2030:. Retrieved
2023:the original
2018:
2006:
1998:the original
1987:
1977:26 September
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1950:20 September
1948:. Retrieved
1928:
1920:
1910:26 September
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1884:26 September
1882:. Retrieved
1877:
1868:
1854:(1): 89–97.
1851:
1847:
1841:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1809:
1800:
1792:the original
1787:
1778:
1768:24 September
1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1758:"The Dogrib"
1752:
1742:25 September
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1716:23 September
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1705:
1696:
1686:20 September
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1675:
1666:
1646:
1639:
1628:, retrieved
1624:the original
1619:
1609:
1599:20 September
1597:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1573:20 September
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313:Saskatchewan
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211:Peacekeeping
161:Agricultural
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2710:Fredericton
2645:Nova Scotia
2570:Monarchical
2541:Immigration
2333:Legislature
1457:Initiatives
1346:Nunavut Act
1242:to connect
1221:Port Radium
1177:Yellowknife
989:around the
939:George Back
898:George Back
868:Franklin's
629:Yellowknife
619:During the
400:Quebec City
355:Fredericton
293:Nova Scotia
206:Monarchical
186:Immigration
125:Significant
2877:Categories
2823:Historians
2760:Saint John
2725:Lethbridge
2558:Operations
2323:Governance
2233:0665303661
1820:17 October
1514:References
1310:polar bear
1169:North Pole
1026:Battleford
969:After the
882:Royal Navy
769:Peter Pond
754:Charles II
722:John Davis
567:After the
472:Historians
405:Saint John
370:Lethbridge
216:Population
191:Indigenous
2785:Vancouver
2775:Saskatoon
2600:Provinces
2514:Etymology
2484:Canadians
2461:1960–1981
2456:1945–1960
2451:1914–1945
2446:1867–1914
2441:1763–1867
2436:1534–1763
2417:Year list
2328:Languages
2318:Geography
2308:Evolution
2303:Elections
2293:Districts
2149:cite book
2085:29 August
2059:29 August
2053:La Presse
1362:wildfires
1315:in 1970.
1248:Fairbanks
1233:Port Hope
864:, c. 1820
825:1800–1870
718:Luke Foxe
680:Chipewyan
639:in 1999.
430:Vancouver
420:Saskatoon
251:Provinces
105:1960–1981
100:1945–1960
95:1914–1945
90:1867–1914
85:1764–1867
80:1534–1763
2847:Category
2806:Research
2790:Winnipeg
2740:Montreal
2720:Hamilton
2705:Edmonton
2695:Brampton
2620:Manitoba
2553:Military
2509:Economic
2504:Cultural
2422:Timeline
2338:Politics
2115:. 62 pp.
1672:"Tulita"
1372:See also
1344:and the
1276:Cold War
1244:Edmonton
1195:, 1944.
1067:site at
1065:Treaty 8
1037:Manitoba
999:Manitoba
957:and the
796:Montreal
794:'s from
621:Cold War
610:Manitoba
604:and the
456:Research
435:Winnipeg
385:Montreal
365:Hamilton
350:Edmonton
340:Brampton
268:Manitoba
226:Religion
201:Military
196:Medicine
176:Economic
166:Cultural
63:Timeline
23:a series
21:Part of
2828:Surveys
2780:Toronto
2735:Moncton
2730:Markham
2715:Halifax
2650:Nunavut
2625:Ontario
2610:Alberta
2298:Economy
2288:Culture
1630:28 June
1538:18 July
1350:Nunavut
1211:During
1199:by the
1109:Alberta
1041:Ontario
878:British
692:Nahanni
672:Central
668:Caribou
637:Nunavut
614:Ontario
594:Alberta
482:Surveys
477:Studies
425:Toronto
380:Moncton
375:Markham
360:Halifax
298:Ontario
283:Nunavut
258:Alberta
112:present
2765:Regina
2750:Ottawa
2687:Cities
2655:Quebec
2580:Sports
2476:Topics
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1415:Places
1393:People
1122:Ottawa
921:Deline
919:, now
890:Arctic
876:. The
831:Tulita
740:, and
700:Slavey
698:, and
696:Dogrib
688:Beaver
684:Sekani
670:, and
664:Copper
625:Ottawa
410:Regina
395:Ottawa
331:Cities
308:Quebec
221:Sports
154:Topics
141:People
131:Events
25:on the
2670:Yukon
2590:Women
2026:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1856:JSTOR
1280:Inuit
1093:Įndàà
923:, on
655:from
318:Yukon
238:Women
136:Sites
110:1982–
2313:Flag
2228:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2161:help
2135:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2087:2023
2080:CP24
2061:2023
2034:2013
1979:2013
1952:2013
1939:ISBN
1912:2013
1886:2013
1822:2015
1770:2013
1744:2013
1718:2013
1688:2013
1652:ISBN
1632:2008
1601:2013
1575:2013
1540:2021
1191:The
1111:and
1080:Dene
1039:and
900:and
819:Cree
596:and
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540:The
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