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2799:, to be arrested and their property seized. Although some Jews managed to escape to neutral Switzerland or Allied-occupied southern Italy, over two hundred were rounded up, most between 5 December 1943 (when approximately 150 were arrested) and late summer 1944. They were held at the city's Marco Foscarini college, the women's prison on
2745:, the Sephardic rite. Despite a few later interventions, these synagogues have remained intact over time and testify to the importance of the Venetian ghetto. The unusual tall buildings found here were divided into floors of sub-standard height, demonstrating how the density of the population had increased over the years.
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The second room of the museum is instead mostly dedicated to textile manufacture, related of course to Jewish tradition. You can find different examples of Meil and other precious coverings used to decorate the Torah, but you can particularly find beautiful examples of
Parokhet, curtains to cover the
2688:, creating the word still used today to indicate various places of emargination. The ghetto was closed from 6 p.m. every night to 12 p.m. the next day. The boats of the Christian guards scoured the surrounding canals to impede nocturnal violations. This is how Europe's first ghetto was born. Known as
2964:
Besides this room keeps important witnessing about
Marriage and Birth: several Ketubboth, the stereotyped form of wedding contract, extremely relevant, above all in the past times, for the protection of woman in case of dissolution of marriage, allowed by Jewish tradition; and a 1779 set of clothes
2811:
in 1944. Those arrested later in 1944 included some 20 residents of a Jewish convalescence home, the Casa di
Ricovero Israelitica (including Venice's Chief Rabbi, Adolfo Ottolenghi, who chose to follow the fate of his fellow deportees) and 29 from a Jewish hospital. Most of those arrested in the
2816:
concentration camp, Trieste. Although a figure of two hundred and five Jewish deportees from Venice between
November 1943 and August 1944 is often quoted, one source give the higher figure of 246, which includes those deported to Trieste, some of whom died there, and a smaller number of arrests
2956:
The Scroll of Divine Law, covered with the Meil and the Atarah is kept inside the synagogue, in the 'Aron Ha Kodesh (Ark of
Holiness). To help the reading of the scroll a little decorated silver stick, ending with a little hand is used (Yad). You can admire many examples of this on window 11.
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The catalogue of modern books numbers 8,000 titles in
Italian, English, French, German, and Hebrew. The Catalogue of Ancient Hebrew Books includes 2,500 volumes (16thâ19th century). The library subscribes to thirty-five periodicals and several others, totaling one hundred, are available.
2863:, Jewish civilization, and particularly the history of Italian and Venetian Jews, accessible to a vast public, and to promote knowledge of all these subjects. The library owns a large collection of documents and publications on the Jewish community dating from the 17th century.
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Place of honour, in the first room of the museum, is given to the Sefer Torah (Scroll of Divine Law). It is a manuscript, executed in a ritual way, of
Pentateuch. The Scroll of Divine Law is covered with a mantle (Meil), a crown (Atarah), symbol of the royalty of the Lord.
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into an occupied country, and the Nazis started a systematic hunt for Jews in Venice as in other
Italian cities. On 17 September, Professor Jona committed suicide rather than hand over to the German authorities a list of Jewish community residents.
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Often a silver dedicatory plaque (Tass)(window 11) is hanged over the Scroll of Divine Law. In many cases the inscription of the Ten
Commandments or the title of the passage read in a given solemnity is carved in the plaque.
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after this point up until the end of the war. Only 8 Jewish residents of Venice emerged from the death camps. The 1938 Jewish population of Venice (2000) was reduced by the war's end to 1500, or in some sources 1050.
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The fall of the
Venetian Republic, the foreign occupations and the consequent vandalism, as well as the atmospheric agents brought to the disappearance of many monuments and to the ruin of the Jewish cemetery.
2915:(the Inauguration), a festivity during which nine-branch-lamps are lighted at home and in the synagogue (every day a further lamp is lit). In windows 5 and 6 you can admire several examples of these lamps).
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forbade and excommunicated any Christian who lives with a Jew or a Muslim. Over the centuries that followed, this translated into occasional European legislation to segregate Jews in their lands.
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in Venetian, as their one in two options of income. The other choice was selling secondhand items and clothing. When the Germans came, their guttural pronunciation changed the Venetian term from
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In the 19th century, because of the project to make the Lido of Venice healthier and competitive, part of the Cemetery (now belonging to the state) was expropriated and bound to other uses.
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deprived the Jews of civil rights, and the Jewish community entered a difficult period under the leadership first of Aldo Finzi and subsequently (from June 1940) of Professor Giuseppe Jona.
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The precious objects shown to public, important examples of goldsmith and textile manufacture made between the 16th and the 19th centuries are a lively witnessing of the Jewish tradition.
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happens about at the end of winter and it is a feast of joy during which Meghillat Ester is read (the scroll of handwritten manuscript where this story is told is on display on window 8.
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is situated in the Campo of the Ghetto Novo, between the two most ancient Venetian synagogues. It is a small but rich museum founded in 1953 by the Jewish Community of Venice.
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The former Ghetto is now a lively and popular district of the city where the religious and administrative institutions of the Jewish Community and its five synagogues persist.
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decreed the end of the Jewish segregation and the equalization of the Jews to other citizens. This provision became definitive when Venice was annexed to the Italian Kingdom.
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for the circumcision, rite of basic importance that shows the entrance of the new-born Jewish boy in the alliance stipulated by the Lord with Abraham and his descendants.
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At the end of the disputation with the monks the cemetery, starting from 1389, was used with no interruptions and later made bigger reaching its top expansion in 1641.
3003:, brought to a slow but constant reshaping of the cemetery spaces southbound, so that in 1736 the "University of Jews" was forced to buy a piece of land bordering it.
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The Republic of Venice gave the Jews the possibility to create a cemetery of their own in 1386, giving them a non-cultivated piece of land in St. Nicholas of
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Later, some attempts to restore it began, without outcome and in 1938 (promulgation of Italian Racial laws) the cemetery was definitely abandoned.
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The first room of the museum is dedicated to silver wares reminding the most important Jewish festivities starting from Shabbat (windows 1 and 2).
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Despite alternating moments of "permission" and "prohibition", the number and importance of Jews in Venice grew considerably. On March 29, 1516,
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has begun; many memorials have been saved and classified more than 1000 of them which can be dated between 1550 and the early 18th century.
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With the objects displayed in window 3 the Days of Repentance, Rosh Ha ShanĂ and Yom Kippur, opening the Jewish year, are introduced.
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After this date, the widening of system of fortification of the Lido, wanted by the Serenissima Republic to defend itself from the
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A memorial plaque to Venice's Holocaust victims can be seen in Venice's Campo del Ghetto Nuovo, close to a memorial sculpture by
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2824:. Chief Rabbi Adolfo Ottolenghi is also commemorated there in a memorial tablet, as well as by a memorial woodland at Mestre.
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2722:.) Each represented a different ethnic group that had settled here stably and obtained a guarantee of religious freedom: the
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In 1999, thanks to the collaboration of public and private enterprises, both from Italy and abroad, restoration of
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known as Judeo-Venetian. Though it is now extinct, it is attested through various writings and was based on
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The Renato Maestro Library and Archives was opened in the Venetian Ghetto via private funding in 1981.
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The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Volume 3 - 'Seredina-Buda to Z'
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of the Venetian ghetto were constructed between the early-16th and mid-17th centuries. (The word
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In November 1943, Jews were declared 'enemy aliens' in accordance with the manifesto of the
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under the guise that none of them would move to Venice permanently or bring their families.
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Beginning in 1516, the Republic obliged the Jews to live in an area of the city where the
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Ravid, Benjamin (1976). "The First Charter of the Jewish Merchants of Venice, 1589".
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A memorial plaque to Venice's Holocaust victims in Campo del Ghetto Nuovo, Venice
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International conference on Hebrew Studies - 2009 - Yeudim de Yavan
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The Jewish community of Venice had it own language, a dialect of
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The Italians and the Holocaust: persecution, rescue and survival
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enacted a decree to formally isolate the Jews of Venice.
3249:
Weiner, Rebecca The Virtual Jewish History Tour, Venice
2787:
In September 1943, Italy changed from being an ally of
3095:"From Geographical Realia to Historiographical Symbol"
2859:
Its main goal is to make a wide range of resources on
2764:
2002:
1983:
406:
2477:
Location of Venice in Italy and the Venetian Lagoon
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3337:Official website of the Jewish Community of Venice
3378:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
3391:
3122:Segregation: A Global History of Divided Cities
3383:Venice Center for International Jewish Studies
2674:from Central Europe. They used to melt metal,
2670:The first Jews to comply with the decree were
2500:, has been well known since the medieval era.
2454:
3352:Venice Eruv Map - Jewish Community of Venice
3118:
2807:, before being deported, in most cases, to
2777:In September 1938, the promulgation of the
698:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
2911:The display of festivities continues with
2812:summer of 1944 spent time incarcerated at
2461:
2447:
2700:(ÏÏολΟ) can be compared with the Yiddish
2584:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2972:
2917:
2839:
2826:
2768:
2472:
3357:Jewish Library-Archive "Renato Maestro"
3251:The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Venice
3055:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
3392:
3145:
2945:di Pesach is on display on window 7.
2773:Memorial tablet to Adolfo Ottolenghi
2566:adding citations to reliable sources
2537:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
3119:Nightingale, Carl H. (2012-05-01).
3087:
2503:
13:
3192:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska
3018:Antico Cimitero Ebraico di Venezia
2979:Antico Cimitero Ebraico di Venezia
2733:practiced the Ashkenazi rite; the
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14:
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2765:Rise of fascism and the Holocaust
489:Historical population comparisons
3263:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3235:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3219:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3203:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3174:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
2922:Holocaust Memorial in the Ghetto
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2606:
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1133:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1047:Historical population by country
22:
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3271:
3255:
3125:. University of Chicago Press.
3040:History of the Jews in Calabria
2977:Old Jewish Cemetery of Venice (
2655:. Separated into two sections,
2553:needs additional citations for
57:"History of the Jews in Venice"
33:needs additional citations for
3410:Jewish Italian history by city
3367:The Jewish Community of Venice
3243:
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3195:
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3065:History of the Jews in Trieste
3045:History of the Jews in Livorno
1:
3080:
3060:History of the Jews in Sicily
3050:History of the Jews in Naples
2748:
704:Christianity and Judaism
3070:History of the Jews in Turin
3035:History of the Jews in Italy
2510:Third Council of the Lateran
122:History of the Jews in Italy
7:
3405:Jewish communities in Italy
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2737:, the Italian rite and the
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1711:Latin America and Caribbean
407:
10:
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3400:Jews and Judaism in Venice
3347:Jewish Ghetto English site
2961:doors of 'Aron Ha Kodesh.
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2805:Fossoli concentration camp
2595:
2316:Jewish political movements
2013:Conversion to Judaism
119:
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719:Hinduism and Judaism
3425:Jewish ghettos in Europe
2835:
545:Temple in Jerusalem
238:Bar and bat mitzvah
3261:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3233:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3217:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3201:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3188:Zuccotti, Susan (1996)
3172:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3099:faculty.history.umd.edu
2897:Jewish Museum of Venice
2797:Italian Social Republic
2645:, known in Venetian as
507:Twelve Tribes of Israel
3267:Jewish Virtual Library
3239:Jewish Virtual Library
3223:Jewish Virtual Library
3207:Jewish Virtual Library
3178:Jewish Virtual Library
3075:The Merchant of Venice
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2753:After the fall of the
2632:, Venice, c. 1780, by
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3420:Antisemitism in Italy
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2941:. A big tray for the
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2492:, the capital of the
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1253:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1248:Republic of the Congo
642:Second Temple Judaism
513:Kingdom of Judah
484:Modern historiography
2814:Risiera di San Sabba
2562:improve this article
2355:World Agudath Israel
1496:United Arab Emirates
583:Second Temple period
573:Babylonian captivity
42:improve this article
648:Hellenistic Judaism
226:Land of Israel
185:Principles of faith
3372:2020-08-10 at the
3295:2011-07-27 at the
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2809:Auschwitz-Birkenau
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2528:Republic of Venice
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2209:Jewish Koine Greek
1751:Dominican Republic
1032:Judaism by country
711:Jews and Christmas
566:Assyrian captivity
3415:History of Venice
2926:The festivity of
2755:Venetian Republic
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2652:La Serenissima
2634:Marco Marcuola
2630:A circumcision
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486:
481:
476:
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1869:Denominations
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1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Guinea-Bissau
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
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1129:
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1109:
1106:
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1062:
1059:
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1043:
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1038:
1037:Lists of Jews
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
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988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
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938:
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933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
922:
918:
917:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
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894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
823:
812:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:The Holocaust
794:
792:
789:
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782:
779:
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636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
584:
581:
580:
575:
570:
568:
563:
559:
555:
552:
547:
542:
538:
534:
531:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
510:
508:
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503:
502:
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496:
495:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
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2560:Please help
2555:verification
2552:
2514:
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2482:
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2413:Post-Zionism
2284:Judeo-Berber
2279:Judeo-Arabic
2239:Judeo-Gascon
1986:Pidyon haben
1905:Conservative
1451:Saudi Arabia
1269:South Africa
1258:Sierra Leone
1080:Israeli Jews
994:Mosaic Arabs
947:Kaifeng Jews
808:ArabâIsraeli
781:Emancipation
660:Great Revolt
469:Anti-Judaism
464:Antisemitism
459:Name "Judea"
254:Baal teshuva
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40:Please help
35:verification
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3154:: 187â222.
2887:loanwords.
2782:racial laws
2574:August 2022
2408:Revisionist
2398:Neo-Zionism
2005:Zeved habat
1798:Puerto Rico
1624:Netherlands
1456:South Korea
1441:Philippines
1321:Afghanistan
1188:Ivory Coast
962:Crypto-Jews
927:Bnei Anusim
906:Bene Israel
871:Beta Israel
828:Communities
735:Middle Ages
474:Persecution
249:Bereavement
3394:Categories
3319:2023-12-25
3148:AJS Review
3081:References
2883:with many
2749:Modern era
2694:synagogues
2496:region of
2393:Maximalism
2345:Secularism
2325:Autonomism
2142:Literature
1935:Humanistic
1539:Azerbaijan
1501:Uzbekistan
1476:Tajikistan
1396:Kyrgyzstan
1381:Kazakhstan
1228:Mozambique
1203:Madagascar
1123:Cape Verde
1075:New Yishuv
1070:Old Yishuv
1021:Population
999:Subbotniks
957:Samaritans
896:Romanyotim
839:Ashkenazim
786:Old Yishuv
766:Sabbateans
753:Modern era
745:Golden Age
672:Bar Kokhba
392:Beit Yosef
259:Philosophy
68:newspapers
3104:15 August
2913:ChannukkĂ
2757:in 1797,
2739:Levantine
2672:Ashkenazi
2643:foundries
2403:Religious
2259:Zarphatic
2249:Bukharian
2219:Judeo-Tat
2204:Yeshivish
2178:Languages
2133:Sephardic
2123:Israelite
2113:Ethiopian
2103:Ashkenazi
2042:Religious
1832:Australia
1814:Venezuela
1720:Argentina
1702:Greenland
1614:Lithuania
1466:Sri Lanka
1461:Singapore
1386:Kurdistan
1351:Indonesia
1341:Hong Kong
1294:Abayudaya
1218:Mauritius
952:Igbo Jews
942:Krymchaks
861:Sephardim
729:relations
623:Sadducees
619:Pharisees
609:Sanhedrin
524:Jerusalem
284:Synagogue
152:Etymology
3370:Archived
3293:Archived
3024:See also
2969:Cemetery
2935:Passover
2933:Pesach (
2881:Venetian
2871:Language
2801:Giudecca
2759:Napoleon
2524:senators
2522:and the
2430:Category
2388:Kahanism
2335:Feminism
2307:Politics
2191:Biblical
2161:American
2108:Bukharan
2098:American
1998:Shidduch
1974:Clothing
1930:Haymanot
1876:Orthodox
1804:Suriname
1787:Paraguay
1740:Colombia
1639:Portugal
1549:Bulgaria
1486:Thailand
1436:Pakistan
1416:Mongolia
1411:Malaysia
1331:Cambodia
1305:Zimbabwe
1280:Tanzania
1158:Eswatini
1148:Ethiopia
1138:Djibouti
1118:Cameroon
1113:Botswana
1042:Diaspora
1004:Noahides
977:Marranos
901:Cochinim
886:Bukharim
876:Gruzinim
866:Teimanim
856:Mizrahim
844:Galician
810:conflict
771:Hasidism
761:Haskalah
666:Diaspora
537:timeline
449:Timeline
362:Rabbinic
269:Kabbalah
244:Marriage
220:Tzedakah
210:Holidays
168:Religion
131:a series
129:Part of
98:May 2011
3160:1486343
2861:Judaism
2852:Library
2779:fascist
2743:Spanish
2735:Italian
2526:of the
2373:General
2364:Zionism
2340:Leftism
2330:Bundism
2254:Knaanic
2214:Yevanic
2199:Yiddish
2156:Yiddish
2151:Israeli
2128:Mizrahi
2118:Israeli
2089:Cuisine
2065:Ancient
2047:Secular
1993:Kashrut
1969:Wedding
1956:Customs
1948:Culture
1925:Science
1920:Renewal
1910:Karaite
1891:Hasidic
1823:Oceania
1809:Uruguay
1777:Jamaica
1757:Ecuador
1725:Bolivia
1669:Ukraine
1644:Romania
1619:Moldova
1599:Hungary
1589:Germany
1584:Georgia
1574:Finland
1569:Estonia
1564:Denmark
1559:Czechia
1544:Belarus
1534:Austria
1529:Armenia
1506:Vietnam
1421:Myanmar
1406:Lebanon
1326:Bahrain
1285:Tunisia
1263:Somalia
1238:Nigeria
1233:Namibia
1223:Morocco
1153:Eritrea
1098:Algeria
982:Neofiti
891:Italkim
881:Juhurim
791:Zionism
740:Khazars
635:Sicarii
631:Zealots
627:Essenes
614:Schisms
479:Leaders
441:General
433:History
376:Tosefta
371:Midrash
348:Mishnah
330:Ketuvim
325:Nevi'im
274:Customs
205:Shabbat
200:Halakha
192: (
190:Mitzvot
177: (
143:Judaism
82:scholar
3158:
3129:
2891:Museum
2885:Hebrew
2728:Canton
2724:German
2720:school
2715:scuola
2709:Schule
2692:, the
2685:ghetto
2494:Veneto
2489:Venice
2485:Jewish
2435:Portal
2294:Domari
2224:Shassi
2185:Hebrew
2080:Humour
2024:Hiloni
2019:Aliyah
1979:Niddah
1964:Minyan
1899:Reform
1886:Haredi
1881:Modern
1782:Mexico
1767:Guyana
1730:Brazil
1692:Canada
1664:Sweden
1654:Serbia
1649:Russia
1634:Poland
1629:Norway
1609:Latvia
1594:Greece
1579:France
1554:Cyprus
1520:Europe
1491:Turkey
1481:Taiwan
1391:Kuwait
1376:Jordan
1366:Israel
1300:Zambia
1290:Uganda
1208:Malawi
1178:Guinea
1168:Gambia
1103:Angola
1089:Africa
972:Dönmeh
967:Anusim
911:Berber
849:Litvak
801:Israel
707:
644:
558:Second
526:
387:Targum
353:Gemara
339:Talmud
311:Tanakh
264:Ethics
215:Prayer
84:
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63:
55:
3156:JSTOR
2943:Seder
2928:Purim
2836:Today
2731:Scole
2698:scole
2690:Scole
2682:into
2680:getto
2676:getto
2498:Italy
2383:Labor
2378:Green
2075:Dance
2033:Music
1852:Palau
1772:Haiti
1735:Chile
1659:Spain
1604:Italy
1511:Yemen
1471:Syria
1446:Qatar
1426:Nepal
1371:Japan
1346:India
1336:China
1275:Sudan
1198:Libya
1193:Kenya
1173:Ghana
1163:Gabon
1143:Egypt
1128:Benin
987:Xueta
932:Lemba
551:First
416:Zohar
320:Torah
302:Texts
289:Rabbi
279:Rites
179:names
89:JSTOR
75:books
3127:ISBN
3106:2024
2987:Lido
2895:The
2741:and
2726:and
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2659:and
2647:geto
2628:and
2517:Doge
2508:The
2481:The
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1837:Fiji
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1745:Cuba
1431:Oman
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1361:Iraq
1356:Iran
1313:Asia
1242:Igbo
1213:Mali
232:Brit
141:and
139:Jews
61:news
2564:by
2056:Art
402:Tur
194:613
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