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3961:. Following this incident, the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities (SIG) and local Davos representatives engaged in a series of negotiations, mediated by an external private agency specializing in mediation and conflict resolution. The resulting agreement, a ten-point plan, aims to foster better understanding and integration of Jewish guests in Davos. This plan, released in early July of 2024, includes the establishment of a contact point for Jewish visitors, increased engagement with rabbis in an advisory role, the expansion of an SIG antisemitism prevention project, and revised informational materials on rules of conduct for all visitors, to be made available to them in advance of their visit. Additionally, initiatives will focus on educating both foreign guests and the local population about Swiss customs and the history of Jewish life in the region. Measures to manage tourism flows and promote equal treatment of all guests in tourism businesses were also agreed upon.
2498:
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3790:, which had originally revealed the J Stamp and branded it an invention of Swiss police chief during WWII, Heinrich Rothmund. However, in mid-2001, Beobachter retracted its claims and exonerated Rothmund based on new documents and stated the German side made the initial suggestion. Similarly, the Bergier Commission, a grouping of international historians tasked with investigating Switzerland's ties to Nazi Germany did not label the stamp a "Swiss idea" in its final report, stating only that it came out of negotiations between Nazi Germany and Switzerland (although notably Swiss ambassador to Germany Hans Frölicher's support for the "J-Stamp", as part of the then-ongoing 1938 negotiations with the Nazis, was also mentioned) .
3921:. According to a report by the CFCA (the Coordination Forum Countering Antisemitism), there has been a dramatic increase in the number of antisemitic incidents in Switzerland. From July 2014 and the outbreak of the war in Gaza, the Federation of Jewish Communities in Switzerland reported twice as many incidents as usually occur during an entire year. The report's conclusions are that the current situation is far more dramatic than other wars in the Middle East that have caused a similar reaction by the Swiss population. In 15 cases the incidents resulted in complaints being filed with the police. Statements appearing in letters or on Facebook have become far more violent. The Federation also reported insults and threats. The
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3757:) said that the law is "discriminatory and a violation of human rights and religious freedom". One of the opponents to the demands of the Jewish community, Erwin Kessler (president of the Vaud section of the Society for the protection of animals) said: "either become vegetarians or leave Switzerland". For this, and other comments comparing Jewish butchers to Nazis, Kessler was sentenced to jail for five months under Swiss laws against incitement of racial hatred in 2004. A study in the
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3930:: "An Orthodox Jew from Belgium was lightly wounded in an assault in Switzerland, which witnesses called an anti-Semitic attack. The victim, identified only as A. Wachsstock, was walking toward his car, where his wife and four children were waiting for him, when a man in his sixties began hitting him and shouting anti-Semitic profanities, including âJuden raus,â or âJews, get outâ in German.
3842:(also known as the Bern Group), which gained greater public attention in Switzerland following an exhibition at the Jewish Museum in Basel. Centred around the Polish embassy in Bern, a network of diplomats and other supporters worked to provide between 7000 and 10,000 endangered Jews with Latin American travel documents and identity papers. Many recipients nevertheless did not survive the
3749:. This prohibition has not been lifted to the present day. The issue of kosher slaughter has remained politically relevant and Jewish communities have campaigned for a change in the law. In 2002, the Swiss government allowed Jews to import kosher meat, however members of Switzerland's Jewish community were not satisfied.
3906:. A yearlong study found that inhibitions against the open expression of racist views had been swept away by the controversy of Swiss banks' responsibility to compensate Holocaust victims for assets lost during World War II. The controversy broadened into a wide-ranging examination of Switzerland's role in the war.
3068:. When those efforts failed, they attempted to get the French to force this change on the new Swiss government. The changes of the Republic were not embraced by many of the Swiss and the issue of emancipation for the Jews became another contentious issue between the old order and the new government.
3230:
was at 17,914 (0.2% of the total population). In 2015 there were 17,250 Jewish people over the age of 15 in
Switzerland (about 0.25% of the total). Although the number of Jews has remained fairly stable since the thirties, their percentage of the Swiss population has fallen considerably. This plateau
4001:
is legal in
Switzerland. However, In July of 2012, both Zurich Children's Hospital and St Gallen Children's Hospital briefly suspended performing circumcisions pending a review of the ethics surrounding the procedure. This was prompted by developments in neighbouring Germany where a court ruled
3925:
contends that those statistics demonstrate a "huge increase in anti-Semitic incidents in
Switzerland", quoting a different survey made by the Intercommunity Coordination against Anti-Semitism and Defamation - CICAD. The CICAD reported a physical assault against a Jewish man, five incidents of
3830:, the French-Jewish historian, activist and Nazi Hunter stated in 2013 that the Swiss authorities rejected fewer WWII Jewish refugees than believed. Based on his own research, Klarsfeld claimed that the number of entry denials was closer to 3000. Most of the refugees had departed by 1953.
3024:
valley. After 1776, they were further restricted to residing in
Endingen or Lengnau. Migration of Jews to these villages from elsewhere in Switzerland slowly but steadily changed the appearance of the communities. The village of Endingen never built a Christian church, only a Jewish
3773:
Approximately 23,000 Jews found refuge in
Switzerland, yet the government decided to stay neutral and to only be a country of transit for Jewish refugees. Jewish refugees were treated differently from refugees of other religions with regards to the financial support they received.
3740:
Swiss Jews received full legal equality in 1874. However, ritual slaughter (shchitah kshera) was later prohibited. In 1886, organizations against cruelty to animals demanded the government forbid kosher slaughter. In 1893 the ban was approved in a nationwide referendum and Kosher
3032:
Jewish residents were restricted as to the professions they could practise. Houses were built with two separate entrances, one for Jews and one for
Christians. They were under the jurisdiction of the high and low courts of the Baden bailiff and had to buy "protection and safety"
3079:, stretched the French Army too thin for French authorities to guarantee the Jews' safety. Napoleon lacked the troops to bring peace to Switzerland, and needed the Swiss regiments for his campaigns. Seeking a peaceful resolution to the uprising, in 1803 he issued the
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from the authorities. Furthermore, regulations in the 18th century decreed that Jews were allowed to buy and sell their livestock only in open markets and not directly from the farmer. Christians had no such regulations.
3001:. The cemetery has been expanded several times. Based on an agreement concluded in 1859, two-fifths of the cemetery belong to the Israelite community of Lengnau, and three-fifths to the Israelite community of Endingen.
3964:
In March 2024, a 50-year-old
Orthodox Jewish man was stabbed and critically injured in Zurich. The attack was allegedly carried out by a 15-year-old Swiss national of Tunisian descent who had pledged allegiance to the
3878:
and when an act of sabotage was committed against a
Swissair plane bound for Israel in 1970. However, like other European countries, anti-Semitism and anti-Israel sentiments have increased since 2000 according to the
2940:. At the close of the 18th century, the 553 Jews in these villages represented almost the entire Jewish population in Switzerland. An important source for the situation of Swiss Jews in the 18th century is the 1768
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Switzerland has Europe's tenth-largest Jewish community, with about 20,000 Jews, roughly 0.4% of the population. The majority of the Jewish communities are domiciled in the largest cities of the country, i.e. in
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president Ralph Lewin stated that "As a result of the dreadful terror attacks by Hamas on
October 7, 2023, antisemitism has also manifested itself in Switzerland in a way that we could not imagine.â
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which was not a unified country, but rather an alliance of sovereign states. As part of this new, liberal state, Swiss reformers attempted to emancipate the Jews in the new
Helvetic Parliament in
3957:. Thank you very much for understanding."), but the rental quickly reversed its decision following public backlash. The incident sparked criticism and condemnation from anti-racism groups and the
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is due to immigration, without which Swiss Jews could not have prevented a demographic setback, linked to an aging population and the many mixed marriages. Among the Cantons of Switzerland, only
3152:
In 1876, the Jews were granted full equality in civil rights and allowed to travel. By 1920, most Jews had left the Surb Valley. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Jews from
3724:. Countries such as Great Britain, France and the U.S pressured Switzerland to grant equal rights to all citizens, which was officially granted by a modification of the constitution in 1874.
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3826:, Switzerland granted asylum to 25,000 Jews while denying around 20,000 refugees (of which a significant portion were estimated to be Jewish) admission to the country in total. However,
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3716:. Those allowed to stay were discriminated against in financial matters (School budgets) and family rights (Marriage). Emancipation managed to make a slight positive change for the
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joined this core group. In 1920, the Jewish population had reached its peak at 21,000 people (0.5% of the total population), a figure that has remained almost constant ever since.
2823:, the first Jewish museum to have been opened in German-speaking Europe after the Second World War. Whereas the communities of Basel and ZĂŒrich are traditionally shaped by large
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mentions a first documentation of Jews in Switzerland in 1214. In the Middle Ages, as in many places in Europe, they frequently suffered persecution, for example in 1294 in
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3874:, while maintaining its neutrality in the wider Israel-Palestine conflict. This support was strengthened when in 1969 an Arab terrorist attack was committed against an
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to stamp "J" on the passport of Jews in order to make it easier to refuse admission to Jewish refugees. This was based on a 1954 article by Swiss news magazine
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Jews' belongings were confiscated and a number of Jews were burned at the stake. There were numerous such incidents during the period of the plague. In 1401,
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A survey from 2014 found that that more than one in four Swiss residents are anti-Semitic, making Switzerland's population one of the most anti-Jewish in
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road. In 1879 a Jewish village of Neu-Endingen was built. It remained mostly independent until 1983 when it merged back into the village of Endingen.
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In 1802 a portion of the population revolted and turned against the Jews. The mob looted the Jewish villages of Endingen and Lengnau in the so-called
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vocabulary, as well as some influence from Romance languages. It is distinguished from Eastern Yiddish in that it has far fewer Slavic loanwords (
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3145:. The rights of Jews in Switzerland were strengthened with the revised constitution of 1874. Article 49 of the 1874 constitution guarantees the
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3765:) comes to the conclusion that the real motive behind the ban at the time was to limit Jewish immigration to Switzerland from Eastern Europe.
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By the mid-19th century the village of Endingen had about 2,000 inhabitants, about half Jews and half Christians. By comparison, the town of
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reported that antisemitic incidents in Switzerland tripled between October 7th, 2023 and March 2024 and called the increase "unprecedented."
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The Jewish population was fairly well tolerated, self-managed and maintained its own school. In 1862 the Jewish community of ZĂŒrich, the
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have a Jewish community exceeding 1,000 people. One third of Swiss Jews reside in the Canton of Zurich (in 2015, 6,045 people over 15).
3029:. The local Christians traveled to neighboring villages for church services. Jewish and Christian families often lived under one roof.
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2961:("Jew's island") which had been leased to the Jewish community. As the island was repeatedly flooded and devastated, in 1750 the
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3214:. Today there are only a few, mostly elderly Jews who know the dialect of the Surb Valley Jews, and the Sound Archives at the
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The "Decree on Jewish Rural Tradeâ (âVerordnung wegen der Juden Handel auf der Landschaftâ, 1768), in the collection of the
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Swiss Federal Statistical Office - StÀndige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren 1) nach Religionszugehörigkeit und Kantonen, 2015
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threats, three incidents of damage to property, and three incidents of graffiti. One of those incidents was reported on by
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Jews were banished from the Swiss Cantons in the 1620s. From 1776 they were allowed to reside exclusively in two villages,
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so-called 'voluntary circumcisions' amount to wilful criminal bodily harm. The suspension was lifted in August of 2012.
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3898:, anti-Semitism increased in Switzerland in reaction to the then heightened scrutiny of the country's actions during the
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In the late 1990s it was widely reported by both Swiss and American media that the Swiss government had in 1938 asked
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4201:"Auf den Spuren der mittelalterlichen Synagoge von ZĂŒrich: ArchĂ€ologische Untersuchungen im Haus Froschaugasse 4"
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JĂŒdische Schweiz : 50 Objekte erzĂ€hlen Geschichte = Jewish Switzerland : 50 objects tell their stories
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2819:, and took place ten times in the city â more than in any other city in the world. Basel is also home to the
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to establish a cemetery in the vicinity of their communities in the Surb valley. Once a year, the communal
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In September 2024, two Arab-speaking men were arrested for an antisemitic attack against a British Jew in
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JĂŒdische Schweiz 50 Objekte erzĂ€hlen Geschichte = Jewish Switzerland : 50 objects tell their stories
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have been present in the territory of what is now Switzerland since before the emergence of the medieval
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and a Republic. One of the compromises in the Act was that no further rights were granted to the Jews.
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2314:
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in 1866. Two instrumental Jewish figures in the struggle for emancipation were teacher and publicist
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1972:
1913:
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3949:, we no longer rent sports equipment to our Jewish brothers. This applies to all equipment such as
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242:
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expressed shock over the attack and emphasized that "antisemitism has no place in Switzerland".
3875:
3578:
3187:, traces of which can be still found today in the region. Western Yiddish is mainly a mixture of
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2262:
2227:
2106:
2096:
1879:
1050:
992:
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505:
462:
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5389:"Teen suspect in stabbing of Jewish man in Zurich expressed solidarity with Islamic State group"
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and Lengnau to purchase woodland on a small hill between Endingen and Lengnau to establish the
2900:, which they were frequently accused of having caused by poisoning wells. In 1349, 600 Jews in
2812:
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2040:
1106:
658:
277:
247:
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4417:. Lubrich, Naomi 1976-, Christoph Merian Verlag, JĂŒdisches Museum der Schweiz ( ed.). .
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2010:
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occurred in ZĂŒrich in 1249. A plaque was mounted at the location of the former synagogue at
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quarter to commemorate the pogrom. The Jews were also victims of persecution during the
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5414:"Swiss president says 'antisemitism has no place' in country after Jewish man stabbed"
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3119:
5491:
5151:
5141:
5114:
5089:
4957:
4907:
4495:"Die Israelitische Cultusgemeinde ZĂŒrich (ICZ) und ihre Synagoge in der Löwenstrasse"
4428:
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4012:
3945:
at the rental read "Due to various very annoying incidents, including the theft of a
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5014:
Final Report of the Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland â Second World War
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3823:
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691:
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510:
400:
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97:
5458:"Antisemitism in Switzerland nearly tripled by Hamas-Israel conflict, study shows"
3210:, which is spoken to some degree by Polish and American Jews, Western Yiddish has
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4070:
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in March 1938, and again in 1942-1943 when Jews tried to escape deportation from
3595:
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101:
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Two separate doors (one for Jews and one for Christians) on a house in Endingen
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2539:
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2087:
1967:
1946:
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1918:
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22:
Swiss Jews - Schweizer Juden - Juifs suisses - Ebrei svizzeri - Ś©Ś°ŚČŚŠŚąŚš ŚŚÖŽŚŚ
6423:
5135:
4875:"Bergier report: Thousands of Jews turned back, "widespread anti-semitism""
4412:
3998:
3970:
3934:
3818:, a large part of them were denied access to the country. According to the
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1984:
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5011:
Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland â Second World War (2002).
3914:
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3721:
3709:
3665:
ZĂŒrich (the first liberal community in German-speaking Europe after 1945)
3585:
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many Jews of the city were executed and the survivors expelled under the
2865:
2776:
2396:
2338:
2003:
909:
904:
899:
869:
34:
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2989:, meaning "holy society") visited the graves on the island. In 1750 the
5224:"CFCA - Increase in the number of antisemitic incidents in Switzerland"
3853:
The passport pictured here belonged to Agatha SĂŒss. It is today in the
3672:
3624:
3610:
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3013:
2967:
2054:
1068:
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323:
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5433:"Two Arab-speaking men arrested for antisemitic attack in Switzerland"
5296:"Orthodox Jew wounded in allegedly anti-Semitic attack in Switzerland"
3004:
5339:"Swiss antisemitism shock at Davos shop sign saying no skis for Jews"
4255:
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28:
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4279:"Wie 1401 ein GerĂŒcht allen Juden in Schaffhausen das Leben kostete"
4229:
3629:
2797:
970:
61:
5566:
4254:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
4228:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
3742:
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3619:
3590:
3548:
2742:
2386:
1996:
1928:
759:
267:
218:
5315:"Outrage over claims Davos ski shop won't rent equipment to jews"
5189:"Yearlong Inquiry Discovers Growing Anti-Semitism in Switzerland"
5140:(in German and English) (1st ed.). Basel: Christoph Merian.
3927:
3815:
3799:
3783:
3605:
3202:
3196:
3157:
3021:
2948:
2781:
2362:
2328:
2197:
1991:
980:
975:
847:
738:
633:
629:
625:
374:
369:
346:
328:
203:
198:
188:
166:
141:
117:
3171:
became the first Jewish president of the Swiss Federal Council.
2904:
were burned at the stake and 140 children forcibly converted to
5587:
3942:
3871:
3807:
3732:
3713:
3600:
3558:
3192:
3153:
2937:
2885:
2828:
2801:
2022:
2017:
1977:
1962:
1073:
965:
385:
351:
337:
272:
65:
38:
4898:
Olson, Elizabeth; Tribune, International Herald (1999-12-11).
4860:"Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic Roles of Jews in Swiss Society"
4736:
4617:
4466:
JĂŒdische und christliche ViehhĂ€ndler in der Schweiz 1780â1930
3950:
3938:
3858:
3684:
3615:
3486:
3462:
3129:
The right to settle freely was not restored to Jews with the
3065:
2816:
2805:
2789:
2735:
985:
414:
318:
287:
69:
5203:"Survey claims one in four Swiss 'anti-Semitic' - The Local"
4596:
3969:
and called for a âbattle against the Jews". Swiss President
5484:"Hospitals in Austria and Switzerland suspend circumcision"
5020:(Final Report ed.). Zurich: Pendo Verlag. p. 118.
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4517:"Die rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Kanton Aargau (1900)"
4331:"JĂŒdischer Friedhof Endingen / Lengau (Kanton Aargau / CH)"
3946:
3717:
3705:
3510:
3244:
3075:("Plum war"). At the same time other revolts, such as the
3017:
2877:
2772:
137:
5364:"Massnahmen fĂŒr Integration von jĂŒdischen GĂ€sten in Davos"
4792:
4666:
3060:. The Republic attempted to modernize and centralize the
4981:
5246:"Huge increase in anti-Semitic incidents in Switzerland"
4799:
4037:
Wolkenbruch's Wondrous Journey Into the Arms of a Shiksa
3883:
for the Study of Contemporary Anti-Semitism and Racism.
4554:
2951:
communities were buried on a small island in the river
2788:
in the 13th century (the first communities settling in
5541:"Zurich children's hospital lifts ban on circumcision"
5218:
5216:
4764:
4708:
4680:
4638:
4410:
5070:
O'Dea, Clare O'Dea, Clare O'Dea, Clare (2013-02-10).
4568:
4203:(in German). Stadt ZĂŒrich. 2002-08-08. Archived from
4105:
3083:. The Act of Mediation was a compromise between the
2868:, Switzerland) in 2001 attests to Jewish presence in
4487:
4075:
3838:
Help networks did exist, the most notable being the
2001:
1982:
405:
5213:
4750:
4694:
3793:
5171:"Anti-Semitism Rising in Switzerland, Study Finds"
4900:"Swiss Policy Doomed Fleeing Jews, Historians Say"
4307:
3870:Switzerland has in general been supportive toward
3727:
3218:have begun recording what is left of the dialect.
3133:of 1848, and was only granted after approval in a
5622:
5111:Passports, Profiteers, Police: A Swiss War Secret
4142:, first Swiss Federal Councillor of Jewish origin
3904:World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss Banks
3452:
3020:were allowed to settle in the communities of the
2780:extends back at least a thousand years. Jews and
6447:
5577:Muslims and Jews in Switzerland - Simon Erlanger
4583:"JĂŒdische Organisationen und Gemeinden in Basel"
3993:
3708:except for physicians were expelled from all of
5517:"Swiss legal experts divided over circumcision"
5133:
4367:
4365:
4193:
3933:In February 2024, Swiss police investigated a
3694:
6303:
6014:
5608:
5113:(in English and German). edition clandestin.
3937:rental at the foot of the Pischa mountain in
3699:
2707:
2453:
5094:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5072:"Nazi hunter says Swiss rejected fewer Jews"
4933:"Judenstempel: Korrektur einer Halbwahrheit"
4897:
4872:
4765:"Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft ZĂŒrich"
4362:
4301:
3941:for banning Jewish customers (the notice in
2947:Beginning in 1603, the deceased Jews of the
6317:
4958:"Juden-Stempel ist eine deutsche Erfindung"
4854:
4852:
4850:
4534:
4532:
4388:
4218:
697:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
6310:
6296:
6028:
6021:
6007:
5615:
5601:
4449:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4382:
4376:
4349:
4347:
3649:Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft ZĂŒrich
2884:of the murder of a Christian boy. Another
2714:
2700:
2460:
2446:
27:
5134:Battegay, Caspar; Lubrich, Naomi (2018).
5069:
4816:"Switzerland Virtual Jewish History Tour"
4681:"Communauté Israélite Libérale de GenÚve"
3712:except for two villages in the canton of
3502:Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft Basel
3226:According to the 2000 census, the Jewish
3116:Israelitische Cultusgemeinde ZĂŒrich (ICZ)
3111:had about 1,500 people at the same time.
2839:, is considered to be the most important
5430:
4847:
4529:
4463:
4164:"The Virtual Jewish World â Switzerland"
4005:
3848:
3731:
3467:
3456:
3096:
3003:
2753:
2741:
2725:
5572:Chabad-Lubavitch centers in Switzerland
5431:Weinthal, Benjamin (4 September 2024).
5108:
4344:
3574:Communauté Israélite Libérale de GenÚve
3012:In accordance with a resolution of the
6448:
5312:
4930:
4323:
4276:
4157:
4155:
3988:Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities
3959:Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities
2923:
2872:, a province of the Roman Empire. The
6291:
6002:
5596:
5514:
5481:
5168:
4873:swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (1999-12-10).
4751:"Israelitische Cultusgemeinde ZĂŒrich"
4608:
4606:
4406:
4404:
4270:
3798:When thousands of Jews tried to flee
3777:
3736:Meat that has been Kosher slaughtered
3092:
5169:Olson, Elizabeth (6 November 1998).
5044:
4828:
4555:"Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Baden"
4395:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4354:Endingen municipal website - History
3865:
3691:dissolved due to a lack of members.
2993:'allowed' the Jewish communities of
56:Regions with significant populations
5588:Institute for Global Jewish Affairs
5271:"Anti-Semitism | OSCE - ODIHR"
4737:"Israelitische Gemeinde Winterthur"
4277:Denzel, Ralph (17 September 2018).
4152:
3763:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
3643:Israelitische Cultusgemeinde ZĂŒrich
2835:community. Its main synagogue, the
13:
4695:"Communauté Israélite de Lausanne"
4603:
4514:
4401:
14:
6477:
5560:
4667:"Communeauté Israélite de GenÚve"
4497:(in German). alemannia-judaica.de
4333:(in German). alemannia-judaica.de
4308:Andreas Steigmeier (2008-02-04).
4135:Switzerland during the World Wars
3505:Liberale JĂŒdische Gemeinde Migwan
3048:Switzerland in the Napoleonic era
3041:
488:Historical population comparisons
6358:
5482:Press, Associated (2012-07-25).
4252:"The Jewish Community of Zurich"
4161:
4115:
4092:
4078:
3833:
3794:Entry Denials of Jewish Refugees
3768:
2851:
2683:
2496:
1132:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1046:Historical population by country
6466:Jews and Judaism in Switzerland
5533:
5508:
5475:
5450:
5424:
5406:
5381:
5356:
5331:
5306:
5288:
5263:
5238:
5195:
5181:
5162:
5127:
5102:
5063:
5038:
5004:
4974:
4950:
4924:
4891:
4866:
4822:
4785:
4771:
4757:
4743:
4729:
4715:
4701:
4687:
4673:
4659:
4645:
4631:
4589:
4575:
4561:
4547:
4508:
4472:
4457:
4411:Battegay, Caspar 1978- (2018).
4226:"The Jewish Community of Basel"
4024:, a 1997 Swiss documentary film
3759:Jewish Political Studies Review
3728:Prohibition of Kosher Slaughter
3221:
2936:, in what is now the canton of
5624:History of the Jews in Europe
4709:"The Jewish Community Lucerne"
4569:"Israelitische Gemeinde Basel"
4244:
4181:
3571:Communauté Israélite de GenÚve
3453:Places with a Jewish community
2942:Sammlung JĂŒdischer Geschichten
1:
5030:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4996:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4146:
4066:History of the Jews in ZĂŒrich
4061:History of the Jews in Geneva
3994:Male circumcision controversy
3636:History of the Jews in Zurich
3565:History of the Jews in Geneva
3553:Israelitische Gemeinde Tafers
3118:was founded, and in 1884 the
703:Christianity and Judaism
5515:Douez, Sophie (2012-07-26).
5313:Keaten, Jamey (2024-02-12).
4051:History of the Jews in Basel
4032:, a 2013 Swiss-Austrian film
3953:, air boards, ski jacks and
3855:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
3499:Israelitische Gemeinde Basel
3493:History of the Jews in Basel
3102:Synagoge ZĂŒrich Löwenstrasse
2821:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
2732:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
7:
6456:Antisemitism in Switzerland
4931:Rauber, Urs (18 Mar 2001).
4056:History of the Jews in Bern
4044:
3695:Antisemitism in Switzerland
3517:History of the Jews in Bern
3474:Jewish cemetery in Endingen
3174:
2002:
1983:
1710:Latin America and Caribbean
406:
10:
6482:
6430:Reformation in Switzerland
3886:In 1998, according to the
3700:Expulsion and Emancipation
3054:French invaded Switzerland
3045:
2846:
2843:synagogue in Switzerland.
2315:Jewish political movements
2012:Conversion to Judaism
6418:Irreligion in Switzerland
6410:
6367:
6356:
6325:
6036:
5948:
5910:
5630:
4986:. 2002. pp. 130â131.
3919:2014 IsraelâGaza conflict
3822:final report, during the
3661:Jewish liberal community
3228:population of Switzerland
2944:by Johann Caspar Ulrich.
718:Hinduism and Judaism
116:
111:
80:
75:
60:
55:
50:
45:
26:
5045:Congress, World Jewish.
4829:Congress, World Jewish.
4614:"JĂŒdische Gemeinde Bern"
4544:accessed 20 October 2017
4283:Schaffhauser Nachrichten
3923:European Jewish Congress
3476:by Johann Caspar Ulrich.
3183:once spoke a dialect of
3141:and rabbi and historian
2916:was the location of the
2831:also hosts an important
544:Temple in Jerusalem
237:Bar and bat mitzvah
6319:Religion in Switzerland
6030:Antisemitism in Europe
5370:(in German). 2024-07-04
5109:Lubrich, Naomi (2021).
5047:"World Jewish Congress"
4831:"World Jewish Congress"
4639:"Communeauté Israélite"
4130:Religion in Switzerland
2837:Synagogue Hekhal Haness
2669:Territorial development
506:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6076:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5673:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5567:Jewish Switzerland.org
4464:Kaufmann, Uri (1988).
4168:Jewish Virtual Library
3881:Stephen Roth Institute
3862:
3737:
3523:JĂŒdische Gemeinde Bern
3477:
3465:
3461:The main synagogue of
3104:
3009:
2813:World Zionist Congress
2766:
2751:
2739:
2690:Switzerland portal
6338:Swiss Reformed Church
5051:World Jewish Congress
4835:World Jewish Congress
4484:accessed 16 June 2010
4359:accessed 16 June 2010
4006:Cinema and television
3876:El Al plane in ZĂŒrich
3852:
3735:
3704:In 1622, most of the
3471:
3460:
3100:
3046:Further information:
3007:
2918:Schaffhausen Massacre
2874:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2786:Old Swiss Confederacy
2757:
2745:
2729:
2550:Old Swiss Confederacy
1252:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1247:Republic of the Congo
641:Second Temple Judaism
512:Kingdom of Judah
483:Modern historiography
86:Swiss Standard German
6461:Jewish Swiss history
4653:"JĂŒdische Gemeinden"
3577:Synagogue SĂ©pharade
3472:1754 drawing of the
3216:University of Zurich
3056:and established the
2815:of 1897 was held in
2354:World Agudath Israel
1495:United Arab Emirates
582:Second Temple period
572:Babylonian captivity
5911:States with limited
5462:The Times of Israel
5418:The Times of Israel
5228:antisemitism.org.il
4040:, a 2018 Swiss film
4016:, a 1981 Swiss film
3984:The Times of Israel
3671:The communities of
3179:Jews living in the
3147:freedom of religion
3062:Swiss Confederation
2924:Early Modern period
2860:depiction found in
2580:Transitional period
647:Hellenistic Judaism
225:Land of Israel
184:Principles of faith
23:
5582:2012-02-19 at the
5175:The New York Times
4904:The New York Times
4479:Swiss Jews website
4100:Switzerland portal
3978:Davos, Switzerland
3863:
3820:Bergier Commission
3778:The J Stamp Affair
3761:(published by the
3755:Jewish Federations
3753:(president of the
3738:
3478:
3466:
3256:Jewish population
3212:almost disappeared
3131:Swiss constitution
3105:
3093:Modern Switzerland
3010:
2767:
2752:
2740:
2208:Jewish Koine Greek
1750:Dominican Republic
1031:Judaism by country
710:Jews and Christmas
565:Assyrian captivity
21:
6443:
6442:
6343:Roman Catholicism
6285:
6284:
5996:
5995:
5545:medicalxpress.com
4937:Beobachter Online
4424:978-3-85616-847-6
4013:Das Boot ist voll
3999:Male circumcision
3866:Post-World War II
3857:'s collection in
3745:was forbidden in
3654:Jewish community
3539:La Chaux-de-Fonds
3450:
3449:
3139:Markus G. Dreyfus
3122:was built at the
3058:Helvetic Republic
2999:Endingen cemetery
2870:Germania Superior
2746:The synagogue of
2724:
2723:
2522:(200 BC â AD 400)
2470:
2469:
2419:
2418:
2167:
2166:
1914:Reconstructionist
1858:
1857:
1010:
1009:
817:
816:
654:JewishâRoman wars
602:Hasmonean dynasty
518:Kingdom of Israel
422:
421:
123:
122:
6473:
6362:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6037:Sovereign states
6023:
6016:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5949:Dependencies and
5890:Northern Ireland
5631:Sovereign states
5617:
5610:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5521:SWI swissinfo.ch
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5273:. Archived from
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5248:. Archived from
5242:
5236:
5235:
5230:. Archived from
5220:
5211:
5210:
5205:. Archived from
5199:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5093:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5076:SWI swissinfo.ch
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5021:
5019:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4987:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4879:SWI swissinfo.ch
4870:
4864:
4863:
4856:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4616:. Archived from
4610:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4436:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4358:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:(in German). HDS
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4289:on 18 April 2023
4285:. Archived from
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4159:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4081:
3900:Second World War
3824:Second World War
3634:â Main article:
3563:â Main article:
3515:â Main article:
3491:â Main article:
3250:
3249:
3143:Meyer Kayserling
3081:Act of Mediation
2987:កebh'ra Qaddisha
2892:4 in the former
2716:
2709:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2664:Military history
2500:
2490:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2311:
2310:
2192:
2013:
2007:
1988:
1952:
1951:
1899:
1846:New Zealand
1798:
1761:El Salvador
1751:
1683:Northern America
1675:
1269:
1025:
1024:
936:Crimean Karaites
832:
831:
810:
808:
729:
727:
719:
713:
704:
692:Rabbinic Judaism
673:
667:
661:
649:
637:
603:
596:Maccabean Revolt
573:
566:
560:
552:
545:
539:
531:
513:
437:
436:
411:
306:
305:
238:
226:
125:
124:
46:Total population
37:(dark green) in
33:The location of
31:
24:
20:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6406:
6363:
6354:
6321:
6316:
6286:
6281:
6205:North Macedonia
6032:
6027:
5997:
5992:
5950:
5944:
5930:Northern Cyprus
5912:
5906:
5805:North Macedonia
5626:
5621:
5584:Wayback Machine
5563:
5558:
5549:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5525:
5523:
5513:
5509:
5500:
5498:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5464:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5429:
5425:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5398:
5396:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5373:
5371:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5348:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5323:
5321:
5319:The Independent
5311:
5307:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5280:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5255:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5167:
5163:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5107:
5103:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5068:
5064:
5055:
5053:
5043:
5039:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5009:
5005:
4989:
4988:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4962:www.hagalil.com
4956:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4929:
4925:
4916:
4914:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4881:
4871:
4867:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4839:
4837:
4827:
4823:
4814:
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4800:
4791:
4790:
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4777:
4776:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4693:
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4688:
4679:
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4674:
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4660:
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4604:
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4576:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4515:Haller, Ernst.
4513:
4509:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4462:
4458:
4438:
4437:
4425:
4409:
4402:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4345:
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4329:
4328:
4324:
4315:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4258:on 24 June 2018
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4232:on 24 June 2018
4224:
4223:
4219:
4210:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4188:Augusta Raurica
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4160:
4153:
4149:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4071:Surbtaler Juden
4047:
4021:GrĂŒningers Fall
4008:
3996:
3895:Chicago Tribune
3868:
3836:
3828:Serge Klarsfeld
3796:
3780:
3771:
3730:
3702:
3697:
3455:
3224:
3208:Eastern Yiddish
3191:dialects, with
3185:Western Yiddish
3177:
3120:Synagoge ZĂŒrich
3095:
3073:Zwetschgenkrieg
3050:
3044:
2926:
2862:Augusta Raurica
2854:
2849:
2771:history of the
2720:
2684:
2682:
2488:
2481:
2466:
2421:
2420:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2288:Judeo-Malayalam
2268:Judaeo-Georgian
2188:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2069:Yiddish theatre
2011:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1897:
1870:
1860:
1859:
1796:
1749:
1673:
1267:
1051:Genetic studies
1022:
1012:
1011:
829:
819:
818:
806:
805:
725:
724:
717:
707:
702:
684:and Middle Ages
682:Rabbinic period
669:
663:
656:
644:
615:
601:
571:
564:
555:
547:
543:
534:
529:in Judaism
526:
511:
434:
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423:
303:
293:
292:
236:
224:
169:
41:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6479:
6469:
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6463:
6458:
6441:
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6435:Swiss Brethren
6432:
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6412:
6408:
6407:
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6404:
6399:
6394:
6393:
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6315:
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6292:
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6277:United Kingdom
6274:
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6118:
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6098:
6096:Czech Republic
6093:
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6063:
6058:
6053:
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6046:
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5994:
5993:
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5990:
5985:
5980:
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5954:
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5951:other entities
5946:
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5916:
5914:
5908:
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5880:United Kingdom
5877:
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5693:Czech Republic
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5597:
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5562:
5561:External links
5559:
5557:
5556:
5532:
5507:
5474:
5449:
5423:
5405:
5380:
5368:Tages-Anzeiger
5355:
5330:
5305:
5287:
5262:
5237:
5234:on 2014-11-30.
5212:
5209:on 2014-05-16.
5194:
5180:
5161:
5146:
5126:
5120:978-3907262092
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4507:
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4392:in the online
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4243:
4217:
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4150:
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4086:Judaism portal
4074:
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4033:
4029:Akte GrĂŒninger
4025:
4017:
4007:
4004:
3995:
3992:
3917:, such as the
3911:Western Europe
3889:New York Times
3867:
3864:
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3162:Eastern Europe
3094:
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3042:Napoleonic era
3040:
3035:letters patent
2985:: ŚŚŚšŚ Ś§ŚŚŚ©Ś,
2979:hevra kadishah
2974:chevra kadisha
2925:
2922:
2856:A ring with a
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2759:Synagogengasse
2722:
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2719:
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2674:Historiography
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2606:
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2349:Territorialism
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2233:Judaeo-Spanish
2230:
2228:Judaeo-Iranian
2225:
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2015:
2008:
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1994:
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1107:Bilad-el-Sudan
1104:
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1060:Land of Israel
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918:Related groups
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775:Jewish atheism
772:
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747:
746:
741:
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726:IslamicâJewish
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591:Yehud Medinata
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508:
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497:Ancient Israel
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453:Land of Israel
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408:Shulchan Aruch
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174:God in Judaism
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58:
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17:
9:
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3:
2:
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6168:Liechtenstein
6166:
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5989:
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5963:Faroe Islands
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5947:
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5935:South Ossetia
5933:
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5778:
5776:
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5771:
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5765:Liechtenstein
5763:
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5709:
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5671:
5669:
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5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5606:
5604:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5438:
5434:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5277:on 2016-06-01
5276:
5272:
5266:
5252:on 2016-05-30
5251:
5247:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5190:
5184:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5147:9783856168476
5143:
5139:
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5130:
5122:
5116:
5112:
5105:
5097:
5091:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5033:
5027:
5016:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4984:
4977:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4876:
4869:
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4855:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4794:
4793:"Or Chadasch"
4788:
4780:
4774:
4766:
4760:
4752:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4710:
4704:
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4690:
4682:
4676:
4668:
4662:
4654:
4648:
4640:
4634:
4620:on 2021-06-15
4619:
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4609:
4607:
4598:
4592:
4584:
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4570:
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4407:
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4355:
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4332:
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4311:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4207:on 2015-12-23
4206:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4184:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4141:
4140:Ruth Dreifuss
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4109:
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4090:
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4018:
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4010:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:Islamic State
3962:
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3956:
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3891:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3834:Help Networks
3831:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3769:The Holocaust
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3751:Alfred Donath
3748:
3744:
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3725:
3723:
3719:
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3579:Hekhal Haness
3576:
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3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3169:Ruth Dreifuss
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3086:Ancien Regime
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:In 1798, the
3049:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3006:
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3000:
2996:
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2891:
2890:Froschaugasse
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:Early history
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2827:communities,
2826:
2822:
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2814:
2809:
2807:
2803:
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2647:
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2640:
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2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:Federal state
2617:
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2611:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2571:Ancien RĂ©gime
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:Early history
2504:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2463:
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2307:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Judeo-Aramaic
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Judeo-Italian
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
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2216:
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2209:
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2142:
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2128:
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2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
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2100:
2098:
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2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:Denominations
1864:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
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1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
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1762:
1759:
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1732:
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1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:United States
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
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1676:
1671:
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1576:
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1569:
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1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
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1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
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1401:
1398:
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1373:
1371:
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1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
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1333:
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1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
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1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Guinea-Bissau
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Lists of Jews
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
921:
917:
916:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
835:
834:
833:
828:
823:
822:
811:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:The Holocaust
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
755:
751:
750:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
722:
720:
715:
711:
705:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
683:
680:
679:
672:
666:
660:
655:
652:
648:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
554:
551:
546:
541:
537:
533:
530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
498:
495:
494:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
443:
439:
438:
433:
428:
427:
416:
413:
410:
409:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Mishneh Torah
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
381:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
362:
359:
358:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
339:
336:
335:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
315:
314:
311:
308:
307:
302:
297:
296:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
234:
232:
229:
227:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
163:
162:
157:
156:Who is a Jew?
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:Swiss Italian
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
16:
6424:Landeskirche
6422:
6396:
6348:Old Catholic
6333:Christianity
5940:Transnistria
5864:
5548:. Retrieved
5544:
5535:
5524:. Retrieved
5520:
5510:
5499:. Retrieved
5488:The Guardian
5487:
5477:
5465:. Retrieved
5461:
5452:
5440:. Retrieved
5436:
5426:
5417:
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3971:Viola Amherd
3963:
3935:winter sport
3932:
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3837:
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3656:Agudas Achim
3655:
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3514:
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3225:
3222:Demographics
3200:
3178:
3166:
3151:
3128:
3124:Löwenstrasse
3123:
3113:
3106:
3084:
3077:Stecklikrieg
3072:
3070:
3051:
3031:
3011:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2963:Surbtal Jews
2956:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2934:Oberendingen
2927:
2914:Schaffhausen
2898:Black Plague
2889:
2855:
2810:
2794:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2659:LGBT history
2653:
2600:Regeneration
2412:Post-Zionism
2283:Judeo-Berber
2278:Judeo-Arabic
2238:Judeo-Gascon
1985:Pidyon haben
1904:Conservative
1450:Saudi Arabia
1268:South Africa
1257:Sierra Leone
1079:Israeli Jews
993:Mosaic Arabs
946:Kaifeng Jews
807:ArabâIsraeli
780:Emancipation
659:Great Revolt
468:Anti-Judaism
463:Antisemitism
458:Name "Judea"
253:Baal teshuva
90:Swiss French
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18:Ethnic group
15:
6262:Switzerland
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5442:5 September
4542:(in German)
4482:(in German)
4357:(in German)
4310:"JudenÀule"
4173:12 December
4162:Hein, Avi.
4122:Switzerland
3915:Switzerland
3840:ĆadoĆ Group
3812:Netherlands
3747:Switzerland
3722:Switzerland
3710:Switzerland
3663:Or Chadasch
3586:Kreuzlingen
3544:Endingen AG
3529:Biel/Bienne
3189:High German
3181:Surb Valley
2908:, while in
2906:Catholicism
2866:Kaiseraugst
2777:Switzerland
2649:Immigration
2627:(1914â1945)
2602:(1830â1847)
2596:(1814â1830)
2594:Restoration
2590:(1798â1814)
2573:(1648â1798)
2567:(1516â1648)
2565:Reformation
2561:(1291â1516)
2489:Switzerland
2487:History of
2407:Revisionist
2397:Neo-Zionism
2004:Zeved habat
1797:Puerto Rico
1623:Netherlands
1455:South Korea
1440:Philippines
1320:Afghanistan
1187:Ivory Coast
961:Crypto-Jews
926:Bnei Anusim
905:Bene Israel
870:Beta Israel
827:Communities
734:Middle Ages
473:Persecution
248:Bereavement
35:Switzerland
6450:Categories
6195:Montenegro
6178:Luxembourg
6158:Kazakhstan
6061:Azerbaijan
5835:San Marino
5795:Montenegro
5775:Luxembourg
5755:Kazakhstan
5658:Azerbaijan
5550:2024-06-23
5526:2024-06-23
5501:2024-06-23
5399:2024-03-08
5374:2024-07-05
5349:2024-03-08
5324:2024-06-23
5281:2019-06-16
5256:2016-04-29
5156:1030337455
5081:2024-06-25
5056:2024-06-25
4983:ICE Report
4967:2024-07-02
4917:2024-06-28
4884:2024-06-28
4840:2024-06-24
4779:"rel.info"
4723:"rel.info"
4624:2021-05-25
4522:2024-01-04
4501:2015-01-25
4468:. Chronos.
4433:1015350203
4337:2015-12-17
4316:2015-12-17
4211:2014-10-30
4147:References
3802:after the
3788:Beobachter
3673:Porrentruy
3625:Winterthur
3611:St. Gallen
3596:Lengnau AG
3534:Bremgarten
3237:Basel-City
3206:). Unlike
3135:referendum
3014:Tagsatzung
2991:Tagsatzung
2968:Tagsatzung
2965:asked the
2811:The first
2792:in 1214).
2654:Swiss Jews
2625:World Wars
2542:(900â1300)
2515:Prehistory
2392:Maximalism
2344:Secularism
2324:Autonomism
2141:Literature
1934:Humanistic
1538:Azerbaijan
1500:Uzbekistan
1475:Tajikistan
1395:Kyrgyzstan
1380:Kazakhstan
1227:Mozambique
1202:Madagascar
1122:Cape Verde
1074:New Yishuv
1069:Old Yishuv
1020:Population
998:Subbotniks
956:Samaritans
895:Romanyotim
838:Ashkenazim
785:Old Yishuv
765:Sabbateans
752:Modern era
744:Golden Age
671:Bar Kokhba
391:Beit Yosef
258:Philosophy
6390:Ahmadiyya
6173:Lithuania
5968:Gibraltar
5770:Lithuania
5496:0261-3077
5026:cite book
4992:cite book
4912:0362-4331
4441:cite book
3955:snowshoes
3844:Holocaust
3804:Anschluss
3027:synagogue
3016:in 1678,
2958:JudenÀule
2955:, called
2841:Sephardic
2833:Sephardic
2825:Ashkenazi
2765:in ZĂŒrich
2532:(400â900)
2526:Alemannia
2520:Roman era
2402:Religious
2258:Zarphatic
2248:Bukharian
2218:Judeo-Tat
2203:Yeshivish
2177:Languages
2132:Sephardic
2122:Israelite
2112:Ethiopian
2102:Ashkenazi
2041:Religious
1831:Australia
1813:Venezuela
1719:Argentina
1701:Greenland
1613:Lithuania
1465:Sri Lanka
1460:Singapore
1385:Kurdistan
1350:Indonesia
1340:Hong Kong
1293:Abayudaya
1217:Mauritius
951:Igbo Jews
941:Krymchaks
860:Sephardim
728:relations
622:Sadducees
618:Pharisees
608:Sanhedrin
523:Jerusalem
283:Synagogue
151:Etymology
76:Languages
6380:Hinduism
6375:Buddhism
6247:Slovenia
6242:Slovakia
6220:Portugal
6081:Bulgaria
5988:Svalbard
5973:Guernsey
5920:Abkhazia
5895:Scotland
5850:Slovenia
5845:Slovakia
5820:Portugal
5678:Bulgaria
5580:Archived
5437:i24 News
5090:cite web
4597:"Migwan"
4372:Endingen
4293:18 April
4045:See also
3902:and the
3892:and the
3743:Shechita
3689:Delemont
3681:Avenches
3620:Montreux
3591:Lausanne
3549:Freiburg
3175:Language
3167:In 1999
2995:Endingen
2894:Neumarkt
2763:Neumarkt
2635:Timeline
2540:Burgundy
2530:Burgundy
2478:a series
2476:Part of
2429:Category
2387:Kahanism
2334:Feminism
2306:Politics
2190:Biblical
2160:American
2107:Bukharan
2097:American
1997:Shidduch
1973:Clothing
1929:Haymanot
1875:Orthodox
1803:Suriname
1786:Paraguay
1739:Colombia
1638:Portugal
1548:Bulgaria
1485:Thailand
1435:Pakistan
1415:Mongolia
1410:Malaysia
1330:Cambodia
1304:Zimbabwe
1279:Tanzania
1157:Eswatini
1147:Ethiopia
1137:Djibouti
1117:Cameroon
1112:Botswana
1041:Diaspora
1003:Noahides
976:Marranos
900:Cochinim
885:Bukharim
875:Gruzinim
865:Teimanim
855:Mizrahim
843:Galician
809:conflict
770:Hasidism
760:Haskalah
665:Diaspora
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268:Kabbalah
243:Marriage
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6411:Related
6402:Sikhism
6397:Judaism
6272:Ukraine
6225:Romania
6188:Moldova
6146:Ireland
6141:Iceland
6136:Hungary
6126:Germany
6121:Georgia
6111:Finland
6106:Estonia
6101:Denmark
6086:Croatia
6071:Belgium
6066:Belarus
6056:Austria
6051:Armenia
6044:Albania
5885:England
5875:Ukraine
5825:Romania
5785:Moldova
5743:Ireland
5738:Iceland
5733:Hungary
5723:Germany
5718:Georgia
5708:Finland
5703:Estonia
5698:Denmark
5683:Croatia
5668:Belgium
5663:Belarus
5653:Austria
5648:Armenia
5643:Andorra
5638:Albania
5467:11 June
5393:AP News
5300:Haaretz
4942:Aug 30,
4389:Italian
4262:24 June
4236:24 June
3928:Haaretz
3816:Belgium
3800:Austria
3784:Germany
3677:Yverdon
3606:Lucerne
3443:20,991
3432:17,914
3421:17,577
3410:18,330
3399:20,744
3388:19,984
3377:19,048
3366:19,429
3355:17,973
3344:20,979
3333:18,462
3322:12,264
3203:Yiddish
3197:Aramaic
3158:Germany
2983:Aramaic
2949:Surbtal
2930:Lengnau
2882:pretext
2858:Menorah
2847:History
2782:Judaism
2748:Lengnau
2641:Topical
2372:General
2363:Zionism
2339:Leftism
2329:Bundism
2253:Knaanic
2213:Yevanic
2198:Yiddish
2155:Yiddish
2150:Israeli
2127:Mizrahi
2117:Israeli
2088:Cuisine
2064:Ancient
2046:Secular
1992:Kashrut
1968:Wedding
1955:Customs
1947:Culture
1924:Science
1919:Renewal
1909:Karaite
1890:Hasidic
1822:Oceania
1808:Uruguay
1776:Jamaica
1756:Ecuador
1724:Bolivia
1668:Ukraine
1643:Romania
1618:Moldova
1598:Hungary
1588:Germany
1583:Georgia
1573:Finland
1568:Estonia
1563:Denmark
1558:Czechia
1543:Belarus
1533:Austria
1528:Armenia
1505:Vietnam
1420:Myanmar
1405:Lebanon
1325:Bahrain
1284:Tunisia
1262:Somalia
1237:Nigeria
1232:Namibia
1222:Morocco
1152:Eritrea
1097:Algeria
981:Neofiti
890:Italkim
880:Juhurim
790:Zionism
739:Khazars
634:Sicarii
630:Zealots
626:Essenes
613:Schisms
478:Leaders
440:General
432:History
375:Tosefta
370:Midrash
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6267:Turkey
6257:Sweden
6237:Serbia
6230:Russia
6215:Poland
6210:Norway
6163:Latvia
6131:Greece
6116:France
6091:Cyprus
5983:Jersey
5925:Kosovo
5870:Turkey
5860:Sweden
5840:Serbia
5830:Russia
5815:Poland
5810:Norway
5790:Monaco
5760:Latvia
5728:Greece
5713:France
5688:Cyprus
5494:
5154:
5144:
5117:
4910:
4431:
4421:
4383:French
4377:German
4190:(2005)
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3943:Hebrew
3872:Israel
3814:, and
3810:, the
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3714:Aargau
3658:ZĂŒrich
3651:(IRGZ)
3630:ZĂŒrich
3601:Lugano
3559:Geneva
3311:8,069
3300:7,373
3289:6,996
3278:4,216
3267:3,145
3241:Geneva
3233:Zurich
3193:Hebrew
3154:Alsace
2938:Aargau
2910:Zurich
2886:pogrom
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2802:Geneva
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2621:(1848)
2559:Growth
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2434:Portal
2293:Domari
2223:Shassi
2184:Hebrew
2079:Humour
2023:Hiloni
2018:Aliyah
1978:Niddah
1963:Minyan
1898:Reform
1885:Haredi
1880:Modern
1781:Mexico
1766:Guyana
1729:Brazil
1691:Canada
1663:Sweden
1653:Serbia
1648:Russia
1633:Poland
1628:Norway
1608:Latvia
1593:Greece
1578:France
1553:Cyprus
1519:Europe
1490:Turkey
1480:Taiwan
1390:Kuwait
1375:Jordan
1365:Israel
1299:Zambia
1289:Uganda
1207:Malawi
1177:Guinea
1167:Gambia
1102:Angola
1088:Africa
971:Dönmeh
966:Anusim
910:Berber
848:Litvak
800:Israel
706:
643:
557:Second
525:
386:Targum
352:Gemara
338:Talmud
310:Tanakh
263:Ethics
214:Prayer
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66:Geneva
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51:20,000
39:Europe
6385:Islam
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6326:Major
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3645:(ICZ)
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3418:1990
3407:1980
3396:1970
3385:1960
3374:1950
3363:1941
3352:1930
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3330:1910
3319:1900
3308:1888
3297:1880
3286:1870
3275:1860
3264:1850
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2953:Rhein
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2817:Basel
2806:Basel
2790:Basel
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1734:Chile
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1425:Nepal
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1335:China
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1197:Libya
1192:Kenya
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1142:Egypt
1127:Benin
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5492:ISSN
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5444:2024
5152:OCLC
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5032:link
4998:link
4944:2023
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4264:2018
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2932:and
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2804:and
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1836:Fiji
1791:Peru
1744:Cuba
1430:Oman
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1355:Iran
1312:Asia
1241:Igbo
1212:Mali
231:Brit
140:and
138:Jews
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