2680:
2623:. In 1899, Davis Trietsch, a delegate to the Third Zionist Congress at Basel, attempted to get an endorsement for Jewish colonisation in Cyprus, especially for Romanian Jews. Although his proposal was refused by the council, Trietsch persisted, convincing two dozen Romanian Jews to immigrate to the land. 28 Romanian families followed these and received assistance from the Jewish Colonization Association. These settlers established farms in Margo and Asheriton. The Jewish Colonisation Association continued to give some support to Jewish workers in Cyprus. Most Jewish communities between 1900 and 1910 were located in Nicosia. In 1901, the Jewish population of the island was 63 men and 56 women. In 1902,
2698:
3921:
3931:
4535:
4547:
3399:
3387:
19:
2455:, the revolting party massacred 240,000 Greek-Cypriots. Cassius Dio also reported that Jews were not allowed to settle on Cyprus after the uprising was put down. The law was applied so strictly in the centuries that followed that any Jew who wrecked his ship off the coast of Cyprus was executed right away. Jewish settlement in Cyprus appears to have completely halted until the fourth century CE.
2723:
members violating Cyprus' airspace, and suspicions that Israel had been passing intelligence to Turkey regarding Cyprus' defense systems. Today, the diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Israel are at an all-time high, reflecting common geopolitical strategies regarding Turkey in particular and
2719:. Israel and Cyprus' associations have continued to expand since 1960, the year of Cyprus' independence from Britain. Cyprus has remained a friend of Israel throughout the conflicts of recent decades, despite incidents such as side effects of Turkey and Israel co-operating in military operations,
2812:
In 2018, the Jewish population of Cyprus was estimated at around 6,500. By April 2024 the Jewish population in Cyprus has expanded further, with
Israelis alone numbering 12,000 according to a report on Israel's KAN public news channel. This report mentions three waves of Israeli migration to the
3886:
2627:
presented in a pamphlet to the
Parliamentary committee on alien immigration in London, bearing the title: "The Problem of Jewish Immigration to England and the United States Solved by Furthering the Jewish Colonisation of Cyprus."
2469:
Twice in 649 and 653, when the population was overwhelmingly
Christian, Cyprus was subjected to two raids by Arab forces which resulted in the capture and enslavement of many Cypriots. One story relates that an enslaved Jew in
2550:, investigations failed to ascertain the veracity of the report; however, as a counter-measure, the Venetian authorities decided to expel all non-native Jews from the island while leaving the Famagusta community intact.
3896:
2608:. In 1885, 27 Romanian families settled on the island as colonists but were not successful in forming communities. Romanian Jews in 1891 again bought land in Cyprus, though they did not move to the country.
4315:
3891:
2735:. He was sent to the island to help stimulate a Jewish revival. On 12 September 2005, he was formally nominated as the official Rabbi of Cyprus in a ceremony attended by guests such as Rabbi
3725:
2904:
Benjamin Arbel, "The Jews in Cyprus: New
Evidence from the Venetian Period", Jewish Social Studies, 41 (1979), pp. 23–40, reprinted in: Cyprus, the Franks and Venice (Aldershot, 2000).
3450:
4340:
4310:
3615:
3610:
3906:
3527:
1043:
1621:
2396:
in Cyprus was first recorded. The Jews had close relationships with many of the other religious groups on the island and were seen favourably by the island's
1276:
971:
3068:
Alexander
Panayotov, 'Jews and Jewish Communities in the Balkans and the Aegean until the twelfth century,' in James K. Aitken, James Carleton Paget (eds.)
3967:
3376:
1163:
2371:
2805:
met with the Chief Rabbi of Israel and signed a declaration affirming the illegitimacy of the doctrine of collective Jewish guilt for the killing of
135:
1158:
3810:
1406:
4095:
2910:
Refenberg, A. A. Das Antike
Zyprische Judentum und Seine Beziehungen zu Palästina, Journal of The Palestine Oriental Society, 12 (1932) 209–215
2901:
Yitzchak Kerem, "The Jewish and Greek
Historical Convivencia in Cyprus; Myth and Reality", Association of European Ideas, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2012
4025:
3855:
1660:
2798:. The Rabbinate is planning to establish a new larger community centre with a museum about the History of the Jews in Cyprus and a library.
3430:
2875:
645:
608:
2747:. Other guests included members of the Cypriot government, politicians, diplomats, and other prominent members of the local community.
4232:
4045:
3470:
1584:
4476:
4373:
4070:
3960:
3645:
3369:
2679:
2663:
in 1948, the
British confined 50,000 Jewish refugees in Cyprus. Once the State of Israel was created, most of the Jewish community
2569:
1607:
4242:
3835:
957:
4330:
4282:
4157:
4152:
3850:
3755:
3440:
2364:
1534:
1469:
1351:
3263:
3040:
2743:
educational division at
Lubavitch World Headquarters, the Cypriot Education and Culture minister, and Larnaca's deputy mayor
655:
4287:
4117:
3860:
3562:
3274:
3169:
1093:
2895:
Pieter W. Van der Horst, The Jews of ancient Cyprus in Zutot: Perspectives on Jewish culture Vol. 3, 2004 pp. 110–120
2667:. About 2,000 children were born in Cyprus as families waited to enter Israel. In 2014, a "Garden of Peace" was opened in
4512:
4292:
3953:
3805:
3770:
3362:
1361:
1178:
1168:
408:
4217:
3695:
3690:
3585:
2604:
refugees in Cyprus. The first attempt in 1883 was a settlement of several hundred
Russians established in Orides, near
1757:
1707:
1672:
1366:
1231:
1098:
4187:
4147:
4127:
4107:
4010:
3815:
3790:
3705:
3685:
3635:
3605:
3595:
2357:
1449:
1411:
1386:
1306:
1291:
1138:
1078:
1033:
4320:
4122:
3901:
3780:
3775:
3655:
2922:
Jennings, R. Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571–1640, pp. 221-ff. 1993
1742:
1724:
1630:
1524:
1376:
1371:
1296:
1261:
1128:
2925:
Kohen, E. History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim: Memories of a Past Golden Age, pp. 94–99 on Cyprus. 2007
4567:
4325:
4272:
4247:
4202:
4197:
4172:
4030:
3845:
3795:
3750:
3730:
3720:
3620:
2822:
2620:
2260:
2159:
1714:
1697:
1650:
1549:
1459:
1396:
1346:
1326:
1321:
1241:
1215:
1190:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1028:
1023:
4577:
4237:
4227:
4177:
4137:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4035:
4020:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3820:
3735:
3715:
3600:
3590:
2601:
1733:
1719:
1687:
1667:
1635:
1579:
1554:
1529:
1509:
1499:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1416:
1331:
1316:
1236:
1195:
1148:
1143:
1063:
1008:
2538:. In the 16th century, about 2,000 Jews were reported to have been living in Famagusta. When a rumour reached
4335:
4277:
4222:
4212:
4192:
4182:
4167:
4162:
4142:
4112:
4080:
4065:
3976:
3865:
3800:
3765:
3700:
3680:
3670:
3485:
3435:
3418:
2853:
2597:
2581:
2559:
2154:
1692:
1677:
1640:
1602:
1574:
1564:
1559:
1544:
1539:
1519:
1504:
1489:
1430:
1401:
1301:
1286:
1210:
1200:
1118:
1088:
1013:
999:
3248:
4572:
4366:
4252:
4207:
4132:
4102:
3825:
3785:
3760:
3740:
3675:
3650:
3640:
3625:
2970:
2818:
2523:
1762:
1682:
1645:
1569:
1514:
1381:
1356:
1281:
1256:
1246:
1185:
1108:
1103:
1083:
1073:
1053:
1038:
931:
635:
399:
394:
4460:
3745:
3710:
3665:
3660:
3475:
3206:
2838:
2814:
2712:
1752:
1747:
1702:
1655:
1341:
1311:
1271:
1266:
1123:
429:
3344:
4525:
3074:
3032:
2809:, repudiating the idea as a prejudice that is "incompatible with the teaching of the Holy scriptures".
2226:
2071:
1779:
1173:
369:
359:
95:
4427:
3305:
3251:
2802:
2340:
2033:
1884:
1825:
716:
3577:
3555:
2786:
in 2008. As of 2016, the Jewish community of Cyprus has opened Jewish centres in Larnaca, Nicosia,
2770:
as a necessary ingredient for the holy incense, the community began overseeing the production of a
2644:
2429:
2043:
2023:
1133:
613:
154:
2965:
4359:
3423:
2913:
Nicolaou Konnari, M. and Schabel, C. Cyprus: Society And Culture 1191–1374, pp. 162-ff. 2005
2648:
2459:
2184:
2174:
2139:
2018:
2008:
1791:
962:
904:
738:
417:
374:
89:
4382:
3324:
3089:
Cyprus Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (ca. 600–800): An Island in Transition,
2946:
2671:
to commemorate the plight of the thousands of Jewish refugees imprisoned in the British camps.
2303:
2038:
1952:
1018:
570:
189:
159:
3306:'Leave Israel, come to Cyprus - the Israelis who left for the neighboring island,' (in Hebrew)
3219:
3114:
3465:
3201:
3132:
3087:
3069:
2865:
2766:, and started a Jewish learning program in Larnaca. Since a Cypriot wine is mentioned in the
2194:
2189:
2134:
1922:
837:
565:
552:
447:
164:
3185:
2829:. Some 800 Israeli families are said to be living in Limassol, and 400 families in Larnaca.
3520:
3349:
2826:
2716:
2697:
2265:
2217:
1957:
1815:
628:
493:
482:
440:
3290:
8:
3875:
3548:
3225:
3092:
2870:
2691:
2656:
2652:
2405:
2318:
2013:
691:
558:
461:
454:
384:
272:
147:
4448:
2898:
Gad Freudenthal, Science in medieval Jewish cultures pp. 441-ff. about Cyprus, 2011
3354:
2775:
2744:
2499:
2401:
2169:
2119:
2066:
2061:
1975:
1845:
1113:
942:
701:
621:
475:
41:
4502:
4443:
4422:
4417:
3930:
3498:
3334:
3046:
3036:
3007:
2848:
2843:
2795:
2755:
2720:
2687:
2527:
2519:
2428:(a native of Cyprus) the second. They attempted to convert the Jews to Christianity.
2313:
2255:
2235:
2052:
1612:
1251:
711:
582:
512:
389:
302:
169:
2948:
The Jews Under Roman Rule: From Pompey to Diocletian: a Study in Political Relations
4481:
4401:
3293:
3137:
2999:
2952:
2732:
2728:
2683:
2596:
During the last 20 years of the 19th century, several attempts were made to settle
2572:. During Ottoman rule, the Jewish community of Cyprus thrived due to the influx of
2483:
2283:
2164:
2124:
2088:
1786:
1336:
847:
603:
507:
422:
312:
104:
2643:
in 1933, hundreds of Jews escaped to the island. Following the liquidation of the
2474:
managed to escape and seek sanctuary in Cyprus, where he converted and settled in
2763:
2736:
2577:
2503:
2448:
2245:
2204:
2199:
2179:
2101:
2095:
2028:
1980:
1820:
1801:
952:
681:
593:
576:
120:
3945:
3277:
3116:
Traveling Through Text: Message and Method in Late Medieval Pilgrimage Accounts,
2462:, Cypriot Jews attacked Christian monasteries on the island during the reign of
4551:
4396:
3460:
3153:
2907:
Noy, D. et al. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis: Vol. III Syria and Cyprus, 2004
2860:
2701:
2612:
2585:
2565:
2547:
2479:
2421:
2389:
2345:
2144:
1999:
1879:
1858:
1835:
1830:
1808:
1796:
1391:
872:
806:
771:
749:
686:
524:
502:
364:
343:
319:
85:
67:
3540:
3203:
The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union,
3134:
Trading Nations: Jews and Venetians in the Early Modern Eastern Mediterranean,
2611:
Under the leadership of Walter Cohen, 15 Russian families founded a colony in
2502:
reported that there were three distinct Jewish communities in Cyprus in 1163:
2408:, many Jews remained committed to King Lathyros and were subsequently killed.
4561:
4539:
3924:
3151:'Jewish rural settlement in Cyprus 1882—1935: a "springboard" or a destiny?,'
3050:
3011:
2624:
2573:
2293:
2288:
1494:
1421:
947:
796:
791:
786:
776:
754:
706:
468:
307:
212:
174:
125:
2880:
2783:
2640:
2632:
2543:
2417:
2397:
2323:
2149:
1990:
1985:
1943:
1896:
990:
857:
842:
801:
766:
379:
221:
4507:
3934:
3188:
2771:
2452:
2420:. Christianity was preached to the Jews in Cyprus at an early date, with
2308:
2250:
1915:
821:
816:
811:
781:
3166:
3150:
2892:
Stavros Pantelis, Place of Refuge: A History of the Jews in Cyprus, 2004
2750:
Also in 2005, the local Jewish community inaugurated the island's first
2668:
2576:
from Ottoman lands, who had emigrated to the Ottoman territories after
2507:
1966:
980:
909:
867:
696:
676:
235:
142:
62:
3170:
Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England)
2987:
2967:
2817:, the second as a consequence of Israel's political unrest due to the
2715:
since the State of Israel's founding in 1948, when Cyprus was still a
3119:
3026:
2791:
2751:
2740:
2636:
2531:
2526:
traders to come to Cyprus by promising equal treatment for Jews. The
2463:
2436:
2129:
2114:
1204:
1152:
914:
862:
852:
533:
529:
519:
434:
194:
3329:
882:
3003:
2779:
2731:
originally arrived in Cyprus from Israel in 2003 as an emissary of
2511:
2451:
and annihilated the Greek population. According to Roman historian
2425:
2298:
1908:
1840:
671:
179:
130:
3350:
Bibliography on the Jews of Cyprus (chiefly in Hebrew and English)
2794:, offering educational programs for adults, a kindergarten, and a
2639:, Cyprus played a major role for European Jews. After the rise of
4453:
4351:
3398:
3339:
3071:
The Jewish-Greek Tradition in Antiquity and the Byzantine Empire,
2787:
2705:
2584:
community in Cyprus. Ottoman rule lasted until 1878, when Cyprus
2535:
2515:
2495:
2475:
2274:
2240:
2109:
1903:
892:
887:
759:
650:
545:
541:
537:
286:
281:
258:
240:
115:
110:
100:
78:
53:
3386:
2916:
Falk, A. A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews, p. 315. 1996
3308:
3237:
2767:
2759:
2664:
2660:
2616:
2605:
2539:
2444:
2440:
1934:
1929:
1889:
1874:
985:
877:
297:
263:
249:
184:
27:
23:
3291:'Jewish museum in Cyprus aims to build bridges to Arab world,'
2919:
Stillman, N. A. The Jews of Arab Lands, pp. 295-ff. 1979
2806:
2471:
897:
326:
230:
199:
2432:, the first bishop of Britain, was the brother of Barnabas.
18:
2478:
in the late 7th century. Communities of the Greek-speaking
2393:
49:
31:
3221:
Russia-Cyprus Relations: A Pragmatic Idealist Perspective
2724:
economic interests in developing off-shore gas reserves.
3384:
2821:, and the third one in late 2023 - early 2024 following
2411:
4523:
2546:
was plotting to betray the Famagusta fortress to the
2498:, Jews were engaged in tax collecting on the island.
2400:. During the war over the city of Ptolemais between
1913:
1894:
317:
3340:
Rabbinate of Cyprus (chiefly in Hebrew and English)
3335:http://www.eretz.com/NEW/article/Cyprus%20jews.pdf
2973:, Vol. 51, Parts 1 and 2 (1961), pp. 98-104 p.101.
2928:Lewis, B. The Jews of Islam, pp. 120-ff. 2014
2659:. From 1946 until the establishment of the nearby
3975:
2580:in 1492. Famagusta became the main centre of the
4559:
3275:'Cyprus Archbishop meets Chief Rabbi of Israel,'
3570:
3167:'Nineteenth-Century Jewish Colonies in Cyprus,'
2968:'Aspects of the Jewish Revolt in A.D. 115-117,'
3028:Cyprus: its ancient cities, tombs, and temples
2988:"Aspects of the Jewish Revolt in A.D. 115-117"
2447:under the leadership of Artemion. They sacked
4367:
3961:
3556:
3370:
2615:in 1897, with the help of the Ahawat Zion of
2365:
2964:Dio's Rome, Volume 5, Book 68, paragraph 32
3064:
3062:
3060:
2876:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
609:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4374:
4360:
3968:
3954:
3563:
3549:
3377:
3363:
2553:
2530:(1373–1463) stole Jewish property in both
2372:
2358:
3180:
3178:
3283:
3057:
2696:
2678:
2489:
17:
3186:'More than just a footnote to history,'
3024:
2458:According to a late source, written by
26:(dark and medium green) in relation to
4560:
3175:
3156:, Vol. 21, No. 3/4 (2007), pp. 361-383
4355:
3949:
3544:
3358:
2416:The Jews lived well in Cyprus during
2985:
2981:
2979:
2439:against the Romans and their leader
2412:Jewish rebellions and Byzantine rule
3419:Karaolos prisoner of war camp (WWI)
13:
4381:
3172:, Vol. 22 (1968-1969), pp. 88-107.
14:
4589:
3330:http://www.marycy.org/cyprus.html
3318:
2976:
2782:blend) at the Lambouri winery in
2591:
2435:Cypriot Jews participated in the
400:Historical population comparisons
4545:
4533:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3471:Cypriot people of Jewish descent
3397:
3385:
3249:'First kosher wine from Cyprus,'
3025:Cesnola, Luigi Palma di (1877).
2713:diplomatic relations with Cyprus
2690:, with then-President of Cyprus
2647:of Europe, the British set up a
2424:being the first and the Apostle
2392:, when a considerable number of
1044:Democratic Republic of the Congo
958:Historical population by country
3299:
3268:
3257:
3242:
3231:
3212:
3194:
3159:
3143:
2886:
2819:judicial reform attempt in 2023
2621:Jewish Colonisation Association
3977:History of the Jews in Europe
3887:British Indian Ocean Territory
3499:Larnaca (also Great Synagogue)
3125:
3107:
3098:
3080:
3018:
2958:
2939:
1:
2932:
2854:History of the Jews in Greece
2560:History of the Jews in Turkey
2386:history of the Jews in Cyprus
615:Christianity and Judaism
3424:Internment camps (post-WWII)
2992:The Journal of Roman Studies
2971:The Journal of Roman Studies
2564:Cyprus was conquered by the
7:
3571:History of the Jews in Asia
3207:Manchester University Press
2832:
2739:, the Vice Chairman of the
2388:dates back at least to the
1914:
1895:
1622:Latin America and Caribbean
318:
10:
4594:
3393:Jews and Judaism in Cyprus
3325:The Jewish Virtual Library
3264:Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus
3238:Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus
3075:Cambridge University Press
3033:Cambridge University Press
2655:illegally trying to enter
2578:their expulsion from Spain
2557:
2227:Jewish political movements
1924:Conversion to Judaism
4490:
4469:
4436:
4410:
4389:
4301:
4263:
3983:
3915:
3874:
3834:
3576:
3516:
3484:
3449:
3406:
3252:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
2823:Hamas' 7 October massacre
2813:island, the first during
2803:Chrysostomos II of Cyprus
630:Hinduism and Judaism
3636:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2986:Fuks, Alexander (1961).
2674:
2649:detention camp in Cyprus
2430:Aristobulus of Britannia
456:Temple in Jerusalem
149:Bar and bat mitzvah
3897:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3476:Cyprus–Israel relations
2839:Cyprus–Israel relations
2702:Public Hanukkah menorah
2586:came under British rule
2554:Ottoman Era (1571–1878)
2460:Eutychius of Alexandria
418:Twelve Tribes of Israel
4568:Jewish Cypriot history
4026:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3289:Menelaos Hadjicostis,
2708:
2694:
2518:on Saturday evenings.
2486:have been documented.
34:
4578:Romaniote Jews topics
4411:Recognized minorities
3077:, 2014 pp.54-76 p.74.
2866:Epiphanius of Salamis
2700:
2682:
2490:Latin Era (1191–1571)
1164:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1159:Republic of the Congo
553:Second Temple Judaism
424:Kingdom of Judah
395:Modern historiography
21:
4513:Settlers from Turkey
3811:United Arab Emirates
3522:List of Cypriot Jews
3218:Costas Melakopides,
3093:Taylor & Francis
2801:In 2011, Archbishop
2717:British protectorate
2510:, and the heretical
2266:World Agudath Israel
1407:United Arab Emirates
494:Second Temple period
484:Babylonian captivity
4573:Hellenistic Judaism
4264:States with limited
3838:limited recognition
2945:E. Mary Smallwood,
2871:Hellenistic Judaism
2692:Tassos Papadopoulos
2653:Holocaust survivors
2645:concentration camps
559:Hellenistic Judaism
137:Land of Israel
96:Principles of faith
3529:List of synagogues
3165:John M.Shaftesley
3149:Yossi Ben-Artzi,
3104:Zavagno pp.84,173.
2815:the COVID pandemic
2776:Cabernet Sauvignon
2745:Alexis Michaelides
2709:
2695:
2500:Benjamin of Tudela
2402:Alexander Jannaeus
2120:Jewish Koine Greek
1662:Dominican Republic
943:Judaism by country
622:Jews and Christmas
477:Assyrian captivity
35:
4521:
4520:
4491:Middle Easterners
4423:Armenian Cypriots
4418:Maronite Cypriots
4349:
4348:
3943:
3942:
3880:other territories
3538:
3537:
3278:Famagusta Gazette
3042:978-1-139-94072-6
2849:Larnaca Synagogue
2844:History of Cyprus
2756:Larnaca Synagogue
2721:Israeli Air Force
2688:Larnaca Synagogue
2382:
2381:
2331:
2330:
2079:
2078:
1826:Reconstructionist
1770:
1769:
922:
921:
729:
728:
566:Jewish–Roman wars
514:Hasmonean dynasty
430:Kingdom of Israel
334:
333:
4585:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4508:Turkified Greeks
4402:Turkish Cypriots
4376:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4302:Dependencies and
4243:Northern Ireland
3984:Sovereign states
3970:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3892:Christmas Island
3578:Sovereign states
3565:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3530:
3523:
3488:
3453:
3431:Byzantine Empire
3401:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3345:Chabad of Cyprus
3312:
3303:
3297:
3294:Associated Press
3287:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3216:
3210:
3198:
3192:
3182:
3173:
3163:
3157:
3147:
3141:
3131:Benjamin Arbel,
3129:
3123:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3095:, 2017 pp.73-79.
3084:
3078:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3022:
3016:
3015:
2983:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2943:
2733:Chabad-Lubavitch
2729:Arie Zeev Raskin
2684:Arie Zeev Raskin
2484:Byzantine period
2374:
2367:
2360:
2223:
2222:
2104:
1925:
1919:
1900:
1864:
1863:
1811:
1758:New Zealand
1710:
1673:El Salvador
1663:
1595:Northern America
1587:
1181:
937:
936:
848:Crimean Karaites
744:
743:
722:
720:
641:
639:
631:
625:
616:
604:Rabbinic Judaism
585:
579:
573:
561:
549:
515:
508:Maccabean Revolt
485:
478:
472:
464:
457:
451:
443:
425:
349:
348:
323:
218:
217:
150:
138:
37:
36:
22:The location of
4593:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4486:
4465:
4432:
4406:
4385:
4380:
4350:
4345:
4303:
4297:
4283:Northern Cyprus
4265:
4259:
4158:North Macedonia
3979:
3974:
3944:
3939:
3911:
3879:
3870:
3851:Northern Cyprus
3837:
3830:
3572:
3569:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3486:
3480:
3451:
3445:
3441:Northern Cyprus
3402:
3392:
3383:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3288:
3284:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3232:
3217:
3213:
3199:
3195:
3191:14 August 2016.
3183:
3176:
3164:
3160:
3148:
3144:
3130:
3126:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3085:
3081:
3067:
3058:
3043:
3023:
3019:
2984:
2977:
2963:
2959:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2889:
2835:
2827:war that ensued
2764:Jewish cemetery
2737:Moshe Kotlarsky
2711:Israel has had
2677:
2661:State of Israel
2602:Romanian Jewish
2594:
2570:war with Venice
2562:
2556:
2524:Egyptian Jewish
2514:, who observed
2492:
2414:
2390:2nd century BCE
2378:
2333:
2332:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2200:Judeo-Malayalam
2180:Judaeo-Georgian
2100:
2091:
2081:
2080:
1981:Yiddish theatre
1923:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1809:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1708:
1661:
1585:
1179:
963:Genetic studies
934:
924:
923:
741:
731:
730:
718:
717:
637:
636:
629:
619:
614:
596:and Middle Ages
594:Rabbinic period
581:
575:
568:
556:
527:
513:
483:
476:
467:
459:
455:
446:
441:in Judaism
438:
423:
346:
336:
335:
215:
205:
204:
148:
136:
81:
12:
11:
5:
4591:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4397:Greek Cypriots
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4383:Cypriot people
4379:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4304:other entities
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4233:United Kingdom
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Czech Republic
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3319:External links
3317:
3314:
3313:
3298:
3282:
3267:
3256:
3241:
3230:
3228:2016 pp.137ff.
3211:
3209:2002 pp.36-39.
3193:
3184:Nathan Morley,
3174:
3158:
3154:Jewish History
3142:
3140:, 1995 pp.62f.
3124:
3106:
3097:
3079:
3056:
3041:
3035:. p. 30.
3017:
3004:10.2307/298842
2975:
2957:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Romaniote Jews
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2676:
2673:
2593:
2592:Modern history
2590:
2582:Ottoman Jewish
2566:Ottoman Empire
2558:Main article:
2555:
2552:
2491:
2488:
2480:Romaniote Jews
2413:
2410:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2261:Territorialism
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:Judaeo-Spanish
2142:
2140:Judaeo-Iranian
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:United Kingdom
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:Bilad-el-Sudan
1016:
1011:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
975:
974:
972:Land of Israel
968:
967:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
935:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
832:
831:
830:Related groups
827:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
763:
762:
757:
742:
737:
736:
733:
732:
727:
726:
725:
724:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
687:Jewish atheism
684:
679:
674:
666:
665:
661:
660:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:Islamic–Jewish
633:
626:
611:
606:
598:
597:
590:
589:
588:
587:
563:
550:
522:
517:
510:
505:
503:Yehud Medinata
497:
496:
490:
489:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
452:
444:
432:
427:
420:
412:
411:
409:Ancient Israel
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
365:Land of Israel
362:
354:
353:
347:
342:
341:
338:
337:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
320:Shulchan Aruch
315:
310:
305:
300:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
276:
275:
269:
268:
267:
266:
261:
253:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
238:
233:
225:
224:
216:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
145:
140:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
98:
93:
86:God in Judaism
82:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
46:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4590:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:Faroe Islands
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:South Ossetia
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Liechtenstein
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:South Ossetia
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
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3547:
3546:
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3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:Thomas Diez,
3197:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:Luca Zavagno
3083:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:, Paphos and
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2625:Theodor Herzl
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:Sephardi Jews
2571:
2567:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2406:King Lathyros
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Judeo-Aramaic
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Judeo-Italian
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:Denominations
1776:
1775:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:United States
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Guinea-Bissau
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
976:
973:
970:
969:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Lists of Jews
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
938:
933:
928:
927:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
834:
833:
829:
828:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
734:
723:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:The Holocaust
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
667:
663:
662:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
634:
632:
627:
623:
617:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:
595:
592:
591:
584:
578:
572:
567:
564:
560:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
495:
492:
491:
486:
481:
479:
474:
470:
466:
463:
458:
453:
449:
445:
442:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
413:
410:
407:
406:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
355:
351:
350:
345:
340:
339:
328:
325:
322:
321:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:Mishneh Torah
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
251:
248:
247:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
223:
220:
219:
214:
209:
208:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
146:
144:
141:
139:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:
80:
75:
74:
69:
68:Who is a Jew?
66:
64:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
4497:
4293:Transnistria
4040:
3876:Dependencies
3806:Turkmenistan
3771:Saudi Arabia
3630:
3466:Cypriot Jews
3413:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3311:5 April 2024
3301:
3296:6 June 2018.
3285:
3270:
3259:
3254:9 April 2008
3244:
3233:
3220:
3214:
3202:
3196:
3161:
3145:
3133:
3127:
3122:, 2014 p.134
3115:
3109:
3100:
3088:
3082:
3070:
3027:
3020:
2995:
2991:
2960:
2947:
2941:
2887:Bibliography
2881:Greek Citron
2811:
2800:
2784:Kato Platres
2780:Grenach Noir
2749:
2726:
2710:
2641:Nazi Germany
2633:World War II
2630:
2610:
2595:
2568:after their
2563:
2544:Joseph Nassi
2520:King Peter I
2493:
2468:
2457:
2434:
2415:
2398:Roman rulers
2385:
2383:
2324:Post-Zionism
2195:Judeo-Berber
2190:Judeo-Arabic
2150:Judeo-Gascon
1897:Pidyon haben
1816:Conservative
1464:
1362:Saudi Arabia
1180:South Africa
1169:Sierra Leone
991:Israeli Jews
905:Mosaic Arabs
858:Kaifeng Jews
719:Arab–Israeli
692:Emancipation
571:Great Revolt
380:Anti-Judaism
375:Antisemitism
370:Name "Judea"
165:Baal teshuva
15:
4331:Isle of Man
4266:recognition
4218:Switzerland
4153:Netherlands
3935:Asia portal
3836:States with
3756:Philippines
3696:South Korea
3691:North Korea
3586:Afghanistan
3189:Cyprus Mail
3113:Elka Weber
2774:(made of a
2772:kosher wine
2686:, rabbi of
2665:moved there
2466:(610–641).
2453:Cassius Dio
2319:Revisionist
2309:Neo-Zionism
1916:Zeved habat
1709:Puerto Rico
1535:Netherlands
1367:South Korea
1352:Philippines
1232:Afghanistan
1099:Ivory Coast
873:Crypto-Jews
838:Bnei Anusim
817:Bene Israel
782:Beta Israel
739:Communities
646:Middle Ages
385:Persecution
160:Bereavement
4562:Categories
4461:Vietnamese
4390:Indigenous
4188:San Marino
4148:Montenegro
4128:Luxembourg
4108:Kazakhstan
4011:Azerbaijan
3816:Uzbekistan
3791:Tajikistan
3706:Kyrgyzstan
3686:Kazakhstan
3606:Bangladesh
3596:Azerbaijan
3487:Synagogues
2998:: 98–104.
2933:References
2796:day school
2669:Xylotymbou
2508:Rabbanites
2418:Roman rule
2304:Maximalism
2256:Secularism
2236:Autonomism
2053:Literature
1846:Humanistic
1450:Azerbaijan
1412:Uzbekistan
1387:Tajikistan
1307:Kyrgyzstan
1292:Kazakhstan
1139:Mozambique
1114:Madagascar
1034:Cape Verde
986:New Yishuv
981:Old Yishuv
932:Population
910:Subbotniks
868:Samaritans
807:Romanyotim
750:Ashkenazim
697:Old Yishuv
677:Sabbateans
664:Modern era
656:Golden Age
583:Bar Kokhba
303:Beit Yosef
170:Philosophy
4470:Europeans
4321:Gibraltar
4123:Lithuania
3902:Hong Kong
3856:Palestine
3781:Sri Lanka
3776:Singapore
3656:Indonesia
3495:Ayia Napa
3461:Romaniote
3120:Routledge
3051:911266140
3012:0075-4358
2792:Ayia Napa
2752:synagogue
2741:Lubavitch
2657:Palestine
2637:Holocaust
2532:Famagusta
2512:Epikursin
2482:from the
2464:Heraclius
2437:Kitos War
2314:Religious
2170:Zarphatic
2160:Bukharian
2130:Judeo-Tat
2115:Yeshivish
2089:Languages
2044:Sephardic
2034:Israelite
2024:Ethiopian
2014:Ashkenazi
1953:Religious
1743:Australia
1725:Venezuela
1631:Argentina
1613:Greenland
1525:Lithuania
1377:Sri Lanka
1372:Singapore
1297:Kurdistan
1262:Indonesia
1252:Hong Kong
1205:Abayudaya
1129:Mauritius
863:Igbo Jews
853:Krymchaks
772:Sephardim
640:relations
534:Sadducees
530:Pharisees
520:Sanhedrin
435:Jerusalem
195:Synagogue
63:Etymology
4503:Lebanese
4482:Russians
4341:Svalbard
4326:Guernsey
4273:Abkhazia
4248:Scotland
4203:Slovenia
4198:Slovakia
4173:Portugal
4031:Bulgaria
3925:Category
3846:Abkhazia
3796:Thailand
3751:Pakistan
3731:Mongolia
3726:Maldives
3721:Malaysia
3621:Cambodia
3503:Limassol
3226:Springer
2833:See also
2825:and the
2635:and the
2619:and the
2548:Ottomans
2522:enticed
2504:Karaites
2426:Barnabas
2341:Category
2299:Kahanism
2246:Feminism
2218:Politics
2102:Biblical
2072:American
2019:Bukharan
2009:American
1909:Shidduch
1885:Clothing
1841:Haymanot
1787:Orthodox
1715:Suriname
1698:Paraguay
1651:Colombia
1550:Portugal
1460:Bulgaria
1397:Thailand
1347:Pakistan
1327:Mongolia
1322:Malaysia
1242:Cambodia
1216:Zimbabwe
1191:Tanzania
1069:Eswatini
1059:Ethiopia
1049:Djibouti
1029:Cameroon
1024:Botswana
953:Diaspora
915:Noahides
888:Marranos
812:Cochinim
797:Bukharim
787:Gruzinim
777:Teimanim
767:Mizrahim
755:Galician
721:conflict
682:Hasidism
672:Haskalah
577:Diaspora
448:timeline
360:Timeline
273:Rabbinic
180:Kabbalah
155:Marriage
131:Tzedakah
121:Holidays
79:Religion
42:a series
40:Part of
4552:Judaism
4526:Portals
4477:Britons
4454:Gurbeti
4444:Indians
4238:England
4228:Ukraine
4178:Romania
4138:Moldova
4096:Ireland
4091:Iceland
4086:Hungary
4076:Germany
4071:Georgia
4061:Finland
4056:Estonia
4051:Denmark
4036:Croatia
4021:Belgium
4016:Belarus
4006:Austria
4001:Armenia
3996:Andorra
3991:Albania
3821:Vietnam
3736:Myanmar
3716:Lebanon
3646:Georgia
3601:Bahrain
3591:Armenia
3506:Nicosia
3407:History
2788:Lemesos
2706:Nicosia
2631:During
2598:Russian
2536:Nicosia
2528:Genoese
2516:Shabbat
2496:1110 CE
2476:Amathus
2449:Salamis
2422:St Paul
2284:General
2275:Zionism
2251:Leftism
2241:Bundism
2165:Knaanic
2125:Yevanic
2110:Yiddish
2067:Yiddish
2062:Israeli
2039:Mizrahi
2029:Israeli
2000:Cuisine
1976:Ancient
1958:Secular
1904:Kashrut
1880:Wedding
1867:Customs
1859:Culture
1836:Science
1831:Renewal
1821:Karaite
1802:Hasidic
1734:Oceania
1720:Uruguay
1688:Jamaica
1668:Ecuador
1636:Bolivia
1580:Ukraine
1555:Romania
1530:Moldova
1510:Hungary
1500:Germany
1495:Georgia
1485:Finland
1480:Estonia
1475:Denmark
1470:Czechia
1455:Belarus
1445:Austria
1440:Armenia
1417:Vietnam
1332:Myanmar
1317:Lebanon
1237:Bahrain
1196:Tunisia
1174:Somalia
1149:Nigeria
1144:Namibia
1134:Morocco
1064:Eritrea
1009:Algeria
893:Neofiti
802:Italkim
792:Juhurim
702:Zionism
651:Khazars
546:Sicarii
542:Zealots
538:Essenes
525:Schisms
390:Leaders
352:General
344:History
287:Tosefta
282:Midrash
259:Mishnah
241:Ketuvim
236:Nevi'im
185:Customs
116:Shabbat
111:Halakha
103: (
101:Mitzvot
88: (
54:Judaism
4540:Cyprus
4437:Asians
4428:Latins
4336:Jersey
4278:Kosovo
4223:Turkey
4213:Sweden
4193:Serbia
4183:Russia
4168:Poland
4163:Norway
4143:Monaco
4113:Latvia
4081:Greece
4066:France
4041:Cyprus
3866:Taiwan
3801:Turkey
3766:Russia
3701:Kuwait
3681:Jordan
3671:Israel
3631:Cyprus
3616:Brunei
3611:Bhutan
3509:Paphos
3452:Groups
3436:Greece
3414:Cyprus
3309:Kan 11
3049:
3039:
3010:
2955:, 2001
2768:Talmud
2760:mikveh
2727:Rabbi
2617:London
2606:Paphos
2540:Venice
2445:117 CE
2441:Trajan
2346:Portal
2205:Domari
2135:Shassi
2096:Hebrew
1991:Humour
1935:Hiloni
1930:Aliyah
1890:Niddah
1875:Minyan
1810:Reform
1797:Haredi
1792:Modern
1693:Mexico
1678:Guyana
1641:Brazil
1603:Canada
1575:Sweden
1565:Serbia
1560:Russia
1545:Poland
1540:Norway
1520:Latvia
1505:Greece
1490:France
1465:Cyprus
1431:Europe
1402:Turkey
1392:Taiwan
1302:Kuwait
1287:Jordan
1277:Israel
1211:Zambia
1201:Uganda
1119:Malawi
1089:Guinea
1079:Gambia
1014:Angola
1000:Africa
883:Dönmeh
878:Anusim
822:Berber
760:Litvak
712:Israel
618:
555:
469:Second
437:
298:Targum
264:Gemara
250:Talmud
222:Tanakh
175:Ethics
126:Prayer
28:Europe
24:Cyprus
4311:Ă…land
4253:Wales
4208:Spain
4133:Malta
4103:Italy
3907:Macau
3826:Yemen
3786:Syria
3761:Qatar
3741:Nepal
3676:Japan
3651:India
3641:Egypt
3626:China
3280:2011.
3138:BRILL
2953:BRILL
2807:Jesus
2758:), a
2675:Today
2613:Margo
2542:that
2472:Syria
2294:Labor
2289:Green
1986:Dance
1944:Music
1763:Palau
1683:Haiti
1646:Chile
1570:Spain
1515:Italy
1422:Yemen
1382:Syria
1357:Qatar
1337:Nepal
1282:Japan
1257:India
1247:China
1186:Sudan
1109:Libya
1104:Kenya
1084:Ghana
1074:Gabon
1054:Egypt
1039:Benin
898:Xueta
843:Lemba
462:First
327:Zohar
231:Torah
213:Texts
200:Rabbi
190:Rites
90:names
4498:Jews
4449:Roma
3746:Oman
3711:Laos
3666:Iraq
3661:Iran
3047:OCLC
3037:ISBN
3008:ISSN
2762:, a
2651:for
2600:and
2534:and
2404:and
2394:Jews
2384:The
1753:Guam
1748:Fiji
1703:Peru
1656:Cuba
1342:Oman
1312:Laos
1272:Iraq
1267:Iran
1224:Asia
1153:Igbo
1124:Mali
143:Brit
52:and
50:Jews
32:Asia
30:and
3878:and
3000:doi
2704:in
2494:In
2443:in
1967:Art
313:Tur
105:613
4564::
3224:,
3177:^
3059:^
3045:.
3031:.
3006:.
2996:51
2994:.
2990:.
2978:^
2951:,
2588:.
2506:,
580:,
574:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
44:on
4528::
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4368:t
4361:v
3969:e
3962:t
3955:v
3564:e
3557:t
3550:v
3378:e
3371:t
3364:v
3053:.
3014:.
3002::
2778:-
2754:(
2373:e
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1207:)
1203:(
1155:)
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