Gaza Strip - Knowledge

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longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However, the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border, and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. Israel continues to control all of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.

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required to hold a meeting of three or more people. From the start of the occupation until 1994, municipalities did not have authority over, for example, water and electricity allocation, public markets, public health, and transportation. Decision-making and the initiation of new projects required the approval of the military governor. Even under the Oslo agreement, Israel maintains authority over zoning and land use. Further, municipal governments had no authority to generate revenue. Specifically, they could not introduce taxes or fees without approval from Israeli authorities. Accordingly, municipalities and local institutions often relied on donations from external sources, although access to the funds was often denied even after they had been deposited in Israeli banks. At the start of the occupation, the military government closed all Arab banks in the occupied territories. Branches of Israeli banks were allowed to transfer funds and provide services for importing and exporting businesses. Further, no banks were allowed to supply long-term credit, which seriously limited the potential for economic development.

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The economy's extreme dependence on Israel during this period is highlighted by the fact that by 1987, 60% of Gaza's GNP came from external payments, primarily through employment in Israel. Israeli policies also undercut any potential competition from Gazan products through generous subsidies to Israeli agriculture. Further, Israel banned exports to all Western markets, and enterprises that might compete with Israeli counterparts suffered as a result of the military authority's regulation. For example, permits from military authorities (which could take five years or longer to acquire) were required in order to plant new citrus trees or replace old ones, and farmers were prohibited from clearing their own land without permission. In addition, military authorities constrained fishing areas to prevent any threat of competition with Israeli products. Even juice and vegetable processing factories (which could make productive use of crop surpluses) were prohibited by the Israeli government until 1992. As Sara Roy describes, Gazan "conomic activity is determined by state policies, not market dynamics."

11973::'Yet critics point out that it is not just military supplies that cannot enter Gaza, but basic construction materials, medical supplies, and food stuffs. The issue came to international attention in 2010, when a flotilla of activists attempted to break the blockade and carry humanitarian aid into Gaza. Nine were killed when the Israeli navy entered the flotilla. The incident shone a spotlight onto the blockade of Gaza. At one stage, prohibited materials included coriander, ginger, nutmeg and newspapers. A relaxation of the rules in June 2009 meant that processed hummus was allowed in, but not hummus with extras such as pine nuts or mushrooms. One of the biggest issues has been building materials. The strict restrictions on goods going into Gaza meant that it was impossible to start reconstruction work; it was therefore impossible to repair shattered windows to keep out the winter rain.' 3238:

the development of industry receiving no investment at all. Despite the worsening living conditions in Gaza, the Israeli government continued to invest minimally throughout the military government's rule. The Gaza budget did not impose any financial burden on Israeli taxpayers, despite statements from Israeli officials that limited investment was due to financial constraints. From the 1970s and throughout the duration of the Israeli military government's authority, income tax deductions from Palestinians in Gaza exceeded Israeli expenditure, resulting in a net transfer of money from Gaza into Israel. Throughout its authority, the Israeli military government maintained a budget with little to no capital investment in Gaza. Additionally, the fiscal system resulted in a net outflow of domestic resources from the Palestinian economy.

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increasingly dependent on external sources of income. Israeli policies under the authority of the military government exacerbated dependence while externalizing (or reorienting) the economy towards Israeli priorities. This reorientation of the economy included shifting the labor force away from developing domestic agriculture and industry towards labor-intensive subcontracting jobs supporting Israeli industry in addition to unskilled labor jobs in Israel itself. Notably, the Israeli government barred Palestinians of Gaza from taking white-collar roles in public services (with the exception of services such as street cleaning). In 1992, 70% of Gaza's labor force worked in Israel, 90% of Gaza's imports came through Israel, and 80% of its exports went through Israel.

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as one-third of the Strip was appropriated by Israel, competition for scarce water resources stiffened, and the lucrative cultivation of citrus declined with the advent of Israeli policies, such as prohibitions on planting new trees and taxation that gave breaks to Israeli producers, factors which militated against growth. Gaza's direct exports of these products to Western markets, as opposed to Arab markets, was prohibited except through Israeli marketing vehicles, in order to assist Israeli citrus exports to the same markets. The overall result was that large numbers of farmers were forced out of the agricultural sector. Israel placed quotas on all goods exported from Gaza, while abolishing restrictions on the flow of Israeli goods into the Strip.

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government". Similarly, according to the Hague Convention, "territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army". In 2015, The European Court of Human Rights concluded that occupation required "the presence of foreign troops, which are in a position to exercise effective control without the consent of the sovereign." The court added in the context of current occupation that "according to widespread expert opinion, physical presence of foreign troops is a sine qua non requirement of occupation, that is, occupation is not conceivable without “boots on the ground”, therefore forces exercising naval or air control through a naval or air blockade do not suffice."

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still occupied, the effective control test at the core of the law of occupation is no longer met and hence Gaza is no longer occupied." She disagrees that Israel cannot therefore be held responsible for the situation in Gaza because: "Nonetheless, Israel continues to exercise an important level of control over the Gaza Strip and its population, making it difficult to accept that it would no longer have any obligations with regard to the Strip. ... the absence of occupation does not mean the absence of accountability. This responsibility is however not founded on the law of occupation but on general international humanitarian law, potentially complemented by international human rights law".

10517:. FAQ on the official Hamas website. Accessed November 2015. "This is one of the myths perpetuated by Israel's propaganda ... Israel re-deployed its military occupation forces and evacuated its illegal settlers outside the population centers in Gaza. BUT Israel effectively controls the sea, land and air spaces and border crossings that link the Gaza Strip to the outside world. According to the UN and human rights organizations, Israel still maintains its occupation of the Gaza Strip and subjects the 1.8 million Palestinians in this tiny strip to a horrendous siege and blockade that constitute a war crime under international law." Here, Hamas cites the view of the international community. 3564: 1308: 10238:

missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry.

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199: 2868:, which can launch precise missiles. They are equipped with high-resolution cameras and other sensors. The missile fired from a drone has its own cameras that allow the operator to observe the target from the moment of firing. After a missile has been launched, the drone operator can remotely divert it elsewhere. Drone operators can view objects on the ground in detail during both day and night. Israeli drones routinely patrol over Gaza, and engage in missile strikes which reportedly kill more civilians than militants; the drones also produce a buzzing noise audible from the ground which Palestinians in Gaza refer to as 6676:"The al-Aqsa Intifada ushered in an era with a new brand of violence.1 It began with a popular uprising following Ariel Sharon's visit to Temple Mount on September 28, 2000. But unlike the first Intifada, which was basically a civil uprising against the symbols of an occupation that has lasted since June 1967, the second Intifada very quickly lapsed into an armed struggle between Palestinian activists and the Israeli armed forces. Almost from the very start, armed men took to hiding among crowds of Palestinians, using them as cover to shoot from. The IDF retaliated forcefully, each time causing several casualties." 3212: 1231: 1282:. Among other things, the treaty provided for the withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War. The Egyptians agreed to keep the Sinai Peninsula demilitarized. The final status of the Gaza Strip, and other relations between Israel and Palestinians, was not dealt with in the treaty. Egypt renounced all territorial claims to territory north of the international border. The Gaza Strip remained under Israeli military administration. The Israeli military became responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services. 1735: 2365: 1875: 3681:(WHO) expressed its concerns about the consequences of the Palestinian internal political fragmentation; the socioeconomic decline; military actions; and the physical, psychological and economic isolation on the health of the population in Gaza. In a 2012 study of the occupied territories, the WHO reported that roughly 50% of the young children and infants under two years old and 39.1% of pregnant women receiving antenatal services care in Gaza suffer from iron-deficiency anemia. The organization also observed chronic malnutrition in children under five "is not improving and may be deteriorating." 19348: 1440: 3404: 2540:

direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza: it controls Gaza's air and maritime space, as well as six of Gaza's seven land crossings. It reserves the right to enter Gaza at will with its military and maintains a no-go buffer zone within the Gaza territory. Gaza is dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications, and other utilities. The extensive Israeli buffer zone within the Strip renders much land off-limits to Gaza's inhabitants. The system of control imposed by Israel was described in the fall 2012 edition of

2696: 2523: 1782: 19552: 3042: 18965: 4860:. 'Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief 3615: 4864:, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).' 1075: 819: 1200: 2987: 577: 3526:-like steps" Hamas has taken: "The Islamization that has been forced upon the Gaza Strip—the suppression of social, cultural, and press freedoms that do not suit Hamas's view—is an egregious deed that must be opposed. It is the reenactment, under a religious guise, of the experience of totalitarian regimes and dictatorships." Hamas officials denied having any plans to impose Islamic law. One legislator stated that "hat you are seeing are incidents, not policy" and that "we believe in persuasion". 3715: 54: 2018: 179: 2289: 1925: 161: 10235:

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longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will.

1657: 1556: 793: 19138: 18333: 17634: 19528: 2843: 14337: 17841: 1146: 19150: 18343: 15831: 806: 3820: 189: 9646:(pa) in the West Bank. In response Israel and Egypt imposed a suffocating blockade on the coastal strip in 2007, strangling its economy and in effect confining its people in an open-air prison. There have been no elections since. Hamas has run Gaza as an oppressive one-party state, leaving some Palestinians there disenchanted with its leadership. Nevertheless, Palestinians widely consider it more competent than the ailing, corrupt pa. 3242: 3873: 2085: 14333: 3158: 3372: 2857:, Israel has exclusive control over the airspace. Contrarily to the Oslo Accords, however, Israel interferes with Gaza's radio and TV transmissions, and Israel prevents the Palestinians from operating a seaport or airport. The Accords permitted Palestinians to construct an airport, which was duly built and opened in 1998. Israel destroyed Gaza's only airport in 2001 and again in 2002, during the 2077: 1921:, argued that the march indicated a new trend in Palestinian society and Hamas, with a shift away from violence towards non-violent forms of protest. Nevertheless, groups consisting mainly of young men approached the fence and committed acts of violence directed towards the Israeli border. Israeli officials said the demonstrations were used by Hamas as cover for launching attacks against Israel. 1613: 1726:, on the Gaza–Egypt border for fear of being kidnapped or harmed. Arab foreign ministers and Palestinian officials presented a united front against control of the border by Hamas. Meanwhile, Israeli and Egyptian security reports said that Hamas continued smuggling in large quantities of explosives and arms from Egypt through tunnels. Egyptian security forces uncovered 60 tunnels in 2007. 737:. The current blockade prevents people and goods from freely entering or leaving the territory, leading to Gaza often being called an "open-air prison". The UN, as well as at least 19 human-rights organizations, have urged Israel to lift the blockade. Israel has justified its blockade on the strip with wanting to stop flow of arms, but Palestinians and rights groups say it amounts to 19540: 3395:, this places Gaza 34th of 224 regions. This leads to the Gaza Strip having an unusually high proportion of children in the population, with 43.5% of the population being 14 or younger and a median age in 2014 of 18, compared to a world average of 28, and 30 in Israel. The only countries with a lower median age are countries in Africa such as Uganda where it was 15. 3576: 1975:, Gaza had 48% unemployment and half of the population lived in poverty. During the crisis, 66 children died (551 children in the previous conflict). On 13 June 2021, a high level World Bank delegation visited Gaza to witness the damage. Mobilization with UN and EU partners is ongoing to finalize a needs assessment in support of Gaza's reconstruction and recovery. 2225:), with warm winters during which practically all the annual rainfall occurs, and dry, hot summers. Despite the dryness, humidity is high throughout the year. Annual rainfall is higher than in any part of Egypt at between 225 mm (9 in) in the south and 400 mm (16 in) in the north, but almost all of this falls between November and February. 11888:. Jack Khoury, Haaretz, 1 December 2014 (premium). ″Abbas believed the destruction of the tunnels was the best solution. The Palestinian president said he had recommended previously the sealing or destruction of the tunnels by flooding them and then punishing the owners of the homes that contained entrances to the tunnels, including demolishing their homes.″ 12789:,’ Huffington Post, 25 May 2011:'Calling Hamas the 'aggressor' is undignified. The Gaza strip is little more than a large Israeli concentration camp, in which Palestinians are attacked at will, starved of food, fuel, energy—even deprived of hospital supplies. They cannot come and go freely, and have to build tunnels to smuggle in the necessities of life.' 16659: 15984: 3223:, described Israeli policy in the occupied territories as motivated primarily by the notion that Palestinian claims to economic and political rights are illegitimate. He wrote that the economic policies stifle Palestinian economic development with the primary goal of prohibiting the establishment of a Palestinian state. 3021:, the blockade resulted in a loss of over $ 17 million in exports in 2006 from 2005 (roughly 3% of all Palestinian exports). After Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak resigned on 28 May 2011, Egypt permanently opened its border with Gaza to students, medical patients, and foreign passport holders. Following the 1493:; the visit itself was peaceful, but, as anticipated, sparked protests and riots that Israeli police put down with rubber bullets and tear gas. The Second Intifada also marked the beginning of rocket attacks and bombings of Israeli border localities by Palestinian guerrillas from the Gaza Strip, especially by the 10305:

While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, it remained in control of all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade

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Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted

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Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group

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The result was the continuous transfer of local resources out of Gaza's economy and the increased vulnerability of the economy to external conditions such as Israeli market needs, but most vividly seen by the impacts of the current Israeli blockade and Israel's destructive military campaigns in Gaza.

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describes Israeli policies in Gaza as policies of "de-development," which are specifically designed to destroy an economy and ensure that there can be no economic base to support local, independent development and growth. Roy explains that the framework for Israeli policy established between 1967 and

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Access to essential needs, such as water, is limited, with only 10–25% of households having access to running water on a daily basis, typically for only a few hours a day. Out of "dire necessity", 75–90% of the population relies on unsafe water from unregulated vendors. Accordingly, 26% of disease in

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was estimated at US$ 3,100 in 2009, a position of 164th in the world. A UN report in 2022 estimated Gaza Strip's unemployment rate to be 45% and 65% of the population under poverty, living standards went down by 27% compared to 2006 and 80% of the population depends on international aid for survival.

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as a turning point in Israeli policy, where previously Israel sought to control and dominate the economy of the Strip to serve its own interests, current policies seek to disable the economy, with the political goal of reducing the demands of the population for national, political and economic rights

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While the import of food is restricted through the Gaza blockade, the Israeli military destroys agricultural crops by spraying toxic chemicals over the Gazan lands, using aircraft flying over the border zone. According to the IDF, the spraying is intended "to prevent the concealment of IED's , and to

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Hamas and other militant groups continued to fire Qassam rockets across the border into Israel. According to Israel, between the Hamas takeover and the end of January 2008, 697 rockets and 822 mortar bombs were fired at Israeli towns. In response, Israel targeted Qassam launchers and military targets

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Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no

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Suicide terror, lethal attacks indiscriminately carried out against civilians via self-immolation, attained prominence in the Palestinian repertoire beginning in March 2001. From that point until the end of 2005, at which point they virtually ceased, 57 suicide bombings were carried out, causing 491

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Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a State nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no

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members to warn citizens of the "dangers of immodest dress, card playing and dating". However, there are no government laws imposing dress and other moral standards, and the Hamas education ministry reversed one effort to impose Islamic dress on students. There has also been successful resistance to

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Policies of the Israeli military authorities in Gaza also restricted and undermined institutions that could support and plan for productive investment and economic development. Permission was required, for example, for the development of any new programs and for personnel change. Permission was also

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described the Gaza economy in 2013 as follows: "Since Hamas took control of Gaza in 2007 and following the closure imposed by Israel, the situation in the Strip has been one of chronic need, de-development and donor dependency, despite a temporary relaxation on restrictions in movement of people and

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with some aspects of sovereignty, writing that "a proto-state already exists in the Gaza Strip, with objective attributes of sovereignty the Ramallah-based Mahmoud Abbas can only dream about. Gaza is a single, contiguous territory with de facto borders, recognised, if not always respected, by friend

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ruled that the Gaza Strip was not occupied by Israel in a decision on a petition against Israeli restrictions against the Gaza Strip which argued that it remained occupied. The Supreme Court ruled that Israel has not exercised effective control over the Gaza Strip since 2005, and accordingly, it was

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Despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and the majority of governments and legal commentators consider the territory to be still occupied by Israel, supported by additional restrictions placed on Gaza by Egypt. Israel maintains

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The Israeli government uses economic means to pressure Hamas. Among other things, it caused Israeli commercial enterprises like banks and fuel companies to stop doing business with the Gaza Strip. The role of private corporations in the relationship between Israel and the Gaza Strip is an issue that

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blamed the conflict between Hamas and Fatah on Israel, stating that the constant pressure of economic sanctions resulted in the "real explosion." From 2006 to 2007 more than 600 Palestinians were killed in fighting between Hamas and Fatah. 349 Palestinians were killed in fighting between factions in

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In May 1994, following the Palestinian-Israeli agreements known as the Oslo Accords, a phased transfer of governmental authority to the Palestinians took place. Much of the Strip came under Palestinian control, except for the settlement blocs and military areas. The Israeli forces left Gaza City and

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of the Gaza Strip after an Israeli army truck collided with a civilian car, killing four Palestinian workers. Palestinians charged that the collision was a deliberate response for the killing of an Israeli in Gaza days earlier. Israel denied that the crash, which came at time of heightened tensions,

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Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy

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Princeton University Press, 2013 p.41:'Hamas's democratic victory, however, was short-lived . .followed as it was in June 2006 by an Israeli and US-led international political and economic boycott of the new Palestinian government. The boycott amounted to a form of collective punishment against the

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April, 2008. 'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America's behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign

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During the course of the Israeli occupation, Gaza's economy has gone from a state of under-development with a deep dependency on Israel and strong ties to the West Bank, to a now isolated economy, deprived of the capacity to produce and innovate and subject to the damage of ongoing Israeli military

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Israel restricts movement of Palestinian residents between the West Bank and Gaza. Israel has implemented a policy of allowing Palestinian movement from the West Bank to Gaza, but making it quite difficult for Gaza residents to move to the West Bank. Israel typically refuses to allow Gaza residents

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and held Israel responsible as the occupying power, and to a lesser degree Egypt, which has restricted movement of Palestinians through its border. The report highlighted how this blockade has led to humanitarian crises, namely shortages of essential supplies, limited access to healthcare, and high

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In a legal analysis Hanne Cuyckens agrees with the Israeli position that Gaza is no longer occupied: "Gaza is not technically occupied, given that there is no longer any effective control in the sense of Article 42 of the Hague Regulations. ... Even though the majority argues that the Gaza Strip is

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from 1967 to 1982 averaged roughly 9.7 percent per annum, due in good part to expanded income from work opportunities inside Israel, which had a major utility for the latter by supplying the country with a large unskilled and semi-skilled workforce. Gaza's agricultural sector was adversely affected

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In 2006, a year after Israel withdrew from Gaza, Hamas won a majority of seats in a Palestinian election and later formed a new unity government with Fatah, its nationalist rival. In June 2007, after a brief civil war, it assumed sole control of Gaza, leaving Fatah to run the Palestinian Authority

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and Egypt enforce the blockade, which limits many aspects of life in Gaza. According to Human Rights Watch, it particularly limits the movement of people and commerce, with exports being most affected. The improvement and rebuilding of infrastructure is also negatively impacted by these sanctions.

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The Community College of Applied Science and Technology (CCAST) was established in 1998 in Gaza City. In 2003, the college moved into its new campus and established the Gaza Polytechnic Institute (GPI) in 2006 in southern Gaza. In 2007, the college received accreditation to award BA degrees as the

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Israeli efforts to expand employment within Gaza were largely through relief works, which, as a purely income-generating project, does not contribute to development. The Israeli military government's expenditure on industry in the Gaza Strip between 1984 and 1986 was 0.3% of the total budget, with

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Israel says the buffer zone is needed to protect Israeli communities just over the border from sniper fire and rocket attacks. In the 18 months until November 2010, one Thai farm worker in Israel was killed by a rocket fired from Gaza. In 2010, according to IDF figures, 180 rockets and mortars had

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The Norwegian Refugee Council report issued in 2018 called the territory "the world's largest open-air prison", highlighting in it several figures, including lack of access to clean water, to reliable electrical supply, to health care, food and employment opportunities. It lamented the fact that a

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argues that the Gaza Strip is not occupied as the Israeli blockade does not constitute effective control, citing several international legal precedents that the occupier must be in direct control with forces on the ground and have direct control over the civilian population superior to that of the

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Between 1967 and 1968, Israel evicted approximately 75,000 residents of the Gaza Strip who Golda Meir described as a "fifth column". In addition, at least 25,000 Gazan residents were prevented from returning after the 1967 war. Ultimately, the Strip lost 25% (a conservative estimate) of its prewar

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The term invasion implies a military operation while an occupation indicates the exercise of governmental authority to the exclusion of the established government. This presupposes the destruction of organized resistance and the establishment of an administration to preserve law and order. To the

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in 2005, the United Nations, international human rights organizations and many legal scholars regard the Gaza Strip to still be under military occupation by Israel, as Israel still maintains direct control over Gaza's air and maritime space, all of Gaza's seven land crossings, a no-go buffer zone

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In 2010, approximately 1.6 million people lived in the Gaza Strip, almost 1.0 million of them were UN-registered refugees. The majority descend from refugees who were driven from or left their homes during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The Strip's population has continued to increase since

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Israeli economic policies in Gaza tied long-term development directly to conditions and interests in Israel rather than to productive domestic structural reform and development. With reduced access to its own resources (largely deprived of them as a result of Israel policies), Gaza's economy grew

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In 2009/2010, Israel expanded the buffer zone to 300 meters. The Israeli military stated that this buffer zone extended to 300 meters from the security fence, although UN bodies and other organizations operating in the region reported that the area extended at least a kilometer from the security

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ordered his troops to allow the Palestinians in but to verify that they did not bring weapons back across the border. Egypt arrested and later released several armed Hamas militants in the Sinai who presumably wanted to infiltrate into Israel. At the same time, Israel increased its state of alert

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Fighting spread in the Gaza Strip, with both factions attacking vehicles and facilities of the other side. Following a breakdown in an Egyptian-brokered truce, Israel launched an air strike which destroyed a building used by Hamas. Ongoing violence prompted fear that it could bring the end of the

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Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza "The continued Israeli de facto or, as it was sometimes called, "indirect occupation" of Gaza was so repressive that it was common for Israeli journalists, academicians, human rights organizations, and even former high government

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A total of 1,100–1,400 Palestinians (295–926 civilians) and 13 Israelis were killed in the 22-day war. The conflict damaged or destroyed tens of thousands of homes, 15 of Gaza's 27 hospitals and 43 of its 110 primary health care facilities, 800 water wells, 186 greenhouses, and nearly all of its

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used for cargo, closed down in 2011. Israel controls the Gaza Strip's northern borders, as well as its territorial waters and airspace. Egypt controls Gaza Strip's southern border, under an agreement between it and Israel. Neither Israel or Egypt permits free travel from Gaza as both borders are

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The Gaza Strip has been home to a significant branch of the contemporary Palestinian art movement since the mid-20th century. Notable artists include painters Ismail Ashour, Shafiq Redwan, Bashir Senwar, Majed Shalla, Fayez Sersawi, Abdul Rahman al Muzayan and Ismail Shammout, and media artists

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column that "Gaza is a state in every respect, at least as social scientists understand the term. It has a central government with an army that's subordinate to it and that protects a population living in a defined territory. Nevertheless, Gaza is a castrated state. Israel and Egypt control its

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held on 25 January 2006, Hamas won a plurality of 42.9% of the total vote and 74 out of 132 total seats (56%). When Hamas assumed power the next month, Israel, the United States, the EU, Russia and the UN demanded that Hamas accept all previous agreements, recognize Israel's right to exist, and

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18 July 2014. Lawrence Weschler:'I'm tired, for example, of hearing about how vital and cosmopolitan and democratic are the streets and cafes and nightclubs of Tel Aviv. For the fact is that one simply can't sustain such cosmopolitan vitality 40 miles from a prison camp containing close to two

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Palestine had a reported 97% literacy rate (96% for females, 99% for males) in 2019 and youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) of 88% in 2020 (94% for females, 82% for males). According to UNRWA figures, there are 640 schools in Gaza: 383 government schools, 221 UNRWA schools and 36 private schools,

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10,000 family farms; leaving 50,000 homeless, 400,000–500,000 without running water, one million without electricity, and resulting in acute food shortages. The people of Gaza still suffer from the loss of these facilities and homes, especially since they have great challenges to rebuild them.

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After the dissolution of the All-Palestine Government in 1959, under the excuse of pan-Arabism, Egypt continued to occupy Gaza until 1967. Egypt never annexed the Strip, but instead treated it as a controlled territory and administered it through a military governor. The influx of over 200,000

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Military occupation is considered to exist in a territory, or part of a territory, if the following elements can be demonstrated: the presence of foreign troops, which are in a position to exercise effective control without the consent of the sovereign. According to widespread expert opinion,

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It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a

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Based on the assumption that there was no longer one front or one line of contact, Israel was carrying out dozens of simultaneous operations on the ground and in the air on a daily basis, including TKs, which were supposed to have multi-dimensional effects. According to Byman, TKs were mostly

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After Hamas's June 2007 takeover, it ousted Fatah-linked officials from positions of power and authority (such as government positions, security services, universities, newspapers, etc.) and strove to enforce law by progressively removing guns from the hands of peripheral militias, clans, and

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fighters launched a series of air strikes against targets in Gaza following the breakdown of a temporary truce between Israel and Hamas. Israel began a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip on 3 January 2009. Various sites that Israel claimed were being used as weapons depots were struck from the

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implemented what became known as a 'five finger' strategy, which consisted in creating military areas and settlements by breaking the Strip into five zones to better enable Israeli uccupation, settlement and, by discontinuous fragmentation of the Palestinian zones created, allow an efficient

4320: 2682:

Israel's claim that the exercise of effective control or authority determines occupation in international law is based on previous court rulings. At the Nuremberg trials, it was established that "occupation indicates the exercise of governmental authority to the exclusion of the established

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executive, legislative, and judicial bodies. The Hamas government of 2012 was the second Palestinian Hamas-dominated government, ruling over the Gaza Strip, since the split of the Palestinian National Authority in 2007. It was announced in early September 2012. The reshuffle of the previous

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proffered regarding Gaza was that the people might leave if Israel restricted their access to water supplies. A number of measures, including financial incentives, were taken shortly afterwards to begin to encourage Gazans to emigrate elsewhere. Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, "various

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by flooding them, and then punishing the owners of the houses that contained entrances to the tunnels, including demolishing their houses, arguing that the tunnels had produced 1,800 millionaires, and were used for smuggling weapons, drugs, cash, and equipment for forging documents.

5256: 8538:"Masses of Palestinians are expected to come to the Gaza border on Friday and move into tents there for a planned six-week-long protest 'to demand the right of return to the homes and villages that they were expelled from in 1948'", Ahmad Abu Ratima, an organizer of the protest, told 6721:

attractive to Israelis as they satisfied domestic demands for a forceful response to Palestinian terrorism. Byman also believes that by bolstering public morale, the TKs helped counter one of the terrorists' primary objectives – to reduce the faith of Israelis in their own government.

3944:. It was forced to close after Israel deconstruction in October 2000. Its radar station and control tower were destroyed by Israel Defense Forces aircraft in 2001 during the al-Aqsa Intifada. Bulldozers razed the runway in January 2002. The only remaining runway in the Strip, at the 3594:

In June 2011, some Gazans, upset that UNRWA did not rebuild their homes that were lost in the Second Intifada, blocked UNRWA from performing its services and shut down UNRWA's summer camps. Gaza residents closed UNRWA's emergency department, social services office and ration stores.

2793:, has argued that after the disengagement and Hamas takeover, the Gaza Strip became a de facto state for all intents and purposes, writing that "It has clear borders, an effective government, an independent foreign policy and an army. These are the exact characteristics of a state." 12653:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: "Palestine today is an open-air prison. Hamas, as much as they tried, could not change the situation. Just imagine, you imprison the speaker of a country as well as some ministers of its government and members of its parliament. And then you expect them to sit

4444:(Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human rights organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied. 2997:

Facing mounting international pressure, Egypt lessened the restrictions starting in June 2010, when the Rafah border crossing from Egypt to Gaza was partially opened by Egypt. Egypt's foreign ministry said that the crossing would remain open mainly for people, but not for supplies.

10306:(Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied. 5101:(Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied. 1947:

found that of the 489 cases of Palestinian deaths or injuries analyzed, only two were possibly justified as responses to danger by Israeli security forces. The commission deemed the rest of the cases illegal, and concluded with a recommendation calling on Israel to examine whether

4238:

Before 2023, Gaza City was the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the State of Palestine as a whole. Following attacks by Israel, a large amount of refugees from Gaza City and elsewhere in the Strip evacuated into the border city of Rafah, effectively making it the most populous

1627:. The deadliest clashes occurred in the northern Gaza Strip. On 30 January 2007, a truce was negotiated between Fatah and Hamas. After a few days, new fighting broke out. On 1 February, Hamas killed 6 people in an ambush on a Gaza convoy which delivered equipment for Abbas' 2925:

been fired into Israel by militants. In 6 months, 11 Palestinians civilians, including four children, had been killed by Israeli fire and at least 70 Palestinian civilians were injured in the same period, including at least 49 who were working collecting rubble and scrap metal.

6784:

civilian deaths, 73% of the total civilians killed by Palestinian resistance organizations and 50% of all Israeli fatalities during this period. While not the modal coercive tactic, suicide terror was the most efficient in terms of lethality, our basic measure of its efficacy.

4776:

Oxford University Press 2013 p.150:'Palestinians under occupation in the West Bank and Gaza constitute a majority (demographically) with representation by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), a self-governing body run by Fatah in the West Bank, and by Hamas in the Gaza

2767:. The Israeli blockade on Gaza has restricted the freedom of movement of Gaza Palestinians to both the West Bank and the outside world; in particular, Palestinian professionals were most impacted by these restrictions, as applying for travel permit takes several weeks. 10022: 1161:

during, and in the aftermath of, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War into Gaza resulted in a dramatic decrease in the standard of living. Because the Egyptian government restricted movement to and from Gaza, its inhabitants could not look elsewhere for gainful employment.

3178:, limited land access, strict internal and external security controls, the effects of Israeli military operations, and restrictions on labor and trade access across the border. A 2015 UN report estimated that 72% of the population suffers from food insecurity. 1039:

of 24 February 1949 established the line of separation between Egyptian and Israeli forces, as well as the modern boundary between Gaza and Israel, which both signatories declared not to be an international border. The southern border with Egypt was unchanged.

3166:

attacks. Gaza's economy is characterized by high levels of unemployment and impoverishment, with over 75% of the population dependent on humanitarian aid. Political economist Sara Roy, the leading authority on the economy of the Gaza Strip, describes the 2005

2916:

In August 2015, the IDF confirmed a buffer zone of 300 meters for residents and 100 meters for farmers, but without explaining how to distinguish between the two. As of 2015, on a third of Gaza's agricultural land, residents risk Israeli attacks. According to

6489:

Lustick, Ian S. (1993). Brynen, Rex; Hiltermann, Joost R.; Hudson, Michael C.; Hunter, F. Robert; Lockman, Zachary; Beinin, Joel; McDowall, David; Nassar, Jamal R.; Heacock, Roger (eds.). "Writing the Intifada: Collective Action in the Occupied Territories".

9716:

The joint Hamas-Fatah government did not last long. Within months the two sides were fighting again, eventually leading to a political split of the occupied territory, with Fatah controlling the West Bank and Hamas establishing a virtual one-party state in

10576: 10319:

Hilmi S.Salem, 'Social, Environmental and Security Impacts of Climate Change on the Eastern Mediterranean,' in Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Béchir Chourou, Pál Dunay, Joern Birkmann (eds.),

2813:, a former Israeli diplomat who served as Foreign Minister and Defense Minister, likewise wrote that Gaza is a state as "it has a government, an army, a police force and courts that dispense justice of sorts." In November 2018, Israeli Justice Minister 1717:

and Egypt supported reconciliation and a new unity government and pressed Abbas to start talks with Hamas. Abbas had always conditioned this on Hamas returning control of the Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority. After the takeover, Israel and Egypt

1631:. Fatah fighters stormed a Hamas-affiliated university in the Gaza Strip. Officers from Abbas' presidential guard battled Hamas gunmen guarding the Hamas-led Interior Ministry. In May 2007, new fighting broke out between the factions. Interior Minister 10601: 1762:

intensified, with rockets launched at Israeli cities. Aggression by Hamas led to Israeli military action on 1 March 2008, resulting in over 110 Palestinians being killed according to BBC News, as well as 2 Israeli soldiers. Israeli human rights group

1690:. Shortly after, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip in the course of the Battle of Gaza (June 2007), seizing government institutions and replacing Fatah and other government officials with its own. By 14 June, Hamas fully controlled the Gaza Strip. 4328: 1051:

were occupied by Israeli troops, who withdrew under international pressure. The All-Palestine government was accused of being little more than a façade for Egyptian control, with negligible independent funding or influence. It subsequently moved to

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physical presence of foreign troops is a sine qua non requirement of occupation, that is, occupation is not conceivable without "boots on the ground", therefore forces exercising naval or air control through a naval or air blockade do not suffice.

5252: 6770: 2955:

Israel and Egypt maintain a blockade of the Gaza Strip in response to security concerns, such as the smuggling of weapons into Gaza. Israel has also stated that the blockade serves as "economic warfare". The Israeli human rights organization

10550: 6894:(2), 163. "The period of the second Intifada significantly differs from other historical periods in Israeli history, because it has been characterized by intensive and numerous suicide attacks that have made civilian life into a battlefront." 2960:

reports that the blockade undermines basic living conditions and human rights in Gaza. The Red Cross has reported that the blockade harms the economy and causes a shortage of basic medicines and equipment such as painkillers and x-ray film.

11063: 942:, the British deferred the governance of the Gaza Strip area to Egypt, which declined the responsibility. Britain itself kept and ruled the territory it occupied in 1917–18, from 1920 until 1948 under the internationally accepted frame of " 3630:

is one of the lowest in the world, at 0.315% per year. The infant mortality rate is ranked 105th highest out of 224 countries and territories, at 16.55 deaths per 1,000 births. The Gaza Strip places 24th out of 135 countries according to

3684:

According to Palestinian leaders in the Gaza Strip, the majority of medical aid delivered are "past their expiration date." Mounir el-Barash, the director of donations in Gaza's health department, claims 30% of aid sent to Gaza is used.

12680:"How could members, who wanted to get a balanced understanding of the issues facing Israel, Palestine and the Middle East, go to the other side of the planet and fail to visit Gaza, the world's largest outdoor prison?" Shoebridge asked. 9890: 3187:

Gaza is water related and a 48% prevalence of nitrate poisoning in children. The water shortage in Gaza is a result of Israeli policies and control of aquifers, withholding from Gaza enough water to meet Gaza's needs many times over.

1963:'reasonable grounds' to believe Israeli soldiers may have committed war crimes and shot at journalists, health workers and children during protests in Gaza in 2018." Israel refused to take part in the inquiry and rejected the report. 16988: 16019: 10269:

over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.

5064:

4407:

3337:, which also supplies Israel. Most of water comes from groundwater wells (90% in 2021). Its quality is low and most of it is unfit for human consumption. The remainder is produced by water desalination plants or bought from Israel's 2908:

On 25 February 2013, pursuant to a November 2012 ceasefire, Israel declared a buffer zone of 100 meters on land and 6 nautical miles offshore. In the following month, the zone was changed to 300 meters and 3 nautical miles. The 1994

12893:

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Report on UNCTAD Assistance to the Palestinian People: Developments in the Economy of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Geneva: UNCTAD, September 2015), p. 8, online at

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movement began to appear about 2005 in Gaza, characterized by "a strict lifestyle based on that of the earliest followers of Islam". As of 2015, there are estimated to be only "hundreds or perhaps a few thousand" Salafists in Gaza.

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on the Gaza population, leading to international condemnation. Despite multiple reports from within the Strip that food and other essentials were in short supply, Israel said that Gaza had enough food and energy supplies for weeks.

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15 May 2018.’ Most Gazans are Palestinian refugees or their descendants, and marching on the fence highlights their desire to reclaim the lands and homes from which they were displaced 70 years ago in the war surrounding Israel's

3005:

after which food shortages decreased. The World Bank reported in 2012 that access to Gaza remained highly restricted and exports to the West Bank and Israel from Gaza are prohibited. This ban on exports was not lifted until 2014.

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In 2010, Al Zahara, a private school in central Gaza introduced a special program for mental development based on math computations. The program was created in Malaysia in 1993, according to the school principal, Majed al-Bari.

17012: 8656: 3057:. In 2015, a Gazan woman was not allowed to travel through Israel to Jordan on her way to her own wedding. The Israeli authorities found she did not meet the criteria for travel, namely only in exceptional humanitarian cases. 12163:

World Bank, Fiscal Crisis, Economic Prospects: The Imperative of Economic Cohesion in the Palestinian Territories—Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (New York: 23 September 2012), pp. 11-12, online at

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also argues that Israel is probably not an occupying power in Gaza under international law, writing that "it is difficult to continue and regard Israel as the occupying power in Gaza under the traditional law of occupation".

1857: 6849:(3), 39–48. "As part of the violence perpetrated by the Palestinians during the second intifada, suicide bombings played a particularly prominent role and served as the primary effective weapon in the hands of the planners." 5212:

13 April 2013.'Locals call it "the world's biggest prison", and it's not difficult to understand why...Mr Jnead's children, and their prospects in what is often referred to as the world's largest open prison, is top of his

3013:(UNOCHA) assessed measures taken to ease the blockade and concluded that they were helpful but not sufficient to improve the lives of the local inhabitants. UNOCHA called on Israel to reduce restrictions on exports and the 1609:, although some aid money was redirected to humanitarian organizations not affiliated with the government. The resulting political disorder and economic stagnation led to many Palestinians emigrating from the Gaza Strip. 5202: 3518:

According to Human Rights Watch, the Hamas-controlled government stepped up its efforts to "Islamize" Gaza in 2010, efforts it says included the "repression of civil society" and "severe violations of personal freedom."

2498:

and declared the Gaza Strip a hostile entity. In January 2008, Israel curtailed travel from Gaza, the entry of goods, and cut fuel supplies, resulting in power shortages. This brought charges that Israel was inflicting

8682: 8457:"The protests are an uprising for "Jerusalem, Palestine, and the right of return", he said, referring to the demand that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to their former homes in Israel." 8417: 5346: 13030:

Moshe Semyonov and Noah Lewin-Epstein, Hewers of Wood And Drawers of Water: Noncitizen Arabs in the Israeli Labor Market (New York: New York School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, 1987), pp.

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disrupt and prevent the use of the area for destructive purposes." Gaza's agricultural research and development station was destroyed in 2014 and again in January 2016, while import of new equipment is obstructed.

2935:

were destroyed for the buffer zone. According to Amnesty International, more than 800 homes were destroyed and more than 1,000 families evicted. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas agreed with the destruction of

3735:(who lives in London). An emerging generation of artists is also active in nonprofit art organizations such as Windows From Gaza and Eltiqa Group, which regularly host exhibitions and events open to the public. 6137:

Fatina Abreek-Zubeidat, Alona Nitzan–Shiftan,'"De-Camping" through Development: The Palestinianj refugee Camps in the Gaza Strip under the Israeli Occupation,’ in Claudio Minca, Diana Martin, Irit Katz (eds.),

3502:

head-cover. In the course of this campaign, women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed by Hamas activists, leading to hijabs being worn "just to avoid problems on the streets".

15026: 10597: 1527:

Between December 2000 and June 2001, the barrier between Gaza and Israel was reconstructed. A barrier on the Gaza Strip-Egypt border was constructed starting in 2004. The main crossing points are the northern

10678:

Art. 42. Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army. The occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and can be

2889:, an undefined buffer zone was maintained, including a no-fishing zone along the coast. The ultimate effect of the enforcement of the no-fishing zone was that the fishing industry in Gaza "virtually ceased." 15974: 8765: 2763:

levels of poverty and unemployment among the Palestinian population in Gaza. It claimed that Israel has formed a formal policy of separation between Gaza and the West Bank, despite both forming parts of the

9919: 3662:. Insecurity in obtaining sufficient food as of 2016 affects roughly 70% of Gaza households, as the number of people requiring assistance from UN agencies has risen from 72,000 in 2000, to 800,000 in 2014. 3199:

in 2010. The closure has effectively cut off access for exports to traditional markets in Israel, transfers to the West Bank and has severely restricted imports. Exports are now down to 2% of 2007 levels."

2041:

declaring, "There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly." Gallant changed his position after pressure from US President

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borders. The Palestinian Authority pays for the salaries of some of its civil servants. And the army doesn't have a monopoly on armed force, because there are independent militias operating alongside it."

12926: 1712:

In late June 2008, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan declared the West Bank-based cabinet formed by Abbas as "the sole legitimate Palestinian government". Egypt moved its embassy from Gaza to the West Bank.

18379: 3635:. According to the World Health Organization, in 2022 the average life expectancy for males was 72.5 years and 75 years for females, about the same as Egypt, Lebanon or Jordan, but lower than in Israel. 1524:. With a combined casualty figure for combatants and civilians, the violence is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of approximately 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreigners. 6252: 16983: 6877:(3), 63–70. "This article attempts to identify the end of the second intifada by focusing on the incidence of suicide bombings, arguably the most important element of second intifada-related violence." 4267: 1090:. The city of Khan Yunis resisted being captured, and Israel responded with a heavy bombing campaign that inflicted heavy civilian casualties. After a fierce battle, the Israeli 37th Armored Brigade's 11623: 9561: 6734: 2092:

The Gaza Strip is 41 km (25 mi) long, from 6 to 12 km (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, and has a total area of 365 km (141 sq mi). It has a 51 km (32 mi) border with

8911:"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Escalation in the Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #2 as of 18:00, 8 August 2022" 1196:) and 1987, official policy on economic development in the Gaza Strip remained the same as in 1969 with limited local investment and economic opportunity coming primarily from employment in Israel. 12876:"‘Gaza is a One-Way Ticket’: How Israel's Relocation Policy is Separating Palestinian Communities--Israel Is Systemically Routing Palestinian Movement in One Direction — from the West Bank to Gaza" 12188: 11055: 6830:

In the early years of the 21st century, Israel, the West Bank and Gaza became the region of the world with the highest frequency of - and the highest per capita death toll due to - suicide bombing.

1606: 17024: 17000: 8484:"They are objecting to Israel's 11-year-old blockade of Gaza and seeking to revive international interest in Palestinian claims of a right of return to the lands they were displaced from in 1948." 4878: 17007: 12108: 9303: 5129:

entire Palestinian population and, to my knowledge, was the first time in the history of the conflict that the international community imposed sanctions on the occupied rather than the occupier.'

2625: 10026: 9469: 2033:

southwest Israel, targeting Israeli communities and military bases, killing at least 1,300 people and taking at least 236 hostages. On 9 October 2023, Israel declared war on Hamas and imposed a

1801:, and which intensified during the few weeks preceding the operation. Israel advised people near military targets to leave before the attacks. Israeli defense sources said that Defense Minister 15464: 15056: 11093: 8524: 6903: 2490:, under Hamas rule, newspapers were closed down and journalists were harassed. Fatah demonstrations were forbidden or suppressed, as in the case of a large demonstration on the anniversary of 9894: 9334: 12361: 11003: 8888: 8625: 8341: 7351: 3966:

There are just a few land border crossings between the Strip on one side, and Israel and Egypt on the other, of which not all are open as of 2023. Land border crossings with Israel include:

16949: 15483: 11958: 10573: 8555: 11153: 10866: 16902: 16897: 10840: 9846: 9009: 3135:

has helped Gaza residents who had moved from the West Bank to Gaza return to the West Bank arguing that extremely pressing personal circumstances provide humanitarian grounds for relief.

1944: 1266:, which threatened to exclude the Negev from a future Jewish State. In total, between 1967 and 2005, Israel established 21 settlements in Gaza, comprising 20% of the total territory. The 17036: 14414:

Restored 5th-century Byzantine church reopens in Gaza: Mosaics depicting animals, hunting scenes, palm trees adorn floor; Hamas says project shows it's 'embracing its Christian brothers'

12531: 10808: 5169: 4566: 17019: 16682: 13997: 11561: 9272: 9036: 4289: 12038: 11774:. UN OCHA, July 2015. "1.8 million Palestinians in Gaza are 'locked in', denied free access to the remainder of the occupied Palestinian territory and the outside world." Available at 11213: 1043:

Palestinians living in Gaza or Egypt were issued All-Palestine passports. Egypt did not offer them citizenship. From the end of 1949, they received aid directly from UNRWA. During the

16995: 13706: 10665: 8648: 8442: 5534: 4942: 3010: 2968:

from the Gaza Strip on its cities and to prevent Hamas from obtaining other weapons, although the legality of the blockade has been challenged by multiple human rights organizations.

752:

The Gaza Strip is 41 kilometres (25 miles) long, from 6 to 12 km (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, and has a total area of 365 km (141 sq mi). With around 2 million

203: 12382: 5659: 5240:

Routledge 2013 pp71-91 p.73: "...Gaza Strip Barrier, a structure that has sealed Gaza's border with Israel and has led to Gaza's description as ″the world's largest open-air prison",

3203:

According to Sara Roy, one senior IDF officer told an UNWRA official in 2015 that Israel's policy towards Gaza consisted of: "No development, no prosperity, no humanitarian crisis."

16885: 12538:. Truthout, 9 November 2012. Noam Chomsky: 'And it hardly takes more than a day in Gaza to appreciate what it must be like to try to survive in the world's largest open-air prison,' 3060:

Under the long-term blockade, the Gaza Strip is often described as a "prison-camp or open air prison for its collective denizens". The comparison is done by observers, ranging from

730: 10484: 7226: 18372: 15599: 2656:) maintain that Israel's extensive direct external control over Gaza, and indirect control over the lives of its internal population mean that Gaza remained occupied. In spite of 10398: 8949: 8713: 5199: 2663:

Israel states that it does not exercise effective control or authority over any land or institutions in the Gaza Strip and thus the Gaza Strip is no longer subject to the former

7951: 4212: 13518: 9182: 4807:. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.' 3897:, also known as the Salah ad-Deen Highway, is the main highway of the Gaza Strip. It extends over 45 km (28 mi), spanning the entire length of the territory from the 14298: 8678: 8409: 7978: 7625: 7569: 7398: 7363: 4974: 4742: 2387:

In June 2013, the Islamic Jihad broke ties with Hamas leaders after Hamas police fatally shot the commander of Islamic Jihad's military wing. The third largest faction is the

9944: 9798: 4803:

contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and

2901:. A 2012 UN report estimated that 75,000 metric tons of potential produce were lost per year as a result of the buffer zone, amounting to US$ 50.2 million per year. The 1127:

Israel ended the occupation in March 1957, amid international pressure. During the four-month Israeli occupation, 900–1,231 people were killed. According to French historian

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within the territory, and the Palestinian population registry. While the majority argues that the Gaza Strip is still occupied, Israel and other legal scholars dispute this.

3654:

in late 2002 revealed very high levels of dietary deficiency among the Palestinian population. The study found that 17.5% of children aged 6–59 months suffered from chronic

578: 12592: 6936: 4662:. "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". 2674:

stated in January 2008: "Israel got out of Gaza. It dismantled its settlements there. No Israeli soldiers were left there after the disengagement." On 30 January 2008, the

11033: 8743: 5183: 4630: 772:

in the world. Gaza's unemployment rate is among the highest in the world, with an overall unemployment rate of 46% and a youth unemployment rate of 70%. Despite this, the

8858: 5151: 1520:. Palestinian suicide bombings were a prominent feature of the fighting and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the 18365: 17679: 15399: 11453: 8918: 3554: 1907: 13323: 12498: 12416: 12254: 3800:

club. The opening ceremony was held by the Islamic Society. The swimming team of as-Sadaka holds several gold and silver medals from Palestinian swimming competitions.

3049:

Because of the Israeli–Egyptian blockade, the population is not free to leave or enter the Gaza Strip. Only in exceptional cases are people allowed to pass through the

18694: 12211: 11857: 11123: 7868: 5176:. Truthout, 9 November 2012: 'And it hardly takes more than a day in Gaza to appreciate what it must be like to try to survive in the world's largest open-air prison,' 8000: 6168: 5439: 16748: 11767: 9122: 7257: 5797: 12403: 11589: 8757: 8497: 6446: 6408: 15206: 9909: 3230:

1973 would not change, even with the limited self-rule introduced by the Oslo Accords in the 1990s, but would grow dramatically more draconian in the early 2000s.

3123:, and Philip Mendes, such analogies are designed to offend Jews, while Philip Seib dismisses the comparison as absurd, and claims that it arises from sources like 629: 12667: 10889: 10148: 9995: 8599: 1012:'s influence over Palestine. The All-Palestine Protectorate was quickly recognized by six of the Arab League's then-seven members (excluding Transjordan): Egypt, 17031: 15527: 13772: 13746: 12916: 12782: 5161:

27 October 2014: 'One Israeli analyst has compared the proposed solution to transforming a third-world prison into a modern US super-max incarceration facility.'

1211:, moving the Palestinians out of the country had been a persistent element of Zionist thinking from early times. In December 1967, during a meeting at which the 11388: 8394: 8188: 15226: 10631: 9632: 8097: 6862: 6552: 6242: 1105:. Israeli troops started executing unarmed Palestinians, mostly civilians; in one instance men were lined up against walls in central square and executed with 13854: 12168: 8979: 5937: 4264: 3345:, international humanitarian law requires Israel, as the occupying power in Gaza, to ensure that the basic needs of the civilian population are provided for. 19439: 15604: 15512: 15279: 14097: 12610: 12018: 11612: 11355: 10347: 9557: 2964:

Israel describes the blockade as necessary to prevent the smuggling of weapons into Gaza. Israel maintains that the blockade is legal and necessary to limit

1998: 1411: 1393:

consisting of refusal to work in Israeli settlements on Israeli products, refusal to pay taxes, and refusal to drive Palestinian cars with Israeli licenses.

12954: 12301: 5253:"UN Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator Call for Strengthening of International Support to the oPt" 4834:

policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'

16357: 13889: 10108:

Dana Weiss and Ronen Shamir (2011) Corporate Accountability to Human Rights: The Case of the Gaza Strip. Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 24, 1, 155–183.

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Gazans who desire medical care in Israeli hospitals must apply for a medical visa permit. In 2007, State of Israel granted 7,176 permits and denied 1,627.

1849: 13456: 12550: 11815:

Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The political economy of de-development, expanded third edition. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies p. xlix

729:. The blockade became indefinite after the 2007 Hamas takeover. Egypt also began its blockade of Gaza in 2007. Despite the Israeli disengagement, Gaza is 17670: 16939: 16743: 16024: 15084: 15078: 12461: 12185: 10973: 4874: 3979: 13573: 12105: 9295: 19411: 19362: 17563: 13968: 12335: 11748:

Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The political economy of de-development, expanded third edition. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies p. l

10793: 9465: 6358: 3511: 1798: 12278: 11085: 8832: 8798: 8278: 6707: 16367: 14274: 13437: 8521: 6083: 6014: 10441: 9326: 7322: 7171: 6967: 2711:

claimed in 2014 that Israel did not occupy Gaza and its only obligation was to minimize harm to the civilian population during military operations.

17259: 15089: 14850: 14011: 12356: 11968: 11834:

IDF spokesman provides contradictory answers regarding the width of the "no-go zone" which residents of the Gaza Strip are prohibited from entering

10995: 8880: 8621: 8325: 3651: 2319: 13118:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, pp. 189-199.

9491: 8552: 7082: 7023: 18298: 17399: 16944: 16423: 14316: 12599:. The National (Abu Dhabi), 12 March 2010. The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes 11486: 11145: 10938: 10862: 4019: 2002: 1833: 1691: 1683: 13145:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, Chapter 9.

13127:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, Chapter 8.

13021:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, Chapter 7.

10832: 9842: 9001: 2191:. The terrain is flat or rolling, with dunes near the coast. The highest point is Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda), at 105 m (344 ft) above 19205: 15532: 13988: 13406: 13091:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, Chapter 8

12526: 7810: 7751: 7348: 5320: 5164: 4556: 2380:, also known as the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is the second largest militant faction operating in the Gaza Strip. Its military wing, the 1635:, who had been considered a moderate civil servant acceptable to both factions, resigned due to what he termed harmful behavior by both sides. 1505: 13136:

The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, pp. 234.

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The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016, pp. 189.

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For the first time since the closure: A truckload of cucumbers left Gaza for sale in the West Bank - Gisha. (6 November 2014). Retrieved from

11556: 10367: 9264: 9242: 9032: 4297: 3311:, while primary imports are food, consumer goods, and construction materials. The main trade partners of the Gaza Strip are Israel and Egypt. 2921:, Israeli attacks take place up to approximately 1.5 km (0.9 mi) from the border, making 17% of Gaza's total territory a risk zone. 19367: 15119: 14320: 14125: 13697: 12249: 11205: 10657: 8189:"Launches Emergency Food Distributions to Families in Gaza | WFP | United Nations World Food Programme – Fighting Hunger Worldwide" 7305: 7204: 6102:

Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated.

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In 2012, there were five universities in the Gaza Strip and eight new schools were under construction. By 2018, nine universities were open.

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Walid Salem, 'Human Security from Below: Palestinian Citizens Protection Strategies, 1988–2005,' in Monica den Boer, Jaap de Wilde (eds.),

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heavily militarily fortified. "Egypt maintains a strict blockade on Gaza in order to isolate Hamas from Islamist insurgents in the Sinai."

1113:, who reported from "trustworthy sources" that 275 people were killed in the massacre, of which 140 were refugees and 135 local residents. 7773: 7458: 3025:, Egypt's military has destroyed most of the 1,200 tunnels which are used for smuggling food, weapons, and other goods to Gaza. After the 19394: 18685: 17821: 17171: 15586: 15479: 15390: 14552: 13172: 12759: 10507:

Israel ended its occupation of the Gaza Strip when it withdrew from Gaza in 2005, so why does Hamas continue to fire rockets into Israel?

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Sela-Shayovitz, R. (2007). Suicide bombers in Israel: Their motivations, characteristics, and prior activity in terrorist organizations.

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which peaked at 8.3 children per woman in 1991. This fell to 4.4 children per woman in 2013 which was still among the highest worldwide.

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called for the demilitarization of Gaza and a lifting of the blockade, saying "Gaza must neither be an open prison nor a military base."

2047: 2008: 769: 14589: 14498: 13070: 12846: 12825: 12804: 12716: 12573: 11881: 11322: 10292: 8365: 8303: 8253: 7955: 7381: 6036: 5121: 5087: 4853: 4430: 2828:

and foe alike. There are no permanently stationed foreign occupiers and, most importantly, no civilian Israeli settlements." Writing in

16505: 15962: 15882: 15201: 14715: 14435: 12736: 12694: 12640: 10393: 10087: 8941: 8705: 8065: 7436: 7274: 6389: 5195:. NYT, 20 July 2014: "Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain in 2010 called Gaza "an open-air prison", drawing criticism from Israel." 1918: 1832:, also known as Operation Protective Edge, was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Gaza Strip. Following the 13347: 12991: 12898: 12142: 11536: 10056: 9823: 9429: 7929: 7720: 7147: 5613: 5503: 2441:", as a name for Palestine, literally meaning "the land of standing vigilant watch on the frontier", but understood in the context of 2356:, internal security service, and civil police force. The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades have an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 operatives. 2296:

Since its takeover of Gaza, Hamas has exercised executive authority over the Gaza Strip, and it governs the territory through its own

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The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development, 3rd ed., by Sara Roy. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2016.

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A. Sanger, 'The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla,' in M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.),

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Violence against Christians has been recorded. The owner of a Christian bookshop was abducted and murdered and in February 2008, the

2333:, and Israeli military orders. Hamas maintains a judicial system with civilian and military courts and a public prosecution service. 644: 17: 14202: 14048: 13922: 13720: 13669: 10123: 9765: 7986: 5229:

I.B.Tauris, 2007 p.182:'The Rafiah crossing is the gateway to what Palestinians refer to as their open-air prison – the Gaza Strip.'

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estimated in 2014 that 12% of the population of Gaza was directly affected by the land and sea restrictions due to the buffer zone.

2731:. This characterization was often cited by a number of human rights activists, politicians, and media news outlets reporting on the 18308: 15609: 15537: 15254: 14978: 14635: 11780: 10645:

extent that the occupant's control is maintained and that of the civil government eliminated, the area will be said to be occupied.

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The economy of the Gaza Strip is severely hampered by Egypt and Israel's almost total blockade, and has one of the world's highest

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in 2008. In 1989 some written version of these stories were recorded from Gaza and published alongside many others, in the volume

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to leave for the West Bank, even when the Gaza resident is originally a West Bank resident. The Israeli human-rights organization

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Report of the independent international commission of inquiry on the protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory - A/HRC/40/74

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instructed the IDF to prepare for the operation six months before it began, using long-term planning and intelligence-gathering.

1750:. Hundreds of thousands of Gazans crossed the border into Egypt seeking food and supplies. Due to the crisis, Egyptian President 1402:

other urban areas, leaving the new Palestinian Authority to administer and police those areas. The Palestinian Authority, led by

13947: 13595: 13550: 12084: 12001: 11657: 11025: 10174:"Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability" 9205:"As Israel's Aerial Bombardments Intensify, 'There Is No Safe Place in Gaza', Humanitarian Affairs Chief Warns Security Council" 8735: 8218: 8166: 8133: 7899: 7690: 7633: 7577: 7406: 6997: 4823: 2758:

In 2022, Human Rights Watch issued a report on the situation in the Gaza Strip, which it called an "open-air prison" due to the

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air : police stations, schools, hospitals, UN warehouses, mosques, various Hamas government buildings and other buildings.

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During the 1956 Suez Crisis (the Second Arab–Israeli war), Israel invaded Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula. On 3 November, the

17725: 15712: 15469: 15432: 15151: 13472: 12217:. UNITED NATIONS Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. March 2011. Archived from 8854: 8569:"This is clearly a new trend in Palestinian society that attempts to expand the notions of resistance and nonviolent protests." 5148: 4969: 3665: 3603: 3579: 3366: 2585: 1743: 13194: 11935: 11443: 7841: 7459:"Violations of the human rights of Palestinians by Palestinians – Severe human rights violations in inter-Palestinian clashes" 2979:

had smuggled in over "5,000 rockets with ranges up to 40 km (25 mi)." Some of the rockets could reach as far as the

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majority of Palestinian children in Gaza suffer from psychological trauma, and a portion of which suffer from stunted growth.

19188: 18222: 17280: 16013: 15952: 15929: 15437: 14933: 14614: 14546: 14492: 14464: 14448: 14081: 13315: 13166: 13064: 12985: 12506: 12411: 12244: 12136: 10261: 10227: 9999: 8910: 7864: 7655: 7546: 6669: 6152: 6125: 5969: 5607: 5497: 5056: 5022: 4624: 4399: 4371: 4007: 1675: 1601: 1470: 1140: 978: 692: 656: 13834: 13216: 12218: 11852: 11799: 11706: 11291: 11252: 11115: 9448: 5910: 1848:, in which some 350 Palestinians, including nearly all of the active Hamas militants in the West Bank, were arrested. Hamas 1808: 275: 19577: 19320: 17972: 17763: 17285: 16880: 16820: 15564: 15542: 15420: 15046: 14221: 11983: 10584: 8007: 7252: 7230: 5429: 3999: 3530: 3017:

of construction materials, and to lift the general ban on movement between Gaza and the West Bank via Israel. According to

2965: 1640: 1517: 1036: 886: 15334: 12034:(2011) Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines. Amnesty International USA. Retrieved from 11762: 9212: 9114: 9092: 8032: 5789: 1574:, a narrow strip of land adjacent to the border with Egypt, after Egypt agreed to secure its side of the border after the 1189:

management of the area. Thousands of homes were bulldozed and large numbers of Bedouin families were exiled to the Sinai.

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The Hamas Enterprise and the Talibanization of Gaza, Khaled Al-Hroub, Al-Ayyam (Palestinian Authority), 11 October 2010.

13473:"In Gaza, prisoners twice over; Palestinians are being squeezed by the Israeli blockade and Hamas' 'Islamizing' actions," 12452: 12398: 11579: 10561: 10538: 10426: 8494: 4684: 3933: 3877: 3392: 2976: 2918: 2882:

Part of the territory is depopulated because of the imposition of buffer zones on both the Israeli and Egyptian borders.

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On 23 January 2008, after months of preparation during which the steel reinforcement of the border barrier was weakened,

1509: 67: 14631: 13283: 8758:"UN Independent Commission of Inquiry on Protests in Gaza Presents its Findings - Press Release - Question of Palestine" 3961: 19434: 19389: 17656: 17290: 15494: 15264: 15129: 14525: 14413: 13617: 12675: 11899: 10144: 8583: 6438: 6144: 4265:"Mideast accord: the overview; Rabin and Arafat sign accord ending Israel's 27-year hold on Jericho and the Gaza Strip" 3558: 2790: 2668: 2050:. By 13 November 2023, one out of every 200 people in Gaza were killed, becoming one out of every 100 by January 2024. 2046:, and a deal was made on 19 October for Israel and Egypt to allow aid into Gaza. Gaza is currently undergoing a severe 1883: 773: 13776: 13750: 13643: 12779: 12186:

https://gisha.org/en/for-the-first-time-since-the-closure-a-truckload-of-cucumbers-left-gaza-for-sale-in-the-west-bank

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Due to the on-going blockade of Gaza, any external travel from Gaza requires cooperation from either Egypt or Israel.

1254:

had previously existed for 18 months between 1946 and 1948. The kibbutz community had been established as part of the

1109:. The claims of a massacre were reported to the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1956 by UNRWA director 19406: 17900: 17590: 15614: 15517: 15269: 15236: 14788: 14682: 14391: 14071: 13803:"Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan" 12436: 11378: 11285: 11246: 10833:"Israel's New Supreme Court Justice's Deleted Facebook Post: Israel Isn't Obligated to Provide Gaza With Electricity" 10286: 8386: 8192: 6796:

Brym, R. J.; Araj, B. (1 June 2006). "Suicide Bombing as Strategy and Interaction: The Case of the Second Intifada".

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Initially, Israel imposed a 50-meter buffer zone in Gaza. In 2000, it was expanded to 150 meters. Following the 2005

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at the IDF and its infrastructure within the West Bank and Gaza Strip. These contrasted with civil efforts including

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So near and yet so far—Implications of Israeli‐Imposed Seclusion of Gaza Strip on Palestinians’ Right to Family Life

12165: 10623: 9616: 8679:"At least 5 Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops as thousands march on Gaza-Israel border for 'March of Return'" 8090: 6859: 6544: 4123:, site of two Early Bronze Age settlements including a port on now silted-up arm of Wadi Ghazzeh. Bulldozed in 2017. 2060:

After the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war in 2023, there has been a renewed campaign to return Israeli settlers to

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make up 99.8 percent of the population in the Gaza Strip, with an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 (0.2 percent)

2600:

applied to Israel "in regard to the obligations of an Occupying Power and in the requirements of the laws of war."

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about what to do with the Arab population of the newly occupied territories, one of the suggestions Prime Minister

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In Gaza, there are hospitals and additional healthcare facilities. Because of the high number of young people the

2928: 2219: 19421: 19401: 18678: 17814: 16851: 15349: 15109: 15051: 14993: 13880: 12951: 9415:"The origin, nature and stratigraphy of Pleistocene-Holocene palaeosols in Wadi Es-Salqa (Gaza Strip, Palestine)" 4225: 3167: 2886: 2657: 2629: 2621: 2494:'s death, which resulted in the deaths of seven people, after protesters hurled stones at Hamas security forces. 2304: 2030: 1852:

from Gaza, triggering a seven-week-long conflict between the two sides. It was one of the deadliest outbreaks of

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High numbers of casualties were caused among civilians as well as combatants. Israeli forces engaged in gunfire,

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Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks,

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James Kraska, 'Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Blockade of Gaza:Law of Naval Warfare or Law of Sea?,' in

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Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem and the occupied Syrian Golan

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Statement by Prof. Richard Falk, United Nations Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories

9387: 6298: 3841: 3411:, the oldest mosque in Gaza dating to the 7th century CE, which was destroyed by Israeli airstrikes during the 3089: 2865: 2597: 1628: 1224: 1110: 439: 220: 14358: 12458: 10965: 9736: 3606:(UCAS). In 2010, the college had a student population of 6,000, in eight departments offering over 40 majors. 1981:

between 5 and 8 August 2022 resulted in property damage and displacement of people as a result of airstrikes.

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Other Palestinian militant factions operate in the Gaza Strip alongside, and sometimes opposed to Hamas. The

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and Israel. It was motivated by collective Palestinian frustration over Israel's military occupation of the

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Due to both the Israeli blockade and Hamas's authoritarian policies and actions, US political organization

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along the length of the Israel–Egypt Sinai border, and warned its citizens to leave Sinai "without delay."

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In 2005, Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip and dismantled its settlements. Israel also withdrew from the

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After the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty, a 100-meter-wide buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt known as the

1171: 809: 668: 253: 232: 14688: 14266: 8881:"Gaza August 2022 Escalation Dashboard (09 August 2022) - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb" 7326: 6959: 6080: 6011: 3563: 3348:

Gaza's marine gas reserves extend 32 kilometres from the Gaza Strip's coastline and were calculated at 35

2707:

established government. He argues that Israeli control over Gaza does not meet these standards. Likewise,

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and Israel. The general triggers for the unrest are speculated to have been centred on the failure of the

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In June 1967, during the Six-Day War, IDF captured Gaza. Under the then head of Israel's Southern Command

19444: 17720: 17547: 16397: 15136: 14855: 14793: 14672: 14334:"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics – 2004 Survey of Computer, Internet and Mobile Phone Ownership" 12481: 12036:

https://www.amnestyusa.org/updates/palmer-report-did-not-find-gaza-blockade-legal-despite-media-headlines

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to improve security in Israel. The barrier was largely torn down by Palestinians at the beginning of the

422: 15766: 19518: 19384: 19372: 18671: 18272: 17830: 17807: 17715: 17231: 17126: 17116: 16962: 16815: 15947: 15425: 10691: 9952: 7078: 7019: 6117: 4045: 3917: 3793: 3769: 3534: 3489: 3152: 3026: 2980: 2950: 2759: 2399: 1903: 1719: 1513: 1370: 1262:" plan, in which 11 Jewish villages were built across the Negev in a single night as a response to the 1212: 957: 726: 508: 484: 257: 19130:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

17840: 11476: 11206:"Bernie Sanders says Israel is violating international law with blockade on 'open-air prison' in Gaza" 10930: 10528:

JCPA Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws

2817:

asserted that Gaza is an independent state, stating that Palestinians "already have a state" in Gaza.

2719:

Several rights groups have characterized the situation in Gaza as an "open-air prison", including the

2426:, Katibat al-Sheikh al-Emireen, the Mujahideen Brigades, and the Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades. 2325:

The legal code Hamas applies in Gaza is based on Ottoman laws, the British Mandate's 1936 legal code,

1094:

broke through the heavily fortified lines outside of Khan Yunis held by the 86th Palestinian Brigade.

19472: 19377: 19181: 18357: 18217: 18182: 18137: 17904: 17219: 16918: 16598: 16372: 16270: 15868: 15677: 15339: 15324: 15211: 14701: 14651: 14643:"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory" 14016: 13810: 9914: 7800: 7743: 4059: 3781: 3773: 3678: 3510:" and to require women to wear the hijab. The government's "Islamic Endowment Ministry" has deployed 3144: 2797: 2728: 2605: 2569:

occupying power in the Gaza Strip, even though Israel has no military or other presence, because the

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Israel said that the attack was a response to Hamas rocket attacks on southern Israel, which totaled

1498: 1339: 1307: 1180:, dozens of Palestinians, suspected of being members of the resistance, were executed without trial. 971: 845: 652: 13410: 12433:

Open Gaza's crossings—Keeping Gazans locked in the crowded Strip is immoral and strategically unwise

5312: 3948:, fell into disuse following Israeli disengagement. The airspace over Gaza may be restricted by the 3905:

in the north. Prior to Israel's establishment, the road provided linkage between Egypt and Lebanon.

3533:(YMCA) library in Gaza City was bombed. At least eighteen people were killed when Israel bombed the 1334:

and the Gaza Strip, as it approached a twenty-year mark, having begun after Israel's victory in the

19467: 18397: 18107: 18102: 17997: 17989: 17965: 17908: 16827: 16229: 15942: 15697: 15249: 14920: 14887: 14457:

The economics of Palestine: economic policy and institutional reform for a viable Palestinian state

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Bill Van Esveld, Bill Van Esveld is a Middle East researcher for Human Rights Watch, 27 June 2010,

12511:

Roger Cohen: "The 140-square-mile area is little better than an open-air prison. As incubators for

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United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory

7194: 5751: 5158: 4134: 4108: 3756: 3639: 2283: 2203: 1776: 1669: 1595: 1255: 961: 879: 160: 14122: 13386: 7300: 6243:"Israeli Prime Minister After Six-Day War: 'We'll Deprive Gaza of Water, and the Arabs Will Leave" 1131:, 1% of the population of Gaza was killed, wounded, imprisoned or tortured during the occupation. 19039: 18227: 18202: 18117: 18097: 18047: 18017: 18007: 17919: 17768: 17753: 17730: 17705: 17054: 16234: 16224: 15682: 15657: 15632: 15569: 15553: 15410: 14860: 14803: 14678: 14484: 12287: 11619: 10241:

significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.

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significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.

4904: 4816: 4160: 3975: 3830: 3677:

After the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip health conditions in Gaza Strip faced new challenges.

2834:, journalist Marc Schulman referred to Gaza as "an impoverished proto-state that lives off aid." 2764: 2675: 2562: 2554: 2446: 2341: 1953: 1887: 1462: 1418: 1327: 781: 672: 613: 490: 9532: 5768:

M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.,) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law,

5347:"Israeli Policy towards the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The Economic Dimension, 1967–2007" 3081: 3001:

Israel also eased restrictions in June 2010 as a result of international pressure following the

1874: 1734: 764:, half of whom are under the age of 18. Sunni Muslims make up most of Gaza's population, with a 756:

on approximately 365 km (141 sq mi) of land, Gaza has one of the world's highest

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Kimmerling, Zionism and Economy (Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co.. Inc., 1983) pp. 60-61

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known from Byzantine-period sources. Proposed identification with remains in Deir e-Nuse(i)rat.

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Gaza Summer Games 2010, a children's event organized by the UN Agency for Palestinian Refugees

2991: 2910: 2470: 2458: 2012: 1914: 1466: 1267: 1259: 852: 824: 765: 360: 167: 88: 14536: 14299:

Israel to open Kerem Shalom Crossing for Gaza aid inspections for first time since war started

13802: 13156: 12757: 10458: 10321: 10251: 10207: 7834:"IDF shell kills 30 in Gaza UN school; Israel mulls appeal over Hamas fire from UN facilities" 6218: 5766: 5217: 5046: 5002: 4790: 4764: 4712: 4614: 4389: 4351: 2913:

allows 20 nautical miles, and the 2002 Bertini Commitment allows 12 nautical miles.

19071: 18547: 18257: 18207: 18162: 18142: 18132: 18032: 17606: 17323: 17212: 17062: 16923: 16475: 16194: 15776: 15707: 15702: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 14928: 14569: 14478: 14379: 13265: 13252: 13054: 12841: 12820: 12799: 12711: 12570: 12212:"Easing the blockade – Assessing the humanitarian impact on the population of the Gaza Strip" 11876: 11314: 10787: 10276: 10177: 9969: 8362: 7378: 7278: 6471: 6031: 5464: 5116: 5071: 4850: 4414: 4130: 4025: 3412: 3211: 3054: 2601: 2499: 2487: 2423: 2134:

adjacent to Rafah and Khan Yunis, along the southwestern edge of the 40 km (25 mi)

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population was in Gaza, though the Strip constituted only 1% of the land. The same year, the

923: 738: 707: 680: 514: 14432: 13987: 13696: 12733: 12691: 12648: 10079: 8649:"15 Killed, Dozens Wounded, as Thousands Gather on Gaza-Israel Border for "March of Return"" 8300: 8241: 8058: 7428: 6386: 2931:

was also created on the Egyptian side of the Gaza–Egypt border. In 2014, scores of homes in

2364: 1886:, also known as the Great March of Return, were held each Friday in the Gaza Strip near the 1701:, dissolving the unity government and forming a new government without Hamas participation. 105: 19492: 19487: 19332: 19174: 18939: 18232: 18147: 18127: 18012: 18002: 17773: 17531: 17300: 17082: 16766: 16706: 15687: 15667: 15662: 15624: 15547: 15459: 15367: 15319: 15297: 15184: 14892: 14798: 14764: 14739: 14362: 13841: 13344: 12975: 12126: 11531: 10048: 9819: 9002:"Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel" 7921: 7712: 7143: 5597: 5487: 4321:"Buffer Zone and Control Corridor: What the Israeli Army's Entrenchment in Gaza Looks Like" 4089: 4065: 4029: 3941: 3695: 3670: 3408: 3385: 3175: 2732: 2054: 1990: 1895: 1290: 1098: 975: 761: 757: 742: 625: 500: 13242: 12895: 12875: 12054: 10173: 10120: 9965: 4539:"ActionAid: Conditions in Rafah at breaking point, with over one million displaced people" 3093: 1406:, chose Gaza City as its first provincial headquarters. In September 1995, Israel and the 8: 19572: 19016: 18538: 18287: 18277: 18212: 18177: 18112: 18092: 18082: 18042: 18027: 18022: 17958: 17638: 17202: 17072: 16832: 16377: 16054: 16049: 16000: 15924: 15375: 15356: 15156: 14808: 14199: 14040: 13914: 13724: 13673: 13267:

Natural Gas and Israel's Energy Future: Near-Term Decisions from a Strategic Perspective,

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or parliament. Since the Hamas takeover in 2007, the Gaza Strip has been described as a "

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to lands they were displaced from in what is now Israel. They protested against Israel's

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Since Hamas took over in 2007, attempts have been made by Islamist activists to impose "

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Gaza Strip with Israeli-controlled borders and limited fishing zone, as of December 2012

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estimated that 45 of those killed were not involved in hostilities, and 15 were minors.

1357:

was intentional or coordinated. The Palestinian response was characterized by protests,

19277: 18995: 18528: 18318: 18237: 18197: 18172: 18152: 18087: 18062: 18052: 18037: 17890: 17850: 17778: 17748: 17695: 17335: 17328: 16967: 16796: 16289: 15797: 15744: 15454: 15444: 15259: 15074: 14724: 14667: 14175:"استهداف البشر والحجر والكلمة.. قصص تدمير أشهر المؤسسات الثقافية في غزة - البوابة نيوز" 14134: 13154: 11584: 9695: 9687: 9144: 8532: 8506: 8478: 7805: 7524: 7516: 7199: 6821: 6762: 6523: 6515: 6062: 5713: 5701: 5463:

Doug Suisman, Steven Simon, Glenn Robinson, C. Ross Anthony, Michael Schoenbaum (eds.)

4208: 3990:

In 2004, most Gaza households had a radio and a TV (70%+), and approximately 20% had a

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accounted to 14% of the whole territory of the Strip and contained 30–55% of its total

2724: 2649: 2558: 2258: 2026: 1917:

far from the border fence. Peter Cammack, a fellow with the Middle East Program at the

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The First Intifada was a sustained series of protests and violent riots carried out by

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since July 2007, with an ongoing military operation in the Gaza Strip conducted by the

14361:, 23 Feb 2022, Forensic Architecture, Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths, 13591: 13489: 11652: 11175: 9955:, Middle East Report N°104, 29 March 2011, pp. 6-7 with note 61. Accessed 22 Oct 2023. 9356: 9296:"As war with Hamas rages, a campaign gets underway for a return to Gaza's settlements" 9058: 8214: 5958: 3614: 3403: 2292:

Damaged UN school and remmants of the Ministry of Interior in Gaza City, December 2012

996:

On 22 September 1948 (near the end of the Arab–Israeli War), in the Egyptian-occupied

805: 780:, while youth literacy is 88%. Gaza has throughout the years been seen as a source of 19149: 18774: 18663: 18389: 18342: 18157: 18122: 18077: 18072: 17981: 17929: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17855: 17783: 17372: 17295: 17151: 17146: 17077: 16776: 16771: 16756: 16716: 16711: 16677: 16613: 16387: 16134: 15830: 15754: 15405: 14610: 14581: 14542: 14521: 14488: 14474: 14460: 14444: 14387: 14375: 14077: 13944: 13540: 13162: 13060: 13056:

International Assistance to the Palestinians After Oslo Political Guilt, Wasted Money

12981: 12512: 12132: 12080: 11281: 11242: 10775: 10282: 10257: 10223: 9699: 9679: 9624: 8591: 8333: 8158: 8125: 7891: 7682: 7359: 6989: 6841:

Schweitzer, Y. (2010). The rise and fall of suicide bombings in the second Intifada.

6825: 6813: 6766: 6754: 6699: 6665: 6527: 6507: 6329: 6322: 6148: 6121: 5965: 5705: 5603: 5493: 5077: 5052: 5018: 4820: 4700: 4655: 4620: 4520: 4479: 4420: 4395: 4367: 4195: 4194:

This includes the roughly 60% of the Gaza strip under evacuation orders, as well the

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resulted in thousands of deaths, the vast majority of which were Gazan Palestinians.

1571: 1447: 1286: 1227:

was founded to help victims of the conflict by providing immediate emergency relief.

1128: 859: 746: 734: 609: 39: 10574:

Israeli MFA Address by Israeli Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference

8410:"Mass Gaza Border Clashes: 58 Palestinians Killed by Israeli Gunfire, 1,113 Wounded" 7774:"A Timeline of Terror: 2001 to 2012, The Official Blog of the Israel Defense Forces" 6021:

entry at ProCon.org citing "An Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab–Israeli Conflict"

5200:'Tales from Gaza: What is life really like in 'the world's largest outdoor prison'?' 2352:

The Gaza Strip's security is mainly handled by Hamas through its military wing, the

2314:", although it tolerates other political groups, including leftist ones such as the 741:

and exacerbates dire living conditions. A tightened blockade since the start of the

19544: 19532: 19238: 19034: 17939: 17924: 17914: 17860: 17503: 17485: 17480: 17453: 17389: 17121: 17087: 17067: 16791: 16633: 16578: 16382: 16028: 15969: 15919: 15835: 15792: 15379: 14870: 14774: 13364: 13270: 11925: 10890:"Israel occupation makes Palestinian territories 'open-air prison', UN expert says" 10767: 10734: 10215: 9671: 7833: 6805: 6746: 6657: 6499: 6171: 5697: 5651: 5361: 5010: 4510: 4469: 4359: 3926: 3220: 3085: 2820: 2637: 2633: 2462: 2381: 2257:. A United Nations official said in 2024 that "it could take 14 years ... to clear 2250: 2242: 1632: 1374: 911: 831: 648: 552: 35: 10481:"Frequently asked questions on ICRC's work in Israel and the occupied territories" 7659: 7538: 3691:

In 2012, two hospitals funded by Turkey and Saudi Arabia were under construction.

2986: 2406:), the Nidal Al-Amoudi Battalion (an offshoot of the West Bank-based Fatah-linked 19551: 19265: 18990: 18706: 18642: 18523: 17895: 17870: 17865: 17582: 16892: 16726: 16470: 16299: 16189: 16079: 15914: 15344: 14998: 14902: 14882: 14769: 14515: 14439: 14303: 14225: 14206: 14129: 13951: 13838: 13831: 13496: 13460: 13441: 13393: 13351: 13249: 12958: 12902: 12882: 12850: 12829: 12808: 12786: 12763: 12740: 12720: 12698: 12596: 12577: 12554: 12535: 12485: 12465: 12440: 12420: 12407: 12386: 12365: 12282: 12192: 12172: 12166:

https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/AHLCReportFinal.pdf

12112: 12042: 12022: 11885: 11861: 11840: 11803: 11796: 11784: 11771: 11736: 11710: 11701: 11689: 11661: 11565: 11540: 11275: 11236: 10580: 10557: 10534: 10514: 10467: 10445: 10422: 10402: 10351: 10330: 10219: 10127: 9948: 9827: 9675: 9452: 9445: 8579: 8559: 8528: 8501: 8474: 8446: 8369: 8307: 8282: 7385: 7367: 7355: 7309: 7261: 7151: 6866: 6412: 6393: 6228: 6197: 6112: 6087: 6040: 6018: 5941: 5775: 5473: 5413: 5233: 5226: 5209: 5206: 5192: 5173: 5155: 5125: 5014: 4857: 4827: 4799: 4773: 4363: 4271: 3422: 3112: 2858: 2589: 2578: 2326: 2311: 2254: 2234: 1579: 1434: 1422: 1378: 1199: 1074: 1048: 905: 600: 585: 74: 14570:"The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" 14218: 11987: 9327:"Some Israelis dream of return to Gaza settlements as IDF readies to go back in" 9145:"Gaza death toll continues to rise nearly 3 months after Hamas attack on Israel" 4557:"Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse" 3746:

is an important aspect of Palestinian women's oral culture and was inscribed by

2110:

is located 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast of Rafah, and several towns around

1101:, Khan Yunis fell to the Israelis. Upon capturing Khan Yunis, the IDF committed 818: 18652: 18637: 18552: 17511: 17224: 17131: 16649: 16438: 16433: 16304: 16249: 15016: 14877: 14779: 9910:"Analysis: 17 Palestinian militant factions identified in recent Gaza conflict" 9466:"'Now we can breathe a little': How Gaza is bringing its wetlands back to life" 9204: 9084: 8387:"15 Palestinians reported killed by Israeli fire as Gaza border protest builds" 7049:"Israel's control of the airspace and the territorial waters of the Gaza Strip" 4083: 4079: 4051: 3937: 3898: 3627: 3495: 3304: 2744: 2720: 2641: 2617: 2547: 1825:

On 5 June 2014, Fatah signed a unity agreement with the Hamas political party.

1687: 1537: 1521: 1312: 1302: 1193: 986: 931: 919: 915: 473: 353: 15975:

Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip

13287: 10771: 10739: 10722: 10121:"Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories" 9604:

Since 2007, Gaza has functioned as a de facto one-party state under Hamas rule

9033:"IDF notifies relatives of 199 people that their loved ones are Gaza hostages" 7020:"Egypt Opens Gaza Border Crossing for the Injured – Middle East – Arutz Sheva" 6750: 4676: 4515: 4498: 4474: 4457: 3978:. While the land border crossings with Egypt include: Rafah Crossing, and the 3714: 768:

minority. Gaza has an annual population growth rate of 1.99% (2023 est.), the

81: 19566: 19142: 19000: 18617: 18584: 18336: 17799: 17617: 17377: 17318: 17207: 16761: 16701: 16638: 16537: 16510: 16490: 16485: 16443: 16309: 16278: 16139: 16059: 16039: 15957: 14585: 12611:"'David Cameron: Israeli blockade has turned Gaza Strip into a 'prison camp'" 11544: 11086:"What is Gaza Strip, the besieged Palestinian enclave under Israeli assault?" 10779: 9683: 9628: 9527: 8595: 8440:"Hamas vows Gaza protests last until Palestinians return to all of Palestine" 8337: 6915: 6817: 6758: 6703: 6511: 5935:"UNRWA Report to the UN General Assembly November 1 – December 14, 1956" 5709: 5655: 5179: 5144: 4861: 4524: 4483: 4175: 4147: 4120: 4114: 4102: 4055: 4039: 3971: 3902: 3507: 3108: 3073: 3050: 2814: 2785:

state, even if not internationally recognized as such. Israeli Major General

2740: 2516: 2491: 2403: 2111: 2065: 2017: 1829: 1751: 1694: 1529: 1403: 1215: 537: 290: 277: 96:

http://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/control_on_air_space_and_territorial_waters

13621: 13264:

Steven W. Popper, Claude Berrebi, James Griffin, Thomas Light, Endy Y. Min,

11903: 6661: 6591: 4792:

Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine,

3920:

since Hamas was elected as a majority party in the 2006 elections. Both the

19305: 19055: 18934: 18899: 18647: 18632: 18627: 18607: 18592: 17648: 17197: 16522: 16480: 16428: 16402: 16294: 16239: 16204: 16149: 15802: 15309: 14754: 13647: 12921: 12917:"UN report: 80% of Gaza inhabitants relied on international aid before war" 12744: 10527: 10247: 8522:"Masses of Gazans head to border area for 'right of return' says organizer" 8326:"Israel killed more Palestinians in 2014 than in any other year since 1967" 8276:

Hamas claims responsibility for three Israeli teens' kidnapping and murder'

8036: 7954:. International Organization for Migration. 30 January 2009. Archived from 6688:"Targeted Killing during the Second Intifada:: The Quest for Effectiveness" 6164: 6141:

Camps Revisited:Multifaceted Spatialities of a Modern Political Technology,

5042: 4385: 4075: 3921: 3909: 3655: 3418: 3334: 3104: 3077: 3014: 2932: 2854: 2786: 2653: 2640:, Claude Bruderlein, Sari Bashi, Kenneth Mann, Shane Darcy, John Reynolds, 2570: 2288: 2173: 2038: 1924: 1891: 1841: 1714: 1559: 1486: 1474: 1455: 1353: 1350: 1343: 1320: 1185: 1177: 1025: 753: 676: 396: 332: 327: 224: 13989:"As Bombs Fell in Gaza, a Rich Cactus Lover Could Cultivate Only Patience" 12478:

Gisha to the High Court: Allow a woman from Gaza to attend her own wedding

12431: 10756:"FARAWAY, SO CLOSE: THE LEGAL STATUS OF GAZA AFTER ISRAEL'S DISENGAGEMENT" 9876: 9115:"Gaza reports more than 11,100 killed. That's one out of every 200 people" 6809: 6169:'Sharon Revisited: Netanyahu’s Ultimate Aim in Gaza and Why It Will Fail,' 6033:

The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement,

4875:"Preliminary Assessment Of The Economic Impact Of The Destruction In Gaza" 3522:

Palestinian researcher Khaled Al-Hroub has criticized what he called the "

2779:

Some Israeli analysts have argued that the Gaza Strip can be considered a

593: 178: 19556: 19197: 19154: 18884: 18824: 18819: 18714: 18602: 18346: 16643: 16532: 16527: 16500: 16455: 16319: 16254: 16159: 16109: 16089: 16044: 16034: 14749: 14012:"Six months of war leave Al-Shifa hospital in ruins, WHO mission reports" 13574:"Gaza's Christian community faces 'threat of extinction' amid Israel war" 11682:

PCHR-Gaza: Israeli Buffer Zone Policies Typically Enforced with Live Fire

11510: 10551:

International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense

10345:

officials such as Shlomo Ben-Ami to describe Gaza as "an open air prison"

9235:"Over 50% of Gaza buildings damaged or destroyed in Israel's bombardment" 8584:"Israeli Military Kills 15 Palestinians in Confrontations on Gaza Border" 8372: 6907: 6273: 4731:"Is Gaza Occupied: Redefining the Status of Gaza under International Law" 3995: 3732: 3330: 3326: 3308: 3268:

Gaza Strip industries are generally small family businesses that produce

3206: 3069: 3061: 2898: 2846: 2824: 2810: 2748: 2688: 2671: 2645: 2238: 2150: 2123: 1764: 1656: 1555: 1335: 1311:

Israeli soldiers opposite Palestinian protesters in the strip during the

1219: 1149: 1106: 1069: 1044: 1001: 935: 696: 664: 14178: 14149:"خسائر كبيرة في قطاع الثقافة الفلسطينية جراء العدوان الإسرائيلي على غزة" 11558:

Precisely Wrong—Gaza Civilians Killed by Israeli Drone-Launched Missiles

10863:"Palestinians in Lebanon ready to fight Israel, if Hezbollah helps them" 9691: 9659: 9085:"Humanitarian crisis in Gaza could get far worse, warns UN relief chief" 5717: 5685: 4099:: fifth-century Byzantine monastic church, mosaic floor restored in 2022 3658:. 53% of women of reproductive age and 44% of children were found to be 3277: 2796:

Yagil Levy, a professor of Political Sociology and Public Policy at the

2628:, international human rights organizations, US government websites, the 18944: 18919: 18834: 18814: 18764: 18734: 18724: 18622: 18612: 18597: 18475: 17445: 17275: 17161: 16547: 16314: 16214: 16209: 16069: 16064: 15807: 15057:

United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority

15021: 14744: 13832:'200 Gazans injured in separate incidents on first day of Eid al-Adha,' 12961: 11146:"Gaza under siege: The 25-mile-long strip with 2.3 million 'prisoners'" 9059:"Fergal Keane: Aid convoy tragedy shows fear of starvation haunts Gaza" 8563: 6519: 6190: 6066: 4213:

recognized by 145 members of the United Nations as well as the Holy See

4033: 3844: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3777: 3124: 2842: 2752: 2708: 2330: 2177: 2158: 2142: 2127: 2126:

are located to the north and northeast of Gaza City, respectively. The

2119: 2107: 2061: 1890:

from 30 March 2018 until 27 December 2019, during which a total of 223

1802: 1563: 1251: 1243: 1091: 1087: 981:

to the Gaza Strip. By the end of the war, 25% of Mandatory Palestine's

792: 684: 18387: 14070:

Adam, Thomas; Stiefel, Barry L.; Peleg, Shelley-Anne (17 April 2023).

13155:

Clive Lipchin; Eric Pallant; Danielle Saranga; Allyson Amster (2007).

11412:"Shaked touts 'confederation' of Jordan, Gaza, and parts of West Bank" 8822: 4674: 4613:

Chami, Ralph; Espinoza, Raphael; Montiel, Peter J. (26 January 2021).

1145: 19292: 19108: 18909: 18904: 18784: 18559: 17740: 17254: 17166: 17141: 16410: 16346: 16174: 16119: 16099: 16074: 15179: 13158:

Integrated Water Resources Management and Security in the Middle East

12801:

Catastrophe and Redemption: The Political Thought of Giorgio Agamben,

12622: 11727: 11680: 8468:"One Dead Amid Violence in 3rd Week of Protests at Gaza-Israel Fence" 6215: 6012:"How has the Gaza Strip influenced the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?" 5953: 5118:

Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector,

4170: 3797: 3568: 3349: 3293: 2660:, the Hamas government in Gaza considers Gaza as occupied territory. 2486:

criminal groups, and gaining control of supply tunnels. According to

2199: 2192: 2165: 2115: 2043: 1949: 1837: 1722:. Palestinian sources reported that European Union monitors fled the 1706: 1643:, and possibly the end of the Palestinian authority. Hamas spokesman 1616: 1490: 1366: 1331: 1208: 997: 838: 617: 269: 31: 17950: 14642: 12131:. Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated. pp. xxxi. 10214:. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. 6503: 6290: 5365: 5009:. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. 4358:. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. 3819: 3515:

attempts by local Hamas officials to impose Islamic dress on women.

2893:

fence before 2012. The buffer zone before the implementation of the

1956:

had been committed, and if so, to bring those responsible to trial.

19127:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

18985: 18924: 18879: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18749: 18485: 16683:

Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians

16179: 16154: 16124: 14693: 14655: 14538:

A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism

13955: 13545: 12947: 12557: 11516: 11481: 10996:"'Hell on earth': Israel unrest spotlights dire conditions in Gaza" 10888:

Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (11 July 2023). Maclean, William (ed.).

9730: 7592: 6278:

The politics of denial: Israel and the Palestinian refugee problem.

6186: 5434: 5166:

Noam Chomsky: My Visit to Gaza, the World's Largest Open-Air Prison

5112: 4933:"Gaza Strip: devastated by conflict and Israel's economic blockade" 4843: 4198:, and an "expanded buffer zone" encompassing 16% of the Gaza strip. 4096: 3916:

under the Oslo Peace Accords to expand the port, it has been under

3541: 3269: 3226: 3100: 2972: 2830: 2781: 2703: 2574: 2206:

was established, to protect the only coastal wetland in the Strip.

2188: 2180: 2154: 1894:

were killed by Israeli forces. The demonstrators demanded that the

1473:

in July 2000. Outbreaks of violence began in September 2000, after

1362: 1342:, though some date its conclusion to 1993, with the signing of the 1272: 532: 30:

This article is about the Palestinian territory. For the city, see

15027:

Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

14152: 14123:

Museum Offers Gray Gaza a View of Its Dazzling Past, Ethan Bronner

10598:"Behind the Headlines: Israeli Supreme Court Decision HCJ 9132/07" 8495:"300 Meters in Gaza: Snipers, Burning Tires and a Contested Fence" 6739:

European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie

5745: 5527:"Gaza graduates demand UNRWA solutions for high unemployment rate" 3872: 3333:

was discovered. The Gaza Strip is largely dependent on water from

3241: 3011:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

2025:

On 7 October 2023, the paramilitaries in Gaza, led by the Hamas's

188: 19260: 19213: 18949: 18864: 18844: 18729: 18719: 18571: 18500: 18480: 18455: 18420: 18410: 18405: 17416: 16542: 16465: 16460: 16219: 16184: 16164: 16114: 15812: 15749: 15189: 11930: 11383: 11350: 10894: 10505: 10278:

Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships

9492:"UN official says it could take 14 years to clear debris in Gaza" 8647:

Khoury, Jack; Kubovich, Yaniv; Zikri, Almog Ben (30 March 2018).

8287: 7291:. Nidal al-Mughrabi, Reuters, 1 February 2007. On web.archive.org 7109: 6247: 5073:

Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships

4937: 4677:"Gaza Strip | Definition, History, Facts, & Map | Britannica" 4416:

Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships

4150:

Museum in Al Mat'haf Hotel. Bronze Age to 20th-century artifacts.

3647: 3523: 3376: 3338: 2802: 1482: 1390: 1382: 1017: 989:

Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (

370: 16903:

Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war

13454:

Hamas patrols beaches in Gaza to enforce conservative dress code

12106:

Egypt eases own Gaza blockade after Israel Freedom Flotilla raid

10208:"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla" 8153: 8151: 5003:"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla" 4352:"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla" 4013: 2084: 1450:

demolishing a house in the Gaza Strip during the Second Intifada

19327: 19315: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19218: 19005: 18929: 18894: 18829: 18809: 18799: 18759: 18744: 18739: 18505: 18470: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18425: 17411: 16495: 16284: 16244: 16169: 16104: 16084: 12734:'Blair sister-in-law: Gaza world's largest concentration camp,' 12618: 12400:

Gaza crossings’ operations status:Monthly update—September 2015

9265:"The numbers that reveal the extent of the destruction in Gaza" 8825:"UN: Israel may have committed war crimes during Gaza protests" 8408:

Khoury, Jack; Kubovich, Yaniv; Zikri, Almog Ben (15 May 2018).

6221:

Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East,

5219:

Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyrs and Spies,

4290:"Visual analysis shows 60% of Gaza now under evacuation orders" 3925:

Plans to expand the port were halted after the outbreak of the

3912:

has been an important and active port since antiquity. Despite

3747: 3659: 3289: 3157: 2870: 2298: 2262: 2169: 2093: 1932: 1414:, extending the Palestinian Authority to most West Bank towns. 1275:

characterised the pattern as one of structural de-development.

1157:

refugees from former Mandatory Palestine, roughly a quarter of

1009: 714: 637: 320: 19166: 15600:

Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority

14041:"Maymanah Farhat, "Under the Voices of Fire: Artists in Gaza"" 12515:

go, it is hard to imagine a more effective setting than Gaza."

12476: 11833: 10130:

6 July 2006; Human Rights Watch considers Gaza still occupied.

9388:"In Gaza, surfers find peace and freedom riding the deep blue" 7105:"Timeline of conflict between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza" 5559: 2853:

As agreed between Israel and the Palestinian Authority in the

1878:

UN OCHA map of the Great March of Return protests, 31 May 2018

1856:

in decades. The combination of Palestinian rocket attacks and

1389:

institutions in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, an economic

1238:

Subsequent to this military victory, Israel created the first

1124:

during Israeli operations, provoking international criticism.

19337: 19310: 19300: 19223: 19113: 18954: 18914: 18889: 18869: 18804: 18779: 18769: 18754: 18567: 18495: 18490: 18465: 18460: 18450: 18430: 16552: 16450: 16144: 16129: 16094: 15860: 15736: 15385: 15194: 15099: 15094: 14813: 13855:"WHO | WHO statement on the situation in the Gaza Strip" 13370:

Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank

13217:"Israel: Immediately Restore Electricity, Water, Aid to Gaza" 13109:

West Bank Data Base Project, Budgetary Data, Jerusalem, 1989.

12843:

Jews and the Left: The Rise and Fall of a Political Alliance,

11959:"Israel tightens its blockade of Gaza for 'security reasons'" 10483:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 13 October 2023. 10333:

Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.421–445 p.431.

8794: 8148: 7429:"Over 600 Palestinians killed in internal clashes since 2006" 6053:

Baster, James (1955). "Economic Problems in the Gaza Strip".

5778:

Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.367–395, p.387

4561: 3719: 3499: 3371: 3297: 3285: 3281: 2609: 2527: 2438: 2369: 2146: 2101: 2097: 2076: 1747: 1679: 1624: 1508:, and tank and aerial attacks, while Palestinians engaged in 1494: 1247: 1116:

On 12 November, days after the hostilities had ended, Israel

1053: 1029: 1013: 990: 927: 777: 699: 688: 633: 561: 525: 335: 310: 236: 27:

Self-governing Palestinian territory next to Egypt and Israel

15847: 12980:. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. 11758: 11756: 11754: 11116:"Analyst: Gaza becomes the biggest open-air prison on earth" 10080:"IDF official rejects claims of humanitarian crisis in Gaza" 7521:

Internal fight: Palestinian abuses in Gaza and the West Bank

6572: 6570: 2823:

has likewise argued that the Gaza Strip can be considered a

2183:, referred to as "hamra". The three ridges are separated by 1612: 993:) was established to administer various refugee programmes. 683:(PA) as a limited governing authority, initially led by the 89:

https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip/

19272: 19233: 19228: 18964: 18874: 18839: 18794: 18789: 18698: 15575: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11670: 9891:"Australian Government: Listing of Terrorism Organisations" 9732:

Ideology and Practice: The Legal System in Gaza under Hamas

9024: 8823:

Milena Vaselinovic and Oren Liebermann (28 February 2019).

8311: 4675:

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (6 September 2024).

3555:

List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine

3300: 3273: 2419: 2184: 2131: 1908:

United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel

1790: 1078:

Palestinians in an outdoor market in the Gaza Strip in 1956

1021: 982: 608:, is a small territory located on the eastern coast of the 567: 14317:

New Gaza Crossing Raises Questions About Blockade Policies

12780:‘A Message to Israel: Time to Stop Playing the Victim Role 12769:

Palgrave Macmillan, 2014 p.203 – Lauren Booth's expression

12332:"Rafah crossing closed after Egypt violence – Middle East" 10210:. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). 8706:"The recent violence at the Gaza-Israel border, explained" 7539:"Mubarak calls Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip a 'coup'" 7514: 7339:, By Ibrahim Barzak, Associated Press Writer, 15 May 2007. 6652:

Cohen, Samy (2010). "Botched Engagement in the Intifada".

6623: 6621: 5313:"U.S. aid official says famine has begun in northern Gaza" 5185:

Havens Are Few, if Not Far, for Palestinians in Gaza Strip

5005:. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). 4354:. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). 4036:)-period houses, Hellenistic emporium, Byzantine cemetery. 3698:, many of Gaza's hospitals have sustained serious damage. 2138:

coastline. Al Deira beach is a popular venue for surfers.

1850:

subsequently fired a greater number of rockets into Israel

1544: 713:

The restrictions on movement and goods in Gaza imposed by

667:, Israel captured and occupied the Gaza Strip, initiating 12743:

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11751: 8033:"MIDEAST: Attack on Water Brings Sanitation Crisis – IPS" 7799:

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7742:

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7656:"Gaza source: Hamas planned border wall blast for months" 6567: 5686:"Ideological Change and Israel's Disengagement from Gaza" 5238:

Arab Cultural Studies: History, Politics and the Popular,

3884:

From 1920 to 1948, the Gaza Strip hosted sections of the

3029:

in Egypt, the border crossing was closed 'indefinitely.'

2849:

region of Gaza in August 2014, after Israeli bombardments

2303:

government was approved by Gaza-based Hamas MPs from the

1396: 558: 240: 16655:

Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide

15980:

Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide

14652:"Gaza Strip explained: Who controls it and what to know" 11667: 11444:"A new era of sovereignty in Gaza - Gaza: After the war" 10012:, AFP, (via SBS World News Australia), 13 November 2007. 8301:'Mashal: Hamas was behind murder of three Israeli teens' 8215:"Palestinian unity government sworn in by Mahmoud Abbas" 6473:

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4068:, Mamluk period with both older and more recent elements 3575: 1648:

2007. 160 Palestinians killed each other in June alone.

1293:

between Egypt and Gaza is 11 kilometres (7 miles) long.

914:, the area was controlled since the 16th century by the 13499:

by the Middle East Research Institute, 22 October 2010.

12896:

http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdb62d3_en.pdf

12358:

Israeli military admits destroying Gaza crops on border

11878:

Abbas: Egypt Right to Create Buffer Zone on Gaza Border

11764:

The Gaza Strip: The Humanitarian Impact of the Blockade

10809:

Israel May Stop Supplying Water and Electricity to Gaza

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Photos of healthcare workers in Gaza killed during the

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The territorial boundaries were established while Gaza

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Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence

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B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities 29.9.2000–15.1.2005

6592:"Lessons of the Gaza Security Fence for the West Bank" 6378: 6376: 5812: 3215:

Israeli soldiers check Palestinian men in Gaza in 1969

3207:

Israeli policies following Israeli military occupation

2714: 1097:

After some street-fighting with Egyptian soldiers and

1056:

and dissolved in 1959 by decree of Egyptian President

949: 19516: 13888:. World Health Organization. 11 May 2012. p. 2. 13435:

Hamas Bans Women Dancers, Scooter Riders in Gaza Push

12668:"Australia MPs: Gaza is world's largest outdoor jail" 12528:

My Visit to Gaza, the World's Largest Open-Air Prison

12379:

Israel spraying toxins over Palestinian crops in Gaza

10253:

International Law and the Classification of Conflicts

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David M. Halbfinger, Iyad Abuheweila, Jugal K.Patel

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International Law and the Classification of Conflicts

3099:

An anonymous Israeli analyst has called it "Israel's

2265:

from destroyed buildings" (of the Israel–Hamas war).

2068:

singing "We return to Gush Katif" to Israeli troops.

2021:

Israeli soldiers in the Gaza Strip on 31 October 2023

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Psychological Warfare [in the Arab–Israeli Conflict,

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14517:

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14380:"The monasteries of Gaza: An archaeological review" 13698:"Hamas-Run Schools in Gaza Set Out to Teach Hebrew" 11926:"Red Cross: Israel trapping 1.5m Gazans in despair" 11703:

Israeli forces release 5 detained fishermen in Gaza

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11506: 11504: 10354:, International Security 37(2):44-80 · October 2012 8646: 8407: 7264:. Ibrahim Barzak, Associated Press, 31 January 2007 7243:, Sarah El Deeb, Associated Press, 9 December 2006. 6656:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 73–91. 6466: 6464: 6373: 6319: 5916: 5874: 5824: 5746:Gardus, Yehuda; Shmueli, Avshalom, eds. (1978–79). 3772:was established by Jawdat N. Khoudary in 2008. The 3537:, which is the oldest in Gaza, on 19 October 2023. 2457:The enclave is divided into five governorates: the 2053:As of 21 December 2023, according to the 1863: 1582:. The Gaza Strip was left under the control of the 1338:. The uprising lasted from December 1987 until the 555: 14374: 11648: 11646: 11644: 10460:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law – 2010, 9484: 9175:"Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live Tracker" 8578: 8120: 8118: 7798: 7744:"Israelis Say Strikes Against Hamas Will Continue" 6321: 5957: 5269:..." including lifting of the blockade in Gaza..." 5137: 5135: 4288:Beaule, Victoria; Ferris, Layla (5 January 2024). 3962:Blockade of the Gaza Strip § Border crossings 2632:, and a significant number of legal commentators ( 1086:(IDF) attacked Egyptian and Palestinian forces at 12967: 12609:Watt, Nicholas; Sherwood, Harrie (27 July 2010). 12413:Gaza Crossings’ Operations Status: Monthly Update 12115:, Christian Science Monitor, 2 June 2010 (page 2) 11872: 11870: 11716: 11477:"Tel Aviv Diary: The tragedy of the Palestinians" 10386: 10357: 10212:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010 10138: 10136: 9791:"Hamas growing in military stature, say analysts" 9031:Fabian, Emanuel; Magid, Jacob (16 October 2023). 8942:"Israel-Hamas War: Timeline and key developments" 7741: 7358:By Sarah El Deeb, Associated Press, 14 May 2007; 7134:, International Herald Tribune, 25 January 2006. 5007:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010 4356:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010 4258: 3936:opened in November 1998 after the signing of the 2253:; and depletion and contamination of underground 2130:bloc of Israeli settlements used to exist on the 1999:Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present) 1854:open conflict between Israel and the Palestinians 1729: 1223:international agencies struggled to respond" and 1134: 710:the next year, subsequently warring with Israel. 19564: 14416:, AFP, 25 January 2022. 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Jack Khoury and Reuters, Haaretz, 28 May 2015 11641: 10887: 10168: 10166: 10116: 10114: 9759:"Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy" 8640: 8356: 8115: 7461:. Btselem.org. 12 November 2007. Archived from 5132: 4319:Michaeli, Yarden; Scharf, Avi (28 March 2024). 4133:. Byzantine-period monastic remains, including 4020:Category:Archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip 3245:Map of the Gaza Strip in March 1999. The major 2553:The international community regards all of the 2433:have been using as part of their name the term 2003:Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip 1785:Buildings damaged during the 2008-2009 Gaza war 1684:Palestinian authority national unity government 1607:cut off direct aid to the Palestinian Authority 1184:population between 1967 and 1968. In 1970-1971 630:most densely populated territories in the world 17829: 14454: 13382: 13380: 12389:. Belal Aldabbour, Al Jazeera, 19 January 2016 12206: 12204: 12202: 12200: 11984:"Position paper on the naval blockade on Gaza" 11956: 11867: 10792:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 10133: 7892:"Analysis: A moral evaluation of the Gaza War" 7379:Israel attacks in Gaza amid factional violence 6960:"Gaza Crossing:Choked Passages to Frustration" 6897: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5402: 4645: 4318: 3284:souvenirs. The main agricultural products are 2359: 1984: 1349:The intifada began on 9 December 1987, in the 1278:On 26 March 1979, Israel and Egypt signed the 1032:. It was not recognized by any other country. 717:date back to the early 1990s. In 2005, Israel 655:, and it became a refuge for Palestinians who 75:https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14 19182: 18679: 18373: 17966: 17815: 17664: 15876: 14709: 14321:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 14240:"Ancient Gaza roadway still a vital resource" 13646:. Ipsnews.net. 24 August 2010. 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Mosaic of David playing the lyre now in 4028:digs, including Graeco-Roman port city of 3998:satellite programs, broadcast TV from the 3498:, Hamas campaigned for the wearing of the 2344:in 2024 with a score of 0.136 out of one. 2336:Gaza Strip was ranked 6th least electoral 1919:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1250:and the Egyptian border on a spot where a 887: 873: 626:Palestinian refugees and their descendants 197: 187: 177: 17395:Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip 16984:Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library 16707:Great Mosque of Gaza (Great Omari Mosque) 15936:Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula 14231: 14073:Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023) 13670:"Gaza families shut down UN summer camps" 13363: 11512:Grounded in Gaza, but hoping to fly again 10738: 10077: 8855:"The Toll of War on Palestinians in Gaza" 8268: 7483: 7477: 6951: 6328:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. 6211: 6209: 4514: 4473: 3860:Learn how and when to remove this message 3731:Taysir Batniji (who lives in France) and 3622:and the IUG Faculty of Medicine buildings 3249:were the blue-shaded regions of this map. 3072:, and politicians and diplomats, such as 2480: 1744:Hamas destroyed several parts of the wall 1566:'s urban center and the largest community 760:. More than 70% of Gaza's population are 719:unilaterally withdrew its military forces 124:Learn how and when to remove this message 14636:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 14567: 13797: 13721:"University College of Applied Sciences" 13148: 12726: 11610: 11522: 11474: 11346:"Opinion | Strengthen the State of Gaza" 11056:"No, Palestinians Can't Just Leave Gaza" 10931:"Gaza: Israel's 'Open-Air Prison' at 15" 10720: 10692:"CASE OF CHIRAGOV AND OTHERS v. ARMENIA" 10256:. 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For the governorate in Palestine, see 17093:Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital 15953:Gaza Subdistrict in Mandatory Palestine 14866:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 14819:Palestinian Declaration of Independence 14294: 14292: 14273:. Human Rights Watch. 11 January 2015. 14212: 13985: 13694: 13644:"This Math Class May Figure Out Israel" 13466: 13399: 13235: 11797:Peaceful march reaches Gaza buffer zone 10953: 10914: 10439:'Israel, Gaza & International Law,' 10246: 9751: 9439: 8728: 8432: 7602:. Al Jazeera English. 28 January 2008. 7484:Black, Ian; Tran, Mark (15 June 2007). 7349:Top Palestinian security official quits 7254:Palestinian Cease-Fire Holds on 1st Day 7192: 6926: 6488: 6439:"The accident that sparked an Intifada" 5906: 5904: 5787: 5781: 5684:Rynhold, Jonathan; Waxman, Dov (2008). 5554: 5552: 5282:"Gaza has suffered under 16 year siege" 5041: 4902: 4384: 3994:. 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Primary exports are citrus and 3149:Economy of the State of Palestine 2594:United Nations Special Rapporteur 2546:as an "indirect occupation". The 2198:The major river in Gaza Strip is 1820: 1471:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 1408:Palestine Liberation Organization 924:the region's international border 702:. Hamas would then take over the 434:365 km (141 sq mi) 19550: 19538: 19526: 19346: 19148: 19137: 19136: 18963: 18341: 18332: 18331: 17839: 17789:Palestine Polytechnic University 17633: 17632: 17385:History of the Jews in Gaza City 17281:Israeli unilateral disengagement 16996:Gaza Municipality Public Library 16863:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights 16816:Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church 16732:Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack 16029:Ashkelon § State of Israel 15829: 15610:Diplomatic missions in Palestine 15605:Diplomatic missions of Palestine 15595:Palestine and the United Nations 14407: 14384:Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity 14352: 14340:from the original on 11 May 2011 14326: 14259: 14167: 14141: 14090: 14063: 14032: 14004: 13979: 13961: 13937: 13907: 13873: 13847: 13825: 13791: 13765: 13739: 13713: 13688: 13662: 13636: 13610: 13565: 13533: 13502: 13482: 13447: 13396:New York Times, 5 September 2009 13338: 13276: 13209: 13187: 13139: 13130: 13121: 13112: 13103: 13094: 13085: 13034: 13024: 13015: 13006: 12941: 12908: 12887: 12868: 12835: 12814: 12704: 12685: 12659: 12633: 12602: 12583: 12564: 12541: 12520: 12491: 12470: 12425: 12371: 12324: 12294: 12269: 12178: 12157: 12099: 12073: 12047: 12028: 12007: 11918: 11891: 11846: 11818: 11809: 11790: 11742: 11695: 11604: 11571: 11468: 11436: 11403: 11370: 11337: 11306: 11267: 11228: 11198: 11168: 11108: 11078: 11048: 11018: 10988: 10881: 10855: 10825: 10814:(Report). 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Former British Prime Minister 2573:authorize Israel to control the 2431:Salafi-Jihadis operating in Gaza 2393:Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades 2037:, with Israeli Defense Minister 1864:2018–2019: Great March of Return 1641:Fatah-Hamas coalition government 1576:Agreement on Movement and Access 1454:The Second Intifada was a major 1234:Israeli soldiers in Gaza in 1969 1037:Israel–Egypt Armistice Agreement 918:; in 1906, the Ottomans and the 817: 804: 791: 551: 461:5,967.5/km (15,455.8/sq mi) 159: 52: 19196: 18516:States with limited recognition 16886:Capital punishment in Palestine 16852:Palestinian Legislative Council 15110:Palestinian National Initiative 15052:Palestinian Preventive Security 14994:Palestinian Legislative Council 14423: 13590:Knell, Yolande (12 June 2015). 13509:Silver, Eric (8 October 2007). 12713:The New A-Z of the Middle East, 12666:Zieve, Tamara (15 March 2013). 12081:"Diskin: No aid crisis in Gaza" 11533:Years of delays at Gaza airport 11280:. 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Lexington Books. p. 44. 4232: 4048:, with Crusader-period elements 3829:needs additional citations for 3393:ranking by total fertility rate 3360: 3168:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 2887:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 2626:UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza 2622:United Nations General Assembly 2305:Palestinian Legislative Council 1995:Outline of the Israel–Hamas war 1551:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 1246:, in the southwest corner near 940:partition of the Ottoman Empire 612:; it is the smaller of the two 19078:British Indian Ocean Territory 18299:British Indian Ocean Territory 17098:2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic 16898:Police in the Israel–Hamas war 16571:Governorates of the Gaza Strip 15890: 15330:Palestinian citizens of Israel 15142:Palestinian political violence 14632:Statistical Atlas of Palestine 14535:Byman, Daniel (15 June 2011). 13243:'Israel's War for Gaza's Gas,' 12853:Palgrave Macmillan, 2014 p.91. 12723:2nd ed. 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Iron Age rampart, Persian ( 4004:Israel Broadcasting Authority 3582:, the largest college in Gaza 3321:Natural gas in the Gaza Strip 3263: 3171:into a humanitarian problem. 3045:Rafah Border Crossing in 2012 2990:Tent camp, April 2009, after 2971:According to director of the 2389:Popular Resistance Committees 2354:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades 2268: 1967:2021: Israel–Palestine crisis 1844:militants, the IDF initiated 1789:On 27 December 2008, Israeli 1532:into Israel and the southern 1064:1956–1957: Israeli occupation 108:to identify unique citations. 17831:History of the Middle East 17759:An-Najah National University 17157:Rashad Shawa Cultural Center 16837:elsewhere in the Gaza Strip: 15287:Palestine Monetary Authority 14989:Palestinian National Council 14950:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash 12874:+972 Magazine, 30 June 2020 12832:Walter de Gruyter, 2012 p.26 12590:'Gaza is 'open-air prison',? 10220:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14 10025:. Mfa.gov.il. 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Jpost.com. 15 June 2010. 11854:"Look for Another Homeland" 11622:Regional Office Palestine. 11277:The Biggest Prison on Earth 10774:(inactive 21 August 2024). 9908:Joe Truzman (4 June 2021). 9446:MANAGEMENT PLAN- WADI GAZA 9422:Serie Correlación Geológica 6958:Myre, Greg (4 March 2006). 6692:Journal of Conflict Studies 5690:Political Science Quarterly 5476:Rand Corporation, 2007 p.79 5345:Arnon, Arie (Autumn 2007). 4619:. Oxford University Press. 4154: 3398: 3384:that time, mainly due to a 3092:. In 2014 French President 2398:Other factions include the 2360:Other groups and ideologies 2347: 1985:2023–2024: Israel–Hamas war 594: 10: 19604: 19082:British Overseas Territory 18695:Countries and dependencies 17716:Islamic University of Gaza 17701:Al-Azhar University – Gaza 17232:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 17127:Bisan City tourist village 17117:Gaza Museum of Archaeology 15948:All-Palestine Protectorate 15465:Postage stamps and history 14971:West Bank (SOP-controlled) 14365:. 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There was 1300: 1169: 1138: 1067: 970:and more specifically the 958:All-Palestine Protectorate 955: 903: 899: 29: 19460: 19420: 19355: 19344: 19204: 19122: 19095: 19064: 19048: 19027: 19014: 18972: 18961: 18705: 18583: 18537: 18514: 18396: 18327: 18286: 18246: 17988: 17846: 17837: 17739: 17686: 17630: 17462: 17435: 17431: 17360: 17356: 17311: 17268: 17247: 17220:Egypt-Palestine relations 17183: 17106: 17047: 16976: 16932: 16919:Economy of the Gaza Strip 16911: 16871: 16844: 16805: 16691: 16670: 16626: 16569: 16565: 16373:Jamal Abdel Nasser Street 16336: 16332: 16265: 15999: 15902: 15898: 15858: 15825: 15785: 15735: 15728: 15623: 15585: 15505: 15400:universities and colleges 15295: 15235: 15165: 15079:International recognition 15065: 15039: 15007: 14969: 14962: 14942: 14919: 14911:Dawson's Field hijackings 14901: 14841: 14834: 14732: 14689:Gaza Strip at Google Maps 14017:World Health Organization 13837:20 September 2016 at the 13811:World Health Organization 13749:. Cia.gov. Archived from 13059:. Routledge. p. 65. 12974:Meron Benvenisti (1984). 12488:. Gisha, 18 November 2015 12276:"Egypt Opens Gaza Border" 11547:. BBC News, 15 April 2005 10970:Norwegian Refugee Council 10772:10.1017/S1389135905003697 10740:10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1 10275:Gawerc, Michelle (2012). 9413:UBEID, Khalid F. (2013). 8306:16 September 2023 at the 6865:30 September 2021 at the 6751:10.1017/S0003975616000035 6043:Routledge, 2006 pp.74–75. 5637:"The Twelve Wars on Gaza" 5255:. OCHA. 20 January 2020. 5070:Gawerc, Michelle (2012). 4516:10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1 4475:10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1 4413:Gawerc, Michelle (2012). 4129:, archaeological site in 4072:Maiuma: Remains of Maiuma 4060:Inn of the Good Samaritan 3774:Al Qarara Cultural Museum 3738: 3679:World Health Organization 3609: 3571:lining up for class, 2009 3479: 3471: 3466: 3458: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3145:Economy of the Gaza Strip 3023:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 2798:Open University of Israel 2791:National Security Council 2729:Norwegian Refugee Council 2606:World Health Organization 2519:ranks Gaza as "not free". 2510: 2467:Deir al-Balah Governorate 2416:Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade 2412:Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades 2408:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 2327:Palestinian Authority law 1939:In late February 2019, a 1929:2018 Gaza border protests 1697:responded by declaring a 1590:Post-2006: Hamas takeover 1499:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 1479:Israeli opposition leader 1340:Madrid Conference of 1991 1280:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 930:. With the defeat of the 910:Historically part of the 816: 733:occupied by Israel under 663:. Later, during the 1967 651:at the conclusion of the 601:[qɪˈtˤɑːʕˈɣaz.za] 531: 521: 497: 479: 465: 455: 445: 438: 428: 421: 417: 402: 390: 386: 381: 369: 341: 326: 316: 306: 265: 213: 174: 156: 140: 38:. For the 2002 film, see 18:History of the Gaza Strip 18048:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 17680:Palestinian universities 16398:Unknown Soldier's Square 16230:al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya 15943:All-Palestine Government 15560:Palestine–Israel Journal 14638:(archived 24 April 2016) 14205:13 November 2012 at the 13459:10 February 2017 at the 13440:18 November 2015 at the 13286:. Un.org. Archived from 12410:. UN OCHA. Available at 12368:. MEMO, 31 December 2015 11802:20 November 2015 at the 11709:20 November 2015 at the 10721:Cuyckens, Hanne (2016). 10513:14 November 2015 at the 10421:29 December 2008 at the 9843:"Islamic Militant Group" 9729:Pelham, Nicolas (2010), 9617:"How powerful is Hamas?" 9390:. 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The eastern 1192:Between 1973 (after the 1166:1967: Israeli occupation 962:All-Palestine Government 693:electoral defeat in 2006 604:), also known simply as 19588:Palestinian territories 19040:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18309:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 17769:Bethlehem Bible College 17764:Arab America University 17754:Al-Quds Open University 17731:University of Palestine 17706:Al-Quds Open University 17055:Gaza Ministry of Health 16749:Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque 16418:Gaza City neighborhoods 16235:al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya 16225:al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya 15570:Palestinian Media Watch 15554:The Palestine Telegraph 14943:Hamas-Salafist conflict 14861:1948 Palestinian exodus 14856:1947–1949 Palestine war 14804:Palestinian nationalism 14679:Palestinian Territories 14485:Oxford University Press 14438:2 November 2022 at the 14430:Bregman, Ahron (2002). 13495:24 October 2010 at the 13392:19 January 2017 at the 13350:23 January 2009 at the 13241:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, 12849:2 November 2022 at the 12828:2 November 2022 at the 12807:2 November 2022 at the 12785:24 October 2017 at the 12762:2 November 2022 at the 12719:2 November 2022 at the 12595:31 October 2014 at the 12580:. B'tselem,12 May 2007. 12571:' Gaza:One Big Prison,' 12534:24 October 2015 at the 12464:31 October 2015 at the 12439:29 October 2015 at the 12419:16 October 2015 at the 12406:28 October 2015 at the 12385:19 January 2016 at the 12364:5 February 2016 at the 12288:The Wall Street Journal 12191:4 November 2023 at the 12041:9 December 2023 at the 11860:5 December 2021 at the 11688:17 October 2015 at the 11664:. BBC, 10 November 2010 11620:Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung 11564:4 November 2015 at the 10807:Bell, Avi (July 2014). 10579:26 October 2011 at the 10466:2 November 2022 at the 10401:5 February 2016 at the 10350:24 October 2019 at the 10329:2 November 2022 at the 10206:Sanger, Andrew (2011). 10126:15 October 2008 at the 9947:23 October 2023 at the 9035:. The Times of Israel. 8368:17 October 2023 at the 8281:10 October 2020 at the 7308:13 January 2014 at the 7260:20 October 2017 at the 6662:10.1057/9780230112971_6 6227:2 November 2022 at the 6196:22 January 2019 at the 6086:7 November 2023 at the 6039:2 November 2022 at the 6017:20 January 2012 at the 5774:2 November 2022 at the 5472:2 November 2022 at the 5412:12 January 2021 at the 5225:2 November 2022 at the 5172:24 October 2015 at the 5124:2 November 2022 at the 5001:Sanger, Andrew (2011). 4856:2 November 2022 at the 4798:2 November 2022 at the 4772:2 November 2022 at the 4350:Sanger, Andrew (2011). 4270:9 December 2020 at the 4161:Palestinian territories 4142:Archaeology collections 3976:Nitzana Border Crossing 3757:Speak Bird, Speak Again 3638:A study carried out by 2765:Palestinian territories 2676:Supreme Court of Israel 2563:UN Human Rights Council 2555:Palestinian territories 2447:Palestinian nationalism 2342:V-Dem Democracy indices 1954:crimes against humanity 1915:demonstrated peacefully 1463:Palestinian territories 1328:Palestinian territories 974:, tens of thousands of 782:Palestinian nationalism 673:Palestinian territories 640:on the east and north. 614:Palestinian territories 491:Palestine Standard Time 317:Official languages 19316:North Syria Federation 19098:Special administrative 19074:(Sovereign Base Areas) 18416:Bosnia and Herzegovina 17591:Nahida and Samar Anton 17368:Palestinian Christians 17237:Gaza smuggling tunnels 17137:Faisal Equestrian Club 16787:Sayed al-Hashim Mosque 16782:Katib al-Wilaya Mosque 16739:Sayed al-Hashim Mosque 16722:Katib al-Wilaya Mosque 16200:al-Masmiyya al-Saghira 15362:Costume and embroidery 15315:Palestinian Christians 14605:Varble, Derek (2003). 14520:. Palgrave Macmillan. 13197:. CNN. 18 October 2023 12957:11 August 2015 at the 12901:3 October 2020 at the 12811:SUNY Press, 2013 p.95. 12701:. Ynet, 20 August 2014 12697:1 January 2016 at the 12576:29 August 2014 at the 12334:. Al Jazeera English. 12111:19 August 2010 at the 12021:4 January 2017 at the 12002:Full version in Hebrew 11884:20 August 2015 at the 11839:2 October 2015 at the 11735:1 January 2016 at the 11238:The Punishment of Gaza 9915:FDD's Long War Journal 9875:. NCTC. Archived from 9820:Who are Islamic Jihad? 8553:"The truth about Gaza" 8445:7 October 2023 at the 8246:London Review of Books 6858:Schachter, J. (2010). 6596:Jerusalem Issue Briefs 6383:Lockman; Beinin (1989) 6091:London Review of Books 6081:Vengeful Pathologies,' 5964:. Metropolitan Books. 5560:"World Bank Open Data" 5205:13 August 2017 at the 4111:: see Tell Umm el-'Amr 4105:, Mamluk-period palace 3881: 3876:A damaged part of the 3805:PK Gaza (Gaza Parkour) 3722: 3711: 3674: 3623: 3583: 3572: 3415: 3380: 3250: 3216: 3162: 3046: 2994: 2911:Gaza Jericho Agreement 2850: 2789:, who headed Israel's 2700: 2543:International Security 2531: 2481:Legality of Hamas rule 2471:Khan Yunis Governorate 2459:North Gaza Governorate 2373: 2368:A rally in support of 2293: 2089: 2081: 2022: 2013:Gaza Strip evacuations 1945:independent commission 1936: 1879: 1813: 1786: 1758:In February 2008, the 1739: 1661: 1620: 1567: 1467:2000 Camp David Summit 1451: 1316: 1260:11 points in the Negev 1235: 1204: 1153: 1079: 745:has contributed to an 721:from Gaza, dismantled 632:. Gaza is bordered by 624:. Inhabited by mostly 616:, the other being the 104:Please consider using 19583:Enclaves and exclaves 19072:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18548:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18541:and other territories 17348:World Central Kitchen 17324:Gaza Freedom Flotilla 17291:2023 Israeli invasion 17213:Kerem Shalom crossing 17063:Al-Ahli Arab Hospital 17032:Samir Mansour Library 16924:Taxation in Palestine 16476:Al-Shati refugee camp 16195:al-Masmiyya al-Kabira 15963:Beersheba Subdistrict 14514:Seib, Philip (2012). 14443:. London: Routledge. 13775:. CIA. Archived from 13253:Le Monde diplomatique 13248:15 March 2015 at the 13053:Anne Le More (2008). 12739:18 March 2015 at the 12651:on 24 December 2014. 11783:29 March 2016 at the 11739:. IMEMC, 5 April 2011 10178:Amnesty International 10049:"Profile: Gaza Strip" 9970:Amnesty International 9942:Radical Islam In Gaza 9826:27 March 2009 at the 9664:Third World Quarterly 8500:22 April 2018 at the 8191:. WFP. Archived from 7170:. 22 September 2006. 6810:10.1353/sof.2006.0081 6392:18 April 2023 at the 6324:Israel's Fateful Hour 4826:28 April 2018 at the 4821:'The Gaza Bombshell,' 4565:. 25 September 2022. 4131:Nuseirat refugee camp 4026:Al-Shati refugee camp 3968:Kerem Shalom Crossing 3956:Land border crossings 3875: 3803:Further information: 3717: 3709: 3668: 3617: 3578: 3566: 3413:2023 Hamas–Israel war 3406: 3375:Palestinian girls in 3374: 3244: 3214: 3160: 3055:Rafah Border Crossing 3044: 2989: 2845: 2838:Control over airspace 2747:, Israeli journalist 2698: 2602:Amnesty International 2525: 2500:collective punishment 2488:Amnesty International 2367: 2291: 2216:hot semi-arid climate 2214:The Gaza Strip has a 2087: 2079: 2020: 1927: 1877: 1870:Great March of Return 1811: 1784: 1737: 1724:Rafah Border Crossing 1692:Palestinian President 1666:Battle of Gaza (2007) 1659: 1615: 1584:Palestinian Authority 1558: 1442: 1429:2000: Second Intifada 1336:1967 Arab–Israeli War 1310: 1233: 1202: 1152:visiting Gaza in 1959 1148: 1084:Israel Defense Forces 1077: 1068:Further information: 1047:(1956), Gaza and the 979:fled or were expelled 972:1948 Arab–Israeli War 766:Palestinian Christian 739:collective punishment 681:Palestinian Authority 657:fled or were expelled 653:1948 Arab–Israeli war 636:on the southwest and 628:, Gaza is one of the 515:Palestine Summer Time 291:31.51472°N 34.45417°E 66:The reason given is: 19333:United Arab Emirates 18940:United Arab Emirates 18223:United Arab Emirates 17935:United Arab Emirates 17774:Bethlehem University 17522:Al-Dalu family (12) 17301:Philadelphi Corridor 17083:Kamal Adwan Hospital 16767:Great Mosque of Gaza 16353:Streets in Gaza City 15227:World Heritage Sites 15222:Depopulated villages 14921:Fatah–Hamas conflict 14799:Slavery in Palestine 14607:The Suez Crisis 1956 14363:University of London 14128:28 June 2017 at the 13747:"The World Factbook" 13549:. 15 February 2008. 13365:Rubenberg, Cheryl A. 12553:3 April 2015 at the 12484:6 March 2016 at the 12125:Sara M. Roy (2016). 11843:. Gisha, August 2015 11770:17 July 2015 at the 11713:. Ma'an, 4 June 2015 11660:24 June 2017 at the 11539:8 March 2006 at the 11235:Gideon Levy (2010). 10839:. 28 February 2018. 10630:. 19 February 1948. 10556:6 March 2012 at the 10533:21 June 2010 at the 10444:14 July 2015 at the 10392:See the short video 9658:Burton, Guy (2012). 9181:. 21 November 2023. 8797:. 28 February 2019. 8558:18 June 2018 at the 8217:. BBC. 2 June 2014. 7928:. 27 December 2009. 7832:Mozgovaya, Natasha. 7399:"Hamas Blames World" 7362:, BBC, 14 May 2007. 7354:2 April 2015 at the 7150:29 June 2011 at the 6871:Strategic Assessment 6843:Strategic Assessment 5940:29 June 2013 at the 5596:Sara M. Roy (2016). 5564:World Bank Open Data 4090:Monastery of Seridus 4066:Great Mosque of Gaza 3986:Television and radio 3942:Wye River Memorandum 3901:in the south to the 3838:improve this article 3409:Great Mosque of Gaza 3386:total fertility rate 3176:population densities 3082:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 2733:Gaza-Israel conflict 2679:no longer occupied. 2561:has declared at the 2247:water-borne diseases 2055:Gaza Health Ministry 1935:refugee camp in Gaza 1896:Palestinian refugees 1884:a series of protests 1840:by Hamas-affiliated 1777:Gaza War (2008–2009) 1760:Israel–Gaza conflict 1670:Fatah–Hamas conflict 1596:Fatah–Hamas conflict 1297:1987: First Intifada 1291:Philadelphi corridor 1268:economic growth rate 1099:Palestinian fedayeen 976:Palestinian refugees 906:History of Gaza City 776:than that of nearby 762:Palestinian refugees 758:population densities 499:• Summer ( 447:• 2024 estimate 18975:States with limited 18250:limited recognition 17639:Category:Gaza Strip 17203:Gaza-Israel barrier 17073:Al-Rantisi Hospital 16958:Al-Azhar University 16854:(destroyed in 2023) 16833:Gaza Baptist Church 16378:Omar Mukhtar Street 16055:al-Batani al-Sharqi 16050:al-Batani al-Gharbi 15925:Khan Yunis massacre 15803:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar) 15484:Religious buildings 15157:Anti-Palestinianism 14843:Israeli–Palestinian 14224:11 May 2011 at the 13753:on 28 February 2018 13373:. pp. 230–231. 13290:on 17 December 2007 12881:7 July 2020 at the 12678:on 8 January 2015. 12281:9 July 2017 at the 12171:18 May 2019 at the 12057:. 21 October 2011. 11971:on 14 October 2013. 11964:Middle East Monitor 11692:. PCHR, 11 May 2015 11417:The Times of Israel 11274:Ilan Pappe (2017). 11212:. 11 October 2023. 11152:. 13 October 2023. 11122:. 12 October 2023. 11092:. 12 October 2023. 11062:. 12 October 2023. 10937:. 12 October 2023. 10664:. 18 October 1907. 10429:, 27 December 2008. 10180:. 19 January 2009. 9972:. 24 October 2007. 9897:on 26 January 2014. 9879:on 16 October 2014. 9451:5 June 2022 at the 9211:. 12 January 2024. 8473:17 May 2018 at the 8452:The Times of Israel 8438:Khaled Abu Toameh, 8165:. 30 January 2009. 8132:. 20 January 2009. 7689:. 23 January 2008. 7384:9 June 2007 at the 7366:11 May 2011 at the 7079:"Philadelphi Route" 6686:Kober, Avi (2007). 6445:. 4 December 2011. 6155:pp.137-158, p.144. 6055:Middle East Journal 5752:Ministry of Defense 5438:. 10 October 2023. 5354:Middle East Journal 5191:8 July 2017 at the 4941:. 12 October 2023. 3938:Oslo II Accord 3710:Gaza amusement park 3633:Human Poverty Index 2992:Operation Cast Lead 2665:military occupation 2648:, Marc S. Kaliser, 2202:, around which the 2100:, near the city of 2048:humanitarian crisis 1888:Israel–Gaza barrier 1771:2008–2009: Gaza War 1703:PNA security forces 1425:in September 2000. 1419:Gaza–Israel barrier 1264:Morrison-Grady Plan 1242:bloc in the Strip, 1103:an alleged massacre 944:Mandatory Palestine 938:and the subsequent 691:until that party's 620:, that make up the 287: / 68:DuplicateReferences 19440:Metropolitan areas 17982:Geography of Asia 17779:Birzeit University 17749:Al-Quds University 17696:Al-Aqsa University 17336:Antony Loewenstein 17329:Gaza flotilla raid 17286:Israeli occupation 16968:Al-Aqsa University 16963:Islamic University 16797:Umm al-Nasr Mosque 16358:Ahmad Orabi Street 15075:State of Palestine 14668:The World Factbook 14609:. London: Osprey. 14475:Filiu, Jean-Pierre 14376:Hirschfeld, Yizhar 14319:, Neri Zilber for 14301:. Jacob Magid for 14181:on 18 October 2023 14155:on 18 October 2023 14135:The New York Times 13994:The New York Times 13950:5 May 2008 at the 13861:on 14 October 2007 13844:13 September 2016. 13779:on 7 February 2018 13703:The New York Times 13650:on 10 October 2010 13624:on 1 December 2010 13221:Human Rights Watch 12503:The New York Times 12312:on 25 October 2014 11990:on 16 January 2012 11906:on 1 December 2023 11032:. 7 October 2023. 11002:. 9 October 2023. 10935:Human Rights Watch 10587:, 22 January 2008. 10202:Multiple sources: 10055:. 6 January 2009. 10029:on 11 October 2007 9822:BBC. 9 June 2003. 9271:. 8 January 2024. 9241:. 5 January 2024. 9008:. 9 October 2023. 8978:. 9 October 2023. 8740:The Jerusalem Post 8588:The New York Times 8540:The Jerusalem Post 8533:The Jerusalem Post 8527:5 May 2018 at the 8507:The New York Times 8479:The New York Times 8039:on 4 December 2010 7983:The Jerusalem Post 7806:The New York Times 7780:on 22 January 2013 7748:The New York Times 7525:Human Rights Watch 7517:Human Rights Watch 7281:on 6 February 2007 7200:The New York Times 7168:The New York Times 7081:. Reut Institute. 6996:. 6 January 2009. 6964:The New York Times 6443:The Jerusalem Post 5288:. 7 October 2023. 5286:The New York Times 5141:Multiple sources: 4711:has generic name ( 4681:www.britannica.com 4276:The New York Times 4209:State of Palestine 4095:Mukheitim site in 4042:, Byzantine period 3972:Erez Crossing 3946:Gush Katif Airport 3886:Palestine Railways 3882: 3723: 3712: 3702:Culture and sports 3675: 3673:, 25 November 2023 3652:CARE International 3644:Al-Quds University 3624: 3584: 3573: 3416: 3381: 3343:Human Rights Watch 3251: 3217: 3195:goods following a 3163: 3127:and Arab leaders. 3121:Robert S. Wistrich 3117:concentration camp 3047: 3037:Movement of people 3003:Gaza flotilla raid 2995: 2851: 2725:Human Rights Watch 2701: 2559:Human Rights Watch 2535:Israeli occupation 2532: 2374: 2294: 2229:Environment issues 2176:with red-coloured 2090: 2082: 2027:Al-Qassam Brigades 2023: 1979:Another escalation 1937: 1880: 1858:Israeli airstrikes 1814: 1799:over 3,000 in 2008 1787: 1740: 1699:state of emergency 1662: 1645:Moussa Abu Marzouk 1621: 1568: 1452: 1445:IDF Caterpillar D9 1412:a second agreement 1371:throwing of stones 1359:civil disobedience 1317: 1240:Israeli settlement 1236: 1205: 1154: 1122:Rafah refugee camp 1080: 1058:Gamal Abdul Nasser 968:1948 Palestine war 704:governance of Gaza 661:1948 Palestine war 622:State of Palestine 470:Israeli new shekel 406:Head of government 328:Ethnic groups 296:31.51472; 34.45417 254:occupied territory 248:State of Palestine 77:(refs: 4, 22, 205) 19514: 19513: 19508: 19507: 19164: 19163: 19091: 19090: 18661: 18660: 18390:Mediterranean Sea 18355: 18354: 18292:other territories 17948: 17947: 17797: 17796: 17784:Hebron University 17646: 17645: 17626: 17625: 17427: 17426: 17373:Palestinian clans 17296:Netzarim Corridor 17152:Palestine Stadium 17147:Al-Andalusia mall 17078:Al-Shifa Hospital 16950:Christian schools 16940:Education in Gaza 16777:Ibn Uthman Mosque 16772:Ibn Marwan Mosque 16757:Abu Khadra Mosque 16717:Ibn Uthman Mosque 16712:Ibn Marwan Mosque 16678:Gaza War Cemetery 16622: 16621: 16561: 16560: 16461:Al-Saha (As-Saha) 16388:Salah al-Din Road 16328: 16327: 16135:Iraq al-Manshiyya 16025:Al-Majdal Asqalan 15995: 15994: 15845: 15844: 15821: 15820: 15755:Afro-Palestinians 15548:Ma'an News Agency 15426:Mental healthcare 15406:Flag of Palestine 15085:Political parties 15035: 15034: 14958: 14957: 14871:First Lebanon War 14616:978-1-84176-418-4 14548:978-0-19-983045-9 14494:978-0-190-20191-3 14466:978-0-415-32761-9 14449:978-0-415-28716-6 14083:978-1-68393-379-3 14045:monthlyreview.org 13842:Ma'an News Agency 13799:Guterres, António 13477:Los Angeles Times 13223:. 21 October 2023 13168:978-1-4020-5986-5 13066:978-1-134-05233-2 12987:978-0-8447-3545-0 12513:violent extremism 12138:978-0-88728-321-5 10972:. 26 April 2018. 10263:978-0-19-965775-9 10229:978-90-6704-811-8 10002:on 13 August 2007 9535:on 7 October 2018 9468:. 16 April 2023. 8976:www.aljazeera.com 8917:. 8 August 2022. 8887:. 9 August 2022. 8742:. 31 March 2018. 8391:Los Angeles Times 8314:, 22 August 2014. 8291:, 21 August 2014. 8242:"Hamas's Chances" 7527:. pp. 14–15. 6914:14 April 2013 at 6671:978-1-349-28896-0 6404:Michael Omer-Man 6153:978-1-786-60580-1 6126:978-1-474-43759-2 5987:, p. 99-100. 5971:978-0-8050-7347-8 5913:. New York Times. 5609:978-0-88728-321-5 5499:978-0-520-29571-1 5198:Alistair Dawber, 5058:978-0-19-965775-9 5024:978-90-6704-811-8 4789:Tristan Dunning, 4626:978-0-19-885309-1 4401:978-0-19-965775-9 4373:978-90-6704-811-8 4196:Netzarim Corridor 4117:, Bronze Age tell 3992:personal computer 3980:Salah al-Din Gate 3950:Israeli Air Force 3895:Salah al-Din Road 3870: 3869: 3862: 3784:in October 2023. 3484: 3483: 3315:Natural resources 3180:Per capita income 3161:Backyard industry 3094:François Hollande 3068:to NGOs, such as 3066:Lawrence Weschler 2938:smuggling tunnels 2475:Rafah Governorate 2189:alluvial deposits 2164:(wind deposited) 2088:Gaza City in 2018 1900:allowed to return 1812:Gaza City in 2012 1660:Gaza City in 2007 1572:Philadelphi Route 1506:targeted killings 1448:armored bulldozer 1375:Molotov cocktails 1369:, and widespread 1287:Philadelphi Route 1203:Gaza City in 1967 1129:Jean-Pierre Filiu 1118:killed 111 people 897: 896: 841: 735:international law 610:Mediterranean Sea 543: 542: 223:according to the 134: 133: 126: 84:(refs: 5, 6, 222) 16:(Redirected from 19595: 19555: 19554: 19543: 19542: 19541: 19531: 19530: 19529: 19522: 19395:Modern conflicts 19350: 19191: 19184: 19177: 19168: 19167: 19152: 19140: 19139: 19100:regions of China 19035:Christmas Island 19025: 19024: 18967: 18707:Sovereign states 18688: 18681: 18674: 18665: 18664: 18576: 18564: 18556: 18398:Sovereign states 18382: 18375: 18368: 18359: 18358: 18345: 18335: 18334: 18304:Christmas Island 17990:Sovereign states 17975: 17968: 17961: 17952: 17951: 17843: 17824: 17817: 17810: 17801: 17800: 17711:Israa University 17673: 17666: 17659: 17650: 17649: 17636: 17635: 17564:Abu Qouta family 17504:Zeitoun killings 17486:MV Rachel Corrie 17454:Rouzan al-Najjar 17433: 17432: 17390:Israeli settlers 17358: 17357: 17122:Al-Bustan resort 17088:Al-Awda Hospital 17068:Al-Aqsa Hospital 17040: 17028: 17016: 17004: 16992: 16792:Al-Shamah Mosque 16663: 16644:Qissariya Market 16634:Hamam al-Sammara 16567: 16566: 16383:Palestine Square 16334: 16333: 16267: 16266: 15988: 15970:Jerusalem Sanjak 15920:History of Hamas 15900: 15899: 15885: 15878: 15871: 15862: 15861: 15849: 15848: 15833: 15733: 15732: 14967: 14966: 14893:Israel–Hamas war 14839: 14838: 14718: 14711: 14704: 14695: 14694: 14659: 14646: 14620: 14601: 14599: 14597: 14564: 14562: 14560: 14531: 14510: 14508: 14506: 14470: 14417: 14411: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14372: 14366: 14356: 14350: 14349: 14347: 14345: 14330: 14324: 14314: 14308: 14296: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14235: 14229: 14216: 14210: 14197: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14186: 14171: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14145: 14139: 14120: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14109: 14094: 14088: 14087: 14067: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14056: 14036: 14030: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14008: 14002: 14001: 13991: 13983: 13977: 13976: 13971:. Archived from 13965: 13959: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13932: 13930: 13911: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13894: 13887: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13851: 13845: 13829: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13818: 13807: 13795: 13789: 13788: 13786: 13784: 13769: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13743: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13717: 13711: 13710: 13700: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13666: 13660: 13659: 13657: 13655: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13603: 13587: 13578: 13577: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13560: 13558: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13506: 13500: 13486: 13480: 13470: 13464: 13451: 13445: 13432: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13403: 13397: 13384: 13375: 13374: 13361: 13355: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13331: 13311: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13280: 13274: 13271:Rand Corporation 13262: 13256: 13255:, November 2012. 13239: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13191: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13152: 13146: 13143: 13137: 13134: 13128: 13125: 13119: 13116: 13110: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13092: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13078: 13050: 13041: 13038: 13032: 13028: 13022: 13019: 13013: 13010: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12971: 12965: 12945: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12934: 12912: 12906: 12891: 12885: 12872: 12866: 12860: 12854: 12839: 12833: 12818: 12812: 12796: 12790: 12776: 12770: 12754: 12748: 12730: 12724: 12708: 12702: 12689: 12683: 12682: 12674:. Archived from 12663: 12657: 12656: 12637: 12631: 12630: 12625:. Archived from 12606: 12600: 12587: 12581: 12568: 12562: 12545: 12539: 12524: 12518: 12517: 12509:on 8 July 2017. 12495: 12489: 12474: 12468: 12450: 12444: 12429: 12423: 12396: 12390: 12375: 12369: 12354: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12298: 12292: 12273: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12262: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12223: 12216: 12208: 12195: 12182: 12176: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12122: 12116: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12092: 12077: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12051: 12045: 12032: 12026: 12011: 12005: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11980: 11974: 11972: 11967:. Archived from 11954: 11948: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11934:. 29 June 2009. 11922: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11902:. Archived from 11895: 11889: 11874: 11865: 11850: 11844: 11831: 11825: 11822: 11816: 11813: 11807: 11794: 11788: 11760: 11749: 11746: 11740: 11725: 11714: 11699: 11693: 11678: 11665: 11650: 11639: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11628: 11617: 11608: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11597: 11575: 11569: 11554: 11548: 11529: 11520: 11508: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11472: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11410:Ahren, Raphael. 11407: 11401: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11374: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11341: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11299: 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11232: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11221: 11210:Business Insider 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11182:. 27 July 2010. 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11022: 11016: 11015: 11013: 11011: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10962: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10927: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10885: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10859: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10813: 10804: 10798: 10797: 10791: 10783: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10718: 10712: 10711: 10705: 10703: 10688: 10682: 10681: 10675: 10673: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10641: 10639: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10594: 10588: 10571: 10565: 10548: 10542: 10524: 10518: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10477: 10471: 10455: 10449: 10448:19 November 2012 10436: 10430: 10412: 10406: 10390: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10364: 10355: 10340: 10334: 10317: 10311: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10271: 10243: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10170: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10140: 10131: 10118: 10109: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10086:. Ynetnews.com. 10075: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10019: 10013: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9998:. Archived from 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9962: 9956: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9893:. Archived from 9887: 9881: 9880: 9865: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9839: 9830: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9770: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9713: 9711: 9655: 9649: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9613: 9607: 9606: 9601: 9599: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9554: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9519: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9488: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9462: 9456: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9061:. 2 March 2024. 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9006:Business Insider 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8803: 8792: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8580:Kershner, Isabel 8576: 8570: 8549: 8543: 8536:, 28 March 2018. 8518: 8512: 8491: 8485: 8482:, 13 April 2018. 8464: 8458: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8382: 8376: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8321: 8315: 8298: 8292: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8155: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8122: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8102: 8095: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8070: 8063: 8055: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8012: 8006:. Archived from 8005: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7985:. Archived from 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7958:on 10 March 2012 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7719:. 3 March 2008. 7709: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7679: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7662:on 28 April 2010 7658:. Archived from 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7576:. Archived from 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7515:Abrahams, Fred; 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7395: 7389: 7376: 7370: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7325:. Archived from 7319: 7313: 7298: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7277:. Archived from 7271: 7265: 7250: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7229:. Archived from 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7160: 7154: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7113:. 7 October 2023 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7045: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6933:The Boston Globe 6924: 6918: 6901: 6895: 6884: 6878: 6856: 6850: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6717: 6715: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6587: 6581: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6541: 6532: 6531: 6486: 6477: 6468: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6435: 6429: 6422: 6416: 6402: 6396: 6380: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6327: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6287: 6281: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6238: 6232: 6213: 6204: 6184: 6175: 6172:The Jordan Times 6162: 6156: 6135: 6129: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6094: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6022: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5988: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5963: 5950: 5944: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5899: 5893: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5821:, p. 71-72. 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5785: 5779: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5743: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5664: 5641: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5593: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5556: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5483: 5477: 5461: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5426: 5417: 5404: 5377: 5376: 5375:on 30 June 2013. 5374: 5368:. Archived from 5351: 5342: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5311:Knutson, Jacob. 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5264: 5249: 5243: 5139: 5130: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5097: 5095: 5066: 5038: 4998: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4871: 4865: 4841: 4835: 4814: 4808: 4787: 4778: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4672: 4663: 4654:. 1998. p. 761. 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4518: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4477: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4409: 4381: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4327:. Archived from 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4296:. Archived from 4285: 4279: 4274:. Chris Hedges, 4262: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4224:Although Israel 4222: 4216: 4205: 4199: 4192: 4127:Tell Umm el-'Amr 3927:al-Aqsa Intifada 3865: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3822: 3814: 3696:Israel-Hamas war 3671:Israel–Hamas war 3512:Virtue Committee 3430: 3429: 3247:settlement blocs 3221:Meron Benvenisti 3115:compare it to a 3086:David Shoebridge 2821:Geoffrey Aronson 2638:Meron Benvenisti 2634:Geoffrey Aronson 2463:Gaza Governorate 2382:Al-Quds Brigades 2274:Hamas government 2251:soil degradation 2243:sewage treatment 2241:of fresh water; 1991:Israel–Hamas war 1962: 1510:suicide bombings 1485:compound on the 1460:Israeli-occupied 1458:uprising in the 1325:Israeli-occupied 1213:Security Cabinet 1007: 912:Palestine region 889: 882: 875: 837: 821: 810:Hamas government 808: 796: 795: 787: 786: 784:and resistance. 743:Israel–Hamas war 731:still considered 727:blockade of Gaza 679:established the 675:. The mid-1990s 603: 597: 591: 583: 582: 581: 580: 573: 570: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 512: 488: 412:Essam al-Da'alis 302: 301: 299: 298: 297: 292: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 243:since late 2023. 207: 201: 194: 191: 184: 181: 168:Palestinian flag 163: 151: 150: 149: 138: 137: 129: 122: 118: 115: 109: 106:named references 56: 55: 48: 36:Gaza Governorate 21: 19603: 19602: 19598: 19597: 19596: 19594: 19593: 19592: 19563: 19562: 19561: 19549: 19539: 19537: 19527: 19525: 19517: 19515: 19510: 19509: 19504: 19456: 19416: 19351: 19342: 19267:Northern Cyprus 19239:Iraqi Kurdistan 19200: 19195: 19165: 19160: 19133: 19118: 19102: 19099: 19087: 19060: 19044: 19021: 19018: 19010: 18991:Northern Cyprus 18979: 18976: 18968: 18959: 18701: 18692: 18662: 18657: 18643:Sea of Sardinia 18579: 18574: 18562: 18550: 18533: 18524:Northern Cyprus 18510: 18392: 18386: 18356: 18351: 18323: 18291: 18282: 18263:Northern Cyprus 18249: 18242: 17984: 17979: 17949: 17944: 17844: 17833: 17828: 17798: 17793: 17735: 17682: 17677: 17647: 17642: 17622: 17583:Samer Abu Daqqa 17458: 17423: 17352: 17307: 17264: 17243: 17185: 17179: 17108: 17102: 17043: 17034: 17022: 17010: 16998: 16986: 16972: 16928: 16907: 16893:Faiq al-Mabhouh 16873: 16867: 16840: 16801: 16727:Mahkamah Mosque 16687: 16666: 16657: 16618: 16557: 16368:Al-Jalla Street 16324: 16261: 16004: 16002: 15991: 15982: 15915:History of Gaza 15894: 15889: 15854: 15846: 15841: 15817: 15781: 15762:Christian Arabs 15724: 15619: 15587:Foreign affairs 15581: 15501: 15303: 15301: 15291: 15231: 15161: 15061: 15031: 15003: 14999:Judicial system 14954: 14938: 14915: 14903:Black September 14897: 14883:Second Intifada 14830: 14809:British Mandate 14770:Ayyubid Dynasty 14728: 14722: 14641: 14628: 14623: 14617: 14595: 14593: 14558: 14556: 14549: 14528: 14504: 14502: 14495: 14480:Gaza: A History 14467: 14440:Wayback Machine 14426: 14421: 14420: 14412: 14408: 14398: 14396: 14394: 14373: 14369: 14357: 14353: 14343: 14341: 14332: 14331: 14327: 14315: 14311: 14304:Times of Israel 14297: 14290: 14280: 14278: 14265: 14264: 14260: 14250: 14248: 14236: 14232: 14226:Wayback Machine 14217: 14213: 14207:Wayback Machine 14198: 14194: 14184: 14182: 14173: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14147: 14146: 14142: 14130:Wayback Machine 14121: 14117: 14107: 14105: 14096: 14095: 14091: 14084: 14068: 14064: 14054: 14052: 14037: 14033: 14023: 14021: 14010: 14009: 14005: 13984: 13980: 13975:on 1 June 2010. 13967: 13966: 13962: 13958:, 30 April 2008 13952:Wayback Machine 13942: 13938: 13928: 13926: 13913: 13912: 13908: 13898: 13896: 13892: 13885: 13879: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13862: 13853: 13852: 13848: 13839:Wayback Machine 13830: 13826: 13816: 13814: 13805: 13801:(17 May 2023). 13796: 13792: 13782: 13780: 13771: 13770: 13766: 13756: 13754: 13745: 13744: 13740: 13730: 13728: 13719: 13718: 13714: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13668: 13667: 13663: 13653: 13651: 13642: 13641: 13637: 13627: 13625: 13616: 13615: 13611: 13601: 13599: 13588: 13581: 13570: 13566: 13556: 13554: 13539: 13538: 13534: 13524: 13522: 13515:The Independent 13507: 13503: 13497:Wayback Machine 13487: 13483: 13471: 13467: 13461:Wayback Machine 13452: 13448: 13442:Wayback Machine 13433: 13426: 13416: 13414: 13405: 13404: 13400: 13394:Wayback Machine 13385: 13378: 13362: 13358: 13352:Wayback Machine 13343: 13339: 13329: 13327: 13314:Coghlan, Andy. 13312: 13303: 13293: 13291: 13282: 13281: 13277: 13263: 13259: 13250:Wayback Machine 13240: 13236: 13226: 13224: 13215: 13214: 13210: 13200: 13198: 13193: 13192: 13188: 13178: 13176: 13169: 13153: 13149: 13144: 13140: 13135: 13131: 13126: 13122: 13117: 13113: 13108: 13104: 13099: 13095: 13090: 13086: 13076: 13074: 13067: 13051: 13044: 13039: 13035: 13029: 13025: 13020: 13016: 13011: 13007: 12997: 12995: 12988: 12972: 12968: 12959:Wayback Machine 12946: 12942: 12932: 12930: 12913: 12909: 12903:Wayback Machine 12892: 12888: 12883:Wayback Machine 12873: 12869: 12861: 12857: 12851:Wayback Machine 12840: 12836: 12830:Wayback Machine 12819: 12815: 12809:Wayback Machine 12798:Jessica Whyte, 12797: 12793: 12787:Wayback Machine 12778:Philip Slater, 12777: 12773: 12764:Wayback Machine 12755: 12751: 12741:Wayback Machine 12731: 12727: 12721:Wayback Machine 12709: 12705: 12699:Wayback Machine 12690: 12686: 12664: 12660: 12639: 12638: 12634: 12607: 12603: 12597:Wayback Machine 12588: 12584: 12578:Wayback Machine 12569: 12565: 12555:Wayback Machine 12546: 12542: 12536:Wayback Machine 12525: 12521: 12497: 12496: 12492: 12486:Wayback Machine 12475: 12471: 12466:Wayback Machine 12451: 12447: 12441:Wayback Machine 12430: 12426: 12421:Wayback Machine 12408:Wayback Machine 12397: 12393: 12387:Wayback Machine 12376: 12372: 12366:Wayback Machine 12355: 12351: 12341: 12339: 12330: 12329: 12325: 12315: 12313: 12300: 12299: 12295: 12283:Wayback Machine 12274: 12270: 12260: 12258: 12241: 12237: 12227: 12225: 12224:on 26 July 2011 12221: 12214: 12210: 12209: 12198: 12193:Wayback Machine 12183: 12179: 12173:Wayback Machine 12162: 12158: 12148: 12146: 12139: 12123: 12119: 12113:Wayback Machine 12104: 12100: 12090: 12088: 12079: 12078: 12074: 12064: 12062: 12053: 12052: 12048: 12043:Wayback Machine 12033: 12029: 12023:Wayback Machine 12012: 12008: 11993: 11991: 11982: 11981: 11977: 11955: 11951: 11941: 11939: 11924: 11923: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11900:"Gaza Up Close" 11896: 11892: 11886:Wayback Machine 11875: 11868: 11862:Wayback Machine 11851: 11847: 11841:Wayback Machine 11832: 11828: 11823: 11819: 11814: 11810: 11804:Wayback Machine 11795: 11791: 11785:Wayback Machine 11772:Wayback Machine 11761: 11752: 11747: 11743: 11737:Wayback Machine 11726: 11717: 11711:Wayback Machine 11700: 11696: 11690:Wayback Machine 11679: 11668: 11662:Wayback Machine 11651: 11642: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11615: 11609: 11605: 11595: 11593: 11576: 11572: 11566:Wayback Machine 11555: 11551: 11541:Wayback Machine 11530: 11523: 11509: 11502: 11492: 11490: 11473: 11469: 11459: 11457: 11442: 11441: 11437: 11427: 11425: 11408: 11404: 11394: 11392: 11375: 11371: 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Verso Books. 11233: 11229: 11219: 11217: 11204: 11203: 11199: 11189: 11187: 11174: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11150:The Independent 11144: 11143: 11139: 11129: 11127: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11099: 11097: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11069: 11067: 11060:Washington Post 11054: 11053: 11049: 11039: 11037: 11024: 11023: 11019: 11009: 11007: 10994: 10993: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10964: 10963: 10954: 10944: 10942: 10929: 10928: 10915: 10905: 10903: 10886: 10882: 10872: 10870: 10861: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10844: 10831: 10830: 10826: 10818: 10811: 10805: 10801: 10785: 10784: 10752: 10748: 10719: 10715: 10701: 10699: 10690: 10689: 10685: 10671: 10669: 10656: 10655: 10651: 10637: 10635: 10622: 10621: 10617: 10607: 10605: 10596: 10595: 10591: 10581:Wayback Machine 10572: 10568: 10558:Wayback Machine 10549: 10545: 10535:Wayback Machine 10525: 10521: 10515:Wayback Machine 10504: 10500: 10490: 10488: 10479: 10478: 10474: 10468:Wayback Machine 10456: 10452: 10446:Wayback Machine 10437: 10433: 10423:Wayback Machine 10413: 10409: 10403:Wayback Machine 10391: 10387: 10377: 10375: 10374:on 14 July 2014 10366: 10365: 10358: 10352:Wayback Machine 10342:Jerome Slater, 10341: 10337: 10331:Wayback Machine 10318: 10314: 10298: 10296: 10289: 10264: 10239: 10236: 10230: 10201: 10197: 10187: 10185: 10172: 10171: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10141: 10134: 10128:Wayback Machine 10119: 10112: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10076: 10072: 10062: 10060: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10032: 10030: 10021: 10020: 10016: 10005: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9979: 9977: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9949:Wayback Machine 9939: 9935: 9925: 9923: 9906: 9902: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9867: 9866: 9862: 9852: 9850: 9841: 9840: 9833: 9828:Wayback Machine 9818: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9795:Middle East Eye 9789: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9768: 9761: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9742: 9740: 9727: 9723: 9709: 9707: 9656: 9652: 9638: 9636: 9615: 9614: 9610: 9597: 9595: 9582: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9556: 9555: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9521: 9520: 9511: 9501: 9499: 9498:. 26 April 2024 9490: 9489: 9485: 9475: 9473: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9453:Wayback Machine 9444: 9440: 9432: 9417: 9411: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9384: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9363:. 20 May 2021. 9355: 9354: 9350: 9340: 9338: 9331:Times of Israel 9323: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9300:Times of Israel 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9263: 9262: 9258: 9248: 9246: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9203: 9202: 9198: 9188: 9186: 9173: 9172: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9119:Washington Post 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9083: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9029: 9025: 9015: 9013: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8938: 8934: 8924: 8922: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8879: 8878: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8853: 8852: 8848: 8838: 8836: 8821: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8790: 8786: 8785: 8781: 8771: 8769: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8620: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8560:Wayback Machine 8550: 8546: 8537: 8529:Wayback Machine 8519: 8515: 8502:Wayback Machine 8492: 8488: 8483: 8475:Wayback Machine 8465: 8461: 8456: 8455:, 9 April 2018. 8447:Wayback Machine 8437: 8433: 8423: 8421: 8406: 8402: 8383: 8379: 8370:Wayback Machine 8361: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8322: 8318: 8308:Wayback Machine 8299: 8295: 8283:Wayback Machine 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8213: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8157: 8156: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8124: 8123: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8068: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8042: 8040: 8031: 8030: 8026: 8016: 8014: 8013:on 8 March 2015 8010: 8003: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7989:on 11 May 2011. 7975: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7867:. Haaretz.com. 7861: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7696: 7694: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7665: 7663: 7654: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7609: 7607: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7583: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7482: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7412: 7410: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7386:Wayback Machine 7377: 7373: 7368:Wayback Machine 7356:Wayback Machine 7347: 7343: 7332: 7330: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7310:Wayback Machine 7299: 7295: 7284: 7282: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7262:Wayback Machine 7251: 7247: 7236: 7234: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7152:Wayback Machine 7142: 7138: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7047: 7046: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6956: 6952: 6942: 6940: 6925: 6921: 6902: 6898: 6885: 6881: 6867:Wayback Machine 6857: 6853: 6840: 6836: 6794: 6790: 6776: 6774: 6731: 6727: 6713: 6711: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6650: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6626: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6588: 6584: 6575: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6504:10.2307/2950709 6487: 6480: 6469: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6424:David McDowall, 6423: 6419: 6413:Wayback Machine 6403: 6399: 6394:Wayback Machine 6381: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6336: 6318: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6235: 6229:Wayback Machine 6214: 6207: 6198:Wayback Machine 6185: 6178: 6163: 6159: 6136: 6132: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6088:Wayback Machine 6078: 6074: 6051: 6047: 6041:Wayback Machine 6029: 6025: 6019:Wayback Machine 6010: 6006: 5998: 5991: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5951: 5947: 5942:Wayback Machine 5933: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5909: 5902: 5894: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5846:. Answers.com. 5842: 5841: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5803: 5801: 5786: 5782: 5776:Wayback Machine 5764: 5760: 5744: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5610: 5594: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5525:Humaid, Maram. 5523: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5500: 5484: 5480: 5474:Wayback Machine 5462: 5455: 5445: 5443: 5428: 5427: 5420: 5414:Wayback Machine 5405: 5380: 5372: 5366:10.3751/61.4.11 5349: 5343: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5262: 5260: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5227:Wayback Machine 5210:The Independent 5207:Wayback Machine 5193:Wayback Machine 5174:Wayback Machine 5156:Wayback Machine 5140: 5133: 5126:Wayback Machine 5111: 5107: 5093: 5091: 5084: 5067: 5059: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5025: 4999: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4973:. 18 May 2014. 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4931: 4930: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4901: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858:Wayback Machine 4842: 4838: 4828:Wayback Machine 4815: 4811: 4800:Wayback Machine 4788: 4781: 4774:Wayback Machine 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4727: 4720: 4708: 4707: 4698: 4697: 4690: 4688: 4673: 4666: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4627: 4611: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4495: 4491: 4454: 4450: 4436: 4434: 4427: 4410: 4402: 4382: 4374: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4331:on 1 April 2024 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4300:on 2 April 2024 4286: 4282: 4272:Wayback Machine 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4219: 4206: 4202: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4157: 4144: 4022: 4016: 3988: 3964: 3958: 3866: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3835: 3823: 3812: 3807: 3790: 3766: 3750:to its list of 3741: 3728: 3704: 3612: 3567:Schoolgirls in 3561: 3551: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3477: 3464: 3451: 3423:Arab Christians 3401: 3369: 3363: 3358: 3323: 3317: 3282:mother-of-pearl 3266: 3209: 3155: 3141: 3113:Giorgio Agamben 3090:Sir John Holmes 3039: 2953: 2947: 2880: 2859:Second Intifada 2840: 2777: 2717: 2579:territorial sea 2537: 2513: 2483: 2455: 2362: 2350: 2318:(PFLP) and the 2312:one-party state 2286: 2278:Main articles: 2276: 2271: 2255:water resources 2235:desertification 2231: 2212: 2074: 2015: 2005: 1989:Main articles: 1987: 1969: 1960: 1872: 1866: 1823: 1779: 1773: 1732: 1672: 1664:Main articles: 1654: 1598: 1592: 1580:Rafah Agreement 1578:, known as the 1553: 1547: 1437: 1435:Second Intifada 1431: 1423:Second Intifada 1399: 1379:general strikes 1305: 1299: 1256:Jewish Agency's 1174: 1168: 1143: 1137: 1111:Henry Labouisse 1072: 1066: 1049:Sinai Peninsula 1005: 1004:proclaimed the 964: 956:Main articles: 952: 908: 902: 893: 864: 863: 856: 849: 842: 835: 828: 790: 723:its settlements 590:قِطَاعُ غَزَّةَ 576: 575: 554: 550: 507: 504: 483: 472: 458: 448: 431: 408: 393: 376: 365: 295: 293: 289: 286: 281: 278: 276: 274: 273: 272: 252:Regarded as an 246:Claimed by the 209: 208: 202: 195: 192: 185: 182: 170: 165: 164: 152: 145: 143: 130: 119: 113: 110: 103: 102: 99: 98:(refs: 94, 246) 92: 85: 78: 71: 57: 53: 46: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19601: 19591: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19560: 19559: 19547: 19535: 19512: 19511: 19506: 19505: 19503: 19502: 19497: 19496: 19495: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19464: 19462: 19458: 19457: 19455: 19454: 19453: 19452: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19426: 19424: 19418: 19417: 19415: 19414: 19412:Water conflict 19409: 19407:Water politics 19404: 19399: 19398: 19397: 19392: 19382: 19381: 19380: 19370: 19365: 19363:Climate change 19359: 19357: 19353: 19352: 19345: 19343: 19341: 19340: 19335: 19330: 19325: 19324: 19323: 19318: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19297: 19296: 19289: 19275: 19270: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19242: 19241: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19210: 19208: 19202: 19201: 19194: 19193: 19186: 19179: 19171: 19162: 19161: 19159: 19158: 19146: 19132: 19131: 19128: 19124: 19123: 19120: 19119: 19117: 19116: 19111: 19105: 19103: 19096: 19093: 19092: 19089: 19088: 19086: 19085: 19075: 19068: 19066: 19065:United Kingdom 19062: 19061: 19059: 19058: 19052: 19050: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19042: 19037: 19031: 19029: 19022: 19015: 19012: 19011: 19009: 19008: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18982: 18980: 18973: 18970: 18969: 18962: 18960: 18958: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18711: 18709: 18703: 18702: 18691: 18690: 18683: 18676: 18668: 18659: 18658: 18656: 18655: 18653:Tyrrhenian Sea 18650: 18645: 18640: 18638:Sea of Marmara 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18589: 18587: 18581: 18580: 18578: 18577: 18565: 18557: 18544: 18542: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18531: 18526: 18520: 18518: 18512: 18511: 18509: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18402: 18400: 18394: 18393: 18385: 18384: 18377: 18370: 18362: 18353: 18352: 18350: 18349: 18339: 18328: 18325: 18324: 18322: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18295: 18293: 18284: 18283: 18281: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18254: 18252: 18244: 18243: 18241: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18065: 18060: 18055: 18050: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17994: 17992: 17986: 17985: 17978: 17977: 17970: 17963: 17955: 17946: 17945: 17943: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17853: 17847: 17845: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17827: 17826: 17819: 17812: 17804: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17745: 17743: 17737: 17736: 17734: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17692: 17690: 17684: 17683: 17676: 17675: 17668: 17661: 17653: 17644: 17643: 17631: 17628: 17627: 17624: 17623: 17621: 17620: 17615: 17612: 17609: 17604: 17601: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17585: 17580: 17577: 17574: 17569: 17566: 17561: 17558: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17542: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17512:Shurrab family 17509: 17506: 17501: 17498: 17495: 17490: 17489: 17488: 17478: 17475: 17472: 17466: 17464: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17456: 17451: 17448: 17443: 17439: 17437: 17429: 17428: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17421: 17420: 17419: 17414: 17404: 17403: 17402: 17397: 17387: 17382: 17381: 17380: 17370: 17364: 17362: 17354: 17353: 17351: 17350: 17345: 17344: 17343: 17333: 17332: 17331: 17321: 17315: 17313: 17309: 17308: 17306: 17305: 17304: 17303: 17298: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17272: 17270: 17266: 17265: 17263: 17262: 17257: 17251: 17249: 17245: 17244: 17242: 17241: 17240: 17239: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17225:Rafah crossing 17217: 17216: 17215: 17210: 17200: 17195: 17189: 17187: 17181: 17180: 17178: 17177: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17132:Al Deira Hotel 17129: 17124: 17119: 17112: 17110: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17060: 17057: 17051: 17049: 17045: 17044: 17042: 17041: 17029: 17017: 17005: 16993: 16980: 16978: 16974: 16973: 16971: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16936: 16934: 16930: 16929: 16927: 16926: 16921: 16915: 16913: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16889: 16888: 16877: 16875: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16848: 16846: 16842: 16841: 16839: 16838: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16824: 16823: 16813: 16809: 16807: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16751: 16746: 16744:Sham'ah Mosque 16741: 16736: 16735: 16734: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16695: 16693: 16689: 16688: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16672: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16664: 16652: 16650:Gaza synagogue 16646: 16641: 16636: 16630: 16628: 16624: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16617: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16575: 16573: 16563: 16562: 16559: 16558: 16556: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16513: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16447: 16446: 16441: 16439:Zaytun Quarter 16431: 16426: 16421: 16414: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16350: 16342: 16340: 16330: 16329: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16275: 16273: 16263: 16262: 16260: 16259: 16258: 16257: 16252: 16250:Tall al-Turmus 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16017: 16009: 16007: 15997: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15990: 15989: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15966: 15965: 15960: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15939: 15938: 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15906: 15904: 15896: 15895: 15888: 15887: 15880: 15873: 15865: 15859: 15856: 15855: 15843: 15842: 15840: 15839: 15826: 15823: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15789: 15787: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15758: 15757: 15752: 15741: 15739: 15730: 15726: 15725: 15723: 15722: 15717: 15716: 15715: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15629: 15627: 15621: 15620: 15618: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15591: 15589: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15579: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15509: 15507: 15503: 15502: 15500: 15499: 15498: 15497: 15487: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15430: 15429: 15428: 15423: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15373: 15372: 15371: 15359: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15306: 15304: 15296: 15293: 15292: 15290: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15260:Stock Exchange 15257: 15255:Communications 15252: 15247: 15241: 15239: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15177: 15171: 15169: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15133: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15082: 15071: 15069: 15063: 15062: 15060: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15043: 15041: 15037: 15036: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15017:Prime Minister 15013: 15011: 15005: 15004: 15002: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14979:Prime Minister 14975: 14973: 14964: 14960: 14959: 14956: 14955: 14953: 14952: 14946: 14944: 14940: 14939: 14937: 14936: 14931: 14929:Battle of Gaza 14925: 14923: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14913: 14907: 14905: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14878:First Intifada 14875: 14874: 14873: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14847: 14845: 14836: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14828: 14827: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14789:Modern history 14785: 14784: 14783: 14782: 14780:Ottoman Empire 14777: 14775:Mamluk Dynasty 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14736: 14734: 14730: 14729: 14721: 14720: 14713: 14706: 14698: 14692: 14691: 14686: 14676: 14660: 14647: 14639: 14627: 14626:External links 14624: 14622: 14621: 14615: 14602: 14565: 14547: 14532: 14527:978-1137015747 14526: 14511: 14493: 14471: 14465: 14452: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14419: 14418: 14406: 14392: 14367: 14351: 14325: 14309: 14288: 14258: 14230: 14211: 14192: 14166: 14140: 14138:, 25 July 2008 14115: 14104:. 5 March 2007 14089: 14082: 14062: 14031: 14020:. 6 April 2024 14003: 13978: 13960: 13936: 13906: 13872: 13846: 13824: 13790: 13764: 13738: 13727:on 11 May 2011 13712: 13687: 13676:on 13 May 2013 13661: 13635: 13609: 13579: 13564: 13532: 13501: 13481: 13465: 13446: 13424: 13413:on 14 May 2011 13398: 13376: 13356: 13337: 13301: 13275: 13257: 13234: 13208: 13186: 13167: 13147: 13138: 13129: 13120: 13111: 13102: 13093: 13084: 13065: 13042: 13033: 13023: 13014: 13005: 12986: 12966: 12964:6 August 2015. 12940: 12907: 12886: 12867: 12865:, p. 153. 12855: 12834: 12813: 12791: 12771: 12756:Ron Shlaifer, 12749: 12725: 12703: 12684: 12672:Jerusalem Post 12658: 12632: 12629:on 3 May 2019. 12601: 12582: 12563: 12540: 12519: 12490: 12469: 12459:Here available 12445: 12424: 12391: 12370: 12349: 12323: 12293: 12291:, 29 May 2011. 12268: 12235: 12196: 12177: 12156: 12137: 12128:The Gaza Strip 12117: 12098: 12072: 12046: 12027: 12006: 11975: 11949: 11917: 11890: 11866: 11845: 11826: 11817: 11808: 11789: 11750: 11741: 11715: 11694: 11666: 11640: 11603: 11570: 11549: 11545:Johnston, Alan 11521: 11500: 11467: 11435: 11402: 11369: 11336: 11305: 11286: 11266: 11247: 11227: 11197: 11167: 11137: 11107: 11077: 11047: 11017: 10987: 10952: 10913: 10880: 10865:. Al Jazeera. 10854: 10824: 10799: 10746: 10733:(3): 275–295. 10713: 10698:. 16 June 2015 10683: 10662:Avalon Project 10649: 10615: 10589: 10566: 10543: 10519: 10498: 10472: 10450: 10431: 10414:Richard Falk, 10407: 10385: 10356: 10335: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10287: 10272: 10262: 10244: 10228: 10195: 10162: 10132: 10110: 10101: 10070: 10040: 10014: 9987: 9957: 9933: 9900: 9882: 9860: 9831: 9812: 9782: 9750: 9721: 9670:(3): 525–540. 9650: 9608: 9575: 9546: 9509: 9483: 9457: 9438: 9405: 9378: 9348: 9317: 9286: 9256: 9226: 9209:United Nations 9196: 9166: 9136: 9106: 9076: 9050: 9023: 8993: 8963: 8932: 8902: 8872: 8846: 8815: 8779: 8749: 8727: 8696: 8670: 8639: 8624:. Al Jazeera. 8613: 8571: 8567:, 23 May 2018; 8551:Daoud Kuttab, 8544: 8513: 8486: 8459: 8431: 8400: 8377: 8355: 8316: 8293: 8267: 8232: 8206: 8195:on 11 May 2011 8180: 8147: 8114: 8082: 8050: 8024: 7992: 7969: 7943: 7913: 7882: 7855: 7824: 7791: 7765: 7734: 7704: 7674: 7647: 7636:on 11 May 2011 7630:Jerusalem Post 7617: 7591: 7580:on 11 May 2011 7574:Jerusalem Post 7560: 7530: 7507: 7476: 7465:on 10 May 2008 7450: 7420: 7409:on 11 May 2011 7403:Jerusalem Post 7390: 7371: 7341: 7329:on 17 May 2007 7314: 7293: 7266: 7245: 7233:on 15 May 2007 7218: 7185: 7155: 7136: 7124: 7096: 7070: 7037: 7011: 6981: 6950: 6919: 6896: 6879: 6851: 6834: 6788: 6725: 6678: 6670: 6644: 6642:, p. 114. 6632: 6630:, p. 114. 6617: 6582: 6566: 6549:news.bbc.co.uk 6533: 6498:(4): 560–594. 6492:World Politics 6478: 6460: 6430: 6417: 6397: 6372: 6342: 6334: 6312: 6282: 6266: 6233: 6205: 6176: 6157: 6130: 6111:Ehud Eiran, 6104: 6095: 6072: 6061:(3): 323–327. 6045: 6030:Elisha Efrat, 6023: 6004: 6002:, p. 105. 5989: 5977: 5970: 5945: 5927: 5915: 5900: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5780: 5758: 5735: 5676: 5627: 5608: 5599:The Gaza Strip 5581: 5548: 5517: 5498: 5478: 5453: 5418: 5378: 5334: 5303: 5273: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5230: 5214: 5196: 5177: 5162: 5131: 5105: 5082: 5057: 5023: 4988: 4956: 4921: 4892: 4866: 4836: 4809: 4779: 4756: 4718: 4664: 4644: 4625: 4605: 4580: 4548: 4530: 4509:(3): 275–295. 4489: 4468:(3): 275–295. 4448: 4425: 4400: 4372: 4342: 4311: 4280: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4231: 4217: 4200: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4084:Gaza synagogue 4080:Rimal district 4069: 4063: 4052:Gaza synagogue 4049: 4043: 4037: 4015: 4012: 3987: 3984: 3957: 3954: 3899:Rafah Crossing 3868: 3867: 3826: 3824: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3789: 3786: 3782:Israeli attack 3765: 3762: 3740: 3737: 3733:Laila al Shawa 3727: 3724: 3703: 3700: 3628:mortality rate 3611: 3608: 3550: 3547: 3496:First Intifada 3482: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3400: 3397: 3365:Main article: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3319:Main article: 3316: 3313: 3305:dairy products 3280:carvings, and 3265: 3262: 3208: 3205: 3140: 3137: 3038: 3035: 2949:Main article: 2946: 2943: 2879: 2876: 2839: 2836: 2776: 2773: 2745:Bernie Sanders 2735:and the wider 2721:United Nations 2716: 2713: 2642:Yoram Dinstein 2618:United Nations 2548:European Union 2536: 2533: 2512: 2509: 2482: 2479: 2454: 2451: 2424:Jaysh al-Ummah 2361: 2358: 2349: 2346: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2230: 2227: 2211: 2208: 2073: 2070: 1986: 1983: 1968: 1965: 1882:In 2018–2019, 1868:Main article: 1865: 1862: 1822: 1821:2014: Gaza War 1819: 1775:Main article: 1772: 1769: 1731: 1728: 1688:Ismail Haniyeh 1653: 1650: 1594:Main article: 1591: 1588: 1549:Main article: 1546: 1543: 1538:Karni Crossing 1534:Rafah Crossing 1522:First Intifada 1518:rocket attacks 1514:stone-throwing 1433:Main article: 1430: 1427: 1398: 1395: 1313:First Intifada 1303:First Intifada 1301:Main article: 1298: 1295: 1194:Yom Kippur War 1167: 1164: 1139:Main article: 1136: 1133: 1065: 1062: 987:United Nations 951: 948: 932:Central Powers 920:British Empire 916:Ottoman Empire 901: 898: 895: 894: 892: 891: 884: 877: 869: 866: 865: 857: 850: 843: 836: 829: 822: 813: 812: 801: 800: 747:ongoing famine 645:was controlled 541: 540: 535: 529: 528: 523: 519: 518: 505: 498: 495: 494: 481: 477: 476: 474:Egyptian pound 467: 463: 462: 459: 457:• Density 456: 453: 452: 449: 446: 443: 442: 436: 435: 432: 429: 426: 425: 419: 418: 415: 414: 409: 403: 400: 399: 394: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 379: 378: 373: 367: 366: 364: 363: 357: 345: 343: 339: 338: 330: 324: 323: 318: 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 267: 263: 262: 261: 260: 250: 244: 227: 215: 211: 210: 196: 186: 176: 175: 172: 171: 166: 158: 157: 154: 153: 144: 141: 132: 131: 114:September 2024 101: 100: 93: 86: 79: 65: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19600: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19570: 19568: 19558: 19553: 19548: 19546: 19536: 19534: 19524: 19523: 19520: 19501: 19498: 19494: 19491: 19490: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19465: 19463: 19459: 19451: 19448: 19447: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19430:Ethnic groups 19428: 19427: 19425: 19423: 19419: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19387: 19386: 19383: 19379: 19376: 19375: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19360: 19358: 19354: 19349: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19313: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19295: 19294: 19290: 19288: 19287: 19283: 19282: 19281: 19280: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19268: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19240: 19237: 19236: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19211: 19209: 19207: 19203: 19199: 19192: 19187: 19185: 19180: 19178: 19173: 19172: 19169: 19157: 19156: 19151: 19147: 19145: 19144: 19135: 19134: 19129: 19126: 19125: 19121: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19094: 19083: 19079: 19076: 19073: 19070: 19069: 19067: 19063: 19057: 19054: 19053: 19051: 19047: 19041: 19038: 19036: 19033: 19032: 19030: 19026: 19023: 19020: 19013: 19007: 19004: 19002: 19001:South Ossetia 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18971: 18966: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18712: 18710: 18708: 18704: 18700: 18696: 18689: 18684: 18682: 18677: 18675: 18670: 18669: 18666: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18618:Levantine Sea 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18586: 18585:Marginal seas 18582: 18573: 18569: 18566: 18561: 18558: 18554: 18549: 18546: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18536: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18521: 18519: 18517: 18513: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18403: 18401: 18399: 18395: 18391: 18383: 18378: 18376: 18371: 18369: 18364: 18363: 18360: 18348: 18344: 18340: 18338: 18330: 18329: 18326: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18296: 18294: 18289: 18285: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18273:South Ossetia 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18255: 18253: 18251: 18245: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18054: 18051: 18049: 18046: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17995: 17993: 17991: 17987: 17983: 17976: 17971: 17969: 17964: 17962: 17957: 17956: 17953: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17910: 17906: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17848: 17842: 17836: 17832: 17825: 17820: 17818: 17813: 17811: 17806: 17805: 17802: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17746: 17744: 17742: 17738: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17693: 17691: 17689: 17685: 17681: 17674: 17669: 17667: 17662: 17660: 17655: 17654: 17651: 17641: 17640: 17629: 17619: 17618:Mohammad Bhar 17616: 17613: 17610: 17608: 17605: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17487: 17484: 17483: 17482: 17479: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17467: 17465: 17461: 17455: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17441: 17440: 17438: 17434: 17430: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17409: 17408: 17405: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17392: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17379: 17378:Doghmush clan 17376: 17375: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17365: 17363: 17359: 17355: 17349: 17346: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17337: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17326: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17319:Rachel Corrie 17317: 17316: 17314: 17310: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17293: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17273: 17271: 17267: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17250: 17246: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17233: 17230: 17226: 17223: 17222: 17221: 17218: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17208:Erez crossing 17206: 17205: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17190: 17188: 17182: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17114: 17113: 17111: 17105: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17052: 17050: 17046: 17038: 17033: 17030: 17026: 17021: 17018: 17014: 17009: 17006: 17002: 16997: 16994: 16990: 16985: 16982: 16981: 16979: 16975: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16945:UNWRA schools 16943: 16941: 16938: 16937: 16935: 16931: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16916: 16914: 16910: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16887: 16884: 16883: 16882: 16879: 16878: 16876: 16870: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16847: 16843: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16822: 16819: 16818: 16817: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16808: 16804: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16762:Aybaki Mosque 16760: 16758: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16733: 16730: 16729: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16702:Aybaki Mosque 16700: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16690: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16661: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16639:Qasr al-Basha 16637: 16635: 16632: 16631: 16629: 16625: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16599:Deir al-Balah 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16576: 16574: 16572: 16568: 16564: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16538:Deir al-Balah 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16518: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16486:Sheikh Radwan 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16471:al-Shati Camp 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16445: 16444:Daraj Quarter 16442: 16440: 16437: 16436: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16419: 16415: 16413: 16412: 16408: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16355: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16348: 16344: 16343: 16341: 16339: 16335: 16331: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16290:Deir al-Balah 16288: 16286: 16283: 16280: 16277: 16276: 16274: 16272: 16271:Refugee camps 16268: 16264: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16140:Iraq Suwaydan 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16030: 16026: 16023: 16022: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16015: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 15998: 15986: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15958:Gaza District 15956: 15955: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15937: 15933: 15932: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15907: 15905: 15901: 15897: 15893: 15886: 15881: 15879: 15874: 15872: 15867: 15866: 15863: 15857: 15850: 15838: 15837: 15832: 15828: 15827: 15824: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15784: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15747: 15746: 15743: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15734: 15731: 15729:Ethnic groups 15727: 15721: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15710: 15709: 15708:United States 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15630: 15628: 15626: 15622: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15592: 15590: 15588: 15584: 15578: 15577: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15555: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15504: 15496: 15493: 15492: 15491: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15460:Personalities 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15434: 15431: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15418: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15401: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15381: 15377: 15374: 15370: 15369: 15365: 15364: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15325:Refugee camps 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15299: 15294: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15234: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15182: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15172: 15170: 15168: 15164: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15087: 15086: 15083: 15080: 15076: 15073: 15072: 15070: 15068: 15064: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15044: 15042: 15038: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15010: 15006: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14965: 14961: 14951: 14948: 14947: 14945: 14941: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14926: 14924: 14922: 14918: 14912: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14904: 14900: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14872: 14869: 14868: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14848: 14846: 14844: 14840: 14837: 14833: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14790: 14787: 14786: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14742: 14741: 14740:Early history 14738: 14737: 14735: 14731: 14726: 14719: 14714: 14712: 14707: 14705: 14700: 14699: 14696: 14690: 14687: 14684: 14680: 14677: 14674: 14670: 14669: 14664: 14661: 14657: 14653: 14648: 14644: 14640: 14637: 14633: 14630: 14629: 14618: 14612: 14608: 14603: 14591: 14587: 14583: 14579: 14575: 14571: 14566: 14554: 14550: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14533: 14529: 14523: 14519: 14518: 14512: 14500: 14496: 14490: 14486: 14482: 14481: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14462: 14458: 14453: 14450: 14446: 14442: 14441: 14437: 14434: 14429: 14428: 14415: 14410: 14395: 14393:9789004138681 14389: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14371: 14364: 14360: 14355: 14339: 14335: 14329: 14322: 14318: 14313: 14306: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14293: 14276: 14272: 14268: 14262: 14247: 14246: 14241: 14234: 14227: 14223: 14220: 14215: 14208: 14204: 14201: 14196: 14180: 14176: 14170: 14154: 14150: 14144: 14137: 14136: 14131: 14127: 14124: 14119: 14103: 14099: 14093: 14085: 14079: 14075: 14074: 14066: 14050: 14046: 14042: 14035: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14007: 13999: 13995: 13990: 13982: 13974: 13970: 13964: 13957: 13953: 13949: 13946: 13943:Berg, Raffi. 13940: 13924: 13921:. Jpost.com. 13920: 13916: 13910: 13891: 13884: 13883: 13876: 13860: 13856: 13850: 13843: 13840: 13836: 13833: 13828: 13813: 13812: 13804: 13800: 13794: 13778: 13774: 13768: 13752: 13748: 13742: 13726: 13722: 13716: 13708: 13704: 13699: 13691: 13675: 13671: 13665: 13649: 13645: 13639: 13623: 13619: 13613: 13597: 13593: 13586: 13584: 13576:. Al-Jazeera. 13575: 13568: 13552: 13548: 13547: 13542: 13536: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13505: 13498: 13494: 13491: 13485: 13478: 13474: 13469: 13462: 13458: 13455: 13450: 13443: 13439: 13436: 13431: 13429: 13412: 13408: 13402: 13395: 13391: 13388: 13383: 13381: 13372: 13371: 13366: 13360: 13353: 13349: 13346: 13341: 13325: 13321: 13320:New Scientist 13317: 13310: 13308: 13306: 13289: 13285: 13279: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13261: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13244: 13238: 13222: 13218: 13212: 13196: 13190: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13160: 13159: 13151: 13142: 13133: 13124: 13115: 13106: 13097: 13088: 13072: 13068: 13062: 13058: 13057: 13049: 13047: 13037: 13027: 13018: 13009: 12993: 12989: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12970: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12949: 12944: 12928: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12911: 12904: 12900: 12897: 12890: 12884: 12880: 12877: 12871: 12864: 12859: 12852: 12848: 12845: 12844: 12838: 12831: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12817: 12810: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12795: 12788: 12784: 12781: 12775: 12768: 12765: 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12031: 12024: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12010: 12003: 11989: 11985: 11979: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11960: 11953: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11921: 11905: 11901: 11894: 11887: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11873: 11871: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11855: 11849: 11842: 11838: 11835: 11830: 11821: 11812: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11793: 11786: 11782: 11779: 11778: 11773: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11745: 11738: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11712: 11708: 11705: 11704: 11698: 11691: 11687: 11684: 11683: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11663: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11625: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11574: 11567: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11553: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11535: 11534: 11528: 11526: 11519:, 19 May 2005 11518: 11514: 11513: 11507: 11505: 11488: 11484: 11483: 11478: 11471: 11455: 11451: 11450: 11445: 11439: 11423: 11419: 11418: 11413: 11406: 11390: 11386: 11385: 11380: 11373: 11357: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11340: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11309: 11293: 11289: 11287:9781851685875 11283: 11279: 11278: 11270: 11254: 11250: 11248:9781844676019 11244: 11240: 11239: 11231: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11201: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11081: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11051: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11021: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10991: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10901: 10897: 10896: 10891: 10884: 10868: 10864: 10858: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10828: 10817: 10810: 10803: 10795: 10789: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10761: 10757: 10750: 10741: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10717: 10710: 10697: 10693: 10687: 10680: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10653: 10646: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10603: 10599: 10593: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10575: 10570: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10547: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10529: 10523: 10516: 10512: 10509: 10508: 10502: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10454: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10435: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10411: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10389: 10373: 10369: 10363: 10361: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10339: 10332: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10316: 10307: 10294: 10290: 10288:9780739166109 10284: 10280: 10279: 10273: 10270: 10265: 10259: 10255: 10254: 10249: 10248:Scobbie, Iain 10245: 10242: 10231: 10225: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10169: 10167: 10150: 10146: 10139: 10137: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10117: 10115: 10105: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10074: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10044: 10028: 10024: 10023:"Israeli MFA" 10018: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9961: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9943: 9937: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9904: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9848: 9844: 9838: 9836: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9816: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9767: 9760: 9754: 9738: 9734: 9733: 9725: 9718: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9654: 9647: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9621:The Economist 9618: 9612: 9605: 9593: 9589: 9588:Freedom House 9585: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9551: 9534: 9530: 9529: 9528:Freedom House 9524: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9497: 9493: 9487: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9454: 9450: 9447: 9442: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9416: 9409: 9393: 9389: 9382: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9321: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9290: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9260: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9230: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9170: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9027: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8997: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8951: 8947: 8943: 8936: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8890: 8886: 8885:reliefweb.int 8882: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8819: 8800: 8796: 8789: 8783: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8753: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8643: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8548: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8520:Adam Rasgon, 8517: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8490: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8435: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8359: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8320: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8297: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8280: 8277: 8274:Jack Khoury, 8271: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8236: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8099: 8092: 8086: 8067: 8060: 8054: 8038: 8034: 8028: 8009: 8002: 7996: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7973: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7917: 7901: 7898:. Jpost.com. 7897: 7893: 7890:Kasher, Asa. 7886: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7769: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7678: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7375: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7345: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7297: 7280: 7276: 7270: 7263: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7249: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7128: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7025: 7021: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6954: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6923: 6917: 6916:archive.today 6913: 6909: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6855: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6798:Social Forces 6792: 6785: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6698:(1): 94–114. 6697: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6673: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6628:Pressman 2006 6624: 6622: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6485: 6483: 6475: 6474: 6467: 6465: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6427: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6377: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6337: 6335:9780060916138 6331: 6326: 6325: 6316: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6279: 6275: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6210: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6181: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6134: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6099: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6076: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6027: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5986: 5981: 5973: 5967: 5962: 5961: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5925:, p. 97. 5924: 5919: 5912: 5907: 5905: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5883:, p. 96. 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5833:, p. 76. 5832: 5827: 5820: 5815: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5753: 5750:(in Hebrew). 5749: 5742: 5740: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5482: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5460: 5458: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5425: 5423: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5339: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5270: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5216:Zaki Chehab, 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5180:David Cameron 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5146: 5145:Jonathan Cook 5143: 5142: 5138: 5136: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5089: 5085: 5083:9780739166109 5079: 5075: 5074: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5043:Scobbie, Iain 5037: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4897: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4863: 4862:Javier Solana 4859: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4786: 4784: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4723: 4714: 4709:|author= 4702: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4660:0-19-861263-X 4657: 4653: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4609: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4432: 4428: 4426:9780739166109 4422: 4418: 4417: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4386:Scobbie, Iain 4380: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4278:, 5 May 1994. 4277: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4235: 4227: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4176:Gaza genocide 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4121:Tell es-Sakan 4119: 4116: 4115:Tell el-Ajjul 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4103:Qasr al-Basha 4101: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4054:(508 CE), at 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4040:Bureij mosaic 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3903:Erez Crossing 3900: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3861: 3853: 3850:November 2023 3843: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3827:This section 3825: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3721: 3716: 3708: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3621: 3616: 3607: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3581: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3543: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3508:Islamic dress 3504: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3474: 3470: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3419:Sunni Muslims 3414: 3410: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3197:flotilla raid 3193: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3169: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109:Philip Slater 3106: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074:David Cameron 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3051:Erez Crossing 3043: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2977:Islamic Jihad 2974: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2952: 2945:Gaza blockade 2942: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2929:A buffer zone 2926: 2922: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2888: 2883: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2815:Ayelet Shaked 2812: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2800:, wrote in a 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2743:, US Senator 2742: 2741:David Cameron 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2518: 2517:Freedom House 2508: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2492:Yasser Arafat 2489: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2437:"Land of the 2436: 2435:ʻArḍ al-Ribat 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404:Doghmush clan 2401: 2400:Army of Islam 2396: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2340:according to 2339: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2136:Mediterranean 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2112:Deir el-Balah 2109: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2078: 2069: 2067: 2066:Hanan Ben Ari 2063: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1964: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830:2014 Gaza War 1826: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1783: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1752:Hosni Mubarak 1749: 1745: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Mahmoud Abbas 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1667: 1658: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1619:skyline, 2007 1618: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530:Erez Crossing 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1449: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1410:(PLO) signed 1409: 1405: 1404:Yasser Arafat 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:small kibbutz 1249: 1245: 1241: 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London. 13227:29 October 13201:27 October 12962:The Nation 12933:3 November 12149:21 January 12065:18 January 11994:28 January 11910:18 January 11618:(Report). 11585:Al Jazeera 11449:Al Jazeera 11298:30 October 11259:30 October 11220:13 October 11190:13 October 11160:13 October 11130:13 October 11100:13 October 11090:Al Jazeera 11070:13 October 11040:13 October 11010:12 October 10980:12 October 10945:12 October 10906:12 October 10847:13 October 10679:exercised. 10608:30 October 10491:24 October 10299:8 November 9980:23 October 9743:27 January 9710:17 October 9639:17 October 9598:17 October 9568:25 January 9476:17 October 9398:25 January 9279:18 January 9249:18 January 9219:18 January 9179:Al Jazeera 9043:17 October 8839:12 October 8808:12 October 8793:(Report). 8772:12 October 8762:www.un.org 8564:Al-Monitor 8511:creation.’ 7875:25 January 7784:25 January 7697:23 January 7492:. 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