History of science and technology in Japan

1066:, to research the feasibility of such a project in Manchuria. The team concluded that exploitation of the low quality deposits would not be commercial. Umene, however, did not give up on the calcinated magnetising method, which could achieve reduction and magnetising at the same time. He started his own research, using a theoretical scientific method. According to the chemical reaction formula, it was known that a non-magnetic iron ore chemically reacts and becomes magnetic if hermetically sealed and heated to over 1300 °C. This amount of energy consumption was not feasible, but Umene found that by putting a reducing agent in the ore, he could get the same chemical result at temperatures under 500 to 700 °C. He had only to decide the temperature and the amount of the reducing agent. Through careful experiments, he finally perfected the calcinating magnetisation method, and in June 1922, he took out a patent on the process. Because of this innovation, 90 per cent of even non-magnetic iron ore could be separated. Even more important, this innovation caused Japanese blast furnace engineers to recognise the importance of the preparation of iron ore. 676:

Skytree tower completed in 2012. For that invention, Genzo Jr. was selected as one of Japan's ten greatest inventors. He directed the company's efforts toward the development, independently, of a lead-powder production method, which was subsequently named the 'Production Method for Positive Response Lead Powder.' This was a simple and inexpensive method of industrial production, whereby a lump of lead was placed in a revolving iron drum while air was blown in. The ensuing oxidation of the lump of lead, and its breakdown into lead particles by the friction of the revolving drum, produced the positively charged lead powder. In addition to patenting various processes in Japan, Shimadzu registered patents in the major foreign countries. There were enquiries also concerning the implementation of patents for the Shimadzu production method in the US, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Canada, Australia and France, attesting to the strong international interest in this technology. At this point, however, Shimadzu became entangled in a patent dispute in the US. In June 1932, the

1098:, it was a revolutionary energy-saving oven based on an energy-recycling system. The oven also improved by-product processing and increased coke processing yields. By 1933, the energy efficiency of the eighth coke oven at the Yahata Works was almost equal to that of the most advanced coke oven in Germany. The improvement in the quality of coke was directly reflected in the energy efficiency of iron and steelmaking. In addition, energy recycling techniques such as reuse of the gas generated in the coke oven and blast furnaces were exploited by the system. These efforts helped reduce the energy consumption of the works. The coal consumption per ton of steel production sharply dropped to 1.58 kg in 1933 from 3.7 kg in 1924. Eventually, Kuroda's idea of energy saving and recycling became fundamental for Japanese steel engineers. In 1962, this technological heritage would produce one of the most important innovations, the Basic Oxygen Furnace Waste Gas Cooling and Clearing System, invented at Yawata Steel (a successor of the Yahata Works). 617:) in 1930. The condition of the rice after milling, the extent of the milling, and damage to the rice grains during the process affects every link in the production chain. Rice could now be polished more efficiently. The abrasive action of the vertical polishing machine reduced the number of broken grains and made polishing more even, making it possible to produce highly polished rice. Unlike the previous horizontal polishing machines, which are used for table rice, the vertical design used gravity to drop the rice through the center chamber, which was outfitted with a center grindstone coated with carborundum. Horizontal polishing machines have the rice grains rub each other, but the vertical Satake type polished the grain with the abrasive center roller to achieve a 40 percent polishing ration, removing 50 percent of the rice grain, revolutionizing the rice milling system and became the standard, resulting in more uniform, finely polished grains that did not chip or crack. 858:. In the meantime, NLC would be heralded as a quintessential "Japanese-style technology" and a milestone in modern Japan's quest for technological autonomy. Even decades later, many in Japan were still convinced that "consistently in every step from invention to application, it was literally a domestically produced technology, worthy of international pride" and the development of NLC was "clearly the starting point of the leap forward of our telecommunications technology to the world’s top level". In 1936, the Japanese government adopted non-loaded cable for the new Japan–Manchukuo cable network as well as for the long-distance communications networks in Japan, thus establishing the supremacy of the new technology in Japan. In the same year, 1457:(autonomation or autonomous automation). It was the 1924 Toyoda Automatic Loom, Type G, a completely automatic high-speed loom featuring the ability to change shuttles without stopping and dozens of other innovations. At the time it was the world's most advanced loom, delivering a dramatic improvement in quality and a twenty-fold increase in productivity.This loom automatically stopped when it detected a problem such as thread breakage. This loom delivered the world's top performance in terms of productivity and textile quality. An engineer from Platt Brothers & Co., Ltd. of England, one of the world's leading manufacturers of textile machinery at the time, admiringly referred to this loom as "the magic loom". 5731:

various sensors (e.g., key, bite, bend, etc.) on the EWI-1000 controller unit, then converted to digital signals by a front-end microprocessor in the EWV-2000. These digital signals were then altered by the microprocessor and D/A converted to internal analog control voltages appropriate for the analog synthesizer IC's within the EWV-2000. The D/A used within the EWV-2000 used a very high resolution and conversion rate, such that the responsiveness to the player felt immediate, i.e. "analog." The subsequent EWI-3000 and EWI-3020 systems also used this A/D/A scheme within their dedicated tone modules, though these later models of the EWI would support MIDI IN and OUT.

774:. After a successful call experiment, a public communication service using wireless telephones started in 1916, with more than 15,000 practical calls. Later, the TYK wireless telephone won a foreign patent and contributed to the introduction of Japanese technology overseas. The commendation system of the Imperial Invention Association took effect through various expositions, exhibitions, prize contests and patent conventions. The first recipients were Uichi Torigata, Eitaro Yokoyama, and Sejiro Kitamura for the TYK wireless telephone. on 16 December 1914, the world's first public telephone service via a voice based wireless communications system got underway. 17458: 575:, imported manufactured goods were cut off, as was the inflow of foreign technology, and, as a consequence, a number of new industries, especially in the heavy and chemical sectors, were set up. Existing firms also took advantage of the opportunity for technical development and the penetration of new markets. Several such companies were able to overcome the difficulties posed by economic depression and severe international competition. In 1935, at a time Japan experienced state of the art modernization entitled 4546:, using vacuum tube circuits for sounds and mechanical-wheel for rhythm patterns. It was a floor-type machine with built-in speaker, and featuring a keyboard for the manual play, in addition to the multiple automatic rhythm patterns. Its price was comparable with the average annual income of Japanese at that time. Their efforts were then focused on the improvement of reliability and performance, along with the size reduction and the cost down. Unstable vacuum tube circuit was replaced with reliable 2729:, who had only joined Intel a week before Shima arrived. After explaining the project to Faggin, Shima worked with him to design the 4004 processor, with Shima responsible for the chip's logic. The chip's final design was completed in 1970 by Intel's Faggin and Busicom's Masatoshi Shima. The Intel 4004 was commercially released in 1971, first as part of the Busicom 141-PF calculator and then separately by Intel. The 4004 was also used in other Busicom machines, including an 88: 1498:(臥雲辰致 1842–1900). The subsequent innovations of the Garabo were concentrated on the power supply system or the increase (and arrangement) of the spindles. Despite the latter increasing the complexity in frame structure, the core spinning mechanism was not altered. The Garabo technology was conceived as an affordable, accessible, and familiar technology to enhance productivity of peasant house-hold spinning, a common rural by-employment. Exhibited at the first 17851: 17363: 17839: 17373: 17828: 708:, who visited Japan in 1924, he thought highly of the standard of Japanese technology and originated a number of proposals for technico-industrial cooperation between Germany and Japan. One of his idealistic proposals gave rise to the establishment contract of Ost Lurgi. The purpose of Ost Lurgi was to transfer Japanese technology to Germany, but negotiations were drawn out, since the parties could not agree on conditions. 2215:

technology still used throughout the world today. It was developed by several Japanese cement companies, either independently or in collaboration with plant manufacturers. Several different successful systems were developed, but all of them included a separate furnace (calciner) with the preheater, thereby improving the decarbonization rate of the raw material and increasing the output of the rotary kiln.

1368:, simply penetrating the steel plating of enemy vessels and exploding below deck. It was not just the terrible effect of the explosive charge that caused panic. When the shells hit they immediately threw out a wall of fire over everything in range. The Japanese shelling was terrifying and to the watching eyes of the Russians what was hurtling towards them seemed to be carton after carton of liquid fire. 838:'s Imperial Accession Ceremony was held, newspaper companies that had mulled over ways to deliver papers with photos (The first photo-telegraph to be sent using a leased line) of the ceremony throughout the nation as quickly as possible employed this phototelegraphic equipment with great success. In general use, the NEC-style photo-telegraph was used to send information such as pictures and handwriting. 24: 1070:'s Chiba Works, established in 1950 as the first large integrated greenfield works after the Second World War, and a model of efficient works, was the most important example. Asawa Saburo, who had been instructed by Umene at the Anshan Works, became Factory Manager of Kawasaki's Chiba Works and refined the preparatory techniques. About this technological continuity and development, he wrote: 10887: 1545:. In terms of the number of Triadic patents granted annually in the 21st century, Japan has the highest number in the world, ahead of the United States. Although several different patent families exist, the triadic patent family is widely recognized as the gold standard and highest quality level. Triadic patents are filed jointly in the largest global technology markets: the 1517:(1831–1892) as the best invention displayed at the event. However, since the machine featured a simple mechanism, many imitations were manufactured. Despite its technically groundbreaking mechanism for resource and labour saving, in the absence of managerial transformation, it was unable to compete with the emergent British-style sector and its modern entrepreneurship. 814:, also of Tohoku Imperial University. Yagi published the first English-language reference on the antenna in a 1928 survey article on short wave research in Japan and it came to be associated with his name. However, Yagi always acknowledged Uda's principal contribution to the design, and the proper name for the antenna is, as above, the Yagi-Uda antenna (or array). 866:, the prize of 1,000 yen further consolidated the reputation of NLC as well as that of its chief inventor. Later that year, Matsumae received his doctoral degree from Tōhoku Imperial University. the NLC technology was "the greatest invention in Japan’s telecommunications industry". Now recognized as Japan's unique contribution to the field of 1049:, having an abundant supply of precisely this sort of low-ferrous, non-magnetic, and high-silica iron ore deposits, was looking for a technical breakthrough to exploit these deposits. Umene Tsunesaburo (later the Chief Engineer and Director), a young engineer of the Anshan Works, graduated from the Department of Metallurgy at 8802:

Fraser, K.C. (2013-03-22). "James E. Hoare. "Historical Dictionary of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Lanham, MD, and Plymouth: Scarecrow Press 2012. lxi+490 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8108-6151-0 (print); 978-0-8108-7987-4 (e-book) £75; $ 119 Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania and the Middle

6001:

and superior to the conventional process, it is a continuous copper smelting and converting process comprising three steps—smelting of raw materials by injection, separation of slag and matte, and direct converting of high-grade matte. Since commercial operation began in 1974, the hearth productivity

1716:

even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter. Although Technics stopped producing the SL-1200 in 2010, they remain the most popular DJ turntable due to their high build quality and durability. The SL-1200 evolved into the SL-1200 MK2 in 1979—which, as of the early-2010s, remains an

675:

invents a "reactive lead oxides production method". Genzo's invention of the reactive lead powder manufacturing method in 1920 revolutionized the quality and cost of lead powder used in storage batteries. The manufactured lead powder was also used in anti-rust paints, which was even used on the Tokyo

5730:

and EVI-1000 valve controller, like the Lyricon, were paired with a dedicated analog, voltage-controlled voice module, the EWV-2000. The EWV-2000 had no MIDI IN, though it did have MIDI OUT. The EWI-1000/EWV-2000 pair were actually a hybrid digital/analog system. Analog signals were derived from the

6083:

Hydrographics, also known variously as immersion printing, water transfer printing, water transfer imaging, hydro dipping, or cubic printing has an somewhat fuzzy history. Three different Japanese companies are given credit for its invention. Taica Corporation claims to have invented cubic printing

2682:

chip Busicom required. Shima went to Intel in June 1969 to present his design proposal. Due to Intel lacking logic engineers to understand the logic schematics or circuit engineers to convert them, Intel asked Shima to simplify the logic. Intel wanted a single-chip CPU design, influenced by Sharp's

1694:

were unsuitable for turntablism, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching. In 1972, Technics started making their SL-1200 turntable, which became the most popular turntable for DJs due to its high

1339:

used in the torpedo's machinery. Particular care was given to the fuel lines. They were cleaned with a potassium compound to eliminate oil and grease and were redesigned to round out all sharp angles, and their linings were finely ground to eliminate all tiny pits where any residual oxygen, oil, or

1012:

zaibatsu, who had donated generous funds for this research. In 1918, Sumitomo Steel Casting succeeded in producing KS steel commercially. This steel, although very expensive, was extremely advanced, and was widely exported to Europe and the United States. In the same year, the Institute of Iron and

680:

pronounced its final verdict and established the patent rights for the Shimadzu technology. Following this victory, implementation of patent rights were finalized in the US, Britain, and France; that is, contracts were concluded successively in these countries. A contract for the acquisition by Ost

4989:

memory, and increase the audio channels from a single channel to eight channels. As Dyck was generally unfamiliar with how to use a microprocessor for a sequencer, Kakehashi hired Yukio Tamada to design and build a microprocessor-based sequencer. Roland switched from discrete circuitry to the then

1244:

system, which was then operating with the Royal Navy, to be exceedingly expensive. The Japanese therefore decided to create their own radio sets by setting up a radio research committee under Professor Shunkichi Kimura, which eventually produced an acceptable system. In 1901, having attained radio

1074:

We thoroughly developed the preparatory process of raw materials at the Chiba Works after the Second World War. In order to process the powder ore, we introduced the pelletizing method, which contributes to high performance ironmaking here. There can be no doubt that I owe the installment of this

1061:

instead. In order to survive in the competitive and unstable iron market previously described, the Anshan Works hoped to reduce production costs by exploiting the abundant low ferrous iron ore deposits around the works. Umene was appointed as a researcher for this special project. In addition, in

2214:

companies to build up their technological development know-how. Companies successively began to develop new cement-manufacturing-related machinery. Japan came to lead the world in cement manufacturing technology. NSP technology has also been actively licensed overseas. The NSP kiln is a Japanese

2192:

Japan is the country where the world's first roller-compacted concrete dam was constructed in 1980. Japanese engineers developed an approach defined as the "Roller-Compacted Dam method (RCD)” designed to achieve the same quality and appearance of conventional mass concrete, which resulted in the

761:

wireless telegraph, the world's first practical "wireless telephone" to send voices wirelessly was invented in 1912, and successfully completed the first telephone call test in Japan. This device was called the "TYK-type wireless telephone" and was the first wireless telephone to be put into

1224:

that the "Enemy is in square 203". By 05:00, intercepted radio signals informed the Russians that they had been discovered and that Japanese scouting cruisers were shadowing them. Admiral Tōgō received his message at 05:05, and immediately began to prepare his battle fleet for a sortie.

862:(松前重義 1901–1991) was awarded the Asano Prize by Japan's Association of Electrical Engineering for his ground-breaking contribution to the development of telecommunications technology. Named after one of Japan's first electrical engineers, who oversaw the laying of the submarine cable to 10104: 1384:

explosive 10 percent of the total weight of the shell instead of the normal 2–3 percent. These shells bore the name of furoshiki. Shimose Powder, with its compound treated as top secret, was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1893, not only for naval artillery but also for

2687:

in 1969, simplifying Shima's initial design down to four chips, including a single-chip microprocessor CPU. Due to Hoff's formulation lacking key details, Shima came up with his own ideas to find solutions for its implementation. Shima was responsible for adding a 10-bit static

1075:

series of new equipment largely to Dr Umene .... Great technological achievement is never confined within itself, nor does it become just a thing of the past. I learned here that such great innovations (as Umene's) will be continuously succeeded by various applications.

4173:(ATM), for out-of-hours cash distribution, developed from bankers' needs in Japan. The Japanese device was called "Computer Loan Machine" and supplied cash as a three-month loan at 5% p.a. after inserting a credit card. The device was operational in 1966. The first 2720:

to interpret the ideas of Shima and Hoff. Busicom's management agreed to the new proposal. The architecture and specifications of the four chips were designed over a period of a few months in 1969, between an Intel team led by Hoff and a Busicom team led by Shima.

1259:

in Germany was adopted by the Imperial Russian Navy. Although both sides had early wireless telegraphy, the Russians were using German sets and had difficulties in their use and maintenance, while the Japanese had the advantage of using their own equipment.

1245:

transmissions of up to 70 miles (110 km), the navy formally adopted radio telegraphy. Two years later, a laboratory and factory were set up at Yokosuka to produce the Type 36 (1903) radios, and these were quickly installed on every major warship in the

4998:

microprocessor and increased the memory from 512 bytes shift-register memory to 16 KB RAM memory, allowing storage of over 5,300 notes, which could be entered via the calculator keyboard (the preferred method) or recorded in real-time (not so easy).

2529:

and "Panoramic Sonore" (1974) by music critic Akimichi Takeda. Ezaki also published an article called "Contemporary Music and Computers" in 1970. Since then, Japanese research in computer music has largely been carried out for commercial purposes in

1195:

Japan was in the forefront of tank technology in the early 1930s when the land warfare found itself with state funding, introducing a number of innovations such as diesel tank engines. The world's first diesel-powered tank, this distinction goes to

1340:

grease could accumulate. The first test firings of the system, incorporating an engine of standard Whitehead design but using oxygen in place of air, were successfully carried out in 1933. That year, the navy formally designated the weapon as the

5527:. A common MIDI standard was developed, working with Roland's pre-existing DCB as a basis, by Roland, Yamaha, Korg, Kawai, and Sequential Circuits. MIDI was publicly announced in 1982. MIDI allowed communication between different instruments and 1424:

was mixed and ignited, and the harmful gas produced was poured into the Russian defense building to force it to abandon the defense. Reddemann's interest in flame weapons had originally been sparked by reports from the battlefields of the 190450

10112: 3411:

The Yamaha CX5M is an MSX-based personal computer, specializing in music and sound production. It was originally released as the CX5 in 1983, before being upgraded to the CX5M in 1984. The CX5 was a YIS-303 MSX computer with a built-in SKW-01

17328: 2724:

After Shima went back to Japan in late 1969 and then returned to Intel in early 1970, he found that no further work had been done on the 4004 since he left, and that Hoff was no longer working on the project. The project leader had become

2594:(4003) and CPU (4004) to an unnamed woman, a software engineering researcher from Nara Women's College, who was present at the meeting. Sasaki then had his first meeting with Noyce in 1968. Sasaki discussed the microprocessor concept with 2795:

released in 1979. After returning to Japan, Shima founded the Intel Japan Design Center in 1980 and VM Technology Corporation in 1986. At VM, he developed the 16-bit microprocessor VM860 and 32-bit microprocessor VM 8600 for the Japanese

1057:(67 000 ton per year) began in 1919. When the post-First World War depression hit the works, however, South Manchuria Railroad Company (SMRC) decided to postpone the opening of Anshan's second blast furnace, and proposed construction of 4836:(IC) chip that was originally developed for Roland Corporation's SDE-3000 rack delay unit. It was succeeded by the DD-3 Digital Delay in 1986. Boss Corporation's RV-2 Digital Reverb, released in 1987, was the world's first digital 681:

Lurgi of the Shimadzu technology option was signed in Frankfurt am Main on 1 June 1926. Fritz Haber was also present at this meeting. The company, Ost Lurgi located in Berlin, was established in March 1926 as a joint venture of

5172:, with the MC-8 and its descendants having more of an impact on electronic music production in the 1970s and 1980s than any other family of sequencers. CV/Gate sequencers such as the MC-8 and MC-4 were eventually succeeded by 17338: 6202:. Each frame was recorded as a 1mm diameter hologram on a 305mm disc, while a laser beam read out the hologram from three angles. In 1978, Hitachi invented a digital video storage system, which they received a patent for. 1326:

on a workable oxygen torpedo. Starting in 1 932, this effort was led by Captain Kishimoto Kaneharu. Step by step, Captain Kishimoto and his colleagues began to attack the problems inherent in the design of such a weapon.

17252: 3473:. It also has stereo audio outputs, an input for a purpose-built four-octave keyboard, and a pair of MIDI Input/Output ports. It had limited MIDI support on the original CX5M model, with only management of data from a 2285:

semiconductor laser in 1970 led directly to the light sources in fiber-optic communication, commercialized by Japanese entrepreneurs, and opened up the field of optical communication, playing an important role in the

17297: 2197:

in Japan, from 1978 to 1980. Since then, about 40 roller-compacted concrete dams have been constructed in Japan. Japanese roller-compacted concrete dams are called RCD dams and are distinguished from the other

6822: 3763:

introduced the Citizen Pocket TV, a color TFT LCD handheld television, with a 2.7-inch display, in 1984. By 1985, two other Seiko Hattori subsidiaries had also introduced TFT LCD handheld televisions, with

17087: 17333: 1711:

invented the scratching technique by accident. He developed the technique while experimenting with a Technics SL-1200 turntable, finding that its direct-drive motor would continue to spin at the correct

1317:

was secretly experimenting with oxygen torpedoes. Although they were mistaken, the Japanese delegation was so impressed with the information they had gathered that they sent an extensive report back to

17292: 2477:, peripheral devices and application development languages specifically developed for business applications, playing a big role in Japan's booming economy. The first office computers released in 1961: 1013:

Steel Research (later known as the Institute of Metal Research), the first public research institute for metals, was founded at Tohoku University, and it became the centre for metal research in Japan.

3446:

and a sequencing, capable of synthesizing and sequencing sounds and rhythms, with its internal FM synthesizer or external MIDI devices. It provided synthesis, composition tools, and a four-track MIDI

15141: 6146:

in 1977 and was patented in 1982. It features a true continuously sweeping second hand, rather than the traditional beats per time unit, as seen with traditional mechanical and most quartz watches.

17302: 3295:, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson HX-20 in North America. It was the first notebook-sized 4611:." The smaller MP-5 had 10 preset rhythms, while the larger MP-7 had 20 preset rhythms. Both had controls for tone, tempo, and volume, while the MP-7 also had dedicated faders for adding ouijada, 17247: 17212: 17167: 11179:...its venerable PC 9800 series, which has sold more than 18 million units over the years, and is the reason why NEC has been the number one PC vendor in Japan for as long as anyone can remember. 1281:

in 1885, she was transported in parts to Japan, where she was assembled and launched in 1887. The 165-foot (50 m) long vessel was armed with four 1-pounder (37 mm) quick-firing guns and six

3086:: "By developing a new software methodology specifically for high-speed image rendering, LINKS-1 was able to rapidly render highly realistic images." It was "used to create the world's first 3D 17132: 17027: 5788:. Today, the D-50 is still highly popular as affordable vintage synth. It has the highest score by users of all synths at VintageSynth. The D-50 was the first affordable synthesizer to combine 1597:'s research facilities in Japan. In 1969, NHK expanded PCM's capabilities to 2-channel stereo and 32 kHz 13-bit resolution. In January 1971, using NHK'S PCM recording system, engineers at 922:. His switching circuit theory provided the mathematical foundations and tools for digital system design in almost all areas of modern technology, and was the basis for digital electronics and 4576:

instrument. It described it as an "automatic rhythm player which is simple but capable of electronically producing various rhythms in the characteristic tones of a drum, a piccolo and so on."

1305:

The Japanese began experimenting with oxygen-driven torpedoes about 1924, but gave up after numerous explosions and failures. Then, in 1927, an eight-man Japanese naval delegation went to the

17077: 17343: 17217: 1000:

The structure of the alloy (cobalt steel) was basically created in my brain. It was not created merely by chance or by accident. Japanese researchers would do well to learn from my example.

17287: 17172: 4914:. In the 1970s, Yamaha were granted a number of patents, under the company's former name "Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha", evolving Chowning's early work on FM synthesis technology. 3788:, a Japanese company, was seen as a pacesetter that threatened to eclipse US electronics companies. MUSE, the development of which began in the 1970s, was a hybrid system with analog and 2747:

released the μPD707 and μPD708, a two-chip 4-bit microprocessor CPU, in 1971. They were followed by NEC's first single-chip microprocessor, the μPD700, in April 1972, a prototype for the

846:

The vital technology in Japan's effort to build a strategic communications link between the home islands and Manchukuo. The importance of this technological invention was not limited to

17177: 9593: 5531:

to play a role in music production. Since its introduction, MIDI has remained the musical instrument industry standard interface through to the present day. Kakehashi received the 2013

2700:

information transfer, the key program in an area of performance and program capacity, the functional specification, decimal computer idea, software, desktop calculator logic, real-time

16589: 17072: 17057: 17052: 15068: 17348: 17267: 17227: 13667: 12985: 7688: 6573:

Shimomura, O.; Johnson, F.H. & Saiga, Y. (June 1962). "Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea".

17187: 17152: 17107: 13891: 1053:

in 1911 and went to the Yawata Works. In 1916, when the Anshan Works was established as a large integrated mill, Umene made his way into Manchuria. The operation of the first

15711: 5780:-styled layout design. It was also produced in a rack-mount variant design, the D-550 (1987–1990), with almost 450 user-adjustable parameters. The D-50 saw widespread use in 13363: 4495:, the R-1 was a hand-operated percussion device that played electronic drum sounds manually as the user pushed buttons, in a similar fashion to modern electronic drum pads. 1240:

urging that they push ahead as rapidly as possible to acquire the new technology. The ministry became heavily interested in the technology; however it found the cost of the

16540: 4981:

saw the prototype, and decided to build a digital sequencer based on his prototype, making a number of major changes. Kakehashi decided to replace the TTL circuitry with a

17558: 16823: 2395:

The ETL Mark III's successor, the ETL Mark IV, began development in 1956 and was completed in 1957. It was a stored-program transistor computer with high-speed magnetic

14572: 5378:

was the Firstman SQ-01. It was originally released in 1980 by Hillwood/Firstman, a Japanese synthesizer company founded in 1972 by Kazuo Morioka (who later worked for

963:). At the time, machinery to mass-produce coiled coil filaments did not exist, however Hakunetsusha developed a method to mass-produce coiled coil filaments by 1936. 122:, the number of Japanese winners of the Nobel Prize has been second only to the United States in the 21st century, for contributions made in the 20th century. On the 14814:

The first digital synthesizer to make it into the studios of everyone else, the Yamaha DX7, became one of the most commercially successful synthesizers of all time.

12572: 12296: 3480:. The YIS-303, CX5, YIS-503 and CX5M computers could be upgraded with the SFG-01 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit II sound module, released in 1984, featuring an upgraded 16882: 12058: 10974:"Hitachi Releases the SH-4 SH7750 Series, Offering Industry's Highest Performance of 360 MIPS for an Embedded RISC Processor, as Top-End Series in SuperH Family" 16719: 10179: 2982:

and MF-DOS operating system into an integrated unit. The Sord M223 Mark VI, introduced in 1979, was an early personal computer to come standard with a built-in

2675:(RAM), to finalize and manufacture their calculator engine. Intel, which was more of a memory company back then, had facilities to manufacture the high density 2602:

in 1968, and presented the woman's four-division chipset concept to Intel and Busicom. This provided the basis for the single-chip microprocessor design of the

571:, largely through the action of the body known as the Imperial Invention Association, invention has been encouraged by the Government. With the outbreak of the 12812: 3247:

The 7220 and its clones led the early GPU market for several years, and was still the best known GPU in 1986. It was eventually surpassed by the more powerful

123: 45: 14251: 741:

receiver. In 1927, he increased the television resolution to 100 lines, which was unrivaled until 1931. In 1928, he was the first to transmit human faces in

16009: 15151: 11388: 10744: 4682:" (1971), which combined acoustic drumming with Ace Tone's Rhythm Ace drum machine. The first album on which a drum machine produced all the percussion was 5247:. Its combination of programmability and familiar preset rhythms made it popular from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, widely adopted by artists such as 15816: 9727: 6926: 17876: 15259: 6002:

has been doubled, and several other improvements have been made, including higher-grade matte smelting and the treatment of various secondary materials.

4221:, developed by Japanese company Kasco (Kansei Seiki Seisakusho Co.), which only manufactured two cabinets of the game. The first video game to represent 1507: 907: 6474: 16864: 8734:

Choi, Eugene K. (2011). "Another Spinning Innovation: The Case of the Rattling Spindle, Garabō, in the Development of the Japanese Spinning Industry".

1823:. They are designed to exploit local tax and insurance relaxations, and in more rural areas are exempted from the requirement to certify that adequate 16480: 5322:, released in 1980, was the first drum machine with the ability to program an entire percussion track of a song from beginning to end, complete with 4756:

or guitar. Designed by audio engineer Fumio Mieda, it was introduced in the 1960s by Japanese company Shin-ei, and then released in North America by

4619:. The controls allowed the user to press more than one preset to combine rhythms. One notable use of a Mini Pops drum machine was by French musician 3484:

sound chip and full MIDI support, which could be used for normal MIDI. The SFG-05 module came integrated with the second CX5M revision, the CX5M II.

2629:. This later became known as the "Busicom Project". His initial design consisted of seven LSI chips, including a three-chip CPU. His design included 15509: 3571:

to other sound card manufacturers, it established a universal standard MIDI-to-PC interface. The widespread adoption of MIDI led to computer-based

3122: 418:. Toshihide Maskawa and Makoto Kobayashi's 1973 article, "CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction", is the fourth most cited 16040: 13175: 3712:

was invented by Sharp's Shinji Kato and Takaaki Miyazaki in May 1975, and then improved by Fumiaki Funada and Masataka Matsuura in December 1975.

1174: 1140: 15385: 12784: 11412: 1488: 952: 16358: 16291: 9247: 3419:, while the CX5M was a YIS-503 Diabolik MSX computer with a built-in SFG-01 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit sound module. The CX5M was marketed as an 3341:, released in 1980, was programmed using a proprietary Yamaha computer, which at the time was only available at Yamaha's headquarters in Japan ( 2947:

The first personal computers based on the Intel 8080 were the Sord SMP80/x series, released in 1974. They were the first microcomputers with an

1094:

This furnace recovered by-products through a regenerative burning apparatus, invented by Kuroda Taizo (黒田泰造 1883–1961) in 1918, engineer at the

17533: 15456: 11209: 6798: 4910:, adding improvements such as the "key scaling" method to avoid the introduction of distortion that normally occurred in analog systems during 3792:

features. Until 1990, the Japanese MUSE standard was the front-runner among the more than 23 different technical concepts under consideration.

3521: 15235: 14545: 12309: 9606: 4550:

circuitry on Donca-Matic DC-11 in the mid-1960s, and in 1966, bulky mechanical-wheels were also replaced with compact transistor circuitry on

2578:. He discussed the concept at a brainstorming meeting that was held in Japan. Sasaki attributes the basic invention to break the chipset of a 1183:, which could launch her infantry landing craft using an internal rail system and a stern ramp. She entered service in 1935 and saw combat in 16600: 6704: 3864:. The release of Sharp's large LCD TV in 1988 led to Japan launching an LCD industry, which developed large-size LCD displays, including TFT 3189: 639: 16624: 16179: 6067:

Municipal Industrial Research Institute invented two additive methods for fabricating three-dimensional plastic models with photo-hardening

4925:

was the first commercial digital synthesizer. selling for $ 69.95. The first commercial FM digital synthesizer was the Yamaha GS-1 in 1980.

2683:

Tadashi Sasaki who presented the concept to Busicom and Intel in 1968. The single-chip microprocessor design was then formulated by Intel's

2453:

in electronic transistor computers dates back to 1961, with the KT-Pilot, an early microprogram-controlled electronic computer developed by

17409: 15078: 1216:(radio) played a critically important role. Wireless telegraphy played an important role from the start. At 04:55, Captain Narukawa of the 13675: 13332: 12993: 9874:

The Digital Consumer Technology Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Devices, Standards, Future Directions, and Programmable Logic Solutions

3860:

in 1986, based on color TFT LCD technology. In 1988, Sharp introduced the first commercial large LCD television, a 14" TFT LCD model with

3665:, small enough to fit in a large pocket, the Panasonic IC TV Model TR-001. It featured a 1.5-inch display, along with a 1.5-inch speaker. 446:, was the result of this work. Kobayashi and Maskawa were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the origin of the 17583: 17578: 17548: 17538: 17528: 10074: 7595: 5776:, produced by Roland and released in 1987. Its features include LA synthesis, on-board effects, a joystick for data manipulation, and an 3470: 3400:

with capabilities such as synthesizing and sequencing sounds and rhythms. They provided synthesis, composition tools, and a 4-track MIDI

13903: 4603:

series of drum machines, introduced in 1967, were notable for "natural metallic percussion" sounds and incorporating controls for drum "

2381:

The ETL Mark III began development in 1954, and was completed in 1956, created by Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory. It was the first

663:, Japan. It seems that his award was given in recognition of the fact that his battery was already being exported to foreign countries. 17588: 17573: 17553: 14857: 13696: 12189: 11358: 9255: 6804: 16562: 3708:

LCD) display was demonstrated by a Sharp team consisting of Kohei Kishi, Hirosaku Nonomura, Keiichiro Shimizu and Tomio Wada. The LCD

2369:, began development in 1951 and was completed in 1952. It was developed by the Electrotechnical Laboratory using relays, based on the 2152:

system, for professional use. In 1983, Sony released the first consumer camcorder, the Betamovie BMC-100P, and JVC released the first

1313:

to study and buy a regular version of the Whitehead torpedo. While there, they believed that they had stumbled onto evidence that the

32: 17197: 16647: 14698:

The Synthesizer: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Programming, Playing, and Recording the Ultimate Electronic Music Instrument

8118: 6750: 3572: 3397: 2442:, to indicate whether seats in a train were vacant or reserved, for communications with terminals, printing reservation notices, and 1550: 996:

in 1911. It was at Tohoku University that he invented cobalt steel. Later, he recalled the way he created this world-class material:

14136: 13810: 12661: 1412:

refined his flamethrower designs, aided by engineer and soldier Bernhard Reddemann. The Japanese are credited with the first use of

15991: 15723: 9006: 2202:(RCC) because there are some differences in their design and construction philosophies. The Japanese design is widely influential. 1465: 1453:

invented numerous weaving devices. His most famous invention was the automatic power loom in which he implemented the principle of

435: 16693: 14057: 13371: 12864: 7515: 6084:

in 1974. However, the earliest hydrographic patent was filed by Motoyasu Nakanishi of Kabushiki Kaisha Cubic Engineering in 1982.

5847:

was the Sony OA-D30V, released in 1981. Sony's initial 3½-inch floppy disk format was dual-sided and held 875 KB of data storage.

2345:

in 1954. It was a digital computer element. Parametrons were used in Japanese computers from 1954 to the early 1960s, such as the

2254:, in 1963. Nishizawa invented other technologies that contributed to the development of optical fiber communications, such as the 2097:. The prototype body shared many features with the N8008. In 1988, Nikon released the first commercial DSLR camera, the QV-1000C. 17277: 16548: 13252: 7940: 3083: 2955:

released an early 16-bit microcomputer, the Lkit-16, based on the 16-bit Panafacom MN1610 microprocessor they developed in 1975.

1667:, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests. In 1969, Matsushita released it as the 1433:, Japanese combat engineers had used hand pumps to spray kerosene into Russian trenches. Once the Russians were covered with the 1062:

1921 the works invited six American scholars and engineers, led by Dr W. R. Appleby, the Head of the Department of Metallurgy at

898:, which he discovered independently, can describe the operation of switching circuits. Nakashima's switching circuit theory used 99: 16834: 15410: 13271: 10516: 9217: 2656:

system. Busicom then wanted a general-purpose LSI chipset, for not only desktop calculators, but also other equipment such as a

2610:

desktop calculator which led to the 4004's creation. Sasaki thus played a key role in the creation of the first microprocessor.

477:) was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki, Yuriko Kurose and Takashi Suzuki when they were working at Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now 5026: 3808: 3781: 1503: 17621: 16447: 7736: 7571: 6752:

Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series on the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory

545:

is where the same event is given contradictory interpretations by different individuals involved. The concept originates from

222:. He was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP". 17798: 17563: 17487: 17137: 16415: 16159: 15887: 15688: 15605: 15568: 15487: 15324: 15124: 15028: 14994: 14957: 14807: 14782: 14751: 14653: 14614: 14580: 14525: 14388: 14358: 14324: 14293: 14231: 14178: 14120: 14002: 13771: 13731: 13648: 13575: 13548: 13448: 13421: 13346: 13208: 13048: 13021: 12962: 12929: 12747: 12400: 12341: 12034: 11937: 11897: 11750: 11628: 11568: 11500: 11466: 11147: 11052: 11027: 10340: 10276: 10162: 10058: 9998: 9920: 9886: 9796: 9710: 9663: 9295: 9058: 8662: 8605: 8567: 8468: 8438: 8362: 8329: 8296: 8094: 8017: 7857: 7639: 7436: 7389: 7356: 7280: 6767: 6431: 5433:, which adopted most of its features from the DCB protocol, including the same type of connectors as the DIN sync interface. 4973:

memory, and single-channel audio. There were no North American companies interested in his prototype, until Japanese company

1903:, a desktop calculator released in 1969, was the first calculator to have its logic circuitry entirely implemented with LSI ( 1487:. The technical breakthrough for the design was attributed to the engineering genius of a single inventor and buddhist monk, 324: 15675:

I Believe in Music: Life Experiences and Thoughts on the Future of Electronic Music by the Founder of the Roland Corporation

13225: 5085:

was another early commercial user of the MC-8, having used it from the late 1970s to the 1980s. Other notable users include

1285:

tubes, reached 19 knots (35 km/h), and at 203 tons, was the largest torpedo boat built to date. In her trials in 1889,

17257: 17232: 17147: 17127: 17047: 17037: 17002: 14194: 9960: 9813: 7218:

Pagliaroli, G.; Vissani, F.; Costantini, M. L. & Ianni, A. (2009). "Improved analysis of SN1987A antineutrino events".

3748: 2419: 1380:

explosive that the Japanese had developed a new type of shell for. The shell was thin-skinned, allowing more space for the

1111: 650: 13537:

Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time

13121: 5487:

interface, released in 1983, which eventually superseded it. DIN sync was also adopted by non-Roland instruments, such as

5483:, followed by other Roland equipment in 1981, including the CR-8000, TR-606, TB-303 and EP-6060. It was the basis for the 980:. Honda's discovery formed an important basis for Japan's world-leading position in this field. Always been interested in 649:. Unfortunately, the company Yai founded no longer exists. An award was granted for a dry cell battery by Yai at the 1903 17497: 17482: 17432: 17222: 17097: 10691: 3513:

Voicing Program, YRM-501 FM Music Composer II, YRM-502 FM Voicing program, YRM-504 Yamaha FM Music Macro II, and YRM-506

1255:

of the Naval Warfare Institute had built and demonstrated a wireless telegraphy set in 1900, and equipment from the firm

16245: 13896:[A new musical instrument that marks a new era is completed by a young engineer from Hamamatsu, Mr. Yamashita]. 12582: 7415:

The Japanese Sake Bible: Everything You Need to Know About Great Sake With Tasting Notes & Scores for 100 Top Brands

4670:, which reached No. 2 in Britain in 1969. It used a "slow rock" rhythm preset on Ace Tone's FR-1 Rhythm Ace. The German 17237: 17192: 17162: 17062: 13761: 7008: 5657: 3857: 2262:. He patented the graded-index optical fiber in 1964. The solid-state optical fiber was invented by Nishizawa in 1964. 1699:

DJs began using the Technics SL-1200s as musical instruments to manipulate records with turntablism techniques such as

677: 9273: 1931:

The first portable calculators appeared in Japan in 1970, and were soon marketed around the world. These included the

938:

The first true screen-grid valve, with a screen grid designed for this purpose, was patented by Hiroshi Ando in 1919.

17447: 17262: 17157: 17042: 17032: 16799: 16727: 16130: 15915: 15798: 10198: 10192: 9146: 8534: 8501: 8395: 8192: 7664: 6656: 6555: 5312: 3501:, YRM-102/YRM12 FM Voicing Program, YRM-103/YRM13 DX-7 Voicing Program, YRM-104/YRM15 Yamaha FM Music Macro, YRM-105 2846: 914:

design with his switching circuit theory, using a form of Boolean algebra as a way to analyze and design circuits by

156: 16495:

Shibasaki, T.; Hayashi, M. (September 1991). "Top-blown injection smelting and converting: The Mitsubishi process".

15834: 12827: 5429:

in 1980, considered groundbreaking at the time, followed by other Roland equipment in 1981. It was the precursor to

17402: 17307: 17242: 17207: 17142: 17122: 17112: 16652: 16407: 14437: 14404: 14261: 14032: 11620: 11492: 9991:

Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Roller Compacted Concrete Dams, Madrid, Spain, 17-19 November 2003

9986: 7631: 6759: 6452: 4321: 2783:

and Masatoshi Shima. Shima was employed to implement the transistor-level logic of the 8080. In 1975, Shima joined

2473:

loaded with business applications, Japanese manufacturers invented highly compact office computers, with hardware,

2430:

for trains. The MARS-1 was capable of reserving seat positions, and was controlled by a transistor computer with a

2415: 738: 78: 16955: 14380:

The Guitar Player Book: 40 Years of Interviews, Gear, and Lessons from the World's Most Celebrated Guitar Magazine

8041: 3071:'s School of Engineering, by professors Ohmura Kouichi, Shirakawa Isao and Kawata Toru with 50 students. It was a 1335:

was let in gradually to replace it. The men also took certain precautions to avoid contact between the oxygen and

17745: 17202: 17182: 17117: 17092: 17082: 17067: 14892: 11398: 10755: 9075: 8216: 6956: 5094: 66: 15855: 9369: 9162: 8595: 6918: 2469:

Compact office computers originated from Japan in the early 1960s. While American offices at the time ran large

17783: 17689: 17477: 17102: 17011: 14827: 9833: 9735: 7819: 7055: 5073: 5061: 4895: 3431: 3009:

was developed by a team led by Yashi Terakura at Commodore Japan in 1981, and was a predecessor to the popular

2671:

In 1969, Busicom asked Intel, a company founded one year earlier in 1968 for the purpose of making solid state

1499: 16017: 15267: 14463: 5821:

in 1950. He received a Japanese patent in 1952, and a 1958 American patent, for a magnetic disk record sheet.

5436:

DCB was introduced in 1980 with the Roland TR-808, followed by other Roland equipment, including the CR-8000,

1344:, which has become known in the West as the "long-lance" torpedo, generally recognized as the best torpedo of 16783:

Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition (Cat. No.01CH37218)

13499: 6484: 6479: 5422: 4935: 4705: 4401: 4373: 3952: 3505:

Voicing Program, YRM-301 MIDI Recorder YRM-301, YRM-302 RX Editor, YRM-303 MIDI Macro & Monitor, YRM-304

3420: 3237: 3185: 3034: 1237: 1008:

was named 'KS steel' in Japan, since these were the initials of Sumitomo Kichizaemon, the family head of the

447: 360: 15166: 13150: 11089: 9633: 7844:. Vol. 219. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Asia Center (Distributed by Harvard University Press). 7152: 6900: 4666:

drum machines in the early 1970s. The first major pop song to use a drum machine was "Saved by the Bell" by

1687:, released in 1972 and remaining the most widely used turntable in DJ culture for the next several decades. 232:, "methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules" and for "soft desorption 17755: 17717: 17472: 10570: 9912: 9436: 5879: 5864: 5789: 5548: 4688: 3735:, which led to the release of the first commercial TFT LCD displays by three of its subsidiaries. In 1982, 1754: 1116:

was the world's first purpose-built aircraft carrier to be completed. She was commissioned in 1922 for the

407: 17457: 15050: 7680: 4708:"/"Funky Me" featured a distinctive use of a Roland drum machine and keyboard arrangement on both tracks. 2077:. This camera was an analog electronic camera that featured interchangeable lenses and an SLR viewfinder. 17854: 17750: 17707: 17395: 13465: 13438: 13411: 12844: 6214: 5998: 5739: 4963: 4683: 3991: 3923:

in 1989. Epson's 3LCD technology went on to be adopted by about 40 different projector brands worldwide.

3466: 3213: 3056: 2751:(μPD751), released in April 1973, combining the μPD707 and μPD708 into a single microprocessor. In 1973, 2427: 1420:

were prone to suffer huge losses in front of well-guarded fortresses. They used animal organ oil and the

1252: 892: 292: 291:, which he was unaware of until 1938. In a series of papers published from 1934 to 1936, he formulated a 15950: 8527:

The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War

5228:

released the Rhythm Producer FR-15 that enables the modification of the pre-programmed rhythm patterns.

4818:

standard of guitar effects for decades, with many guitarists relying on them for sonic experimentation.

733:(CRT) television with thermal electron emission. In 1926, he demonstrated a CRT television with 40-line 17598: 16050: 15377: 15316: 14112: 13185: 10332: 9856: 9818: 7030: 6505: 5915: 5825:

planned to commercialized his magnetic disc sheet recorder in 1960. He licensed a number of patents to

4301: 4226: 4007: 3811: 2779:, released in 1974, was the first general-purpose microprocessor. The 8-bit Intel 8080 was designed by 2613:

The first commercial microprocessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004, began with the "Busicom Project" in 1968 as

2575: 2273:(1957) being the light source, the graded-index optical fiber (1964) as the transmission line, and the 1952: 1612: 1289:

demonstrated that she could exceed the role of coastal defense, and was capable of accompanying larger

1154: 1067: 1021:

MKM steel, an alloy containing nickel and aluminum, was developed in 1931 by the Japanese metallurgist

423: 16476: 16116: 15622: 15547: 15532: 13866: 12794: 11421: 10870: 10139:. Japan Annual Reviews in Electronics, Computers & Telecommunications. Tokyo: Ohmsha. p. 338. 9324: 4629:(1976). This rhythm was achieved by overlaying two of the presets. He also used it for his 1978 album 2210:

The successful technological development of the new suspension preheater (NSP) kiln prompted Japanese

985: 930:

in the United States during the late 1930s to 1940s, and by Goto Mochinori in Japan during the 1940s.

484: 17842: 17437: 14986: 13301: 12376: 9259: 8172:. Japan Annual Reviews in Electronics, Computers & Telecommunications. Tokyo: Ohmsha. p. ii. 6818:"Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes coding for variable and constant regions" 6052: 5818: 5161: 5007: 4461: 4099: 3975: 3524:

MIDI module, which was effectively an SFG-05 in a standalone, portable case. FB-01 is an independent

3275:

computer in July 1980, receiving a patent for the invention. Seiko's notebook computer, known as the

2963: 2937: 2764: 2571: 2243: 2199: 2044: 1975: 1777: 1476: 1416:

to project a flammable liquid. As early as the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese army discovered that

199: 15593:

Analog Synthesizers: Understanding, Performing, Buying—From the Legacy of Moog to Software Synthesis

14923: 14555: 14518:

Analog Synthesizers: Understanding, Performing, Buying—From the Legacy of Moog to Software Synthesis

11217: 10216: 9035:"Chapter 21 - Analog Turns Digital: Hip-Hop, Technology, and the Maintenance of Racial Authenticity" 8686: 8240: 6608: 6130:

in Japan, where it was in development since 1958. It was eventually released to the public in 1969.

5754:

synthesizer in 1987. LA synthesis was since used by a number of other Roland equipment, such as the

4958:

In the early 1970s, Ralph Dyck, a Canadian composer and technologist, developed a prototype digital

4498:

Since the 1970s, a number of Japanese companies began selling popular electronic drum kits, notably

3192:. The 7220 project was started in 1979, and a paper was published in 1981. It debuted in Japan with 2857:

series of microprocessors, introduced in 1992. The SuperH instruction set was later adapted for the

17654: 17442: 17019: 16995: 15649: 13924: 12893: 10268: 6717: 6199: 5528: 4841: 4551: 4543: 4453: 4204: 4170: 4141:, stating that it "enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources", for applications such as 3861: 3357: 3157: 2738: 2730: 2709: 2679: 2657: 2370: 1542: 1129: 888: 376: 241: 187: 148: 16118:

Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from its earliest beginnings to the present day

13040:

Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from its Earliest Beginnings to the Present Day

13013:

Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from its earliest beginnings to the present day

12813:"From Cathode Rays to Digital Micromirrors: A History of Electronic Projection Display Technology" 12764:"Fujitsu Develops Breakthrough Technology for High-Resolution PDPs Suited for High-Definition TVs" 7003: 6722: 17793: 17697: 17679: 17512: 17507: 16648:"Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model with photo hardening polymer" 16632: 16187: 14701: 13177:

The implementation of a personal computer-based digital facsimile information distribution system

12333: 9138: 9050: 5414: 4063: 4003: 3221: 3173: 3064: 2990: 2850: 2705: 2622: 2563: 2431: 2382: 2323: 2224: 1905: 1888: 1769: 1493: 1268: 1158: 1150: 1149:

ship to be designed as such, to carry and launch landing craft making it a pioneer of modern-day

1063: 1046: 644: 488: 380: 37: 15290:– Sakata Shokai/Ace Tone Rhythm Producer, a successor of Rhythm Ace after the reconstruction of 13600: 4844:

processor developed by Boss, originally for the RRV-10 Digital Reverb in the Micro Rack series.

4646:

As the result of their robustness and compact size, rhythm machines were gradually installed on

3528:

microprocessor system that sends and receives data from YM2164. The FB-01 was released in 1986.

1277:), built in 1885. Designed to Japanese specifications and ordered from the Isle of Dogs, London 17760: 17702: 17669: 17636: 17502: 16363: 15054: 11857: 10521: 9529: 9192: 6746: 6712: 6674: 6632: 6531: 5769: 5664: 5641: 5564: 5532: 5351: 5150: 4856: 4434: 4409: 4138: 3060: 2951:. The SMP80/x series marked a major leap toward the popularization of microcomputers. In 1977, 2827:

single-chip microprocessor, the MN1610. According to Fujitsu, it was "the world's first 16-bit

2525:. Later Japanese computer music compositions include a piece by Kenjiro Ezaki presented during 2399:. A modified version of the ETL Mark IV, the ETL Mark IV A, was introduced in 1958, as a fully 1713: 1648: 1554: 1180: 1117: 352: 147:

titled "A molecular theory of reactivity in aromatic hydrocarbons." He later received the 1981

16401: 15680: 15591: 14980: 14943: 14737: 14637: 14598: 14344: 14279: 14217: 13988: 13621: 13565: 13038: 13011: 12637: 11883: 11734: 11614: 11558: 11516:

Tetsuji Oguchi; Misao Higuchi; Takashi Uno; Michiori Kamaya; Munekazu Suzuki (February 1981).

11486: 11446: 11256: 11133: 10931: 10517:"The History of Electronic and Computer Music in Japan: Significant Composers and Their Works" 10082: 9872: 9694: 9034: 8982: 7790: 7625: 7603: 7544: 6876: 5836: 5609:

demonstrated MIDI by connecting the Prophet 600 to a Jupiter-6 during the January 1983 Winter

2759:

microprocessor. The project began in 1971, when Toshiba began developing a microprocessor for

2265:

Hardware elements providing the basis of internet technology, the three essential elements of

1986:

LE-120A "HANDY", the first single-chip calculator to be built, released in February 1971. The

1745:

plane trips, and presented the idea to Kihara. The Walkman was commercially released in 1979.

17831: 17737: 17722: 17674: 17492: 16270: 15877: 15779:"The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to" 15477: 15435: 15308: 15110: 14310: 14166: 14104: 13961: 13721: 12919: 12615: 12560: 12422: 12020: 11923: 11645: 11616:

The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images are Made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR

11588: 11488:

The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images are Made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR

10326: 10046: 9782: 9132: 7470: 7194: 7170: 6210: 6068: 5860: 5606: 5544: 5239:

programmable rhythm machine, with four memory banks to store user patterns, and controls for

5130: 4928:

The mainstream breakthrough for digital synthesis came with the 1983 release of the FM-based

4272: 4198: 2630: 2287: 2266: 2251: 2048: 1920: 1877: 1708: 1590: 1480: 1146: 976:

Magnetic resistant steel that is three times more resistant than tungsten steel, invented by

827: 726: 229: 16895: 15778: 13706: 12197: 11366: 11115: 10802: 9906: 9393: 3641:

television in 1968. The Trinitron television was invented by Sony's Susumu Yoshida in 1968.

3430:

It expands upon the normal features expected from these systems with a built-in eight-voice

2550:, by Masao Komura and Koji Fujino, created at the Computer Technique Group, Japan, in 1967. 1887:

was the Casio 001, released in 1965. In 1967, Casio released the AL-1000, the world's first

1236:

in 1897. He witnessed firsthand the capabilities of radio telegraphy and sent a memo to the

17808: 17803: 17727: 17616: 17606: 16661: 16572: 16506: 14896: 14223: 13077: 10474: 9851: 9788: 8987: 8947: 7902: 7308: 7237: 7085: 6965: 6830: 6402:

Bell, J.; Johnstone, B. & Nakaki, S. (1985-03-21). "The new face of Japanese science".

6374: 6319: 6280: 5883: 5777: 5508: 5042: 4986: 4911: 4906:

since 1971. Yamaha's engineers began adapting Chowning's algorithm for use in a commercial

4822: 4265: 4035: 3919:

3LCD-based VPJ-700, released in January 1989, and an LCD color video projector released by

3705: 3630: 3272: 3134: 3042: 2918: 2911: 2893: 2885:

designed a number of Intel peripheral chips. Some of his peripheral chips were used in the

2672: 2404: 1772:, which officially opened in October 1964, with construction commencing in April 1959. The 1691: 1664: 1512: 1430: 955:

created the first double-coil bulb using a coiled coil tungsten filament while working for

851: 795: 782:

The first observation of interaction between meteors and radio propagation was reported by

746: 16010:"The Best USB MIDI Drum Pads for Beginners – How to choose a USB MIDI Drum Pad Controller" 15281: 11690: 11068: 10852: 9493: 9468: 6781: 5045:

which allowed a maximum sequence length of 5,200 notes, a huge step forward from the 8–16

3759:

released the ET-10, the first full-color, pocket LCD television. Seiko Hattori subsidiary

1322:

in 1928. By the end of that year, intensive research and experimentation had begun at the

1153:. These concepts pioneered by Shinshū Maru persist to the current day, in the U.S. Navy's 8: 17813: 17778: 17770: 17659: 17649: 17317: 16988: 16045: 15552: 15517: 15358: 15146: 14722: 14645: 14606: 14144: 13820: 13440:

Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption

12278: 12263: 12081: 11821: 11794: 11766: 11742: 9702: 7990: 7814: 7491: 6160: 6123: 6016: 5934: 5773: 5602: 5512: 5476: 5410: 5053:

parts within the overall sequence; and eight-channel polyphony, allowing the creation of

4907: 4903: 4871: 4868: 4289: 4235: 4087: 4070: 3720: 3662: 3616: 3477: 3443: 3338: 3126: 3082:, used for rendering realistic 3D graphics with high-speed ray tracing. According to the 2692:

to make it useful as a printer's buffer and keyboard interface, many improvements in the

2634: 2400: 2385: 2346: 2338: 2270: 2259: 1844: 1773: 1546: 1213: 1125: 899: 859: 605: 555:, where a murder is described in four mutually contradictory ways by its four witnesses. 492: 419: 16665: 16510: 15236:"How the 808 drum machine got its cymbal, and other tales from music's geeky underbelly" 13845: 13517: 13081: 11191: 10492: 8951: 8886: 7906: 7312: 7249: 7241: 7089: 6969: 6834: 6378: 6323: 6284: 3457:

The SFG-01 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit, released in 1983, uses several chips, including a

2373:

formulated by Akira Nakashima in the 1930s and advanced by Goto Mochinori in the 1940s.

902:

for Boolean algebraic operations. Nakashima's work was later cited and elaborated on in

17788: 17644: 17626: 17611: 17418: 16805: 16522: 15783: 15116: 14068: 14037: 13934: 13815: 13392: 13098: 13065: 12872: 12305: 12002: 11536: 11238: 11139: 10973: 10546: 10538: 10456: 10438: 10415: 10361: 9349: 8787: 8770: 8421: 7863: 7718: 7523: 7326: 7253: 7227: 6792: 6343: 6103: 5747: 5707: 5598: 5516: 5406: 5217: 5003: 4974: 4915: 4875: 4864: 4852: 4833: 4821:

Boss Corporation's DD-2 Digital Delay, released in 1983, was the world's first digital

4792: 4776: 4663: 4511: 4499: 4492: 4449: 4445: 4329: 4248: 4111: 4059: 4027: 3995: 3957: 3916: 3789: 3537: 3435: 3331: 3229: 3177: 3169: 3075: 3072: 2801: 2760: 2638: 2626: 2494: 2439: 2353:

built in 1958, due to being reliable and inexpensive, but were ultimately surpassed by

2291: 2255: 2239: 2070: 1910: 1880: 1470: 1426: 1398: 1323: 1209: 1095: 734: 722: 695: 686: 609: 568: 567:, patents and inventions failed to attract much public attention. From the time of the 530: 466: 462: 368: 359:

was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for his 1960 discovery of the mechanism of

268: 16180:"'Japan's Edison' Is Country's Gadget King: Japanese Inventor Holds Record for Patent" 15673: 13640: 10397: 10379: 10245: 8710: 8629: 7959: 7935: 7709:

Quan, Guan (2001). "Technological Innovations and the Patent System in Prewar Japan".

6853: 6817: 5334:

decay controls that could lengthen the sound to create uniquely low frequencies which

17838: 17543: 17372: 16809: 16795: 16526: 16411: 16382: 16155: 16126: 15911: 15883: 15684: 15601: 15483: 15457:"This New Doc About the Invention That Changed Music Is a Must-Watch for Music Nerds" 15320: 15120: 15024: 14990: 14953: 14803: 14778: 14747: 14649: 14610: 14521: 14384: 14354: 14320: 14289: 14227: 14174: 14116: 13998: 13767: 13727: 13644: 13571: 13544: 13444: 13417: 13342: 13204: 13103: 13044: 13017: 12958: 12925: 12743: 12337: 12030: 11971: 11933: 11893: 11746: 11624: 11564: 11515: 11496: 11462: 11143: 11048: 11023: 10904: 10785: 10550: 10336: 10272: 10188: 10158: 10054: 10004: 9994: 9916: 9882: 9792: 9706: 9671: 9556: 9444: 9412: 9225: 9142: 9054: 9042: 8963: 8751: 8747: 8668: 8658: 8611: 8601: 8573: 8563: 8540: 8530: 8507: 8497: 8474: 8464: 8434: 8401: 8391: 8368: 8358: 8335: 8325: 8302: 8292: 8269: 8198: 8188: 8100: 8090: 8023: 8013: 8010:

Wireless: A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of High-Frequency Electric Signalling

7871: 7853: 7660: 7635: 7418: 7395: 7385: 7362: 7352: 7276: 7257: 6858: 6773: 6763: 6590: 6456: 6427: 6335: 6310: 5887: 5814: 5504: 5260: 5213: 5138: 5049:

at the time; the allocation of multiple pitch CVs to a single Gate channel, creating

4978: 4620: 4519: 4488: 4353: 4252: 3979: 3920: 3853: 3842: 3697: 3296: 3241: 3095: 2979: 2646: 2567: 2543: 2526: 2489:

parametron computer, and Unoke Denshi Kogyo's USAC-3010. In 1967, NEC introduced the

2389: 2235: 2165: 2148:, as CAMera/reCORDER combinations. That year, Sony released the first camcorder, the 2015: 1990:

desktop calculator, released in March 1971, was the first computing machine to use a

1979: 1971: 1960: 1948: 1170: 1022: 993: 850:, it was the technological equivalent in Japan's new empire-building endeavor to the 803: 503: 411: 280: 237: 152: 16859:

SMPTE Journal: Publication of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

16316: 15016:

Synthesis: An Introduction to the History, Theory & Practice of Electronic Music

12763: 12106: 11826:. Series 1. Episode 14. 1985-05-21. Event occurs at 13:13. PBS – via YouTube. 11540: 11276: 8913: 7465: 5926:. CD-ROM was then introduced by Denon and Sony at a Japanese computer show in 1984. 2069:

system that was portable. On 25 August 1981, Sony unveiled a prototype of the first

1639:

system was developed by Noriko Umeda's team at Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory.

1541:

Since the mid-20th century, Japan has played an important role in diverse fields of

511: 267:

was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the discovery and development of

167:

which occupy the frontier orbitals, that is the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (

17664: 16931: 16787: 16760: 16669: 16514: 16455: 16151: 15461: 14468: 13636: 13093: 13085: 12950: 12739: 12735: 12690: 12573:"Milestone Products: The world's first television-watch, with an active-matrix LCD" 12496: 12478: 11665: 11528: 11525:

1981 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers

11450: 10781: 10728:[1970s Development and evolution of microcomputers - Integrated circuits]. 10648: 10530: 10305: 9116: 9011: 8955: 8812: 8782: 8743: 8426: 7910: 7845: 7770: 7330: 7316: 7245: 7093: 6983: 6973: 6848: 6838: 6758:. Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40. 6582: 6510: 6419: 6382: 6327: 6288: 6206: 6184: 5629: 5621: 5594: 5568: 5560: 5488: 5386:

for North America in 1981. The most influential bass synthesizer-sequencer was the

5371: 5355: 5350:, used on more hit records than any other drum machine, and shaping genres such as 5304: 5169: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5086: 5078: 4780: 4753: 4647: 4563: 4431: 4405: 4222: 4095: 4039: 3967: 3961: 3865: 3732: 3709: 3502: 3424: 3141: 3068: 2971: 2948: 2858: 2828: 2824: 2756: 2653: 2642: 2583: 2474: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2366: 2311: 2113: 2066: 1967: 1780:, achieved maximum passenger service speeds of 210 km/h (130 mph) on the 1730: 1684: 1672: 1668: 1636: 1434: 1310: 1306: 1278: 1241: 1229: 1050: 1005: 923: 730: 431: 264: 16913: 16068: 15576: 15142:"The Top 30 Instruments and Innovations of Roland's Ikutaro Kakehashi (1930–2017)" 12408: 12059:"Happy birthday MIDI 1.0: Slave to the rhythm, Part Two: The notes in the machine" 9676: 9303: 8839: 8560:

Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941

8461:

Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941

7842:

Technology of Empire: Telecommunications and Japanese expansion in Asia, 1883-1945

7444: 7349:

Japanese-German Business Relations Co-operation and Rivalry in the Interwar Period

7271:

Davenport, Christian (2010). "Rashomon Effect, Observation, and Data Generation".

7111: 6347: 6209:

equipment that were digital in their internal workings were introduced, including

6051:

Invented by SATO corporation, a Japanese company. They produced the world's first

5220:

in 1972, Kakehashi had discussed the idea of a programmable drum machine while at

3469:, YM2210 MIDI communications chip, YM2148 keyboard scanning chip, and YM2148 MIDI 1627:

in 1980, and commercially introduced with their compact disc (CD) format in 1982.

1233: 518:

detection, and Koshiba's work also resulted in the first real-time observation of

16980: 16876: 16857: 16430: 16226: 16112: 15908:

Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter, and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music

15440: 15363: 15209: 15014: 15010: 14716: 14500: 14378: 13994: 13181: 13007: 12954: 12642: 12555: 12514: 12427: 12327: 11838: 11556: 11163: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10825: 10725: 10632: 10134: 9838: 8167: 6331: 6231: 5822: 5743: 5727: 5679: 5524: 5464: 5375: 5284: 5126: 5082: 5022: 4966: 4959: 4939: 4737: 4625: 4569: 4566:), and Mini Pops was established as a series of compact desktop rhythm machines. 4559: 4484: 4297: 4208: 4186: 4084: 3932: 3908: 3835: 3626: 3545: 3447: 3401: 3225: 3130: 2983: 2882: 2865:

instruction set. Compressed instructions appeared in the ARM architecture, after

2842: 2780: 2726: 2713: 2693: 2649: 2614: 2510: 2350: 2295: 2282: 2194: 2101: 1999: 1936: 1884: 1765: 1579: 1409: 1341: 895: 783: 572: 542: 384: 372: 312: 288: 219: 119: 16878:

First USA-Japan Computer Conference Proceedings: October 3–5, 1972, Tokyo, Japan

16340: 14202: 12532: 12236: 9936: 8136: 8066: 7135:日本物理学会年会講演予稿集 (Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan) 5160:

The MC-8 was the first in the Microcomposer family of sequencers, including the

2625:

chipset, along with his supervisor Tadashi Tanba, for use in the Busicom 141-PF

183: 16275: 16122: 16073: 15839: 15171: 14901: 14550: 14350: 13966: 13257: 12986:"Jun-ichi Nishizawa: Engineer, Sophia University Special Professor (interview)" 12808: 12727: 12708: 12460: 12442: 11532: 11458: 10670: 10636: 10595: 9778: 6243: 6139: 5950: 5661: 5449: 5292: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5118: 5090: 5046: 5015: 5011: 4982: 4970: 4717: 4600: 4596: 4588: 4573: 4555: 4539: 4286: 4174: 4118: 4107: 3971: 3881: 3869: 3716: 3580: 3498: 3487: 3439: 3200:

of personal computers in 1982, and then released independently. The 7220 had a

3197: 3161: 3079: 3022: 2797: 2697: 2689: 2665: 2591: 2559: 2506: 2408: 2274: 1991: 1606: 1586:, in the 1960s. The first commercial digital recordings were released in 1971. 1529:. It was first developed by Ichiro Sakurada, H. Kawakami, and Korean scientist 1484: 1450: 1413: 1381: 1331:

were minimized by using natural air at the start of the engine's ignition, and

1246: 1009: 927: 911: 903: 855: 811: 771: 672: 546: 515: 356: 16765: 16748: 15340: 14675: 13129: 12694: 12218: 11817: 10699: 10023: 10008: 8816: 8755: 8104: 7875: 7422: 7399: 7366: 6308:

Fukui, K. (November 1982). "Role of Frontier Orbitals in Chemical Reactions".

3153: 1690:

DJ turntablism has origins in the invention of direct-drive turntables. Early

576: 450:

which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."

17870: 17366: 16791: 16497: 16208: 16088: 15931: 15073: 14483: 14173:. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. pp. 84–85. 13898: 12666: 12258: 11019: 10745:"The Defense of Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Information Order" 10652: 10310: 10293: 10155:

We Were Burning: Japanese Entrepreneurs and the Forging of the Electronic Age

8672: 8615: 8577: 8478: 8372: 8339: 8306: 8273: 8185:

The Japanese iron and steel industry, 1850-1990: continuity and discontinuity

8027: 7936:"Switching Theory/Relay Circuit Network Theory/Theory of Logical Mathematics" 7076:

Esaki, Leo (1958-01-15). "New Phenomenon in Narrow Germanium p-n Junctions".

6777: 6460: 6404: 6180: 5977: 5810: 5781: 5711: 5699: 5683: 5625: 5617: 5480: 5426: 5387: 5359: 5347: 5323: 5319: 5280: 5268: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5165: 5098: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4784: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4709: 4655: 4604: 4424: 4413: 4389: 4293: 4134: 4130: 4103: 4074: 3940: 3904: 3760: 3724: 3689: 3514: 3510: 3481: 3458: 3451: 3405: 3311: 3300: 3260: 3209: 3181: 3049: 3014: 2994: 2967: 2933: 2900: 2816: 2734: 2717: 2661: 2531: 2247: 2121: 2032: 1840: 1742: 1704: 1616: 1571: 1054: 823: 705: 601: 580: 506:

was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics "for pioneering contributions to

439: 344: 225: 140: 16780:

Stephens, C.E. (2001). "Engineering time: Inventing the quartz wristwatch".

15969: 13070:

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences

12709:"US3881311A patent: Driving arrangement for passive time indicating devices" 12597: 8544: 8511: 8405: 8202: 8087:

The Japanese iron and steel industry, 1850-1990 continuity and discontinuity

7915: 7890: 7867: 7130: 7097: 6843: 3776:

As Japanese consumer electronics firms forged ahead with the development of

1475:(ガラ紡) indigenous technology as a transitional innovation between pre-modern 1357: 16694:"Achievement Award 2014: Pioneering research on three-dimensional printing" 15707: 15627: 15020: 14832: 13230: 13107: 12918:

McCluskey, F. Patrick; Podlesak, Thomas; Grzybowski, Richard (1996-12-13).

12063: 12026: 11517: 11393: 9281: 9038: 7775: 7759:"Possibility of the Radio Transmission being disturbed by Meteoric Showers" 7758: 6594: 6586: 6447:

Hargittai, István (April 1995). "Fukui and Hoffman: Two Conversations — ".

6339: 6164: 5965: 5919: 5840: 5758: 5468: 5335: 5252: 5244: 5232: 5189: 5134: 5122: 5034: 4825: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4769: 4765: 4697: 4608: 4592: 4523: 4515: 4420: 4376: 4341: 4240: 4091: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3553: 3541: 3495: 3416: 3385: 3335: 3010: 2866: 2684: 2676: 2470: 2278: 2169: 1796:

route, with earlier test runs hitting top speeds in 1963 at 256 km/h.

1738: 1454: 1390: 1365: 1345: 1197: 977: 956: 799: 507: 470: 415: 391: 15092: 14082: 9534:

Interview No. 211 for the Center for the History of Electrical Engineering

9111: 8967: 8430: 6703:

Stanković, Radomir S.; Astola, Jaakko T. & Karpovsky, Mark G. (2007).

6198:

system in which chrominance, luminance and sound information were encoded

1855:

released the first commercial lithium-ion battery using Yoshino's design.

17376: 15843:(in Japanese): 140–141. March 1982 – via Tokyosky Webmaster's Blog. 15746:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition

15192: 14949: 13540: 13338: 10656: 7849: 7627:

High Above: The untold story of Astra, Europe's leading satellite company

6862: 6072: 5806: 5785: 5762: 5751: 5682:

are often designed to resemble popular classic drum machines such as the

5649: 5597:

and the Prophet 600, both released in 1982. The first MIDI sequencer was

5577: 5472: 5463:

DIN sync was introduced by Roland Corporation for the synchronization of

5394: 5300: 5288: 5264: 5154: 5146: 5142: 4860: 4368: 4362: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4215: 4031: 4006:), with a short channel length. In 1971, Jun-ichi Nishizawa invented the 3736: 3567:, capable of MIDI sound processing and sequencing. After Roland sold MPU 3381: 3377: 3319: 3315: 3284: 3268: 3087: 3006: 2792: 2767:(EEC) project, which went on to utilize Toshiba's 12-bit microprocessor. 2396: 2342: 2105: 2094: 2074: 1940: 1900: 1852: 1680: 1671:, the first direct-drive turntable on the market, and the first in their 1377: 701: 635: 564: 487:

was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental work in

474: 427: 399: 245: 14412: 14281:

In the Box Music Production: Advanced Tools and Techniques for Pro Tools

13089: 12145: 11996: 9961:"Evolution of the Camera phone: From Sharp J-SH04 to Nokia 808 Pureview" 8137:"United States Patent No. 2,027,997: Permanent magnet containing copper" 7722: 5296: 4631: 3559:

The spread of MIDI on computers was facilitated by Roland Corporation's

3360:

started to play a key role in mainstream music production. In 1982, the

3045:

effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa and released in June 1978 for the

2093:

revealed a prototype digital still SLR camera, the Nikon SVC, the first

1741:. Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans- 87: 16963: 16518: 14442: 14256: 14247: 13789: 10949: 10542: 9080: 6978: 6951: 6195: 5973: 5954: 5844: 5653: 5572: 5556: 5391: 5272: 5054: 4991: 4929: 4922: 4783:

released the CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, which was a stand-alone unit of the

4675: 4667: 4640: 4616: 4584: 4547: 4481: 4427: 4345: 4256: 4182: 4122: 4077: 4023: 3831: 3800: 3744: 3685: 3681: 3568: 3564: 3506: 3474: 3462: 3413: 3346: 2941: 2908: 2890: 2776: 2668:. Shima thus began work on a general-purpose LSI chipset in late 1968. 2618: 2603: 2579: 2435: 2354: 2334: 2125: 2063: 1995: 1944: 1869: 1808: 1700: 1530: 1386: 1314: 1256: 1058: 926:. Nakashima's work on switching circuit theory was further advanced by 919: 767: 758: 690: 682: 320: 300: 233: 16673: 15051:"Yellow Magic Orchestra: The Pre-MIDI Technology Behind Their Anthems" 12357: 10047:"Terahertz wave generation and light amplification using Raman effect" 9757: 8857: 7275:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–73, esp. 55. 7273:

Media Bias, Perspective, and State Repression: The Black Panther Party

6988: 6387: 6362: 6293: 6268: 6075:

area is controlled by a mask pattern or a scanning fiber transmitter.

17387: 16400:

Hopgood, F. R. A.; Hubbold, Roger J. & Duce, David, eds. (1986).

15597: 15294:

brand in 1972, provided feature to modify the pre-programmed rhythms.

14743: 14573:"Chapter 2: FM Tone Generators and the Dawn of Home Music Production" 14316: 14285: 12443:"US3794990A patent: System for driving liquid crystal display device" 11929: 11889: 11708: 9170: 8959: 8938:

Klatt, D. (1987). "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English".

7321: 7296: 6176: 5969: 5942: 5930: 5703: 5610: 5445: 5343: 5331: 5327: 5308: 5276: 5177: 5106: 5050: 4947: 4829: 4799: 4795: 4671: 4473: 4457: 4313: 4261: 4019: 3903:

color projection technology in the 1980s, and licensed it for use in

3677: 3658: 3638: 3361: 3342: 3292: 3205: 2975: 2952: 2862: 2820: 2808: 2788: 2518: 2145: 2086: 1820: 1676: 1656: 1652: 1397:

warheads. It played an important role in the Japanese victory in the

1336: 1328: 981: 867: 847: 763: 742: 526: 458: 395: 364: 228:

was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of

211: 16781: 12732:

2012 Third IEEE HISTory of ELectro-technology CONference (HISTELCON)

12127: 11557:

F. Robert A. Hopgood; Roger J. Hubbold; David A. Duce, eds. (1986).

10534: 8630:"Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures: Shimose Masachika" 3491: 2966:'s M200 Smart Home Computer, released in 1977, was one of the first 2748: 2018:. In 1973, Sharp commercially introduced the first LCD calculators. 15291: 13226:"A Brief History of the ATM: How automation changed retail banking" 12681:

Hart, Jeffrey A. (1998). "Digital Television in Europe and Japan".

12401:"FAQ: Why does my monitor have 1/2/3 faint horizontal lines on it?" 9878: 7466:"(3) Company Growth and the End of National Industrial Exhibitions" 6363:"A Molecular Orbital Theory of Reactivity in Aromatic Hydrocarbons" 6269:"A Molecular Orbital Theory of Reactivity in Aromatic Hydrocarbons" 5792:

with digital synthesis, a process that Roland called LA synthesis.

5687: 5672: 5668: 5492: 5453: 5418: 5383: 5339: 5256: 5225: 5221: 5068: 5038: 4729: 4693: 4679: 4651: 4636: 4477: 4357: 4281: 4142: 4114:, technologies that were commercialized by Japanese entrepreneurs. 3549: 3307: 3304: 3201: 3138: 3115: 3091: 3046: 3002: 2621:. In April 1968, Shima was tasked with designing a special-purpose 2418:

system was created by Mamoru Hosaka, Yutaka Ohno and others at the

2059: 1816: 1421: 1417: 835: 631: 551: 523: 519: 328: 316: 203: 164: 160: 15817:"Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance" 8597:

The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Journey to the Battle of Tsushima

8042:"Products: Trial Production of the World's First Double-Coil Bulb" 7232: 4456:, a multi-timbral keyboard instrument based on electrically blown 4316:

graphics. The Namco Galaxian hardware was widely adopted by other

3180:

chip. This enabled the design of low-cost, high-performance video

2869:

licensed SuperH patents as a basis for its Thumb instruction set.

1764:

The world's first high volume capable (initially 12 car maximum) "

319:

material can rearrange itself to form the vast array of available

126:, Japan is third on the list, behind the United States and China. 17712: 15197: 15097: 14642:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture

14603:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture

13481: 12767: 12170: 10996: 10991: 9634:"The Busicom 141-PF calculator and the Intel 4004 microprocessor" 8291:(1st paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7689:

Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

6230:

The first artificial snowflake was created by Japanese physicist

6191: 5981: 5946: 5903: 5856: 5637: 5552: 5176:

sequencers in the 1980s. The Microcomposer series continued with

5019: 4788: 4749: 4507: 4503: 4384: 4325: 4178: 4043: 3885: 3701: 3560: 3248: 3233: 3119: 3103: 3099: 2835: 2812: 2752: 2733:(ATM) and cash register. The microprocessor became the basis for 2607: 2595: 2514: 2490: 2486: 2458: 2423: 2176: 2149: 1987: 1983: 1824: 1804: 1726: 1696: 1624: 1394: 1361: 1297:, "considered Japan to have effectively invented the destroyer". 1293:

on the high seas. The Yarrow shipyards, builder of the parts for

1290: 1282: 1221: 989: 960: 915: 584: 461:

was awarded the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of

296: 249: 15167:"Tangerine Dream: Changing Use Of Technology, Part 2: 1977–1994" 11043:

Katz, Michael; Levering, Robert & Moskowitz, Milton (1985).

11014:

Katz, Michael; Levering, Robert & Moskowitz, Milton (1985).

9554:"The one-chip calculator is here, and it's only the beginning". 7217: 2438:. It also had a 400,000-bit magnetic drum memory unit, and many 1919:) technology. Upon its introduction, it was one of the smallest 558: 422:

paper of all time as of 2010. They discovered the origin of the

23: 14800:

Refining Sound: A Practical Guide to Synthesis and Synthesizers

13850: 13605: 11650: 11210:"Projects and Articles – Retrieving Japanese Apple II programs" 6952:"CP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction" 6064: 6036: 6020: 5907: 5645: 5441: 5437: 5030: 4837: 4757: 4701: 4599:

MP-2, MP-5 and MP-7 were released in 1967. Korg's Stageman and

4417: 4337: 3728: 3288: 3013:. Also in 1981, Terakura designed the Commodore 64, along with 2998: 2886: 2854: 2211: 2173: 2117: 2109: 2040: 2036: 1915: 1785: 1332: 1187:

and during the initial phase of Japanese offenses during 1942.

1034: 863: 807: 207: 186:

was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his "work on

16896:"The Quest for Home Video: Video discs, the view from the 70s" 16081: 15521:. Vol. 7, no. June 1981 – November 1981. p. 23. 11735:"Profiles of Selected Photographic Film and Digital Companies" 10217:"Why and How I Created Emoji: Interview with Shigetaka Kurita" 9905:

Buckingham, David; Willett, Rebekah & Pini, Maria (2011).

5346:. The TR-808 became one of the most influential inventions in 3755:

released a handheld LCD television, the Casio TV-10. In 1984,

2104:

cameras were developed in Japan from around 2000 to 2002: the

327:"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of 16698: 16567: 15766:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 276. 14858:"Exclusive Interview with Ralph Dyck, Godfather of the MC-8!" 14676:"U.S. Patent 4018121: Method of synthesizing a musical sound" 12945:

Nishizawa, Jun-Ichi (1982). "Junction Field-Effect Devices".

12789: 12577: 12461:"US3781862A patent: Display device for electronic calculator" 9377: 9354: 6143: 6127: 6119: 6107: 6040: 6024: 5911: 5784:, with a distinctive sound that largely defined popular late 5755: 5628:, released in 1983, combined analogue synthesis with digital 4943: 4713: 4612: 4276: 4230: 4158: 4066: 4047: 3912: 3896: 3827: 3765: 3756: 3752: 3740: 3693: 3365: 3280: 3276: 3264: 3217: 2921: 2878: 2784: 2696:, making the RAM organization suitable for a calculator, the 2599: 2478: 2307: 2153: 2090: 1956: 1932: 1873: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1660: 1598: 1583: 1536: 1526: 1319: 1184: 660: 443: 403: 348: 15539:. Vol. 7, no. October 1981. 1981. pp. 82, 88. 14982:

Any Sound You Can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology

13043:(3rd revised and expanded ed.). Elsevier. p. 137. 11359:"Special Features: A micro-computer, the application method" 10208: 10044: 9536:. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 7572:"Milestones:Development of Electronic Television, 1924–1941" 4264:

graphics, where the sprites move along a vertical scrolling

1601:

recorded the first commercial digital recordings, including

1533:

at the Takatsuki chemical research center in 1939 in Japan.

1437:, the Japanese would throw bundles of burning rags at them. 762:

practical use in the world, and in 1913 it was installed in

14062: 13701: 13366:[The History of Handhelds, Part 1 from 1972–1989]. 13201:

Fax: The Principles and Practice of Facsimile Communication

12917: 12849: 11589:"NEC's 7220 GDC chip allows high-resolution color graphics" 9601: 9594:"Masatoshi Shima: An Interview for the IEEE History Center" 6247: 6142:

which was first conceived by Yoshikazu Akahane working for

5899: 5890:

which were manufacturing 8 KB VRAM chips at the time.

5832: 5723: 5633: 5590: 5520: 5484: 5457: 5430: 5379: 5173: 5081:

programming through subtle variations of the MC-8's input.

5064: 4659: 4580: 4535: 4349: 4333: 4207:

was Electro Tic-Tac-Toe, released by Japanese manufacturer

3999: 3936: 3900: 3830:

received a US patent dated February 1971 for an electronic

3815: 3777: 3634: 3389: 3353: 3165: 2915: 2904: 2897: 2839: 2574:

and an unnamed female software engineering researcher from

2141: 2055: 1876:

Computer Company's Model 14-A, released in 1957. The first

1848: 1734: 1620: 478: 172: 168: 15799:"Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Dave Smith" 12598:"Part 1: The Stone Age - First Generation LCD (1983-1986)" 10675:

XNumber: Articles on the History of Electronic Calculators

10105:"New Medal Honors Japanese Microelectrics Industry Leader" 7492:"History 1917 to 1944: Transformation to a Modern Company" 4650:

as accompaniment of organists, and finally spread widely.

2716:

microprocessor concept together, with the help of Intel's

1446:

Automatic power loom with a non-stop shuttle-change motion

14438:"Tribute: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Roland's Impact on Music" 13763:

Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music

13482:"Kasco and the Electro-Mechanical Golden Age (Interview)" 13203:. Chilton Book Company. pp. 112–114, 213 & 239. 11116:"The Game Machines: The Ultimax/Max Machine, 64GS, 64CGS" 10772:

Ogdin, Jerry (January 1975). "Microprocessor scorecard".

10224: 10053:. New Delhi, India: Narosa Publishing House. p. 27. 9076:"History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall" 6267:

Fukui, Kenichi; Yonezawa, Teijiro; Shingu, Haruo (1952).

5938: 5923: 5875: 5871: 5826: 5456:

connectors, and DCB functions were basically the same as

4995: 4154: 4126: 3838: 3804: 3785: 3673: 3604: 3600: 3525: 3393: 3193: 3018: 2744: 2701: 2587: 2482: 2137: 2011: 1812: 1594: 1575: 884: 831: 284: 253: 15992:"Quick Tip: The Mr. Fingers 'Can You Feel It' Bass Line" 13192: 12728:"The history of liquid-crystal display and its industry" 7112:"U.S. patent 3,033,714: Diode type semiconductor device" 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6702: 5829:, reaching licensing agreements with them in the 1970s. 5559:, created in 1981 by engineer Kenji Murata for Japanese 5330:. It also includes volume knobs for each voice, and has 16883:

American Federation of Information Processing Societies

12298:

Midi Processing Unit MPU-401 Technical Reference Manual

11695: