History of Macau - Knowledge

909: 1046: 998: 541: 901: 885: 750: 970: 1357:. This was prompted by government delays in approving a new wing for a Communist Party elementary school in Taipa. The school board illegally commenced construction. the colonial government sent police to stop the workers, and several people were injured in the conflict. On December 3, 1966, two days of rioting occurred in which hundreds were injured and six to eight people were killed, leading also to a total climbdown by the Portuguese government. The event set in motion de facto abdication of Portuguese control over Macau, putting it on the path to eventual decolonization. 4981: 1175: 4144: 802:

Guangzhou–Macau–Nagasaki and Macau–Manila–Mexico. The Guangzhou–Macau–Nagasaki route was particularly profitable because the Portuguese acted as middlemen, shipping Chinese silks to Japan and Japanese silver to China, pocketing huge markups in the process. This already lucrative trade became even more so when Chinese officials handed Macau's Portuguese traders a monopoly by banning direct trade with Japan in 1547, due to piracy by Chinese and Japanese nationals.

4676: 4686: 1034: 782: 746:(~20 kilograms (44 lb)) of silver. Later that year, the Portuguese established a walled village there. Ground rent payments began in 1573. China retained sovereignty and Chinese residents were subject to Chinese law, but the territory was under Portuguese administration. In 1582 a land lease was signed, and annual rent was paid to Xiangshan County. The Portuguese continued to pay an annual tribute up to 1863 in order to stay in Macau. 1446: 790: 1533: 1361: 165: 38: 365: 1159:' gambling was only around US$ 5000 (about US$ 100,000 in modern money) per day. So the financially pressed Portuguese government urged the colony's administrators to develop greater economic self-sufficiency. One channel that bore fruit was as a transit point for the new trans-Pacific passenger and postal flights, for competing airlines from the US and Japan – which was at the time engaged in 957:,"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Portuguese-Cidade do Santo Nome de Deus de Macau, Nao ha outra mais Leal.ogg"},"classes":}": --> 2305: 2362:

about six slaves capable of bearing arms, amongst whom the majority and the best are negroes and such like," as well as a like number of "native families, including Chinese Christians ... who form the majority and other nations, all Christians." 146 (Bocarro may have been mistaken in declaring that all the Chinese in Macao were Christians.)

1080:, Amaral was ambushed and killed by a group of Chinese villagers he encountered while riding outside the city gates. The Portuguese responded with a surprise attack on a nearby Chinese fort, forcing the Chinese to retreat. This was a milestone in the Portugal's assertion of sovereignty over Macau. Portugal gained control of the island of Wanzai ( 2262: 1884:(AD 266–420), then Nanhai County during the Sui dynasty (AD 581–618), and Dongguan County in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907). In 1152, during the Southern Song dynasty, the Guangdong administration joined the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu, Xinhui and Dongguan Counties to establish Xiangshan County, thus bringing Macao under its jurisdiction. 2467: 1100:(signed in Beijing on 1 December 1887) confirmed "perpetual occupation and government" of Macau by Portugal (with Portugal's promise "never to alienate Macau and dependencies without agreement with China" in the treaty). Taipa and Coloane were also ceded to Portugal, but the border with the mainland was not delimited. Ilha Verde ( 1403:, Portugal began a formal process of decolonization. Over the next several years, it made two offers to return the Macau and China rejected both. In 1979, Portugal and China established formal diplomatic relations and reached a secret agreement to characterize Macau as a Chinese territory under Portuguese administration. 958: 1231:, which was occupied by the Japanese in 1942 along with Dutch Timor, the Japanese respected Portuguese neutrality in Macau, but only up to a point. As such, Macau enjoyed a brief period of economic prosperity, being the only neutral port in South China, after the Japanese had occupied Guangzhou (Canton) and 820:

was encouraged to not harm the status quo, to allow trade to continue between Portuguese Macau and Spanish Manila, and to not interfere with Portuguese trade with China. In 1587, Philip promoted Macau from "Settlement or Port of the Name of God" to "City of the Name of God" (Cidade do Nome de Deus de

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Some of these wants and strays found themselves in queer company and places in the course of their enforced sojourn in the Portuguese colonial empire. The Ming Shih's complain that the Portuguese kidnapped not only coolie or Tanka children but even those of educated persons, to their piratical lairs

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Historical records show that Macao has been Chinese territory since long ago. When Qinshihuang (the first emperor of the Qin dynasty) unified China in 221 BC, Macao came under the jurisdiction of Panyu County, Nanhai Prefecture. Administratively, it was part of Dongguan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty

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Intertwined with this economic progress was an alleged and much discussed offer (never officially confirmed) in 1935 by Japan to buy Macau from Portugal, for US$ 100 million. Concerns were raised by the British, and others. In May, the Portuguese government twice denied that it would accept any such

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was signed in a temple in Macau on 3 July 1844. The temple was used by a Chinese judicial administrator, who also oversaw matters concerning foreigners, and was located in the village of Mong Há. The Templo de Kun Iam was the site where, on 3 July 1844, the treaty of Wangxia (named after the village

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hit Southern China in August 2017, causing widespread damage to Macau, never before experienced – major flooding and property damages, with citywide power and water outages lasting for at least 24 hours after the passage of the storm. Overall, 10 deaths and at least 200 injuries were reported. This

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in 1842, and the signing of treaties between China and foreign powers during the 1860s, establishing the benefit of "the most favoured nation" for them, the Portuguese attempted to conclude a similar treaty in 1862, but the Chinese refused, owing to a misunderstanding over the sovereignty of Macau.

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The residents Wu Li strives to reassure (in the third line of this poem) consisted – at least in 1635 when Antonio Bocarro, Chronicler-in-Chief of the State of India, wrote his detailed account of Macao (without actually having visited there) — of some 850 Portuguese families with "on the average

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with a major border incident happening in 1952 with Portuguese African Troops exchanging fire with Chinese Communist border guards. According to reports, the exchange lasted for one-and-three-quarter hours, leaving one dead and several dozens injured on the Macau side and more than 100 casualties

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Wu Li, like Bocarro, noted the presence in Macao both of black slaves and of non-Han Chinese such as the Tanka boat people, and in the third poem of his sequence he combines references to these two groups: Yellow sand, whitewashed houses: here the black men live; willows at the gates like sedge,

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2014 marked the first time that the gambling revenues in Macau declined on a year-to-year basis. Starting in June 2014, gambling revenues declined for the second half of the year on a month-to-month basis (compared with 2013) causing the Macau Daily Times to announce that the "Decade of gambling

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period, this meant that no Japanese were allowed to leave the country (or return if they were living abroad), and no foreign ship was allowed to dock in a Japanese port. An exception was made for the Protestant Dutch, who were allowed to continue to trade with Japan from the confines of a small

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bombed and strafed the hangar of the Naval Aviation Centre on 16 January 1945 to destroy the fuel. American air raids on targets in Macau were also made on 25 February and 11 June 1945. Following Portuguese government protest in 1950, the United States paid US$ 20,255,952 compensation to the

2348: 2219: 836:, when 800 attackers were successfully repelled by 150 Macanese and Portuguese defenders and a large number of African slaves. One of the first actions of Macau's next governor, who arrived the following year, was to strengthen the city's defences, which included the construction of the 801:

Both Chinese and Portuguese merchants flocked to Macau, although the Portuguese were never numerous (numbering just 900 in 1583 and 1200 out of 26,000 in 1640). It quickly became an important node in the development of Portugal's trade along three major routes: Macau–Malacca–Goa–Lisbon,

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along with expressions of loyalty. In return, the King rewarded Macau with the addition of the words "There is none more Loyal" to its existing title. Macau was now "City of the Name of God, Macau, There is none more loyal". ("Cidade do Nome de Deus, Macau, Nao Ha Outra Mais Leal"

2141: 1261:. Combined with its geographical location, this meant that Macau was an ideal hub for the illicit gold trade among those seeking to avoid the price controls on gold imposed by the Bretton Woods Agreement. Following the 1971 U.S. abandonment of the Bretton Woods System through the 1346:(STDM), a syndicate jointly formed by Hong Kong and Macau businessmen, the monopoly rights to all forms of gambling. The STDM introduced western-style games and modernised the marine transport between Macau and Hong Kong, bringing millions of gamblers from Hong Kong every year. 1096:, two islands south of Macau, was obtained between 1851 and 1864. Macau and East Timor were again combined as an overseas province of Portugal under control of Goa in 1883. The Protocol Respecting the Relations Between the Two Countries (signed in Lisbon 26 March 1887) and the 1696:

This led the Macau government to attempt to reconstruct the economy, to depend less on gambling revenues and focus on building world-class non-gambling tourism and leisure centres, as well as developing itself as a platform for economic and trade cooperation between China and

1291:" imposed by foreigners on China. However, Beijing was not ready to settle the treaty question, leaving the maintenance of "the status quo" until a more appropriate time. Beijing took a similar position on treaties relating to the Hong Kong territories of the United Kingdom. 1520:

The visit underscored both parties' interest in finding a mutually agreeable solution to Macau's status. A joint communique signed 20 May 1986 called for negotiations on the Macau question, and four rounds of talks followed between 30 June 1986 and 26 March 1987. The

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court, which now became less interested in new foreign contacts. The Ming Court was also influenced by reports of misbehaviour of Portuguese elsewhere in China, and by the deposed Sultan of Malacca seeking Chinese assistance to drive the Portuguese out of Malacca.

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on 15 January 1988 and the Joint Declaration entered into force. During the transitional period, between the date of the entry into force of the Joint Declaration and 19 December 1999, the Portuguese government was responsible for the administration of Macau.

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groups who sought to gain control of Macau's illicit industries before Portugal transferred the territory back to China. The Portuguese authorities of Macau mostly failed to address the violence, which resulted in 122 deaths, or to catch those responsible.

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After four rounds of talks, "the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the Question of Macau" was officially signed in April 1987. The two sides exchanged instruments of

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suppressed piracy and smuggling in support of Hong Kong's growing commercial status. Traditional local industries of fishing, firecrackers and incense, as well as tea and tobacco processing, were all small scale, while Macau government income from

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Midnight's when the Tanka come and make their harbor here; fasting kitchens for noonday meals have plenty of fresh fish ... The second half of the poem unfolds a scene of Tanka boat people bringing in fish to supply the needs of fasting

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On 29 January 1967, the Portuguese governor, José Manuel de Sousa e Faro Nobre de Carvalho, with the endorsement of Portuguese prime minister Salazar, signed a statement of apology at the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, under a portrait of

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3 Yellow sand, whitewashed houses: here the black men live; willows at the gates like sedge, still not sparse in autumn. Midnight's when the Tanka come and make their harbor here; fasting kitchens for noonday meals have plenty of fresh

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MACAO (in Quang-tong, S. China) was given to the Portuguese as a commercial station in 1586 (in return for their assistance against pirates), subject to an annual tribute, which was remitted in 1863. Here Camoens composed part of the "

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As one of the measures to develop the gambling industry, the Cotai reclamation was completed after the handover to China, with construction of the hotel and casino industry starting in 2004. In 2007, the first of many resorts opened,

1568:" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practised in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defence affairs until, at least, 2049, fifty years after the handover. 2480:

Portuguese,"he concluded;"The Portuguese beat us off from Macao with their slaves."10 The same year as the Dutch ... an English witness recorded that the Portuguese defence was conducted primarily by their African slaves, who

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expansion end". Some reasons for the slowdown are China's anti-corruption drive reaching Macau, China's economy slowing down and changes of Mainland Chinese tourists' preference of visiting other countries as a travel destination.

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The human history of Macau stretches back up to 6,000 years, and includes many different and diverse civilisations and periods of existence. Evidence of human and culture dating back 3,500 to 4,000 years has been discovered on the

704:) cannon because the Portuguese were known to the Chinese under the name of Franks at this time. The Portuguese later returned to China peacefully and presented themselves under the name Portuguese instead of Franks in the 1223:

Macau became a refugee centre during World War II, causing its population to climb from about 200,000 to about 700,000 people within a few years. Refugee operations were organised through the Santa Casa da Misericordia.

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In 1887 the Portuguese finally managed to secure an agreement from China that Macau was Portuguese territory. In 1999 it was handed over to China. Macau was the last extant European territory in continental Asia.

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Two agreements were signed, one with Macau's Chinese community, and the other with mainland China. The latter committed the government to compensate local Chinese community leaders with as much as 2 million

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Good relations between the Portuguese and Chinese Ming dynasty resumed in the 1540s, when the Portuguese aided China in eliminating coastal pirates. The two later began annual trade missions to the offshore

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of China to allow trade with all foreign countries. Over the next century, Britain, the Dutch Republic, France, Denmark, Sweden, the United States and Russia moved in, establishing factories and offices in

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Portugal and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1979, and Beijing acknowledged Macau as "Chinese territory under Portuguese administration." A year later, Gen.

1624:. Many other resorts followed, both in Cotai and on Macau island, providing for a major tax income stream to Macau government and a drop in overall unemployment over the years down to a mere 2% in 2013. 1298:

sought to resist UN pressure to relinquish Macau. In 1951, the Salazar regime eliminated the phrase "colonial empire" from its constitution and sought to re-characterize Macau not as a colony but as an

937:. Macau's most profitable trade route, that between Japan and China, had been severed. The crisis was compounded two years later by the loss of Malacca to the Dutch in 1641, damaging the link with Goa. 3312: 3343: 1715:

caused widespread anger against the Macau government, accused of being unprepared for the typhoon as well as the delay of raising the No. 10 tropical cyclone signal; this caused the head of the

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As well as being an important trading post, Macau was a centre of activity for Catholic missionaries, as it was seen as a gateway for the conversion of the vast populations of China and Japan.

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The alliance of Portugal with Spain meant that Portuguese colonies became targets for the Netherlands, which was embroiled at the time in a lengthy struggle for its independence from Spain, the

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in Macau and killed about 20 guards. The next month, they demanded the installation of Japanese "advisors" under the alternative of military occupation. The result was that a virtual Japanese

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were the first to show interest in Macau as a trading centre for the southern provinces. However, Macau did not develop as a major settlement until the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century.

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They later built some rudimentary stone-houses around the area now called Nam Van. But not until 1557 did the Portuguese establish a permanent settlement in Macau, at an annual rent of 500

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After China ceded Hong Kong to the British in 1842, Macau's position as a major regional trading centre declined further still because larger ships were drawn to the deep-water port of

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crashed into a residential area in Macau, killing both occupants as well as one person on the ground. This is the only fatal aircraft accident to have taken place in Macau.

3023: 1215:. Coolies were obtained via variety of sources, including some who were entrapped by brokers in Macau through loans for gambling, and others who were kidnapped or coerced. 1737:, with relatively few infections and a large array of medical, social, and financial response measures. Macau's casino-reliant economy was greatly slowed by the pandemic. 3135: 1427:

Over a three year period in the late 1990s, as wave of gang violence referred to as the casino wars occurred in Macau. The casino wars were largely attributable to rival

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were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they then reverse engineered and mass-produced in China such as

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Also in 2005, the Macau government started a wave of social housing construction (lasting until 2013 at least), constructing over 8000 apartment units in the process.

6908: 4255: 735:. In 1557, the Ming court finally gave consent for a permanent and official Portuguese trade base at Macau. In 1558, Leonel de Sousa became the second Portuguese 1677:

area, south of the current border post. Along with this development, several other residential and business development projects on Hengqin are in the planning.

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of Mong Ha where the temple was located) was signed by representatives of the United States and China. This marked the official beginning of Sino-US relations.

3811: 3722: 3104: 3185: 2954:"A guerra e as respostas militar e política 5.Macau: Fim da ocupação perpétua (War and Military and Political Responses 5.Macau: Ending Perpetual Occupation)" 4722: 3304: 2551: 2176: 3335: 2709: 1065:

to serve as governor of Macau. He unilaterally declared Macau a Portuguese colony, stopped annual rent payments to China, occupied the nearby Island of

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Understanding the global shift, the popularity of Donald Trump, Brexit and discontent in the West : rise of the emerging economies: 1980 to 2018

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secured sea-landing rights in Macau and immediately set about building related communications infrastructure in the enclave, allowing a service from

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took two years to reach Macau, arriving in 1642. A ten-week celebration ensued, and despite its new-found poverty, Macau sent gifts to the new King

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activities in Macau. This move ended the conflict, and relations between the government and the leftist organisations remained largely peaceful.

4271: 3158: 2600: 6901: 4641: 3365: 1514: 1195:(or slave labourers) from southern China. Between 1851 and 1874 approximately 215,000 Chinese were shipped from Macau overseas, primarily to 1128:) was incorporated into Macau's territory in 1890, and, once a kilometre offshore, by 1923 it had been absorbed into peninsula Macau through 4980: 3988: 2525: 1417:

was inaugurated. Before then the territory only had 2 temporary airports for small aeroplanes, in addition to several permanent heliports.

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and expanding the maritime border significantly. The changes increased the size of Macau's maritime territory by 85 square kilometres.

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and Macau. British trading dominance in the 1790s was unsuccessfully challenged by a combined French and Spanish naval squadron at the

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Macau harbour c1870 by W.P. Floyd. Different types of boat traffic visible. Some are small and local, others for long distance travel.

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has long been the centre of Chinese life in Macau and the site of what may be the region's oldest temple, a shrine devoted to the

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off the coast near Guangzhou, but were driven away by the now-hostile Ming authorities. Pires was imprisoned and died in Canton.

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Until 20 April 1844 Macau was under the jurisdiction of Portugal's Indian colonies, the so-called "Estado português da India" (

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Clayton, Cathryn (2012). "The hapless imperialist? Portuguese rule in 1960s Macau". In Goodman, Bryna; Goodman, David (eds.).

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This success in Macau encouraged leftists in Hong Kong to "do the same", leading to riots by leftists in Hong Kong in 1967.

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Following World War II, the United Nations expected its member states to relinquish any colonies. Portuguese Prime Minister

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In 1637, increasing suspicion of the intentions of Spanish and Portuguese Catholic missionaries in Japan finally led the

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of Portugal, which it viewed as part of a plural-continental but nonetheless unified and indivisible Portuguese state.

402:. Despite remaining under Chinese sovereignty and authority, the Portuguese came to consider and administer Macau as a 856:

in the 1580s. Both orders soon set about constructing churches and schools, the most notable of which were the Jesuit

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In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the

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With residential and development space being sparse, Macau government officially announced on 27 June 2009 that the

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was signed in Beijing on 13 April 1987, setting the stage for the return of Macau to full Chinese sovereignty as a

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to the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula from where he kept making raids on the Portuguese. The Portuguese under

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Macao Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook – Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures

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was established, first as a treasure hunt throughout the city, and in later years as a formal car racing event.

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by the Portuguese and now as Wanzaizhen), to the northwest of Macau and which now is under the jurisdiction of

344: 122: 1295: 6669: 6630: 4308: 2674: 2552:"Step onto Senado Square and into the past: Walking tours bring Macau's Chinese, Portuguese history in focus" 1875: 1558: 732: 705: 2917: 6643: 6617: 4400: 3550: 2420: 1310:, Macau was a major site for the smuggling of arms into China to avoid United Nations mandates. After the 1081: 981:

In 1685, the privileged position of the Portuguese in trade with China ended, following a decision by the

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When it was discovered that neutral Macau was planning to sell aviation fuel to Japan, aircraft from the

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While supervising road construction, Amaral ordered the destruction of Chinese tombs in the area. In the

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wrote a poem, which included a line about the Portuguese in Macau being supplied with fish by the Tanka.

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women since Han Chinese women would not have relations with them. Some of the Tanka's descendants became

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In 2015, the borders of Macau were redrawn by the state council, shifting the land border north to the

1311: 1164: 1089: 945: 259: 2871: 1045: 624: 7281: 7187: 7045: 4165: 3922: 3806: 3717: 3336:"Up to 10 people feared trapped in flooded underground car parks after Typhoon Hato devastates Macau" 1727: 1687: 1251: 1010: 565: 475: 337: 115: 3162: 1070: 608:– to sail to China in order to open up trade relations. Rafael traded with the Chinese merchants in 540: 7120: 7000: 4615: 4332: 4301: 2450:

Indrani Chatterjee, Richard Maxwell Eaton (2006). Indrani Chatterjee, Richard Maxwell Eaton (ed.).

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Portuguese sailors explored the coasts of Africa and Asia. The sailors later established posts at

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In 1962, the gambling industry of Macau saw a major breakthrough when the government granted the

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In the 1930s, Macau's traditional income streams related to illegal opium sales dried up, as the

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The Survival of Empire: Portuguese Trade and Society in China and the South China Sea, 1630–1754

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The Portuguese governor of Macau signing a statement of apology under a portrait of Mao Zedong.

1017:, was accorded recognition by Lisbon (but not by Beijing) as an overseas province of Portugal. 857: 368: 182: 1902: 7196: 6524: 5143: 5100: 5030: 4570: 4545: 4460: 4440: 4390: 4360: 4350: 3685: 2979: 2510: 2504: 1964: 1933: 1270: 1265:, Macau's significance to the gold trade declined, and its illicit gold trade ended in 1974. 991: 832:

was founded in 1602, the Dutch unsuccessfully attacked Macau several times, culminating in a

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The Voices of Macao Stones: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals

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and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver

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Porter, Jonathan. "'The Past Is Present': The Construction of Macau's Historical Legacy,"

1287:(CCP) came to power in 1949, the CCP declared the Protocol of Lisbon to be invalid as an " 478:(266–420 AD), and alternated under the control of Nanhai and Dongguan in later dynasties. 8: 7260: 7201: 6692: 6314: 4630: 4600: 4550: 4505: 4485: 4475: 4375: 4208: 4180: 4133: 4113: 4098: 3980: 3217:"Chinese tourists skipped Hong Kong, Taiwan and headed farther afield during Golden Week" 1666: 1654: 1350: 471: 286: 77: 969: 6959: 6942: 6225: 4806: 4575: 4490: 4470: 4355: 4345: 4213: 4198: 4170: 4160: 4123: 4108: 4103: 4088: 4083: 4048: 4020: 3498:

Macau, China: A Political History of the Portuguese Colony's Transition to Chinese Rule

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Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

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From 1848 to about the early 1870s, Macau was the infamous transit port of a trade of

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As published on IACM Macau government publication "Footprints of Painter Gao Jianhu"

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at Lintin and Castle Peak, is borne out by the fate of Barros' Chinese slave already

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Ao Encontro de Macau: Uma cidade-estado portuguesa a periferia da China, 1557–1999

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2014–present: Slowing down of the gambling industry and diversification of economy

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and 3 (later 6) casino operating concessions (and subconcessions) were granted to

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Having been neutral during World War II, Portugal was not a signatory to the 1944

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was founded as a traditional Chinese medical hospital. It was in 1892 that doctor

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used the region as a port for refuge, fresh water, and food. In 1152, during the

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Encountering Macau, A Portuguese City-State on the Periphery of China, 1557–1999

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As displayed on the official timeline of Macau at the Museum of History in Taipa

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Singing of the source: nature and god in the poetry of the Chinese painter Wu Li

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Singing of the source: nature and god in the poetry of the Chinese painter Wu Li

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Singing of the source: nature and god in the poetry of the Chinese painter Wu Li

2205:

Singing of the source: nature and god in the poetry of the Chinese painter Wu Li

1726:

On 12 December 2019, Macau officially opened its first rail transit system: the

514:(1368–1644 AD), fishermen migrated to Macau from various parts of Guangdong and 7154: 7115: 7069: 7050: 6235: 6074: 5517: 5477: 5173: 4901: 4780: 3659: 1776: 1680:

In 2011 to 2013, further major construction on several planned mega-resorts in

1628: 982: 444: 297: 278: 250: 146: 3535: 2777: 2586: 1174: 7275: 7173: 7024: 7019: 6932: 6084: 6040: 5671: 5558: 4839: 4679: 3487: 3432: 2840: 1354: 1168: 865: 837: 813: 667: 577: 313: 6435:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

3366:"Macau's long-delayed light rail or tram service begins carrying passengers" 1660: 769:. Some Tanka children were enslaved by Portuguese raiders. The Chinese poet 620: 481:

Since the 5th century, merchant ships travelling between Southeast Asia and

7091: 7086: 7010: 6918: 6261: 5621: 5441: 5153: 4143: 3875: 2566: 2172:

Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550–1770: fact and fancy in the history of Macao

1711: 1653:

hit Macau, leading to a stall in construction of major construction works (

1597: 1546: 1240: 806: 797:

used Macau as a point of departure & formation during the 16th century.

762: 636: 619:

in 1517 commissioned a diplomatic and trade mission to Guangzhou headed by

523: 511: 486: 455: 416: 395: 190: 3518: 643:

In 1521 and 1522 several more Portuguese ships reached the trading island

6547: 6027: 6004: 5991: 5737: 5601: 5507: 4689: 3827: 3622: 2503: 2449: 2433: 1315: 1262: 1247: 1204: 1140: 893: 519: 467: 451: 5053: 1583: 1517:

became the first governor of Macau to pay an official visit to Beijing.

1360: 1022:

Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce between China and the United States

6975: 6815: 6789: 6391: 6341: 5681: 5641: 5264: 5196: 1631:

was completed, the third bridge between Macau island and Taipa island.

1609: 1386: 1370: 1307: 1212: 1147: 1014: 5064: 1841: 1839: 1278: 953: 7240: 6050: 5860: 4914: 4888: 4816: 3510: 1638:, the principal venue for the 4th East Asian Games, was inaugurated. 1050: 1033: 987: 781: 683: 609: 490: 482: 463: 4700: 1445: 924: 789: 785:

Macau and its position in Portuguese and Spanish global trade routes

364: 7219: 6537: 6284: 6147: 6124: 6101: 5948: 5912: 5532: 5163: 4927: 3456:

Macau: The Imaginary City, Culture and Society, 1557 to the Present

3129: 2671:

Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution

2375:

Macau, the Imaginary City: Culture and Society, 1557 to the Present

1908: 1836: 1733:

Overall, Macau was among the safest places in the world during the

1435: 1208: 1119: 896:, though the building and emblem itself date from the 19th century. 721: 689: 671: 659: 588:. They erected a stone marker at Lintin Island claiming it for the 504: 404: 391: 6802: 4293: 3075: 2710:

Did Japan really offer Portugal US$ 100 million for Macau in 1935?

1804:

Robert Nield, "Treaty Ports and Other Foreign Stations in China",

1532: 816:

of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns, between 1580 and 1640. King

655: 644: 6485: 6414: 6371: 6248: 5981: 5875: 5578: 5527: 5307: 5238: 5186: 5133: 4829: 2294:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 141. 1670: 1192: 1156: 1093: 934: 889: 632: 561: 507: 2922:, Carmen Amado Mendes, Hong Kong University Press, 2013, page 34 2337:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 53. 2251:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 54. 2208:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 53. 7245: 7235: 6980: 6937: 6499: 6274: 5968: 5801: 5780: 5631: 5536: 5497: 5487: 5285: 5227: 5087: 5020: 4953: 4875: 4279: 2456:(illustrated ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 238. 2088:"Early Sino-Portuguese relations up to the Foundation of Macao" 1904:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

1374: 1109: 1092:), in 1849 but relinquished it in 1887. Control over Taipa and 1085: 929: 849: 794: 731:

Diplomatic relations were further improved and salvaged by the

686: 612:

in that year and in 1516, but was not allowed to move further.

515: 408: 5414: 3248:"Macau bridges the gap between Chinese and Portuguese markets" 2803:

The Defences of Macau: Forts, Ships and Weapons Over 450 Years

2518: 864:

built by the Dominicans. In 1576, Macau was established as an

728:, became the main base of the Portuguese trade in the region. 164: 37: 6916: 6381: 6017: 5938: 5888: 5767: 5661: 5651: 5568: 5548: 5464: 5454: 5380: 5206: 5074: 4770: 4275: 3675: 3464:

International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania

1681: 1674: 1644: 1410:

was completed, the second bridge connecting Macau and Taipa.

1235:. In August 1943, Japanese troops seized the British steamer 1066: 770: 754: 709: 387: 379: 2137:

Dictionary of dates, and universal reference. [With]

2102: 1321:

During the 1950s and 1960s Macau's border crossing to China

733:

Leonel de Sousa agreement with Cantonese authorities in 1554

674:

in 1548 where several Portuguese were captured and near the

466:. The region is first known to have been settled during the 5611: 1200: 1196: 743: 549: 399: 6439:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 4010: 2113:(in Chinese). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co. Ltd. 928:

to seal Japan off from foreign influence. Later named the

5842: 2065:

p. 343-344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,

1661:

2008–2013: Expansion into Hengqin and further Casino boom

1578: 3102: 3021: 2010: 2008: 489:(960–1279 AD), it was under the jurisdiction of the new 3451:

Volume 21, Number 1, Spring/Summer 2009 pp. 63–100

3392:

Collis, Maurice. "Macao: The City of the Name of God."

2720: 2718: 1719:

to resign. At the request of the Macau government, the

454:(221–206 BC), the region was under the jurisdiction of 3812:

2010 Macau transfer of sovereignty anniversary protest

3723:

2007 Macau transfer of sovereignty anniversary protest

3461: 2756:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 105. 1808:, Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 50, (2010), p. 127. 2919:

Portugal, China and the Macau Negotiations, 1986–1999

2691: 2005: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1584:

1999–2007: The rise of Macau as the Las Vegas of Asia

1049:

1888 German map of Hong Kong, Macau, and Canton (now

493:. In 1277, approximately 50,000 refugees fleeing the 6456: 3076:

Hsin Chong Construction Group Ltd. (12 April 2012).

2715: 2133: 852:

had first arrived in the 1560s and were followed by

3024:"Macau: Unemployment Rates during the past 8 years" 2943:, Kenneth Maxwell, Psychology Press, 2003, page 279 2897:. Macau: Publications Centre, University of Macau. 2673:. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis: 2387: 2168: 1279:

1949–1999: Macau and the People's Republic of China

1143:brought Western medicine services to the hospital. 3278:"Macau to extend land and sea administrative area" 3130:Kelvin Chan, AP (Macau Daily Times) (2 May 2012). 2495: 2067:The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8 1889: 1028: 635:. The embassy was further rejected by the Chinese 3156: 3132:"Wynn Macau gets OK for Cotai casino development" 3048: 912:View of the Praia Grande, Macau, unknown artist, 662:in 1521 where the Portuguese lost two ships, and 7273: 2933:Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues 1870: 1868: 1436:1999: Handover to the People's Republic of China 584:of China in 1513 with a hired junk sailing from 6876:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 6866:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 6577: 3565: 3437:(Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016). 3186:"Macau economy undergoing great reconstruction" 2564: 2330: 2287: 2244: 2201: 1721:Chinese People's Liberation Army Macau Garrison 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2528:(in Chinese). Macau Foundation. Archived from 1849:(in Chinese). Macau Foundation. Archived from 670:where the Portuguese also lost two ships, and 398:in exchange for a symbolic annual rent of 500 6902: 4716: 4309: 3996: 3551: 3484:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) 3462:Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Macau". 2886: 2727:"Q&A: "Macau was safe haven" during WWII" 2724: 1881:. Government Information Bureau of the MSAR. 1865: 1649:Similar to other economies in the world, the 522:where they prayed for safety on the sea. The 345: 123: 3902:Opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge 3103:Max-Leonhard von Schaper (7 November 2013). 3022:Max-Leonhard von Schaper (3 November 2013). 2865: 2819:. Hong Kong: Angsana Limited. pp. 6–7. 2815:Wordie, Jason (2013). "1. Portas do Cerco". 2705: 2703: 627:. The embassy lasted until the death of the 2997: 2817:Macao – People and Places, Past and Present 2805:Hong Kong University Press, 1 February 2010 2092:Mare Liberum, Revista de História dos Mares 1717:Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau 1474:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1314:, Macau became a semi-official gateway for 6909: 6895: 4723: 4709: 4316: 4302: 4003: 3989: 3558: 3544: 3069: 2599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2526:"The Catholic entry in Macau Encyclopedia" 2501: 2440:. Martinus Nijhoff (The Hague), 1948. p. 4 2421:"The British Presence in Macau, 1635–1793" 2045:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 42. 1959: 1957: 1955: 1938:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 15. 1645:2007–2008: The Financial Crisis hits Macau 1523:Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau 1218: 1186: 892:is still displayed to this day inside the 352: 338: 130: 116: 6198: 3333: 2700: 1673:island, in a stretch directly facing the 1494:Learn how and when to remove this message 1343:Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau 2754:Wartime Macau: Under the Japanese Shadow 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 1596:(SJM, an 80% owned subsidiary of STDM), 1588:In 2002, the Macau government ended the 1531: 1359: 1173: 1124: 1044: 1032: 996: 968: 907: 899: 888:The full title awarded to Macau by King 883: 788: 780: 748: 678:in 1549, where two Portuguese junks and 539: 529: 363: 6861:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 3506:Twentieth Century Colonialism and China 3502: 3302: 3245: 2925: 2668: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 1952: 1900: 1767:Military of Macau under Portuguese rule 1330:claimed on the Communist Chinese side. 1037:Street scene in Macau in the 1840s, by 1013:), but after this date, it, along with 596:. In the same year, the Indian Viceroy 21:This article is part of a series on the 7274: 4993: 3105:"Macau: Unemployment in Total Figures" 2814: 2712:, SCMP by Paul French, 8 February 2020 1579:Recent history of Macau (1999–present) 1564:The PRC has promised that, under its " 1377:, the chamber's president, presiding. 812:Macau's golden age coincided with the 6890: 6576: 6455: 6197: 5708: 5413: 4992: 4742: 4730: 4704: 4297: 3984: 3539: 3315:from the original on 3 September 2017 3159:"A DECADE OF GAMBLING EXPANSION ENDS" 3138:from the original on 29 December 2013 2397:. Macau Tourist Guide. Archived from 1847:"Macau history in Macau Encyclopedia" 879: 843: 776: 6586: 6465: 6207: 5718: 5423: 5383:) and small temporary coastal bases. 5002: 4752: 3227:from the original on 18 October 2016 3183: 3157:Macau Daily Times (5 January 2015). 3078:"Sands Cotai Central Opens in Macau" 2892: 2751: 2607: 2514:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2108: 2085: 2069:, Cambridge University Press, 1978, 2038: 1806:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1472:adding citations to reliable sources 1439: 753:A Chinese official and a woman from 4323: 3583: 3346:from the original on 27 August 2017 2841:"Macao Portuguese Fire Over Border" 2733:from the original on 7 January 2014 2438:Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550–1770 2039:Ride, Lindsay; et al. (1999). 1931: 1349:Riots broke out in 1966 during the 834:full-scale invasion attempt in 1622 13: 6851:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 4191:Direct-administered municipalities 3950:2020 coronavirus outbreak in Macau 3386: 3334:Yeung, Raymond; Carvelho, Raquel. 3246:Cardoso, Pedro (16 October 2017). 3214: 1989: 1508:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 1183:offer, and the matter was closed. 470:. It was administratively part of 14: 7298: 5275:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 3770:Hong Kong Macau cultural exchange 3184:Feng, Xiaoyun (17 October 2015). 2502:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 510:(Goddess of Mercy). Later in the 6856:Portuguese colonial architecture 6457:North America and North Atlantic 5321:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 4979: 4743: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4142: 3403:(Boulder: Westview Press, 1996) 2470:from the original on 29 May 2013 2351:from the original on 7 July 2014 2308:from the original on 7 July 2014 2265:from the original on 7 July 2014 2222:from the original on 7 July 2014 2179:from the original on 7 July 2014 2144:from the original on 5 June 2013 1444: 1171:to begin in November that year. 427: 163: 36: 6917:European and American trade in 6846:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 3458:(Boulder: Westview Press, 1996) 3396:(Apr 1951) 1#4 pp 42–49 online. 3358: 3327: 3296: 3270: 3239: 3208: 3177: 3150: 3123: 3096: 3042: 3015: 2972: 2946: 2911: 2859: 2833: 2808: 2795: 2770: 2745: 2558: 2544: 2486: 2453:Slavery and South Asian history 2443: 2427: 2413: 2367: 2324: 2281: 2238: 2195: 2161: 2127: 2079: 2059: 2032: 1657:) and a spike in unemployment. 1540:enters Macau for the first time 1061:. In 1846, Portugal dispatched 1029:1844–1938: The Hong Kong effect 876:appointed as the first bishop. 411:. Following the signing of the 5709: 4642:British Indian Ocean Territory 4224:Special administrative regions 3303:Carvalho, Raquel; Mok, Danny. 3215:Ge, Celine (11 October 2016). 2778:"Accident Hawker Ospray III 6" 1983: 1969:. IBP. Inc. 2015. p. 32. 1925: 1811: 1798: 1399:overthrew the dictatorship of 1327:Far Eastern Checkpoint Charlie 1114: 700:which they named as Folangji ( 1: 7287:European colonisation in Asia 5876:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 2675:University of Minnesota Press 2134:Joseph Timothy Haydn (1885). 2111:Macau: a General Introduction 1792: 1699:Portuguese-speaking countries 1669:will build its new campus on 1573:European colonisation of Asia 1527:Special Administrative Region 1203:, with some being shipped to 1063:João Maria Ferreira do Amaral 946:regained control of the Crown 940:The news that the Portuguese 933:man-made island in Nagasaki, 913: 805:In 1637, An English explorer 761:The Portuguese often married 706:Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) 497:settled in the coastal area. 384:special administrative region 6618:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 6411: • 1938–1941 6388: • 1890–1999 6378: • 1851–1999 6368: • 1864–1999 6268: • 1578–1650 6255: • 1576–1605 6242: • 1522–1575 6167: • 1779–1954 6144: • 1687–1749 6081: • 1598–1610 6071: • 1579–1632 6047: • 1568–1659 6037: • 1559–1961 6024: • 1548–1658 6014: • 1540–1612 6001: • 1536–1662 5988: • 1535–1739 5965: • 1534–1661 5955: • 1534–1601 5945: • 1531–1571 5935: • 1531–1571 5919: • 1528–1666 5909: • 1523–1662 5885: • 1521–1740 5872: • 1518–1619 5839: • 1510–1961 5826: • 1507–1657 5813: • 1502–1661 5791: • 1502–1658 5777: • 1501–1663 5764: • 1500–1663 3918:5th Chief Executive election 3876:Imprisonment of Ho Chio Meng 3860:4th Chief Executive election 3775:3rd Chief Executive election 3655:2nd Chief Executive election 2725:Paulo Barbosa (2 May 2012). 2169:Charles Ralph Boxer (1948). 2140:(18 ed.). p. 522. 720:in 1549. A few years later, 7: 7060:Jardine, Matheson & Co. 6578:South America and Caribbean 3828:Imprisonment of Ao Man Long 3765:Macau national security law 3744:Financial crisis of 2007–08 3435:: Under the Japanese Shadow 2554:. South China Morning Post. 2233:still not sparse in autumn. 2175:. M. Nijhoff. p. 224. 2094:(4), Lisbon, archived from 1740: 1651:financial crisis of 2007–08 1636:Macau East Asian Games Dome 1594:Sociedade de Jogos de Macau 1571:Upon the handover of Macau 1415:Macau International Airport 1001:Macau in the 19th century; 434:Europeans in Medieval China 10: 7303: 7046:Gibb, Livingston & Co. 6726:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 5805:(Coulão / Kollam) 4876:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 4284:political status of Taiwan 4276:People's Republic of China 3415:(Macau: Fundação Macau]. 2868:"THE 50s: All THAT BEGINS" 2801:p.116 Garrett, Richard J. 2505:"Archdiocese of Goa" 1901:Minahan, James B. (2014). 1606:Galaxy Entertainment Group 1559:National People's Congress 1505: 698:Breech loading swivel guns 533: 431: 388:People's Republic of China 7228: 7212: 7001:Augustine Heard & Co. 6991: 6968: 6925: 6841: 6583: 6572: 6462: 6451: 6204: 6193: 5927:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 5715: 5704: 5420: 5409: 4999: 4988: 4977: 4749: 4738: 4670: 4629: 4589: 4331: 4265: 4245: 4222: 4189: 4151: 4140: 4019: 3958: 3942: 3935: 3910: 3894: 3868: 3852: 3836: 3820: 3807:2010 Macau labour protest 3799: 3792: 3757: 3736: 3718:2007 Macau labour protest 3710: 3694: 3668: 3660:Opening of Sai Van Bridge 3647: 3631: 3610: 3603: 3576: 1935:Macau History and Society 1728:Macau Light Rapid Transit 1105: 1011:Portuguese State of India 566:conquered Malacca in 1511 7121:Robert Morrison Olyphant 4391:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4278:but administered by the 3923:Opening of the Macau LRT 3430:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (ed.) 3370:South China Morning Post 3340:South China Morning Post 3309:South China Morning Post 3282:South China Morning Post 3221:South China Morning Post 2984:U.S. Department of State 2565:Mirza, Rocky M. (2019). 2377:. Westview Press, 1999. 2331:Jonathan Chaves (1993). 2288:Jonathan Chaves (1993). 2245:Jonathan Chaves (1993). 2202:Jonathan Chaves (1993). 1590:gambling monopoly system 1566:one country, two systems 1424:was completed in Taipa. 1325:was also referred to as 1275:government of Portugal. 1243:was created over Macau. 1125:Ceng1 Zau1 or Cing1 Zau1 830:Dutch East India Company 518:provinces and built the 495:Mongol conquest of China 7183:David Sassoon & Co. 7169:Shewan, Tomes & Co. 6757:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 6676: • 1621–1815 6663: • 1578–1607 6650: • 1572–1578 6637: • 1572–1578 6624: • 1549–1572 6611: • 1534–1549 5978: • 1535 5850: • 1512–1525 5518:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 4652:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3749:Wealth Partaking Scheme 3728:2007 Asian Indoor Games 3049:Insituto de Habitacao. 2752:Gunn, Geoffrey (2016). 2395:"Macau – a unique city" 2109:Fung, Bong Yin (1999). 2086:Ptak, Roderich (1992), 2017:Background Notes, Macau 1992:"Macau's Early History" 1538:Peoples Liberation Army 1285:Chinese Communist Party 1259:Bretton Woods Agreement 1219:1938–1949: World War II 1187:1848–1870s: Slave trade 1005:painted by W. H. Capone 858:Cathedral of Saint Paul 625:Fernão Pires de Andrade 371:in the 19th century by 7197:E.D. Sassoon & Co. 6747:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 6171:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3623:Opening of Macau Tower 1541: 1413:In November 1995, the 1365: 1227:Unlike in the case of 1179: 1054: 1042: 1006: 978: 919: 905: 897: 798: 786: 758: 724:Island, closer to the 553: 376: 7130:Russell & Company 6437:invasion by Indonesia 6199:East Asia and Oceania 5371:São Tomé and Príncipe 5144:Portuguese Mozambique 5101:Portuguese Gold Coast 4014:by political division 3686:2005 East Asian Games 3519:10.4324/9780203125458 3480:Souza, George Bryan. 3411:In Portuguese (1998) 2939:21 March 2016 at the 2669:Simpson, Tim (2023). 2511:Catholic Encyclopedia 1932:Hao, Zhidong (2011). 1608:, the partnership of 1557:, was adopted by the 1535: 1529:on 20 December 1999. 1363: 1177: 1071:revolt of the boatmen 1048: 1036: 1000: 972: 911: 903: 887: 792: 784: 752: 598:Afonso de Albuquerque 543: 530:Portuguese settlement 432:Further information: 367: 7135:Robert Bennet Forbes 7102:Hollingworth Magniac 4566:United Arab Emirates 3966:Legislative election 3886:Legislative election 3844:Legislative election 3780:Legislative election 3702:2006 Lusophony Games 3681:Legislative election 3618:Legislative election 2893:Chan, S. S. (2000). 1787:History of Hong Kong 1468:improve this section 1408:Bridge of Friendship 1397:Carnation Revolution 1385:and to prohibit all 1246:On June 26, 1942, a 994:of 27 January 1799. 862:St. Dominic's Church 664:Battle of Sincouwaan 606:Christopher Columbus 369:St. Paul's Cathedral 7202:Elias David Sassoon 5090:(São Jorge da Mina) 4941:São João da Mamora 4783:(El Qsar es Seghir) 4593:limited recognition 3111:on 27 November 2013 3057:on 31 December 2013 3030:on 26 November 2013 2874:on 26 December 2013 2845:The West Australian 2782:aviation-safety.net 2532:on 24 December 2007 2158:(Oxford University) 1667:University of Macau 1655:Sands Cotai Central 1351:Cultural Revolution 1161:conflict with China 1078:Baishaling incident 1073:that was put down. 904:Macao harbour, 1787 793:The mission of the 472:Dongguan Prefecture 462:of the province of 390:. It was leased to 253:and performing arts 7111:Olyphant & Co. 7083:Magniac & Co. 6960:Thirteen Factories 6943:East India Company 6803:Portuguese Guiana 6767:Maranhão and Piauí 6415:Lapa and Montanha 6226:Portuguese Malacca 6112:Portuguese Ceylon 6066:(Portuguese India) 5904:(Portuguese India) 5535: • 4994:Sub-Saharan Africa 4153:Autonomous regions 3454:Porter, Jonathan. 3449:History and Memory 3423:In Chinese (2009) 3399:Gunn, Geoffrey C. 3284:. 17 December 2015 3258:on 16 October 2017 3196:on 8 February 2016 2866:Grand Prix Macau. 2373:Porter, Jonathan. 2167:Indiana University 1853:on 13 October 2007 1622:The Venetian Macao 1614:Pansy Ho Chiu-king 1542: 1366: 1180: 1090:Xiangzhou District 1055: 1043: 1007: 979: 920: 906: 898: 880:1637–1844: Decline 844:Religious activity 818:Philip II of Spain 809:arrived at Macau. 799: 787: 777:Macau's golden age 759: 676:Dongshan Peninsula 602:Rafael Perestrello 586:Portuguese Malacca 554: 377: 45:Other Macau topics 7269: 7268: 7213:Chinese Officials 7150:William Henry Low 7097:Thomas Chay Beale 7039:Dodwell & Co. 6884: 6883: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6772: 6771: 6731: 6730: 6698: 6697: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6553: 6552: 6507: 6506: 6447: 6446: 6430: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6405:Portuguese Macau 6397: 6396: 6350: 6349: 6320: 6319: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6161:Portuguese India 6153: 6152: 6138:Portuguese India 6130: 6129: 6093: 6092: 6056: 6055: 5894: 5893: 5748: 5747: 5738:Laccadive Islands 5700: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5584: 5583: 5405: 5404: 5395:Portuguese Angola 5388:Portuguese Guinea 5364: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5342:Portuguese Guinea 5326: 5325: 5292: 5291: 5247: 5246: 5217:Portuguese Angola 5116: 5115: 5111:Mascarene Islands 4975: 4974: 4969: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4858: 4857: 4826:1487–16th century 4732:Portuguese Empire 4698: 4697: 4635:other territories 4291: 4290: 4280:Republic of China 4247:Disputed province 3978: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3931: 3930: 3788: 3787: 3676:Creation of Cotai 3599: 3598: 3591:Handover of Macau 3528:978-0-203-12545-8 3492:A Macao Narrative 3473:978-1-884964-04-6 3466:. UK: Routledge. 3443:978-988-8390-51-9 2895:The Macau Economy 2826:978-988-12696-0-7 2763:978-988-8390-51-9 2684:978-1-5179-0031-1 2578:978-1-4907-9327-6 2383:978-0-8133-3749-4 2052:978-962-209-487-1 1976:978-1-5145-1727-7 1945:978-988-8028-54-2 1918:978-1-61069-018-8 1782:Religion in Macau 1762:Lisbon-Macau Raid 1757:Gambling in Macau 1747:Anders Ljungstedt 1735:COVID-19 pandemic 1504: 1503: 1496: 1301:overseas province 1252:Aeronáutica Naval 1248:Hawker Osprey III 1137:Hospital Kiang Wu 950:Spanish Habsburgs 942:House of Braganza 874:Melchior Carneiro 870:Pope Gregory XIII 826:Eighty Years' War 737:governor of Macau 726:Pearl River Delta 718:Shangchuan Island 692:which they named 582:Pearl River Delta 524:Hoklo Boat people 460:Nanhai Prefecture 413:Treaty of Nanking 362: 361: 140: 139: 7294: 7282:History of Macau 7140:John Cleve Green 6911: 6904: 6897: 6888: 6887: 6871:Portuguese India 6819: 6806: 6793: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6681: 6668: 6655: 6642: 6629: 6616: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6587: 6574: 6573: 6528: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6466: 6453: 6452: 6418: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6365: 6364: 6361:Portuguese Macau 6358: 6346: 6345: 6337:Portuguese Timor 6329: 6328: 6326: 6273: 6260: 6247: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6208: 6195: 6194: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6115: 6095: 6094: 6088: 6060: 6059: 6031: 6008: 5995: 5972: 5928: 5898: 5897: 5879: 5865: 5854: 5833: 5820: 5819:(Cochin de Cima) 5806: 5795: 5784: 5771: 5761: 5760: 5757:Portuguese India 5754: 5742: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5719: 5706: 5705: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5540: 5468: 5445: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5424: 5411: 5410: 5352:Portuguese Congo 5335: 5334: 5332: 5311: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5288: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5242: 5230: 5177: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5091: 5078: 5056: 5044: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5003: 4990: 4989: 4983: 4957: 4944: 4931: 4918: 4905: 4904:(Souira Guedima) 4892: 4879: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4843: 4820: 4797: 4784: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4740: 4739: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4702: 4701: 4688: 4678: 4677: 4647:Christmas Island 4333:Sovereign states 4318: 4311: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4146: 4012:History of China 4005: 3998: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3940: 3939: 3797: 3796: 3608: 3607: 3581: 3580: 3567:History of Macau 3560: 3553: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3477: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3254:. 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Archived from 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2812: 2806: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2722: 2713: 2707: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2666: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2590: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2507: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2475: 2447: 2441: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2391: 2385: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2184: 2165: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2083: 2077: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2012: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1961: 1950: 1949: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1898: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1872: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1823:www.macaudata.mo 1815: 1809: 1802: 1752:Culture of Macau 1499: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1448: 1440: 1335:Macau Grand Prix 1229:Portuguese Timor 1130:land reclamation 1126: 1116: 1107: 1059:Victoria Harbour 965: 964: 963: 961: 918: 915: 652:Battle of Tunmen 615:Portugal's king 590:King of Portugal 558:age of discovery 536:Portuguese Macau 491:Xiangshan County 354: 347: 340: 167: 158: 156:Culture of Macau 142: 141: 132: 125: 118: 106:History of China 40: 30: 18: 17: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7224: 7208: 7160:Russell Sturgis 7145:Abiel Abbot Low 7075:John Abel Smith 7065:William Jardine 7006:Augustine Heard 6987: 6964: 6955:Old China Trade 6921: 6915: 6885: 6880: 6833: 6832: 6817: 6804: 6791: 6776: 6733: 6702: 6679: 6666: 6653: 6640: 6627: 6614: 6591: 6579: 6564: 6563: 6526: 6511: 6470: 6458: 6443: 6442: 6431: 6416: 6404: 6399: 6359: 6354: 6339: 6335: 6322: 6271: 6258: 6245: 6212: 6200: 6185: 6184: 6160: 6155: 6137: 6132: 6113: 6087:(Machilipatnam) 6086: 6029: 6006: 5993: 5970: 5959:Salsette Island 5930: 5926: 5925: 5877: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5831: 5818: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5782: 5769: 5755: 5750: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5723: 5711: 5696: 5695: 5588: 5530: 5466: 5443: 5428: 5416: 5401: 5400: 5397:from the 1920s. 5365: 5328: 5309: 5294: 5284: 5251: 5240: 5226: 5175: 5120: 5089: 5076: 5052: 5040: 5007: 4995: 4984: 4971: 4970: 4955: 4942: 4929: 4916: 4903: 4890: 4877: 4862: 4841: 4818: 4795: 4782: 4781:Alcácer Ceguer 4757: 4745: 4734: 4729: 4699: 4694: 4666: 4634: 4625: 4606:Northern Cyprus 4592: 4585: 4327: 4325:History of Asia 4322: 4292: 4287: 4261: 4241: 4218: 4185: 4147: 4138: 4015: 4009: 3979: 3970: 3954: 3927: 3906: 3890: 3864: 3848: 3832: 3816: 3784: 3753: 3732: 3706: 3690: 3664: 3643: 3627: 3595: 3572: 3564: 3529: 3474: 3389: 3387:Further reading 3384: 3374: 3372: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3165:on 2 April 2015 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3084:on 4 March 2016 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3020: 3016: 3011: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2980:"Macau (09/08)" 2978: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2941:Wayback Machine 2930: 2926: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2723: 2716: 2708: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2667: 2608: 2592: 2591: 2579: 2563: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2473: 2471: 2464: 2448: 2444: 2432: 2428: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2354: 2352: 2345: 2329: 2325: 2311: 2309: 2302: 2286: 2282: 2268: 2266: 2259: 2243: 2239: 2225: 2223: 2216: 2200: 2196: 2182: 2180: 2166: 2162: 2147: 2145: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2107: 2103: 2098:on 3 March 2016 2084: 2080: 2064: 2060: 2053: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2014: 2013: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1988: 1984: 1977: 1963: 1962: 1953: 1946: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1911:. p. 169. 1899: 1890: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1856: 1854: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1743: 1706:Canal dos Patos 1690: 1663: 1647: 1602:Las Vegas Sands 1586: 1581: 1510: 1500: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1465: 1449: 1438: 1401:Marcelo Caetano 1395:After the 1974 1323:Portas do Cerco 1296:Antonio Salazar 1281: 1221: 1189: 1039:George Chinnery 1031: 959: 916: 882: 846: 779: 767:Macanese people 712:to Ming China. 680:Galeote Pereira 629:Zhengde Emperor 546:Macau Peninsula 538: 532: 441:Macau Peninsula 436: 430: 373:George Chinnery 358: 329: 328: 324:National anthem 309: 308: 292: 291: 282: 281: 270: 269: 265:Cantonese opera 255: 254: 235: 234: 230:Public holidays 225: 224: 201: 200: 196:Macanese people 186: 185: 154: 136: 28: 12: 11: 5: 7300: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7165: 7164: 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2031: 2004: 1982: 1975: 1951: 1944: 1924: 1917: 1888: 1864: 1835: 1810: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1777:Names of Macau 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1739: 1689: 1686: 1662: 1659: 1646: 1643: 1629:Sai Van Bridge 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1506:Main article: 1502: 1501: 1452: 1450: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1289:unequal treaty 1280: 1277: 1271:USS Enterprise 1220: 1217: 1188: 1185: 1098:Beijing Treaty 1030: 1027: 992:Macau Incident 983:Kangxi Emperor 881: 878: 845: 842: 778: 775: 604:— a cousin of 568:, driving the 564:in 1510, and 534:Main article: 531: 528: 445:Coloane Island 429: 426: 360: 359: 357: 356: 349: 342: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 321: 316: 310: 306: 305: 304: 301: 300: 294: 293: 290: 289: 283: 277: 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 262: 256: 249: 248: 247: 244: 243: 237: 236: 233: 232: 226: 222: 221: 220: 217: 216: 210: 209: 203: 202: 199: 198: 193: 187: 181: 180: 179: 176: 175: 169: 168: 160: 159: 151: 150: 138: 137: 135: 134: 127: 120: 112: 109: 108: 102: 101: 100: 99: 97:Postal history 94: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 47: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7299: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229:Key Locations 7227: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7188:David Sassoon 7186: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7174:Robert Shewan 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7025:Lancelot Dent 7023: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6993:Foreign Hongs 6990: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969:Chinese Hongs 6967: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:Canton System 6931: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6907: 6905: 6900: 6898: 6893: 6892: 6889: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6840: 6827: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6589: 6588: 6582: 6575: 6571: 6558: 6555: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6454: 6450: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6210: 6209: 6203: 6196: 6192: 6179: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6089: 6085:Masulipatnam 6083: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041:Daman and Diu 6039: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6030:(Thoothukudi) 6026: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6007:(Kodungallur) 6003: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5994:(Vasai-Virar) 5990: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5858: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5799: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5743: 5741:(Lakshadweep) 5735: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5707: 5703: 5690: 5683: 5682:Bandar-e Kong 5680: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5672:Dibba Al-Hisn 5670: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5412: 5408: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5075:Fernando Poo 5073: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5005: 5004: 4998: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4965: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4755: 4754: 4748: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4616:South Ossetia 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3433:Wartime Macau 3429: 3426: 3425:澳门史：1557～1999 3422: 3421:972-658-074-9 3418: 3414: 3410: 3409:0-8133-8970-4 3406: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3394:History Today 3391: 3390: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3257: 3253: 3252:World Finance 3249: 3242: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2928: 2921: 2920: 2914: 2906: 2904:99937-26-03-6 2900: 2896: 2889: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2798: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2765: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2694: 2686: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2602: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2561: 2553: 2547: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2498: 2489: 2482: 2469: 2465: 2463:0-253-21873-X 2459: 2455: 2454: 2446: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2422: 2416: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2363: 2350: 2346: 2344:0-8248-1485-1 2340: 2336: 2335: 2327: 2320: 2307: 2303: 2301:0-8248-1485-1 2297: 2293: 2292: 2284: 2277: 2264: 2260: 2258:0-8248-1485-1 2254: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2234: 2221: 2217: 2215:0-8248-1485-1 2211: 2207: 2206: 2198: 2191: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2156: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2122: 2120:962-04-1642-2 2116: 2112: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082: 2076: 2075:0-521-24333-5 2072: 2068: 2062: 2054: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2009: 1993: 1986: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1947: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1928: 1920: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1877: 1876:"15: History" 1871: 1869: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1807: 1801: 1797: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1772:Jorge Álvares 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1694: 1685: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634:In 2005, the 1632: 1630: 1627:In 2004, the 1625: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1576: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1509: 1498: 1495: 1487: 1484:December 2021 1477: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1453:This section 1451: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1422:Macau Stadium 1420:In 1997, the 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1406:In 1994, the 1404: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:Macau patacas 1378: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1355:12-3 incident 1352: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1333:In 1954, the 1331: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1184: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1169:San Francisco 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1152:Eastern Fleet 1149: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1135:In 1871, the 1133: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1026: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1004: 1003:Praia Grande, 999: 995: 993: 989: 984: 976: 971: 967: 962: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 931: 927: 926: 910: 902: 895: 891: 886: 877: 875: 871: 867: 866:episcopal see 863: 859: 855: 851: 841: 839: 838:Guia Fortress 835: 831: 827: 822: 819: 815: 810: 808: 803: 796: 791: 783: 774: 772: 768: 764: 756: 751: 747: 745: 740: 738: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 688: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 668:Lantau Island 665: 661: 657: 653: 648: 646: 641: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 600:commissioned 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 578:Lintin Island 575: 574:Jorge Álvares 571: 567: 563: 559: 551: 547: 542: 537: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 506: 502: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 435: 428:Early history 425: 422: 418: 414: 410: 407: 406: 401: 397: 394:in 1557 as a 393: 389: 386:(SAR) of the 385: 381: 374: 370: 366: 355: 350: 348: 343: 341: 336: 335: 333: 332: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 303: 302: 299: 296: 295: 288: 285: 284: 280: 274: 273: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 252: 246: 245: 242: 239: 238: 231: 228: 227: 219: 218: 215: 212: 211: 208: 205: 204: 197: 194: 192: 189: 188: 184: 178: 177: 174: 171: 170: 166: 162: 161: 157: 153: 152: 148: 144: 143: 133: 128: 126: 121: 119: 114: 113: 111: 110: 107: 104: 103: 98: 95: 93: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 50: 49: 48: 44: 43: 39: 35: 34: 31: 25: 24: 20: 19: 16: 7255: 7092:Thomas Beale 7087:Daniel Beale 7011:Albert Heard 6825: 6778:19th century 6777: 6775: 6735:18th century 6734: 6732: 6704:17th century 6703: 6701: 6593:16th century 6592: 6590: 6556: 6513:16th century 6512: 6510: 6498: 6497: 6484: 6483: 6472:15th century 6471: 6469: 6424: 6401:20th century 6400: 6398: 6356:19th century 6355: 6353: 6324:17th century 6323: 6321: 6214:16th century 6213: 6211: 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