532:- which overthrew the large farms - the economy of Espírito Santo endured and provided its presidents after the republic was proclaimed with the means necessary for undertakings such as the construction of railroads, expansion of education and organization of urban plans. Muniz Freire installed water, electricity, and sanitation infrastructure; electric streetcars; an industrial park; a power plant; and a sugar mill in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim; a model farm in Cariacica, as well as reform of the public educational system and building schools and bridges. These and other works were carried out with resources coming mainly from the coffee produced by the colonies of European immigrants organized since the
583:
20:
644:
Steel Mill was inaugurated, representing a total investment of three billion dollars. The phase was marked by an intense industrialization effort promoted by the
Economic Development Company of Espírito Santo (Codesp), later transformed into the Development Bank of Espírito Santo (Bandes). Factories for instant coffee, pasta, chocolate, tiles, and fruit preserves were installed, and projects were approved for the establishment of dairy, shoe, electrical material, edible oils, and citrus juice factories.
468:
407:
270:
337:. This search had begun at the initiative of the general government and the cycle was limited to a few relevant expeditions, whose importance lied less in the results obtained, than in the dynamization of interest in the area and greater knowledge of the countryside. Among the most notable were Diogo Martins Cão (1596), Marcos de Azeredo (1611), and Agostinho Barbalho de Bezerra (1664), who searched the vicinity of the
305:. A succession of captains followed, with frequent and serious disagreements between them and the council officers. Upon coming of age, in 1667, Antônio Luís Gonçalves da Câmara Coutinho, the last descendant of the first donee, was appointed captain major by Antônio Mendes de Figueiredo, an esteemed governor. In 1674, the purchase of the territory from the last donee of the Câmara Coutinho family was made by the
318:
294:") João Dias Guedes and did not settle in Vitória. They then attacked Vila Velha, from where they were also repulsed. The colonial government, faced with such repeated attacks, decided to send forty infantrymen from the regular troop to Vitória. On this occasion, the captaincy progressed and Koin captured two ships carrying sugar that, hit by land fire, were almost completely damaged.
186:
95:
380:
while by order of the king, it was forbidden to continue explorations. The opening of entrances to the mines was prevented. The captaincy defended itself from maritime attacks and was isolated by natural defenses: Closed forests and
Indians fighting for their territories. Colonization, therefore, continued without further progress, although in 1741 the
364:. The profits, however, did not compensate for the investment made. His son and heir, likely for this reason, preferred to stay away from the lordship and, after his death, the captaincy became vacant and was sold to the crown by Cosme Rolim de Moura, a cousin of the last donee. As a result, Espírito Santo was submitted to the jurisdiction of Bahia.
484:
the arrival of farmers from Rio de
Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo. Following the example of the other southern provinces, in Espírito Santo this colonizing experience was based on small agricultural property, which soon spread along the central highland area, in contrast to the southern areas of that region, where large property predominated.
579:(1869) alongside a fierce journalistic and parliamentary campaign. A liberation society was founded in the very building of the Municipal Chamber of Vitória (1883). During the propaganda, the cruelty of the punishments inflicted on slaves was evoked, as had happened after the insurrection of about 200 blacks in the district of Queimados in 1849.
551:, and in 1879, the first studies were made for the construction of a port, which should allow for the transportation of the entire production of the province. Meeting the new demands, in the middle of the century, the press of the state of Espírito Santo began to function, with the circulation of the newspaper
258:. The largest force of the indigenous was concentrated in a fortified village by the Cricaré River. The decisive battle took place there, on May 22, 1558. The Portuguese, though victorious, suffered heavy casualties. Among the dead were Mem de Sá's son, Fernão de Sá, who commanded the squadron; and two sons of
425:"Since it is my particular duty to revive the almost extinct captaincy of Espírito Santo, entrusted until now to ignorant and not very zealous captains, I was served to nominate a private governor for it, who is now subordinate to you, and to choose a name of known lights and prestige in the person of the
643:
With the installation of Tubarão, the region was endowed with an infrastructure that propitiated the emergence of a new industrial complex that contains an iron ore pellet plant, with a production capacity of two million tons per year. On
November 29, 1983, ten years after work had begun, the Tubarão
578:
At the end of the 19th century, the population of the state, especially the intellectuals, joined the abolitionist movement. As happened in the other provinces, associations linked to emancipation arose, such as the
Abolitionist Society of Espírito Santo ("Sociedade Abolicionista do Espírito Santo")
379:
favored the settlement of enterprising individuals. The movement aroused the attention of the Bahian authorities and ended up being hampered by the care of the royal monopoly and fear of a foreign invasion of Minas Gerais from Espíriro Santo. Measures were then taken to better fortify the captaincy,
170:
warfare that lasted, with small truces, until the middle of the 17th century. Vasco
Fernandes Coutinho's undertaking was thus one of the hardest. For the patriarch of Espírito Santo, the captaincy that was initially a prize turned into punishment; he had to commit all his possessions to preserve his
483:
The provincial government faced an economic crisis in the early 1820s, caused by the strangulation of agricultural production due to a prolonged drought. Even so, coffee cultivation began. To this end, the government encouraged the use of land by foreign settlers, which occurred simultaneously with
639:
in Vitória, with the capacity to store one million tons of ore, receive ships of up to one hundred thousand tons and load them at a rate of six thousand tons per hour. Construction began in 1966 and was completed in record time. Located ten kilometers north of the capital, it is one of the largest
594:
The abolition of slavery, however, led the large landowners to ruin, due to the deprivation of their traditional labor force. Thus, with the advent of the republic, the first governor of the state did not find material conditions to carry out the plans recommended by the republican propaganda. The
72:
and the presence of hostile tribes in the countryside contributed to Espírito Santo remaining for a long time an essentially coastal captaincy. The situation changed only in the second half of the 19th century, due to the expansion of coffee farming. The occupation of the extreme north occurred at
433:
The new governor took office on March 29, 1800. The main objective of the recovery work was to improve communication with Minas Gerais. On
October 8 of the same year, Silva Pontes signed the act, together with the representative of the government of Minas Gerais, which regulated the collection of
694:
From 2006, the precariousness of prisons started to be reported, as it caused rebellions, murders, and even dismemberments (in the Casa de Custódia de Viana); in 2009, prisoners were kept in steel containers, without proper ventilation, due to the lack of cells. In March 2010, this situation was
507:
In the colonization process, the immigrants faced, besides other difficulties, the indigenous predicament in the Rio Doce region. Despite the efforts to create villages and the attempts to use their labor, there was a succession of clashes with the settlers, and there was a more serious dispute
475:
During the independence movement, in March and April 1821, several political commotions occurred in Espírito Santo, while the choice of its representatives happened in the courts of Lisbon. After the proclamation of
Brazilian autonomy, full support was given to the new political reality, and on
520:
In the republic, the state of Espírito Santo contributed effectively to the country's progress. The sugar cane fields had been replaced by coffee trees. No sugar mills had yet been founded. The central mills were gradually disappearing. Besides the farmers from Espírito Santo, who started to
297:
The depletion of the population, which in the early days threatened several times to desert the captaincy, as well as the inability to continue its incipient agriculture, revealed the weakness of the foundations on which the local colonization was based. There, too, private resources proved
434:
taxes between the two captaincies. He was also interested in the navigation of the Doce River, the opening of roads, the expansion of crops, and the settlement of the land. In 1810, the captaincy became autonomous from Bahia and responded directly to the general government. At that time,
85:
Today, Espírito Santo has valuable assets in the push for economic development: A privileged geographical location, rich reserves of radioactive minerals on the coast, one of the largest ore ports in the world, and the second-largest oil production in Brazil.
77:
plantations, established by farmers from Bahia. But it was only in 1963 that Espírito Santo acquired its current geographical configuration, with the solution of the old dispute between the state and Minas Gerais, regarding the ownership of the
607:
bridge over the Doce River, inaugurated in 1928. The
Espirito Santo economy relied on the migration of contingents from the south and center of the country and the cultivation of coffee, which accounted for 95% of the revenue in 1903. During
491:
and in 1855 a private society - later taken over by the government - created the Rio Novo colony with Swiss, German, Dutch, and
Portuguese families. Between 1856 and 1862, there was a considerable influx of German immigrants to the colony of
454:
On March 20, 1820, Baltazar de Sousa Botelho de Vasconcelos was sworn in as governor, and had to deal with the agitated days of independence and pass the administration to the provisional government board. Even before the promulgation of the
398:
The obstinacy of the miners and the improvements made in the defense system eventually weakened the prohibitions, and in 1758, according to a royal order, a road to the mines was opened and a discharge post was established in the village of
570:, Benevente (now Anchieta), and Itapemirim. Shortly before, the province had lost part of its lands due to the disannexation of Campos dos Goytacases and São João da Barra, returned to Rio de Janeiro in 1832. This dispute resolved in 1900.
1549:
699:. Partially fulfilling commitments made, the government deactivated the metal cells and demolished the Casa de Custódia de Viana in May 2010. In October, seven penitentiaries were inspected by a commission led by the
277:
The strategic position of the captaincy, given its proximity to Rio de Janeiro, led to some foreign invasion attempts. In 1592, the Capixabas (natives to the state) repulsed an English onslaught, under the command of
165:
The establishment of the village consisted of a series of struggles, as the natives did not give up their lands to the Portuguese without resistance. They retreated to the forest, where they concentrated to start a
512:, in 1825, with a high number of dead and wounded, Two decades later, the commander and future baron of Itapemirim, Joaquim Marcelino da Silva Lima, still tried to organize a large village based on vacant lands.
358:. Francisco Gil's activity and capital expenditure did not result in any metalliferous discoveries, although there were some gains in land valuation, through the establishment of settlers and the creation of new
656:
Tubarão (formerly Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão) was inaugurated to expand the annual production of steel slabs from 5 million to 7.5 million tons. The state is the largest producer of steel slabs in Brazil.
200:- at the time called Vila Nova - on the island of Santo Antônio, in a strategic position, more advantageous than Vila Velha for defense against the constant attacks of the natives. At the same time,
1641:
139:
150:
On May 23, 1535, the Portuguese nobleman Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, veteran of the campaigns in Africa and India, docked in the lands of the captaincy, which had been assigned to him by King
1519:
290:
stood out. In 1640, with seven ships, the Dutch attacked Espírito Santo again, under the command of Colonel Koin. They managed to land 400 men but were repelled by the captain major ("
1407:
1580:
706:
In 2014, the state when through one of the worst droughts in the last decades. The following year also presented a natural disaster, as the wave of waste from the dam collapse in
445:("Statistical memory of the Espírito Santo captaincy"), written in 1817, in which he stated that at the time there were 24,587 inhabitants, six villages, eight hamlets, and eight
1557:
627:
until 1943, under whose administration the port of Vitória and the construction of an ore dock were started. In 1945, under the administration of Jones dos Santos Neves, the
676:) was accused of being the leader of the scheme. Because of bureaucratic procedures, the investigations have not yet been concluded and Campostrini retains his position.
451:. The occupation of the territory was consolidated and the demographic base expanded. In face of the difficulties of the time, these data demonstrate relevant progress.
547:, in Minas Gerais, and the south of Espírito Santo. Despite being located outside the cultivation region, the city of Vitória was the one that most progressed with the
375:
and other places attracted residents from neighboring captaincies. A new impulse of conquest and occupation of the countryside was witnessed, and the concessions of
1671:
500:, fifty kilometers from the mouth, in the south of the state. The colonies of Santa Isabel and Santa Leopoldina created offshoots across the plateau, between the
441:
The colonial period ended under better auspices, mainly due to the diligence of Francisco Alberro Rubim, appointed governor in 1812. Rubim was the author of the
394:"Here there is no jail or town hall, because they fell down and my predecessors did not take care in rebuilding them (...) for the City Council has no income."
301:
In 1627, Francisco de Aguiar Coutinho died, whose successor, Ambrósio de Aguiar Coutinho, was not interested in the lordship and continued as governor in the
143:
736:
rivers, with as much inland, from the point where the portion granted to Pero de Campos Tourinho, donee of the Captaincy of Porto Seguro, ended in the north.
158:, he named the village to be built on the land he was granted'Espírito Santo' (Portuguese for "holy spirit"). Today, Vila do Espírito Santo is the city of
603:
The occupation of the north of Espírito Santo only began in the first decades of the 20th century and gained new momentum after the construction of the
539:
With the railroad irradiation that coffee gave rise to in the mid-19th century, Espírito Santo benefited from the railroad network, whose center was in
1645:
1117:
1611:
1275:
1487:
1696:
1527:
348:
Gil de Araújo promoted 14 expeditions across the Rio Doce, heading to the Serra das Esmeraldas, which may have had contact with the Paulistans (
342:
367:
During the 18th century, the interest in mining persisted, revived by Antônio Rodrigues Arzão's discovery of a small quantity of gold in the
333:
Under the new donee's government, trade and farming developed, but the main reason for buying the captaincy was frustrated: The discovery of
1064:
901:
1588:
1439:
631:(UFES) was created, the first initiative concerning higher education in the state. To expand the export of iron ore from Minas Gerais,
110:
trunk. The tribes in the remote areas were called Botocudos, and were attributed to hostile and bellicose behavior and the practice of
1178:
696:
208:, which caused clashes with the settlers, who preferred to dominate the indigenous peoples through slavery. Since 1561, the Jesuit
1195:
640:
ore ports in the world. With the transfer to Tubarão of most iron ore exports, the port of Vitória was freed up for other uses.
628:
106:
Initially, the region was inhabited by several indigenous tribes, such as the Aimoré and Goitacá. Most Indians belonged to the
1422:
885:
1746:
309:
nobleman Francisco Gil de Araújo, for forty thousand cruzados, a transaction confirmed by a royal letter of March 18, 1675.
664:
carried out Operation Welfare Aid ("Operação Auxílio-Sufrágio"), which dismantled a gang specializing in fraud against the
50:
was founded, the first population center of the captaincy. In the task of catechizing the region's Indians, the figure of
1741:
435:
247:
371:, in 1692. Numerous enterprises followed, beginning with the opening of the road to Minas Gerais, while the deposits of
212:
had chosen the village of Reritiba as his refuge, from where he had to be constantly away, due to his duties, either in
852:
438:
ruled, who did not deviate from Silva Pontes' program. He named the ancient ruins of the village of Coutins Linhares.
341:. Francisco Gil de Araújo founded the village of Nossa Senhora de Guarapari and built the forts of Monte do Carmo and
793:
174:
Besides the insubordination of the natives, the donee had to face dissension among the Portuguese. To his companions
1303:
1253:
1232:
673:
932:
1118:"A LEGENDÁRIA "SERRA DAS ESMERALDAS" E A EXPLORAÇÃO DOS SERTÕES DO RIO CRICARÉ NO SÉCULO XVI | REDE NOTICIA ES"
456:
40:
745:
A Portuguese system, adapted in Brazil, which regulated the distribution of land for agricultural production.
1053:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 6. São Paulo: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil Publicações Ltda. 1998.
700:
616:
197:
1147:"O imaginário metalista luso-brasileiro colonial: a Serra das Esmeraldas na segunda metade do século XVII"
525:, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, such as the Baron of Itapemirim and went to the state to work with coffee.
1324:
713:
In 2018, the new Vitória airport was inaugurated after a 10-year halt in construction (resumed in 2015).
544:
287:
182:, using the powers he had received along with the letter of donation. With this, he created two rivals.
1711:
1497:
680:
372:
122:
The first expedition to explore the coast of Espírito Santo left Portugal in 1501, with the navigator
909:
688:
661:
509:
582:
127:
1146:
548:
529:
387:
234:
540:
400:
283:
282:. In 1625, the donee Francisco de Aguiar Coutinho faced the first Dutch attack, commanded by
57:
There was a long period in the meantime, unknown to many, when Espírito Santo was annexed to
31:
is composed of studies focused on the evolution of the territory and society of the state of
1619:
263:
1492:
707:
624:
390:. In 1747, the ombudsman Manuel Nunes Macedo described the situation in Vitória as follows:
151:
213:
79:
8:
1094:
418:
410:
242:"). The latter describes the Battle of Cricaré, an epic of a squadron sent from Bahia by
620:
255:
250:, to the rescue of Vasco Fernandes Coutinho and his people, who were under siege by the
209:
189:
51:
1408:"O Estado do Espírito Santo: seu histórico industrial e sua importância para o Brasil"
836:
636:
459:, the ombudsman Inácio Acióli de Vasconcelos was appointed president of the province.
1690:
1418:
1254:"Migração no Brasil o caso do Espírito Santo Ocupação territorial e herança cultural"
1206:
1154:
881:
684:
477:
326:
167:
111:
1581:"Rebelião em penitenciária do Espírito Santo terminou, anuncia Secretaria de Estado"
810:
587:
162:. In 1535, the village became a captaincy, in 1822 a province, and in 1889 a state.
32:
805:
733:
533:
497:
493:
279:
175:
123:
19:
426:
62:
1072:
522:
217:
543:
and that established a connection between two important coffee growing areas:
355:
322:
1735:
1158:
902:"VilaCapixaba - Vila Velha - Artigos - Colonização do Solo Espírito Santense"
838:
The European discovery of America : the southern voyages, A.D. 1492-1616
653:
138:
729:
669:
559:
350:
69:
1672:"Retrospectiva 2015: lama no Rio Doce e navio-plataforma marcam ano no ES"
406:
243:
609:
487:
In 1846, the Santa Isabel colony was founded with German immigrants from
251:
114:. On the coast, the tribes were also hostile, but with different habits.
107:
488:
130:, discovered and explored areas off and on the eastern coast of Brazil.
1304:"Dia do café: mais de 170 anos de história econômica no ES – ES Brasil"
878:
A viagem do descobrimento: a verdadeira história da expedição de Cabral
501:
368:
338:
205:
159:
126:
on board. Other expeditions in the following years, such as the one by
74:
47:
1354:
1276:"Como a descoberta do ouro no Brasil fez a história do ES se esconder"
940:
632:
567:
496:, whose headquarters was the port of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, on the
447:
1379:
781:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 6. Rio de Janeiro: Delta. 1982.
691:) was elected governor in the first round, with 82.3% of the votes.
99:
1612:"Brasil é denunciado por violação de direitos humanos em presídios"
1447:
853:"Folha Online - Turismo - Aventura e Expedições - Ilha da Trindade"
604:
563:
317:
269:
259:
1183:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Typographia de Moreira, Maximo & C.
665:
467:
386:
of Vitória was created, which covered São Salvador de Campos and
382:
360:
334:
298:
insufficient to maintain such a difficult and costly enterprise.
201:
155:
612:, the port of Vitória was the second largest national exporter.
558:
In 1850, Espírito Santo had ten municipalities: Vitória, Serra,
39:, from the first indigenous inhabitants and the creation of the
1550:"Sem dificuldades, Casagrande é eleito no primeiro turno no ES"
302:
36:
1332:
1095:"Conjunto de vários citações bibliográficas sobre Maria Ortiz"
623:
took charge of the state, as intervenor, and was kept by the
306:
221:
58:
1203:
Site Oficial do Arquivo Público do Estado do Espírito Santo.
841:. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press.
679:
In October 2008, the mayor of the capital, João Coser (from
185:
1355:"Insurreição do Queimado, um marco da luta pela liberdade"
504:
and Santa Maria rivers, and later crossed the Doce River.
43:
by Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, in 1535, to the present day.
1556:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 October 2010. Archived from
1526:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 October 2008. Archived from
1476:(in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Abril. p. 680.
94:
1151:
Cordis: Revista Eletrônica de História Social da Cidade
794:"Olhares Estrangeiros. Viajantes no vale do rio Mucuri"
555:, owned by Pedro Antônio de Azeredo, starting in 1849.
421:
addressed the governor of Bahia in the following terms:
1644:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 May 2010. Archived from
1520:"Em Vitória, João Coser é reeleito no primeiro turno"
880:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva.
1233:"Memória estatística da capitania do Espírito Santo"
528:
Thanks to the fruitful work of these settlers, when
345:. The one of São João, found in ruins, was rebuilt.
73:
the beginning of the 20th century, due to the first
652:In November 2007, the expansion of the steel mill
443:Memória estatística da capitania do Espírito Santo
480:was immediately recognized as emperor of Brazil.
1733:
595:finances of the former province were exhausted.
1665:
1663:
262:(Diogo Álvares Correia) with the Indian woman
683:) was reelected in the first round. In 2010,
1660:
1695:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
515:
1488:"PF acusa deputado de fraudar Previdência"
1587:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
1446:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
1205:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
1071:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
939:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
930:
908:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
809:
697:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
1712:"Novo Aeroporto de Vitória é inaugurado"
710:, Minas Gerais, reached Espírito Santo.
581:
466:
405:
316:
268:
184:
137:
117:
93:
18:
1578:
1180:Historia da Provincia do Espirito-Santo
834:
462:
89:
1734:
1609:
1471:
791:
178:and Duarte Lemos he granted extensive
1709:
1670:ES, Naiara ArpiniDo G1 (2015-12-30).
1467:
1465:
1402:
1400:
1306:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-04-14
1298:
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1247:
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986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
875:
471:Imperial Provinces of Brazil in 1822.
230:Of the Holy Virgin Mary Mother of God
1193:
1144:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
830:
828:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
728:Fifty leagues of coast, between the
629:Federal University of Espírito Santo
204:missionaries arrived and engaged in
1115:
530:slavery of the blacks was abolished
436:Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar
224:. He wrote two poems in Reritiba: "
23:Flag of the State of Espírito Santo
13:
1669:
1462:
1437:
1397:
1293:
1263:
1251:
1242:
1165:
1131:
598:
14:
1758:
1352:
1231:Rubim, Francisco Alberro (1817).
955:
825:
757:
508:between Indians and residents of
171:village and ended up dying poor.
1610:Jornal, Pravda Ru (2010-05-05).
226:De Beata Virgine dei Marte Maria
46:Also in 1535, the settlement of
1703:
1634:
1618:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1603:
1579:Santana, Érica (19 June 2006).
1572:
1542:
1512:
1496:. 25 April 2008. Archived from
1480:
1431:
1372:
1346:
1317:
1224:
1187:
1177:Penna, Misael Ferreira (1878).
1109:
1087:
1057:
811:10.1590/S0102-01882002000200002
739:
647:
429:Antônio Pires da Silva Pontes."
286:, a fight in which the heroine
924:
894:
869:
845:
835:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1974).
798:Revista Brasileira de História
785:
722:
566:, São Mateus, Espírito Santo,
521:cultivate coffee, people from
1:
792:Duarte, Regina Horta (2002).
751:
133:
68:The prohibition of mining in
1196:"História do Espírito Santo"
1194:Oliveira, José Teixeira de.
1049:"Espírito Santo: História".
779:Enciclopédia Delta Universal
701:Order of Attorneys of Brazil
695:discussed in a panel at the
573:
273:Thomas Cavendish (1555-1592)
61:, with its capital based in
7:
1065:"História de Vila Velha ES"
800:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
312:
41:Captaincy of Espírito Santo
10:
1763:
1742:History of Brazil by state
1359:Fundação Cultural Palmares
1259:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1238:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1145:Reis, Fabio Paiva (2009).
457:constitution of the empire
248:general governor of Brazil
1747:History of Espírito Santo
1718:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1678:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1642:"Jornal Folha de Vitória"
1386:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1361:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1282:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1120:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1097:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
672:Wolmar Campostrini (from
240:Of the deeds of Mem de Sá
29:History of Espírito Santo
1472:Civita, Roberto (2010).
716:
516:Influence of agriculture
196:Duarte de Lemos founded
144:Vasco Fernandes Coutinho
1438:Brasil, ArcelorMittal.
1153:(in Portuguese) (3–4).
1051:Nova Enciclopédia Barsa
937:Site Oficial da Família
876:Bueno, Eduardo (1998).
510:Cachoeiro de Itapemirim
284:Pieter Pieterszoon Hein
591:
472:
431:
414:
396:
330:
274:
235:De Gestis Mendi de Saa
193:
147:
103:
24:
1710:PRODEST; ES, Portal.
1440:"ArcelorMittal é Aço"
857:www1.folha.uol.com.br
585:
541:Campos dos Goytacases
470:
423:
409:
392:
320:
272:
188:
141:
118:The first expeditions
97:
22:
1493:O Estado de S. Paulo
906:www.vilacapixaba.com
666:Social Security Plan
553:O Correio da Vitória
463:Province Development
417:In 1797, the regent
343:São Francisco Xavier
152:John III of Portugal
128:Pedro Álvares Cabral
90:Pre-Columbian period
1648:on 24 December 2012
1329:repositorio.ufes.br
1212:on 3 September 2013
660:In April 2008, the
411:John VI of Portugal
325:, exhibited at the
1622:on 3 November 2012
1560:on 12 January 2012
1280:www.agazeta.com.br
1069:Ache Tudo e Região
777:"Espírito Santo".
617:Revolution of 1930
592:
473:
415:
331:
275:
210:Joseph of Anchieta
194:
190:Joseph of Anchieta
148:
104:
52:Joseph of Anchieta
25:
1424:978-85-98539-04-1
1252:Lucena, Adriana.
1075:on 24 August 2012
912:on 5 January 2013
887:978-85-7302-202-5
685:Renato Casagrande
476:October 1, 1822,
388:São João da Barra
256:island of Vitória
80:Serra dos Aimorés
1754:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1415:Anais do VII CBG
1412:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1272:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1046:
953:
952:
950:
948:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
898:
892:
891:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
849:
843:
842:
832:
823:
822:
820:
818:
813:
789:
783:
782:
774:
746:
743:
737:
726:
621:João Punaro Bley
498:Itapemirim river
494:Santa Leopoldina
356:Fernão Dias Pais
323:Fernão Dias Pais
280:Thomas Cavendish
176:Jorge de Meneses
142:Coat of arms of
124:Americo Vespucci
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1450:on 4 April 2011
1436:
1432:
1425:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1175:
1166:
1143:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1116:Martins, Jhon.
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1047:
956:
946:
944:
931:Família Gripp.
929:
925:
915:
913:
900:
899:
895:
888:
874:
870:
861:
859:
851:
850:
846:
833:
826:
816:
814:
804:(44): 267–288.
790:
786:
776:
775:
758:
754:
749:
744:
740:
727:
723:
719:
650:
637:port of Tubarão
601:
599:Economic growth
576:
518:
465:
427:Frigate captain
327:Paulista Museum
315:
136:
120:
92:
17:
16:Brazilian state
12:
11:
5:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1702:
1676:Espírito Santo
1659:
1633:
1602:
1591:on 7 July 2011
1585:Agência Brasil
1571:
1541:
1530:on 20 May 2011
1511:
1500:on 14 May 2011
1479:
1474:Almanque Abril
1461:
1430:
1423:
1396:
1371:
1345:
1316:
1292:
1262:
1241:
1223:
1186:
1164:
1130:
1108:
1086:
1056:
954:
943:on 6 July 2011
923:
893:
886:
868:
844:
824:
784:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:
738:
720:
718:
715:
668:in the state.
662:Federal Police
649:
646:
600:
597:
588:Espírito Santo
575:
572:
523:Rio de Janeiro
517:
514:
464:
461:
314:
311:
218:Rio de Janeiro
154:. As it was a
135:
132:
119:
116:
91:
88:
33:Espírito Santo
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1759:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1449:
1445:
1444:ArcelorMittal
1441:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1335:on 2023-05-12
1334:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1234:
1227:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1119:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
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1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
942:
938:
934:
927:
911:
907:
903:
897:
889:
883:
879:
872:
858:
854:
848:
840:
839:
831:
829:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
780:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
756:
742:
735:
731:
725:
721:
714:
711:
709:
704:
702:
698:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
654:ArcelorMittal
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
606:
596:
589:
584:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
513:
511:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
485:
481:
479:
469:
460:
458:
452:
450:
449:
444:
439:
437:
430:
428:
422:
420:
412:
408:
404:
402:
395:
391:
389:
385:
384:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
346:
344:
340:
336:
328:
324:
321:Sculpture by
319:
310:
308:
304:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
267:
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261:
257:
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245:
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219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
187:
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181:
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169:
163:
161:
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145:
140:
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129:
125:
115:
113:
112:anthropophagy
109:
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76:
71:
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64:
60:
55:
53:
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1715:
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1675:
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1636:
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1620:the original
1615:
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1589:the original
1584:
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1558:the original
1554:UOL Eleições
1553:
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1528:the original
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1333:the original
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801:
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787:
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724:
712:
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678:
670:State deputy
659:
651:
648:21st century
642:
614:
602:
593:
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560:Nova Almeida
557:
552:
545:Zona da Mata
538:
527:
519:
506:
486:
482:
474:
453:
446:
442:
440:
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351:bandeirantes
349:
347:
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300:
296:
291:
276:
239:
233:
229:
225:
195:
192:(1534-1597).
179:
173:
164:
149:
121:
105:
84:
70:Minas Gerais
67:
56:
45:
28:
26:
625:Estado Novo
610:World War I
549:coffee boom
292:capitão-mor
288:Maria Ortiz
156:Whit Sunday
54:stood out.
1736:Categories
1722:2023-05-12
1682:2023-05-12
1616:PortPravda
1524:Globo News
1390:2023-05-12
1380:"História"
1365:2023-05-12
1339:2023-05-12
1310:2023-05-12
1286:2023-05-12
1124:2023-05-12
933:"O Estado"
862:2023-05-11
752:References
734:Itapemirim
635:built the
448:freguesias
369:Doce River
339:Doce River
206:catechesis
160:Vila Velha
134:Early days
98:Family of
48:Vila Velha
1716:Portal ES
1159:2176-4174
633:Vale S.A.
615:With the
574:Abolition
568:Guarapari
377:sesmarias
264:Paraguaçu
244:Mem de Sá
214:São Paulo
180:sesmarias
168:guerrilla
1691:cite web
1595:15 March
1534:15 March
1504:15 March
1454:15 March
1325:"RiUfes"
1101:20 April
1079:8 August
947:8 August
916:8 August
817:22 April
605:Colatina
564:Linhares
489:Hunsrück
361:engenhos
335:emeralds
313:Emeralds
260:Caramuru
232:") and "
102:Indians.
100:Botocudo
82:region.
63:Salvador
1652:16 July
1626:16 July
1564:16 July
1353:Ascom.
708:Mariana
590:in 1913
586:Map of
478:Pedro I
419:John VI
383:comarca
373:Castelo
254:on the
198:Vitória
1421:
1157:
884:
730:Mucuri
687:(from
534:empire
401:Campos
303:Azores
252:Tamoio
202:Jesuit
37:Brazil
1411:(PDF)
1257:(PDF)
1236:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
1199:(PDF)
717:Notes
354:) of
307:Bahia
222:Bahia
220:, or
75:cacao
59:Bahia
1697:link
1654:2011
1628:2011
1597:2011
1566:2011
1536:2011
1506:2011
1456:2011
1419:ISBN
1384:Ufes
1218:2010
1155:ISSN
1103:2008
1081:2010
949:2010
918:2010
882:ISBN
819:2008
732:and
502:Jucu
238:" ("
228:" ("
108:Tupi
27:The
806:doi
689:PSB
674:PDT
1738::
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1693:}}
1689:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
