369:
60:
615:
It was responsible for the creation of 5 new TV channels in Spain and 2 in Latin
America. Particularly, it allowed the broadcasting of TVE (Spanish National TV channel) in Mexico and Canal América in Spain, after it was negotiated in the Chief of state meeting in Guadalajara
461:
The satellite had 3,790 W of electric power. Its voltage was 42,5 V. it had solar panels and batteries especially design to provide power twice a year, when the satellite was deprived of sunlight for 80 minutes due to solar eclipses.
523:
The 18 December 1997 the X-band antenna suffered a catastrophic failure and ceased functioning. This was later attributed to defects during production and made Matra
Marconi Space choose
2387:
2632:
609:
Although its service life officially begin in 1993, 12 November 1992, it performed its first mission during the closure ceremony of the Expo
Universal Sevilla 1992.
1738:
2570:
2454:
725:
2329:
1977:
1908:
1794:
1092:
2735:
2709:
2587:
2487:
2378:
2291:
2155:
2658:
2194:
2064:
1498:
2495:
2491:
2348:
2179:
1280:
2730:
2449:
2110:
2090:
956:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2758:
2684:
2679:
2653:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2579:
2549:
2472:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2319:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2232:
2199:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2115:
2080:
2047:
2043:
2039:
1882:
384:
on the lateral faces (when extended measured 22.02 m) and space for the communications module on the upper and lower faces. It was built by
2674:
2175:
2537:
2507:
2836:
2648:
2642:
2628:
2751:
2227:
2746:
2714:
2689:
2324:
2189:
2075:
2070:
1830:
646:
2814:
are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
605:
During its 10 year service life, the
Hispasat 1A accomplished a series of milestones for the aerospace industry of Spain such as:
2467:
2286:
1970:
1370:
470:
The satellite offered both military and civilian communication channels for its customers. The module consisted in 15 active
1491:
2809:
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
612:
It was the first private satellite to be contracted by the
Spanish Armed Forces during their deployment in the Balkans.
1963:
1351:"HISPASAT Satellites Programs- Background, Beginning, Experience and Benefits for Society and Spanish Space Industry"
1861:
481:
antenna and lower (containing a set of low gain antennas) faces of the prism. As a whole, it weighed 280 kg.
1484:
970:
905:
485:
403:
The satellite weighed 2,194 kg at launch and had a dry weight of 1,325 kg. It was 3 axis stabilized.
2831:
2428:
2281:
1116:
1877:
1887:
755:
53:
381:
1186:
842:
930:
497:
435:
393:
377:
337:
68:
47:
1824:
501:
353:
593:. Its operating life officially ended in July 2003 when the satellite was definitely moved to a
1507:
994:
1416:
672:
478:
420:
1068:
1018:
1779:
1198:
879:
816:
512:
439:
368:
1784:
8:
2002:
1991:
1987:
1845:
1650:
1042:
698:
567:
555:
544:
489:
450:
397:
389:
285:
204:
115:
59:
1350:
1202:
883:
867:
820:
804:
578:
of 42,433 km. The 3 September 2001 the satellite was relocated to 29.99º W with an
1955:
1835:
1325:
950:
548:
424:
380:. It consisted on a box shaped metal casing (1.7 x 1.9 x 2.21 meters) with retractable
130:
1391:
779:
2574:
1451:
1424:
1366:
1214:
887:
824:
737:
680:
475:
385:
1840:
1358:
1206:
1140:
938:
1913:
1645:
1301:
594:
586:
575:
453:) engines with 10 N of thrust each for attitude control and auxiliary maneuvers.
255:
524:
318:(12+6) Ku-band (8-55 W, 4-110 W) transponders, (3+1) X-band (110 W) transponders
2459:
1819:
1607:
590:
571:
416:
345:
295:
1444:"Origen y desarrollo del satélite en España: la realidad del sistema Hispasat"
1210:
1164:
496:
Standards) with one spare. The bandwidth was 27 MHz and it had a maximum
2825:
2638:
2554:
2482:
2303:
2184:
2034:
1814:
1455:
1428:
1362:
1256:
1218:
891:
828:
741:
684:
579:
102:
1918:
535:
The satellite was successfully launched 10 September 1992 at 23:04 hours by
1602:
1232:
1093:"HISPASAT chooses Arianespace to launch its Amazonas 4A and AG1 satellites"
357:
2798:
2763:
2704:
2699:
2617:
2528:
2398:
2339:
2126:
2029:
2017:
1944:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1562:
1539:
1476:
626:
585:
During its service life it was monitored from
Hispasat's headquarters in
536:
471:
349:
214:
1443:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1570:
1557:
1552:
1547:
805:"Flight results of a new GEO infrared Earth sensor STD 15 on board TC2"
2501:
2222:
2094:
1903:
1047:
703:
2773:
2477:
2463:
2344:
2120:
1928:
1923:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1706:
1638:
1633:
1577:
1534:
1528:
942:
540:
511:(8 at 55 W, 4 at 110 W) with six spares. They were mostly used for
341:
40:
348:
for both civilian and military customers. Together with the later
2383:
1789:
1763:
1699:
1694:
1666:
508:
726:"Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications"
504:
speeds were 12.1-12.5 GHz and 17.3-17.7 GHz downlink.
2768:
2741:
2694:
2623:
2543:
2523:
2423:
2334:
2297:
2216:
2165:
2133:
2085:
2023:
1614:
1019:"Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)"
929:
Balduccini, Mauro; Giommi, Marco; Morelli, Guido (1991-07-01).
563:
428:
1471:
2432:
1711:
931:"Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster"
559:
275:
265:
1281:""Indra expands Hispasat ground segment by 5 million euros""
493:
412:
1302:"HISPASAT 1A - NORAD 22116 - 3D Online Satellite Tracking"
558:
30º West, around 36,000 km high (36,055.2 km of
1985:
1237:
N2YO.com - Real Time
Satellite Tracking and Predictions
928:
597:
7º W and since then it has been drifting 3.458º a day.
1392:"El primer satélite Hispasat (1A y 1B) | Revista CAOS"
1357:, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
647:"Hispasat 1A, primer satélite español de comunicación"
1184:
1185:Jehn, R.; Agapov, V.; Hernández, C. (2005-01-01).
723:
484:For governments and the military it offered three
2823:
1141:"Satcom 1R, 2R, 5, C1, C3, C4, C5 (Aurora 1, 2)"
865:
344:. The satellite covered communications over the
1349:Seseña, Dr Julián; Tardón, Pedro Pintó (2006),
1971:
1492:
1233:"Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1A"
1166:Nuestro satélite, Hispasat 1A, cumple 29 AÑOS
456:
376:The body of the Hispasat 1A was based on the
1348:
1117:"Ariane Flight: HISPASAT 1A & SATCOM C3"
159:1.7 x 1.9 x 2.1 m (22.02 m solar array span)
1441:
1069:"Spain and Satellite Communication Systems"
802:
1978:
1964:
1883:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
1506:
1499:
1485:
955:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
730:Journal of Applied Research and Technology
474:divided between the upper, containing the
58:
1355:57th International Astronautical Congress
1187:"The situation in the geostationary ring"
866:Gaullier, F.; Limouzin, G. (1994-01-01).
1831:Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex
872:Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas
843:"TSE - Hispasat 1A, 1B's specifications"
465:
367:
1414:
803:Brunel, O.; Krebs, J. P. (1993-01-01).
644:
507:For the civilian market, it had twelve
434:Additionally, the satellite carried 12
427:and was capable of developing 490 N of
2824:
756:"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details"
1959:
1480:
670:
527:when building Hispasat 1B's antenna.
415:(originally developed for use in the
1862:PLD Space Propulsion Test Facilities
1043:"Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat"
699:"Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat"
431:in vacuum. It weighed 3.76 kg.
13:
868:"The EUROSTAR operational concept"
547:along with the American satellite
518:
498:effective isotropic radiated power
356:operating over the New World. Its
14:
2848:
2837:Satellites in geostationary orbit
1465:
809:NASA STI/Recon Technical Report A
423:). This unit was manufactured by
340:operated by the Spanish company
16:Spanish communications satellite
1442:Meso Ayerdi, Koldobika (2002).
1435:
1408:
1384:
1342:
1318:
1294:
1273:
1249:
1225:
1178:
1157:
1133:
1109:
1085:
1061:
1035:
1011:
987:
963:
937:. Vol. 1. Warrendale, PA.
922:
898:
724:Sacristán - Romero, F. (2007).
600:
500:of 58 dB. In addition its
859:
835:
796:
772:
748:
717:
691:
671:Agudo, Luis Sepúlveda (2003).
664:
638:
70:
1:
632:
406:
352:it formed the first European
1888:Spanish Astrobiology Center
1417:"Hispasat, un reto cumplido"
7:
971:"Hispasat 1A / 1992 - 060A"
906:"Hispasat 1A / 1992 - 060A"
620:
492:amplified (compatible with
10:
2853:
1191:Advances in Space Research
935:SAE Technical Paper Series
677:Antena de telecomunicación
673:"Hispasat en el siglo XXI"
457:Electrical Power Subsystem
2807:
2723:
2667:
2563:
2516:
2442:
2312:
2241:
2208:
2143:
2103:
2056:
2010:
1937:
1897:Commercial space industry
1896:
1878:Agencia Espacial Española
1870:
1854:
1808:Tracking and launch sites
1807:
1772:
1731:
1724:
1659:
1623:
1521:
1514:
1415:Barrasa, Gabriel (1992).
1211:10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.022
574:of 1,449.9 minutes and a
530:
326:
322:
317:
312:
308:
304:
294:
284:
274:
264:
254:
249:
245:
241:
233:
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220:
210:
200:
192:
184:
179:
175:
171:
163:
155:
147:
139:
129:
121:
111:
101:
96:
92:
88:
80:
67:
46:
36:
28:
24:
1660:Science & technology
1472:Hispasat (official site)
1363:10.2514/6.iac-06-e4.4.08
1023:rammb.cira.colostate.edu
975:www.space-propulsion.com
910:www.space-propulsion.com
562:and 36,070.7 km of
394:Airbus Defence and Space
338:communications satellite
32:Communications satellite
363:
1508:Space program of Spain
1073:www.globalsecurity.org
645:RTVE.es (2018-06-26).
479:circularly polarized L
411:Its main engine was a
373:
372:An Ariane 44LP rocket.
1330:www.heavens-above.com
1326:"Hispasat 1A - Orbit"
999:www.tbs-satellite.com
847:www.tbs-satellite.com
582:of 0.013º W per day.
466:Communications module
421:Marquardt Corporation
371:
97:Spacecraft properties
1994:Orbital launches in
2832:Satellites of Spain
1846:Villafranca Station
1421:Política científica
1261:www.astronautix.com
1203:2005AdSpR..35.1318J
1145:Gunter's Space Page
995:"TSE - Hispasat 1A"
884:1994RBrCM..16..405G
821:1993STIA...9585791B
784:Gunter's Space Page
760:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
556:geostationary (GEO)
545:Guiana Space Center
390:Matra Marconi Space
205:Guiana Space Centre
116:Matra Marconi Space
21:
1836:Maspalomas Station
1396:www.revistacaos.es
1290:. 2016. p. 1.
488:of 110 W each and
425:Aerojet Rocketdyne
378:Eurostar E2000 bus
374:
266:Periapsis altitude
250:Orbital parameters
188:September 10, 1992
19:
2819:
2818:
1953:
1952:
1803:
1802:
1720:
1719:
1624:Earth observation
1372:978-1-62410-042-0
780:"Hispasat 1A, 1B"
386:British Aerospace
330:
329:
276:Apoapsis altitude
2844:
2584:DFS-Kopernikus 3
1999:
1998:
1997:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1909:Pangea Aerospace
1855:Other facilities
1841:Cebreros Station
1729:
1728:
1519:
1518:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1460:
1459:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1306:www.satflare.com
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1197:(7): 1318–1327.
1193:. Space Debris.
1182:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1113:
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1080:
1079:
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721:
715:
714:
712:
711:
695:
689:
688:
668:
662:
661:
659:
658:
642:
566:) with 13.2º of
180:Start of mission
81:Mission duration
72:
63:
62:
56:
22:
18:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2736:Molniya-3 No.56
2719:
2710:Gorizont No.38L
2663:
2588:Molniya-3 No.50
2559:
2512:
2488:Resurs-F1 No.54
2438:
2379:Gorizont No.37L
2308:
2292:Resurs-F1 No.55
2237:
2204:
2156:Gorizont No.36L
2139:
2099:
2052:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1954:
1949:
1933:
1914:Zero 2 Infinity
1892:
1866:
1850:
1799:
1768:
1716:
1655:
1619:
1510:
1505:
1468:
1463:
1440:
1436:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1377:
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1373:
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1324:
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1310:
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1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1101:
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1036:
1027:
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1016:
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988:
979:
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969:
968:
964:
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947:
927:
923:
914:
912:
904:
903:
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849:
841:
840:
836:
801:
797:
788:
786:
778:
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773:
764:
762:
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749:
722:
718:
709:
707:
697:
696:
692:
669:
665:
656:
654:
643:
639:
635:
623:
603:
595:graveyard orbit
587:Arganda del Rey
576:semi-major axis
533:
521:
519:Antenna Failure
468:
459:
447:
443:
409:
366:
360:ended in 2003.
300:1,449.9 minutes
256:Semi-major axis
237:graveyard orbit
57:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2817:
2816:
2812:Crewed flights
2808:
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2801:
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2659:Ekran-M No.15L
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2460:TOPEX/Poseidon
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2206:
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2202:
2197:
2195:Resurs-F2 No.8
2192:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2163:
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2141:
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2100:
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2053:
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2050:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1950:
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1941:
1939:
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1932:
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1820:Gando Air Base
1817:
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1617:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:4B (cancelled)
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1522:Communications
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1466:External links
1464:
1462:
1461:
1434:
1407:
1383:
1371:
1341:
1317:
1293:
1272:
1248:
1224:
1177:
1156:
1132:
1108:
1084:
1060:
1034:
1010:
986:
962:
943:10.4271/911413
921:
897:
858:
834:
795:
771:
747:
716:
690:
679:(151): 17–23.
663:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
622:
619:
618:
617:
613:
610:
602:
599:
591:Rio de Janeiro
554:Its orbit was
532:
529:
520:
517:
467:
464:
458:
455:
445:
441:
417:Apollo program
408:
405:
365:
362:
346:Atlantic Ocean
336:was the first
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
229:End of mission
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
107:Eurostar E2000
105:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
65:
64:
50:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2849:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:Progress M-15
2637:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2555:Mars Observer
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:Pion-Germes 2
2493:
2492:Pion-Germes 1
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Progress M-14
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Eutelsat-2 F4
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2304:Progress M-13
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Progress M-12
2183:
2181:
2180:Inmarsat-2 F4
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Progress M-11
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:El Arenosillo
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1423:(34): 55–57.
1422:
1418:
1411:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1000:
996:
990:
976:
972:
966:
958:
952:
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
911:
907:
901:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
848:
844:
838:
830:
826:
822:
818:
815:: 1069–1083.
814:
810:
806:
799:
785:
781:
775:
761:
757:
751:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
720:
706:
705:
700:
694:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
652:
648:
641:
637:
628:
625:
624:
614:
611:
608:
607:
606:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
580:orbital decay
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
516:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
477:
473:
463:
454:
452:
448:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
404:
401:
399:
395:
392:(now part of
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
361:
359:
355:
354:constellation
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
325:
321:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
73:
66:
61:
55:
51:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
2811:
2750:
2740:
2731:Superbird A1
2622:
2542:
2533:
2500:
2450:Molniya 1-84
2422:
2397:
2296:
2215:
2132:
2125:
2111:Molniya 1-83
2091:Superbird B1
2063:
2022:
1871:Institutions
1582:
1447:
1437:
1420:
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:
1386:
1376:, retrieved
1354:
1344:
1333:. Retrieved
1329:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1288:Indra prensa
1287:
1275:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1170:, retrieved
1165:
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1046:
1037:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
978:. Retrieved
974:
965:
934:
924:
913:. Retrieved
909:
900:
875:
871:
861:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
812:
808:
798:
787:. Retrieved
783:
774:
763:. Retrieved
759:
750:
736:(1): 58–60.
733:
729:
719:
708:. Retrieved
702:
693:
676:
666:
655:. Retrieved
653:(in Spanish)
650:
640:
604:
601:Service life
584:
553:
539:on board an
534:
525:Aérospatiale
522:
506:
483:
472:transponders
469:
460:
436:bypropellant
433:
410:
402:
400:of 7.143 m.
396:). It had a
382:solar panels
375:
358:service life
333:
331:
148:Payload mass
112:Manufacturer
29:Mission type
2799:Kosmos 2229
2794:Kosmos 2228
2789:Kosmos 2227
2784:Kosmos 2225
2779:Kosmos 2226
2764:Kosmos 2224
2759:Kosmos 2223
2705:Kosmos 2222
2700:Kosmos 2221
2685:Kosmos 2220
2680:Kosmos 2219
2654:Kosmos 2218
2618:Kosmos 2217
2613:Kosmos 2216
2609:Kosmos 2215
2605:Kosmos 2214
2601:Kosmos 2213
2597:Kosmos 2212
2593:Kosmos 2211
2580:Foton No.8L
2550:Kosmos 2210
2534:Hispasat 1A
2529:Kosmos 2209
2473:Kosmos 2208
2418:Kosmos 2207
2413:Kosmos 2206
2409:Kosmos 2205
2405:Kosmos 2204
2399:Soyuz TM-15
2393:Kosmos 2203
2374:Kosmos 2202
2370:Kosmos 2201
2366:Kosmos 2200
2362:Kosmos 2199
2358:Kosmos 2198
2354:Kosmos 2197
2340:Kosmos 2196
2320:Kosmos 2195
2277:Kosmos 2194
2273:Kosmos 2193
2269:Kosmos 2192
2265:Kosmos 2191
2261:Kosmos 2190
2257:Kosmos 2189
2253:Kosmos 2188
2249:Kosmos 2187
2233:Kosmos 2186
2200:Kosmos 2185
2171:Kosmos 2184
2161:Kosmos 2183
2151:Kosmos 2182
2127:Soyuz TM-14
2116:Kosmos 2181
2081:Kosmos 2180
2048:Kosmos 2179
2044:Kosmos 2178
2040:Kosmos 2177
2030:Kosmos 2176
2018:Kosmos 2175
1945:Pedro Duque
1780:Capricornio
1540:Spainsat NG
1531:/ XTAR-LANT
1121:Arianespace
1097:Arianespace
878:: 405–411.
627:Hispasat 1B
568:inclination
541:Ariane-44LP
537:Arianespace
513:TV coverage
350:Hispasat 1B
334:Hispasat 1A
286:Inclination
280:36,070.7 km
270:36,055.2 km
215:Arianespace
201:Launch site
196:Ariane 44LP
185:Launch date
122:Launch mass
20:Hispasat 1A
2826:Categories
2675:Resurs 500
2287:Intelsat K
2176:Telecom 2B
2095:Arabsat 1C
1938:Astronauts
1919:Alén Space
1827:(proposed)
1732:Suborbital
1672:Minisat 01
1515:Satellites
1401:2022-08-22
1378:2022-08-22
1335:2022-08-22
1311:2022-08-17
1266:2022-08-17
1257:"Hispasat"
1242:2022-08-17
1172:2022-08-17
1150:2022-08-18
1126:2022-08-17
1102:2022-08-17
1078:2022-08-22
1054:2022-08-17
1028:2021-10-26
1004:2022-08-17
980:2022-08-17
915:2022-08-18
852:2022-08-19
789:2022-08-17
765:2022-08-18
710:2021-10-26
657:2022-08-22
633:References
407:Propulsion
211:Contractor
156:Dimensions
2538:Satcom C3
2517:September
2508:Satcom C4
2502:Galaxy 1R
2464:Uribyol 1
2223:Palapa B4
1904:PLD Space
1825:El Hierro
1544:Amazonas
1456:1137-1102
1429:1133-0554
1219:0273-1177
1048:Angelfire
951:cite book
892:0100-7386
829:0065-3438
742:1665-6423
704:Angelfire
685:2481-6345
616:(Mexico).
549:SATCOM C3
543:from the
476:high gain
260:42,433 km
54:1992-060A
48:COSPAR ID
2774:Optus B2
2724:December
2668:November
2649:Galaxy 7
2643:Znamya-2
2629:LAGEOS-2
2478:Optus B1
2345:INSAT-2A
2121:Galaxy 5
2057:February
1929:Hisdesat
1924:Hispasat
1785:Bloostar
1707:Xatcobeo
1691:UPM-Sat
1676:Nanosat
1578:Hispasat
1535:XTAR-EUR
1529:Spainsat
621:See also
342:Hispasat
234:Disposal
143:1,100 kg
140:Dry mass
135:1,325 kg
131:BOL mass
125:2,194 kg
84:10 years
41:Hispasat
37:Operator
2752:ODERACS
2564:October
2384:Geotail
2228:SROSS-C
2065:Unnamed
2011:January
1790:Miura 5
1773:Orbital
1764:Miura 1
1725:Rockets
1667:Intasat
1651:Ingenio
1630:Deimos
1199:Bibcode
880:Bibcode
817:Bibcode
651:RTVE.es
560:perigee
509:Ku-band
413:R-4D-11
313:Payload
167:3,790 W
69:SATCAT
2769:USA-87
2747:USA-89
2742:STS-53
2715:USA-86
2695:USA-85
2690:MSTI-1
2624:STS-52
2571:FSW-14
2544:STS-47
2524:USA-84
2455:FSW-13
2443:August
2429:EURECA
2424:STS-46
2335:USA-83
2330:SAMPEX
2325:USA-82
2298:STS-50
2217:STS-49
2190:USA-81
2166:USA-80
2134:STS-45
2086:USA-79
2076:Fuyo 1
2071:USA-78
2024:STS-42
2003:1993 →
1988:← 1991
1615:Lume-1
1454:
1427:
1369:
1217:
890:
827:
740:
683:
572:period
564:apogee
531:Launch
502:uplink
486:X-band
429:thrust
296:Period
290:13.2 °
193:Rocket
151:280 kg
2575:Freja
2468:S80/T
2433:TSS-1
2144:April
2104:March
1743:INTA
1712:OPTOS
1284:(PDF)
164:Power
76:22116
2388:DUVE
2313:July
2282:EUVE
2242:June
1996:1992
1795:Meso
1739:Argo
1452:ISSN
1425:ISSN
1367:ISBN
1215:ISSN
957:link
888:ISSN
825:ISSN
738:ISSN
681:ISSN
589:and
570:, a
494:NATO
490:TWTA
388:and
364:Body
332:The
2633:CTA
2209:May
1757:300
1752:255
1747:100
1646:Paz
1603:AG1
1448:Zer
1359:doi
1207:doi
939:doi
451:MMH
419:by
398:RCS
103:Bus
71:no.
2828::
2749:,
2631:,
2611:,
2607:,
2603:,
2599:,
2595:,
2573:,
2536:,
2494:,
2490:,
2466:,
2462:,
2431:,
2411:,
2407:,
2386:,
2372:,
2368:,
2364:,
2360:,
2356:,
2347:,
2275:,
2271:,
2267:,
2263:,
2259:,
2255:,
2251:,
2178:,
2093:,
2046:,
2042:,
1685:1B
1608:1F
1598:1D
1593:1C
1588:1B
1583:1A
1563:4A
1450:.
1446:.
1419:.
1394:.
1365:,
1353:,
1328:.
1304:.
1286:.
1259:.
1235:.
1213:.
1205:.
1195:35
1189:.
1143:.
1119:.
1095:.
1071:.
1045:.
1021:.
997:.
973:.
953:}}
949:{{
933:.
908:.
886:.
876:16
874:.
870:.
845:.
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