1034:
sanctions the flawed concept that all cultural materials under this heading emanate from a singular source: the
Peninsula.” The rise of “Hispanism” as a term, notes Joan Ramon Resina, “in Spain as in Latin America, was accomplished for the purpose of political administration and obedience to Castilian rule through methods of domination that eventually led to independence and the birth (rather than fragmentation) of a constellation of republics.” He goes on to say that “it is incumbent on us to face up to the possibility that Hispanism no longer has a future in the university.” While Nicolas Shumway believes Hispanism “is an outmoded idea based on an essentialist, ideologically driven, and Spain-centric, notions,” Carlos Alonso maintains the field of Hispanism “must be rethought and exploded.”
43:
3301:. Historically, many Americans have romanticized the Spanish legacy and given a privileged position to the Castilian language and culture, while simultaneously downplaying or rejecting the Latin American and Caribbean dialects and cultures of the Spanish-speaking areas of U.S. influence. There are now more than thirty-five million Spanish-speakers in the United States, making Spanish the second most spoken language in the country and Latinos the largest national minority. Spanish is used actively in some of the most populous states, including
1006:, the image of a Moorish and exotic medieval Spain, a picturesque country with a mixed cultural heritage, captured the imagination of many writers. This led many to become interested in Spanish literature, legends, and traditions. Travel books written at that time maintained and intensified that interest, and led to a more serious and scientific approach to the study of Spanish and Hispanic American culture. This field did not have a word coined to name it until the early 20th century, when it ended up being called Hispanism.
241:
131:
3894:, and in the following year a degree program in Hispanic Studies was instituted there. Today it is called the Institute of Iberian and Latin American Studies. Those who have taught in it include Urszula Aszyk-Bangs, M.-Pierrette Malcuzynski (1948–2004), Robert Mansberger Amorós, Víctor Manuel Ferreras, and Carlos Marrodán Casas. In Kraków the first National Symposium of Spanish Scholars was held in 1985. The historians
2440:
2538:
5259:. Spanish education in Korea has continued for the past fifty years, and there is currently a strong demand for it. Since 2001, Spanish has been an optional language in secondary education. The Asociación Coreana de Hispanistas was founded in 1981 and holds two annual congresses, one in June and another in December. It also publishes the journal
4687:(2004). Doctor W. J. van Baalen was an important popularizer of the history, customs, and wealth of Spanish America, producing ten books in those areas. Along with C. F. A. Van Dam, he founded the Nederlandsch Zuid-Amerikaansch Instituut in order to promote commercial and cultural contact between both worlds. The Groningen poet
3914:
in 1991 created a need for closer relations between Brazil and the
Hispanic world, as well as better knowledge of the Spanish language within Brazil. For this reason, Brazil has promoted the inclusion of Spanish as a required subject in the country's education system. A large core of Spanish scholars
831:
During the 16th century, Spain was a motor of innovation in Europe, given its links to new lands, subjects, literary sorts and personages, dances, and fashions. This hegemonic status, also advanced by commercial and economic interests, generated interest in learning the
Spanish language, as Spain was
4118:
Italian
Hispanism arose from three sources, already identifiable in the 19th century. The first of these was the Spanish hegemonic presence in the Italian peninsula, which sparked interest in the study of Spain and in the creation of works about Spain. Secondly, Italian Hispanism was encouraged by a
1097:
as the country's official language, alluding to the country's status as a former
Spanish Empire colony. The anti-Tagalog bias and the demand to credit cultural achievements in the Filipino culture to the Spanish colonizers have resulted in backlash and a negative reputation for online supporters of
994:
In the 19th century, coinciding with the loss of the
Spanish colonial empire and the birth of new Latin American republics, Europe and the United States showed a renewed interest in Hispanic history, literature and culture of the declining great power and its now independent former colonies. Inside
2576:
The early twentieth century marked the founding of two German institutions dedicated to
Hispanic Studies (including Catalan, Galician and the Portuguese), in Hamburg and Berlin respectively. The University of Hamburg's Iberoamerikanisches Forschungsinstitut (Ibero-American Research Institute) was,
2536:
and its supplements (1930–1945). It totaled 37 volumes, in which many of his students published their works. Krüger wrote mainly on
Hispanic dialectology, especially on that of western Spain (Extremadura and Leon) and the Pyrenees, and he traveled on foot to gather the materials for his monumental
1550:
and the religious and ideological dogmatism of the country. Many of them subsisted by translating or teaching their language to
English people, most of whom were interested in conducting business with Spanish America, although others wished to learn about Spanish medieval literature, much in vogue
1033:
Hispanism as an organizing rubric has been criticized by scholars in Spain and in Latin
America. The term "attempts to appropriate Latin-American topics and subordinate them to a Spanish centre,” observes Jeffrey Herlihy-Mera. “The nomenclatures have a radial implication which both initiates and
5208:
in its entirety—although still based on an English translation—were published in 1915 (by Hogetsu Shimamura and Noburu Katakami) and in 1927–28 (by Morita). In 1948, Hirosada Nagata published a nearly-complete direct (from the Spanish) Japanese translation. It fell to Nagata's student, Masatake
4191:. Eventually Spanish-American studies emerged as an area of independent of the literature of Spain. Between 1960 and 1970 the first professorships of Spanish-American language and literature were created, pioneered by Giovanni Meo Zilio, who occupied the first chair of that sort created at the
3965:
is one of the most important Hispanist journals in the country. Portuguese Hispanism appears somewhat limited, and to an extent there is a mutual distrust between the two cultures, motivated by a history of conflicts and rivalry. Nevertheless, Portuguese writers of the Renaissance—such as the
2591:
was founded in 1930. Today, the Berlin institute houses Europe's largest library dedicated to studies of Spain, Portugal, and Latin America, and to the languages of these countries (including Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, Basque, and the indigenous languages of the Americas). The
2682:) was established in 1977 and since then has held a congress biennially. Currently in Germany, Spanish often surpasses French in number of students. About forty university departments of Romance philology exist in Germany, and there are more than ten thousand students of Spanish.
4412:
has been translated into Hebrew twice, first by Natan Bistritzky and Nahman Bialik (Jerusalem, Sifriat Poalim, 1958), and later (Tel Aviv: Hakibutz Hameuchad, 1994) by Beatriz Skroisky-Landau and Luis Landau, the latter a professor in the Department of Hebrew Literature at
5149:
is involved in the teaching and standard use of Spanish in the Philippines. But there is no institution or association that brings together and defends the interests of Hispanicity. The most important Spanish scholars—aside from the national hero, poet and novelist
1143:
A New Comedy in English in Manner of an Interlude Right Elegant and Full of Craft of Rhetoric: Wherein is Shewed and Described as well the Beauty and Good Properties of Women, as Their Vices and Evil Conditions with a Moral Conclusion and Exhortation to
4137:
and Bernardino Sanvisenti, which were dedicated to the relationships between Spain and Italy, Italy and Germany, and Spain and Germany. Thirdly, the development of Italian Hispanism was supported by Romance philology, especially through the works of
4441:, consisting of over thirty professors, researchers and intellectuals linked to the languages, literatures, history and cultures of Spain, Portugal, Latin America and the Judeo-Spanish Sephardic world. Its first meeting was convened by professors
867:
For many years, especially between 1550 and 1670, European presses published a large number of Spanish grammars and dictionaries that linked Spanish to one or more other languages. Two of the oldest grammars were published anonymously in
3284:
Hispanism in the United States has a long tradition and is highly developed. To a certain extent this is a result of the United States's own history, which is tied closely to the Spanish empire and its former colonies, especially
2599:(1933–1945), German philology went through a difficult time. Some Romanists, through their work, praised and propagated the Nazi ideology. Meanwhile, others lost their professorships or underwent anti-Jewish persecution (such as
4043:
with the eminent Arabist Mariano Pizzi. Among other prominent Italian Hispanists were Leonardo Capitanacci, Ignazio Gajone, Placido Bordoni, Giacinto Ceruti, Francesco Pesaro, Giuseppe Olivieri, Giovanni Querini and Marco Zeno.
4018:
in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century the poet Giambattista Conti (1741–1820) was perhaps the foremost Spanish scholar, translator and anthologist of Europe. Dramatist, critic, and theater historiographer
4520:(1889–1973) promoted the renewal of relations with Spain, among other European countries of the Mediterranean, and led the creation of an edition of the great 12th-century Andalusian literary encyclopedia
1009:
Hispanism has traditionally been defined as the study of the Spanish and Spanish-American cultures, and particularly of their language by foreigners or people generally not educated in Spain. The
3027:
contributed to the knowledge of Spanish Literature in France (as she did also for German literature), which helped introduce Romanticism to the country. To this end she translated volume IV of
991:, for example, was translated into Latin and English). This is why it is not possible to exaggerate the great impact that the Spanish language had in the Europe of the 16th and 17th centuries.
3890:
taught Spanish and Spanish American literature in London, Ontario. In 1971 the first professorship of Hispanic Studies not subordinate to a department of Romance literature was created at the
2577:
from its founding in 1919 until the 1960s, almost the only German university institution dedicated to Spanish and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula. The Institute published the journal
6069:
4952:. Currently there is a strong and renewed interest in Hispanism among Norwegian youth, and the 21st century has seen the publication of at least three Spanish grammars for Norwegians—one by
3731:. The field of Spanish-American studies has undergone a great increase recently. A survey in 2003 revealed that there are at least four thousand students of Spanish in Russian universities.
3948:
Compared to Brazil, Portugal has shown less interest in Hispanism; it was not until 2005 that a national association for it was founded. Portuguese activities in this field are mostly of a
2993:
had done before him) with the Greek epic tradition, and these were reprinted in 1823 and 1836, providing much raw material to the French Romantic movement. The journalist and publisher
5125:
administration’s legacy in the Philippines, Mariana Islands, Guam and Palau, where Spanish has a history as a colonial language. In 1900, less than a million Filipinos spoke Spanish;
2704:
was the first scholar of Spanish and a reader of the theater of the Golden Age. Anton Rothbauer also distinguished himself, as a translator of modern lyric poetry and scholar of the
5650:
The Key of the Spanish Tongue, or a Plaine and Easie Introduction Whereby a Man May in Very Short Time Attaine to the Knowledge and Perfection of that Language by Lewis Owen. (1605)
3940:. At that meeting, the Associação Brasileira de Hispanistas was established. The organization's second congress took place in 2002, and since then it has been held every two years.
4691:(1896–1989) travelled twelve times to Spain between 1924 and 1936 and—although his father, an eminent philologist and polyglot, always refused to study Spanish because of the
5204:
into Japanese are at first incomplete and by way of an English version (e.g. one by Shujiro Watanabe in 1887, and others in 1893, 1901, 1902, and 1914). Japanese versions of
3934:, traces the history of Hispanic Studies in the country. In 2000 the first Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas took place, and its proceedings were published under the title
3819:, and Szymon Babiogórski visited Spain, among others. An anonymous traveler who arrived in Barcelona in August 1595 left an account of his impressions in a manuscript called
2547:
investigated the languages and the dialects of both sides of the Pyrenees and their elements in common, as well as pre-Roman substrate languages of the Iberian Peninsula and
2223:
3436:
2852:
2543:, in which he meticulously described the landscape, flora, fauna, material culture, popular traditions and dialects of the Central Pyrenees. The versatile Romance scholar
6119:
1119:
were writers stressing the value of Spanish language and cultural heritage as part of the construction of an identity for the new Hispanic American independent nations.
3803:
was active in Poland, promoting not only Spanish ideas of theology, but also Spanish theater, which they considered a teaching tool. In the 16th century, the travelers
3614:
2921:
5535:
5058:
3346:
3338:
1962:
1400:(1755). Smollet appears as an avid reader of Spanish narrative, and that influence is always present in his works. Meanwhile, the best work of the 17th-century writer
987:. This list is far from complete and the grammars and dictionaries in general had a great number of versions, adaptations, reprintings and even translations (Oudin's
3453:
1458:
5927:
5196:
mentored the first Japanese Hispanists, including Hirosada Nagata (1885–1973, now considered a "patriarch" of Hispanism in Japan) and Shizuo Kasai. Meanwhile, the
3473:(1832). McKean's social gatherings were also attended by the children of the Bostonian of Irish origin John Montgomery, who was the consul of the United States in
5377:
4639:(1955), continued in the same direction as te Winkel. Two Romanists who were of great importance to Dutch Hispanism were Salverda de Grave and Sneyders de Vogel.
2860:
1538:. Lord Holland visited Spain on numerous occasions and wrote his impressions about those trips. He also collected books and manuscripts and wrote a biography of
4531:
5200:
established Hispanic Studies in its curriculum in 1921, but most university Hispanic Studies departments were founded in the 1970s and '80s. Translations of
3092:(1845). These works are so full of color and the sense of the picturesque that they even served as inspirations to Spanish writers themselves (poets such as
1093:
movement of Spanish restoration for their radicalism. Claims and historical narratives in the social media have included proposing to “replace” the current
4534:
are Ahmad Mukhtar al-'Abbadi (who specialized in the history of Moorish Granada), Ahmad Haykal, Salah Fadl, As'ad Sharif 'Umar, and Nagwa Gamal Mehrez. The
4530:. Other important figures were 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Ahwani, 'Abd Allah 'Inan, Husayn Mu'nis, Salih al-Astar, Mahmud Mekki, and Hamid Abu Ahmad. Linked to the
6329:
3608:
is the best known. There are also libraries specialized in Hispanic matter, including ones at Tulane University, New Orleans. Important journals include
2246:
1337:
815:. The work carried out by Hispanists includes translations of literature and they may specialize in certain genres, authors or historical periods of the
3063:. In Paris, the publishing house Baudry published many works by Spanish Romantics and even maintained a collection of "best" Spanish authors, edited by
6169:
5078:
5001:
3533:
romances and composed the poems "The Spanish Revolution" (1808) and "Cervantes" (1878). He was linked in New York to Spaniards and, as director of the
2266:
725:
588:
5783:
4039:
traveled throughout Spain, leaving interesting descriptions of their experiences: Baretti was fluent in Spanish. The critic Guido Bellico was in the
6151:
2256:
72:
6073:
3416:
and his wife. Poe studied Spanish at the University of Virginia and some of his stories have Spanish settings. He also wrote scholarly articles on
2456:
1446:
1231:
5920:"Hispanismo, indigenismo y americanismo en la construcción de la unidad nacional y los discursos identitarios de Bolívar, Martí, Sarmiento y Rodó"
6199:
Quinziano, Franco (2003), "'Caro Soggiorno': Pietro Napoli Signorelli: Un hispanista en la España del XVIII", in González Martín, Vicente (ed.),
4627:(1908–1921), drew attention to the influence that Spanish literature exerted on Dutch literature in the 17th century. Other researchers, such as
2317:
2213:
4128:
3350:
2487:
2167:
3738:(mentor of a whole generation of Spanish scholars), Victor Andreyev, Vladimir Vasiliev, Natalia Miod, Svetlana Piskunova, and Vsevolod Bagno (
2592:
Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut in Berlin is engaged in research in the fields of literature, linguistics, ethnology, history, and art history.
2222:(the Old Spanish verb) (1897), as well as a work on Spanish syntax (1890) and several articles on Spanish pronouns between 1893 and 1895. And
3604:
In the United States there are important societies that are dedicated to the study, conservation and spread of Spanish culture, of which the
2373:
1502:
1888:
836:
Europe. In order to respond to that interest, some Spanish writers developed a new focus on the Spanish language as subject matter. In 1492
5235:
Japanese Hispanism was surveyed by Ryohei Uritani in the article "Historia del hispanismo en el Japón", which was published in the journal
5110:
4723:
Johan Brouwer, who wrote his thesis on Spanish mysticism, produced twenty-two books on Spanish subjects, as well as numerous translations.
4352:
At the time of its founding in 1948, the modern state of Israel already included a substantial Spanish-speaking community. Their language,
3775:, traveled to the Iberian Peninsula three times and remained there for nearly ten years, becoming friends with outstanding figures such as
2334:
2017:(1815–1894) made a trip to Spain in 1852 to study the remnants of the Moorish civilization and became a devoted scholar of things Spanish.
1227:
859:
4964:(2008). There is an Association of Norwegian Hispanism, a National Association of Professors of Spanish, and several journals, including
4577:
5146:
4375:
At present there are several Israeli media outlets in (standard Castilian) Spanish, some of which have a long history. The newsweekly
3816:
1647:
6229:
3571:, who wrote historical works on the conquest of America, are without doubt contributions of the first order. Ticknor was a friend of
1908:
4402:, and Haim Beinart. Other Israeli scholars have studied the literature and history of Spain, frequently influenced by the theses of
879:
5227:
3462:
3135:
2234:
1478:
4909:
3584:
6322:
680:
5188:
The first Japanese institution to offer Spanish language classes, in 1897, was the Language School of Tokyo, known today as the
4074:
3883:
in Polish. Other important translators include Kazimierz Zawanowski, Zofia Szleyen, Kalina Wojciechowska, and Zofia Chądzyńska.
3054:
2902:
2679:
1137:. It includes only the first four acts and is based on the Italian version of Alfonso de Ordóñez; it is often referred to as an
6116:
4550:
between Spain and the United Provinces in the late 16th century, Hispanism has deep roots in the Netherlands. The influence of
3958:
2972:
2618:
Laboriously reconstructed after World War II, the Hispanic philology of the German-speaking countries contributed the works of
2228:
1563:(text books) on different matters in Spanish, many of them written by Spanish émigrés, for the new Spanish-American republics.
718:
5209:
Takahashi (1908–1984), to complete that translation (published in 1977). Meanwhile, an entire, direct Japanese translation of
4084:
2836:
1013:
has promoted the study of Spanish and Hispanic culture around the world, similar to the way in which institutions such as the
4664:
4073:(1859–1928), a professor at the Universities of Messina and of Genoa, published some works of Lope de Vega and dedicated his
3898:
and Jan Kienewicz wrote on Spanish themes, as did the literary scholars Gabriela Makowiecka, Henryk Ziomek, Beata Baczynska,
3520:
3440:
3267:
2110:, through his translations and other works, spread the Spanish culture among his contemporaries; in addition, he created the
4279:
2892:
2619:
1437:
Among the British travellers in Spain in the 18th century who left written testimony of their travels are (chronologically)
5221:
3131:
3075:
2769:
1523:
4143:
3443:), as well as in 1829. He went on to become ambassador between 1842 and 1846. Irving studied in Spanish libraries and met
2755:
1234:, 1598; and others). Some of the translators of that time traveled or lived for some time in Spain, such as Lord Berners,
5197:
5189:
5126:
4512:(1869–1932) spent six years of exile in Andalusia. Perhaps the first "scientific" Arab Hispanist was the Lebanese writer
4339:
3127:
3111:
1717:
traveled to Spain in 1819 and published the observations of his trip. Other accounts of travel in Spain include those of
533:
283:
6209:
5904:
5074:
4360:
along a path of development that diverged from that of the Spanish of Spain and its empire, beginning in 1492, when the
4230:(AISPI) was created in May 1973 and has held numerous congresses almost annually since then. Italian Hispanists include
3590:
3509:(1830), which are story adaptations of Irving and published several essays on Spanish literature and a drama, including
3043:
195:
6315:
5822:
5086:
4622:
4458:
4414:
3537:, included many articles on Iberian subjects in the magazine. He was in Spain in 1847, and narrated his impressions in
3444:
3261:
3145:
2581:(1926–1944), devoted specifically to works on dialectology and popular culture, following, in general, patterns of the
2207:
311:
88:
5217:
5193:
4606:(1903) still serve as starting points for research today. In 1918 he tried in vain to spark the interest of the State
3510:
1635:
1555:, taught Spanish literature as a professor at the University of London in 1828 and published his notes. The publisher
167:
6842:
6219:
5857:
Shumway, Nicolas (1 January 2005). "Hispanism in an Imperfect Past and an Uncertain Future". In Moraña, Mabel (ed.).
5758:
5658:
5462:
4640:
4066:
3428:
2694:
2573:, began a new school of stylistics based on aesthetics, which focused on the means of expression of various authors.
1365:
1251:
999:, calls for cultural regeneration and a new conception of identity based in language and humanities began to emerge.
711:
214:
112:
5735:
4696:
4672:
3183:
5774:
Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey (2015). "After Hispanic Studies: On the Democratization of Spanish-Language Cultural Study".
4656:
4036:
2171:
2057:
1682:
1650:
when the latter was in Malta, and Hookham translated some medieval and classical poetry into English. The brothers
1308:
1299:
64:
5784:
https://www.academia.edu/24853793/After_Hispanic_Studies_On_the_Democratization_of_Spanish_Language_Cultural_Study
3839:
3502:
3468:
2951:
1542:. His home was open to all Spaniards, but especially to the liberal émigrés who arrived in the London district of
4709:
3902:, Piotr Sawicki, and Kazimierz Sabik. Grzegorz Bak studied the image of Spain in 19th-century Polish literature.
3478:
1994:
1147:
978:
292:
174:
5220:
was founded in Tokyo in 1955, consisting mostly of university professors. The association publishes the journal
3695:
3017:(1823), inspired by the time he spent with his brother at the Seminario de Nobles in Madrid during the reign of
2713:
873:
5866:
4446:
4123:
approach, and in fact the first Italian studies on literature in Spanish were of a comparative nature, such as
3707:
3487:'s translations of Spanish classics also form part of the history of North American Hispanism; he went through
3395:
2791:
French travelers to Spain in the 19th century who left written and artistic testimony include painters such as
2181:
1486:
807:
in 1908 referring to 'el hispanista italiano Farinelli', and was discussed at length for the U.S. by Hispanist
656:
394:
152:
4652:
3739:
3663:
period—is long and deep, and it even survived the rupture of relations between Russia and Spain caused by the
2005:
traveled through Spain taking notes and was interested especially in the Basque language, and the philosopher
1630:
and was friends with some of the emigrated Spaniards, some of whom wrote in both English and Spanish, such as
945:
6020:
5096:
4767:
4648:
4255:
3990:
The cultural relationship between Spain and Italy developed early in the Middle Ages, especially centered in
3979:
3880:
3772:
3589:(1876). In spite of significant difficulties with his vision, Prescott composed histories of the conquest of
2785:
2644:
2640:
2420:
1677:
into English, among others works. English novelists were strongly influenced by Cervantes. Especially so was
1462:
339:
5905:"Should We Replace Filipino with Spanish? Here's What 'Redditors' Think | la Jornada Filipina Magazine"
5256:
5046:
4945:
4831:
3952:
nature and focus on Luso-Spanish topics, partly because of academic and administrative reasons. The journal
3703:
2824:
2565:, include interpretations of Spanish literature and reflections on the Spanish culture. Vossler, along with
2159:
1998:
1978:
1916:
1710:
1627:
6761:
5720:
4668:
4470:
3842:, Jerzy Radziwiłł, and Stanisław Radziwiłł visited Spain, and all left written testimony of their travels.
2864:
2387:(historical linguistics, etymology, formation of the Romance languages, dialectology, linguistic typology);
1631:
1590:
was an enthusiastic reader of Cervantes and tried his hand at translation. He dedicated his narrative poem
1535:
1527:
181:
4684:
4680:
4010:
metrical style and themes to Spanish lyric poetry. This close relation extended throughout the periods of
3639:
3619:
2930:
2906:
1887:, and since then it has held congresses annually. The AHGBI played a decisive role in the creation of the
1673:
1552:
6817:
6135:
5426:
5371:
5366:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4724:
4058:
4020:
3999:
3728:
3694:, accumulated great libraries of books in Spanish and helped Spanish writers who visited Russia, such as
3605:
3385:
2663:
2607:, both of whom emigrated), by falling into disfavor with the regime or actively opposing it (for example
2367:
2260:
2185:
1967:
1349:
1239:
1165:
1151:
17:
4835:
3548:
2978:
2250:
2136:, and in other medieval folk poetry; he also studied Spanish authors who had resided in Vienna, such as
4822:
made a trip to Spain and kept a diary about his experiences. Other prominent Danish Hispanists include
4777:
4610:
in Hispanic Studies, but nevertheless donated his library of Hispanic Studies to it a few years later.
4555:
4271:
4040:
3935:
3862:
3572:
3484:
3083:
2014:
1809:
1512:
1262:
855:
148:
5174:, is the only newspaper in Spanish still published in the Philippines, although the quarterly journal
4740:
3975:
3916:
2467:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2137:
163:
6832:
6827:
6822:
5155:
5012:
4939:
4713:
4636:
4505:
4311:
4157:
3920:
3808:
3799:(1506–1571), known in Poland as Roizjusz, who mainly wrote in Latin and was adviser to the king. The
3257:
2283:
2276:
1450:
1057:
888:
351:
5382:
5171:
5163:
4883:
4570:(1820–1883) made important contributions to the study of the Moorish domination in Spain, including
2498:
2115:
6837:
6445:
6262:
5394:
5121:
Hispanism in Asia and the Pacific is mostly related to the literature and languages of the Spanish/
4809:
3928:
3179:
2926:
2430:
1884:
1785:
1740:
1690:
1639:
1184:
996:
812:
438:
5648:
4716:) and has since been an important center for Spanish scholars. The Mexican Training Center at the
4220:
4204:
4161:
3879:
were enthusiastic translators who taught in Poland at that time. Maria Strzałkowa wrote the first
3735:
3598:
3458:
3376:, imported numerous books and valuable manuscripts that became the Obadiah Rich Collection at the
3093:
2667:
2657:
2532:, aptly combining dialectology and ethnography. Between 1926 and 1944 Krüger directed the journal
2453:(stylistics, characterization of the Spanish language, studies of Spanish literature and culture);
2357:
2131:
939:
6695:
6620:
5420:
4819:
4717:
4676:
4644:
4618:
4607:
4323:
4291:
3804:
3792:
3377:
2990:
2934:
2891:, even before his repeated trips to Spain, had shaped his intuitive vision of the country in his
2840:
2307:
2001:, of Spanish classical theater generally, and of traditional popular literature. The philologist
1974:
1942:
Important to the promotion of Hispanism in Germany was a group of Romantic writers that included
1927:(1794–1876) can be considered the first German philologist to give prominence to Spanish, in his
1813:
1771:
1744:
1623:
1498:
1243:
661:
383:
356:
141:
68:
5252:
5016:
4754:
3998:
and Sicily, and intensified during the Spanish Pre-Renaissance and Renaissance through Castile.
3691:
3435:
in 1825 and was in Spain in 1826 (when he frequented the social gatherings of another American,
2118:, to reward the best works in Spanish poetry, fiction, and essays. The Austrian Romance scholar
1531:
955:
947:
6610:
6595:
6368:
5919:
5356:
4387:
4307:
4192:
4153:
4120:
4090:
3949:
3796:
3757:
3361:
3356:
The first academic professorships of Spanish at United States universities were established at
3238:
3234:
2901:(1828). Mérimée made many trips between 1830 and 1846, making numerous friends, among them the
2828:
2269:(Germanic influences on the languages of the Iberian Peninsula, toponymy, Basques, and Romans);
1752:
1651:
1547:
1454:
1112:
974:
3130:
traveled through Iberia in 1807 on his return trip from Jerusalem, and later took part in the
3060:
2529:
2091:
2049:
6280:
5555:
5344:
5028:
4705:
4516:(1869–1946), who wrote a book about his trips to Spain in three volumes. The Egyptian writer
3780:
3526:
3253:
2697:, which has branches in Frankfurt and Madrid and facilitates collaboration among Hispanists.
2481:
2242:
Authors who made more specialized contributions to Hispanic philology include the following:
1494:
694:
473:
3241:, and in Paris, with the Institut des Études Hispaniques, founded in 1912. Journals include
2471:
1018:
864:(Antwerp, 1558) that Castilian was spoken by Flemish, Italian, English, and French persons.
77:
6660:
5479:
5362:
5166:, Miguel Fernández Passion, Alfonso Felix, and Lourdes Castrillo de Brillantes. The weekly
4746:
4728:
4692:
4582:, which was published in its definitive form in 1881. A few years later, the Dutch scholar
4275:
4231:
4003:
3923:, Luis Sánchez y Fernández, and José Lodeiro. The year 1991 also marks the creation of the
3891:
3784:
3171:
3097:
2888:
2848:
2844:
2820:
2705:
2630:
2623:
2111:
2079:
2067:
2002:
1892:
1845:
1817:
1706:
1361:
540:
368:
306:
6238:
4727:, a professor at Groningen, studied Spanish Golden Age theater in the Netherlands and the
4287:
3899:
3872:
3461:, from where a mutual influence was born. His Romantic interest in Arab topics shaped his
3079:
3024:
2804:
2781:
2583:
2520:
2145:
875:Útil y breve institución para aprender los Principios y fundamentos de la lengua Hespañola
8:
6625:
6465:
6154:
5514:
5438:
5416:
5406:
5350:
5272:
5142:
5032:
5006:
4795:
4571:
4538:
was formed in 1968. The First Colloquium of Arab Hispanism took place in Madrid in 1975.
4454:
4450:
4395:
4303:
4283:
4259:
4239:
4196:
4188:
4165:
4134:
4024:
3971:
3768:
3699:
3668:
3568:
3233:
At present the most important centers for Hispanism in France are at the Universities of
3144:(1826), which exalted Hispano-Arabic chivalry. Another work that was widely read was the
3028:
2882:
2765:
2750:
2741:
2650:
2297:
2107:
2006:
1953:
1912:
1873:
1805:
1789:
1748:
1564:
1556:
1543:
1423:
1270:
1235:
1206:
1189:
1010:
970:
793:
753:
699:
545:
498:
453:
378:
329:
278:
53:
5082:
4889:
4597:
4216:
4100:
4094:
3745:
3594:
3562:
3538:
3492:
3389:
2947:
2792:
2217:
2195:
2025:
2010:
1920:
1364:. In addition, the works of some great Golden Age poets were translated into English by
1158:. The English knew the masterpieces of Castilian literature, from early translations of
6796:
6600:
6580:
6520:
6480:
6425:
6415:
5795:
5674:
5530:
5450:
5410:
5134:
4949:
4927:
4893:
4879:
4865:
4857:
4814:
4559:
4551:
4482:
4327:
4295:
4104:
4070:
4028:
3858:
3776:
3764:
3676:
3516:
3417:
3384:, published translations. Many travelers published their impressions on Spain, such as
3071:
2877:
of Spain", and he knew the language well. In his works there are numerous allusions to
2873:
was in Spain accompanying his father in 1811 and 1813. He was proud to call himself a "
2773:
2729:
2636:
2608:
2566:
2444:
2303:
2177:
2123:
2083:
2059:
Diccionario etimolójico de las voces chilenas derivadas de lenguas indíjenas americanas
2045:
1853:
1841:
1731:
1655:
1643:
1519:
1474:
1438:
1406:
1381:
1331:
1258:
1197:
1175:
1069:
1061:
916:
837:
570:
555:
528:
518:
513:
508:
503:
478:
468:
403:
363:
188:
57:
5680:
Institutiones in Linguam Hispanicam, admodum faciles, quales antehac numquam visae ...
5129:
today vary widely, ranging from 2,660 to 400,000. Spanish remains perceivable in some
4591:
4299:
4172:
3760:. According to one estimate, more than 100 Poles made the pilgrimage during that era.
3744:). Recently, a Russian Hernandian Circle was founded, devoted to studying the work of
3727:
The Russian Association of Hispanists, founded in 1994, is currently supported by the
2856:
2507:
2436:
2363:
2029:
1985:, 1803–1809) and Spanish classical poetry into German. The philologist and folklorist
1779:
1667:
1160:
6786:
6715:
6615:
6540:
6500:
6400:
6256:
6215:
5862:
5818:
5799:
5791:
5754:
5654:
5628:
5571:
5491:
5062:
4988:, at the beginning of the 20th century there was an important group of Hispanists in
4628:
4587:
4583:
4399:
4331:
4315:
4263:
4251:
4243:
4062:
3887:
3854:
3667:. This history started in the 18th century, and in the 19th century the influence of
3664:
3544:
3424:
3401:
3215:
2701:
2544:
2475:
2461:
2119:
2021:
1765:
1695:
1466:
1094:
962:
951:
896:
832:
the dominant political power and was the first to develop an overseas empire in post-
816:
804:
789:
565:
463:
448:
433:
413:
271:
266:
248:
92:
5275:
lists over 60 associations of Hispanists around the world, including the following:
4403:
4372:
and North Africa. There are some 100,000 speakers of Judeo-Spanish in Israel today.
3953:
3791:. Several professors from Spain worked in the Academy of Kraków (today known as the
3557:. But the most important group of Spanish scholars was one from Boston. The work of
2764:(also from 1597) that served as a model to those that were later written in French.
2761:
2239:(Bonn 1887), the first work on the influences of the Germanic languages on Spanish.
1254:(Lord Burghley; 1520–1598) owned the largest Spanish library in the United Kingdom.
1170:
845:
6776:
6756:
6725:
6665:
6630:
6605:
6570:
6535:
6525:
6505:
6475:
6435:
6395:
6363:
6339:
5962:
5936:
5787:
5432:
5400:
5388:
5130:
4901:
4753:
in 1994, and Hispanism continues to be promoted by Dutch writers such as Rik Zaal (
4688:
4614:
4335:
4208:
4184:
4139:
4093:, a professor of Spanish language and literature at the University of Milan, wrote
4054:
4032:
3835:
3812:
3800:
3672:
3409:
3273:
3249:
3151:
3124:, changing the ending after having seen Zorrilla's version in the edition of 1864.
3106:
3064:
3018:
2832:
2740:. Spanish influence was also brought to France by Spanish Protestants who fled the
2733:
2709:
2548:
2515:
2511:
2326:
2322:
2289:
2280:
2272:
2155:
2141:
2037:
1911:, Hispanism bloomed in Germany around the enthusiasm that German Romantics had for
1904:
1857:
1797:
1401:
1397:
1318:
1290:
1211:
1201:
1077:
1053:
1022:
935:
927:
920:
908:
892:
820:
808:
769:
761:
757:
560:
523:
483:
428:
423:
418:
346:
232:
81:
6186:
5695:
4212:
3756:
Records of visits to Spain by Poles begin in the Middle Ages, with pilgrimages to
3204:
3196:
2041:
1285:, possibly written in collaboration with Shakespeare, who is thought to have read
854:(1533) for his Italian friends, who were eager to learn Castilian. And the lawyer
6675:
6670:
6655:
6645:
6635:
6565:
6555:
6490:
6450:
6390:
6353:
6123:
5838:
Resina, Joan Ramón. "Post-Hispanism, or the Long Goodbye of National Philology".
5678:
5632:
5609:
5456:
5159:
4897:
4805:
4660:
4498:
4422:
4365:
4267:
4176:
4124:
4108:
3995:
3962:
3850:
3846:
3719:
3715:
3405:
3369:
3101:
3033:
Geschichte der Poesie und Beredsamkeit seit dem Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts
2816:
2800:
2745:
2525:
2492:
2414:
2410:
2199:
2053:
2033:
1958:
Geschichte der Poesie und Beredsamkeit seit dem Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts
1829:
1759:
1678:
1490:
1470:
1431:
1393:
1377:
1286:
1116:
1065:
1014:
887:
Among the more outstanding foreign authors of Spanish grammars were the Italians
849:
550:
493:
488:
443:
320:
5941:
4761:
4180:
3219:
1736:
1410:(1752), which was inspired by Cervantes. Cervantes also was the inspiration for
1068:
for the past years. In particular, it has surfaced in social media as a bias on
6766:
6730:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6650:
6640:
6585:
6575:
6515:
6440:
6430:
6420:
6378:
5751:
The Rise of Spanish-Language Filmmaking: Out from Hollywood's Shadow, 1929-1939
5485:
5473:
5467:
5338:
4905:
4875:
4823:
4736:
4632:
4494:
4486:
4369:
4247:
3876:
3831:
3558:
3498:
3227:
2796:
2685:
Today in Germany there are publishers specialized in Hispanic Studies, such as
2396:
2382:
2378:
2163:
2066:(1891), as well as other works on grammar and the Spanish of the Americas; and
1924:
1869:
1865:
1849:
1662:
1518:
Other English travel writers who straddled the 18th and 19th centuries include
1508:
1482:
1427:
1415:
1389:
1322:
931:
636:
408:
4508:(c. 1591 – 1632) wrote about the Muslim dynasties in Spain. The Egyptian poet
4438:
4368:
from Spain. Between the 16th and 20th centuries many of them lived in the old
3042:
Spanish literature was also promoted to readers of French by the Swiss author
2633:
produced a Spanish-German dictionary and an anthology of Spanish lyric poetry.
1155:
966:
6811:
6791:
6720:
6560:
6455:
6405:
6373:
5591:
5524:
5497:
5326:
4853:
4773:
4732:
4567:
4513:
4426:
4361:
4353:
3895:
3680:
3413:
3341:
was founded in 1917 and holds a biennial congress outside the United States;
3334:
3318:
3223:
3211:
3200:
2919:
sketches that feature the description of a bullfight. Mérimée's short novels
2612:
2600:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
1825:
1800:, who documented the evolution of the paratheatrical forms in the Golden Age;
1726:
1580:
1179:
1073:
981:(1666, 1670) were especially relevant. Franciosini and Oudin also translated
941:
904:
773:
617:
458:
373:
334:
6307:
5634:
A Spanish Grammar...: Now Augmented and Increased... Done by John Minsheu...
5151:
4047:
In the 19th century, Italian Romanticism took great interest in the Spanish
3110:
in Madrid. Dumas wrote his somewhat negative views of his experience in his
3059:(1826–27), an anthology of post-15th-century Castilian poetry translated by
2484:(Spanish of the Americas, studies on Gypsy dialect and slang, dialectology);
1638:, and many of whom (including Juan Calderón, who held a chair of Spanish at
6751:
6746:
6590:
6510:
6385:
5444:
5332:
5213:
was also produced (the two parts in 1958 and 1962) by Yu Aida (1903–1971).
5050:
4997:
4566:
aroused Dutch curiosity about the exoticism of things Spanish. The Arabist
4547:
4509:
4235:
4200:
4149:
3866:
3684:
3660:
3373:
2914:
2737:
2717:
2596:
2558:
2450:
2151:
1943:
1861:
1833:
1821:
1747:, who was mentor to a whole British generation of Spanish scholars such as
1718:
1714:
1587:
1576:
1539:
1442:
1219:
1134:
1129:
900:
772:. It may also entail studying Spanish language and cultural history in the
579:
31:
4935:
4840:); and Valdemar Beadle (Middle Ages and the Spanish and Italian Baroque).
4663:. Since then many such dictionaries have been published, including one by
4449:), who was appointed the first president of the association; Raanán Rein (
4171:
The field of modern Hispanic Studies originated in 1945, with the trio of
2158:
on linguistic idealism and literary stylistics were widely read in Spain.
6410:
5092:
5037:
4993:
4800:
4563:
4517:
4478:
4408:
4357:
3967:
3505:. In order to fulfill his duties as a Spanish professor, he composed his
3330:
3322:
3294:
3290:
3167:
2998:
2870:
2808:
2604:
2570:
2426:
2311:
1986:
1948:
1837:
1701:
1595:
1568:
1294:
1275:
1266:
1247:
1133:, as an adaptation in verse published in London between 1525 and 1530 by
1043:
1003:
983:
912:
833:
301:
240:
4485:. Many Moors remained in Spain until their final expulsion in 1609. The
2744:, many of whom took up teaching of the Spanish language. These included
2611:, who fled from Germany, and Werner Krauss (not to be confused with the
1384:
and ornate engravings. Also in the 18th century two new translations of
641:
6495:
6485:
6358:
5320:
5175:
4779:
This is Majorca: The Balearic Islands : Minorca, Ibiza, Formentera
4613:
Serious studies of literature gained new impetus thanks to the work of
4527:
4522:
4474:
4434:
4379:, for example, was founded in the late 1960s, and today it also has an
3497:(1833–1834). A good connoisseur of the classics, Longfellow translated
3310:
3302:
1659:
1603:
961:
Others combined grammars and dictionaries. The works of the Englishman
803:
is a scholar specializing in Hispanicism. It was used in an article by
671:
6276:
Richard L. Kagan has edited a volume on Hispanism in the United States
4489:, at its height, included a number of Arabic-speaking enclaves in the
4383:. Israel has at least three radio stations that broadcast in Spanish.
3053:
Also important for French access to Spanish poetry was the two-volume
2777:
1368:, who died in Madrid. As early as 1738, a luxurious London edition of
6781:
6771:
6710:
6470:
5519:
5122:
5070:
4671:. Many Spanish grammars in Dutch also have been published, including
4442:
4049:
4011:
3002:
2994:
2982:
2967:
2757:
Parfaicte méthode pour entendre, écrire et parler la langue espagnole
2551:
2518:
of the 1980s, of the same name), which applied the principles of the
2331:(linguistic situation of the Iberian Peninsula, typology of Spanish);
2293:
2127:
1599:
1373:
666:
646:
27:
The study of the literature and culture of the Spanish-speaking world
5127:
estimates of the number of Filipinos whose first language is Spanish
4966:
La Corriente del Golfo (Revista Noruega de Estudios Latinoamericanos
4554:
literature can be seen in the work of the Dutch poet and playwright
4469:
Spain's links with the Arab world began in the Middle Ages with the
3795:), including the Sevillian Garsías Cuadras and the Aragonese jurist
1076:
as heroes and "civilizers", and the Philippine national heroes like
608:
603:
593:
130:
6680:
6550:
6530:
6460:
6094:
5066:
4989:
4760:, Gerrit Jan Zwier, Arjen Duinker, Jean Pierre Rawie, Els Pelgrom (
4319:
4112:
4007:
3911:
3838:
and wrote an account of his journey. In the years 1674–1675, Canon
3474:
3432:
3157:
3121:
2812:
2562:
2524:
movement, founded earlier by Swiss and German philologists such as
2300:, Spanish and Spanish-American literature, Latin American culture);
2203:
2190:(1880), as well as the outline of a historical grammar of Spanish,
1883:(AHGBI) was founded in 1955 by a group of university professors at
1281:
1081:
743:
651:
6302:
4380:
3491:
in 1829 expressing his impressions in his letters, a diary and in
3345:
is the association's official publication. (Since 1944, it is the
3140:(1849–1850). It may have been at that time that he began to write
2693:, which is devoted to the Golden Age, and Klaus Dieter Vervuert's
1303:. Fletcher also borrowed from other works by Cervantes, including
6231:
Un enlace de culturas: Relaciones de España con los países árabes
6214:, Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Zaragoza, Aragon y Rioja,
6043:
4985:
4490:
4079:(1927) to the bibliography of the Spanish theater; he also wrote
4015:
3530:
3357:
3306:
3175:
2874:
1192:, whose poetry influenced him greatly. John Bourchier translated
785:
776:
and in other presently or formerly Spanish-speaking countries in
626:
5296:
Women in Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin-American Studies (WiSPS)
5232:
is published by the Círculo de Lingüística Hispánica de Kansai.
5069:(1927), a biography of Cervantes (1944), a translation from the
4031:, who accused it of "bad taste", "corruption", and "barbarism".
4023:(1731–1815) defended Spanish literature against critics such as
2588:
1880:
1642:), spread knowledge of the Spanish language and its literature.
5721:"Nueuo dictionario, o thesoro de la lengua española y flamenca"
5596:
Spain in America: The Origins of Hispanism in the United States
5180:, edited by Edmundo Farolán, also exists, in print and online.
5154:(who wrote in Spanish)—are Antonio M. Molina (not the composer
5138:
4923:
4849:
4651:(1876–1958) in 1921. In 1906, for the first time since 1659, a
4421:(Beer Sheva: Ben-Gurion University Press, 2002). The historian
4391:
3991:
3656:
3576:
3488:
3448:
3286:
2986:
2878:
2760:(Paris: Lucas Breyel, 1597) was supplemented by the grammar of
2690:
2686:
869:
777:
631:
6297:
5293:
Association of Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland (AHGBI)
4160:(translator of Spanish modern poetry, especially the poems of
3783:
took 300 Spanish books to Poland, and these were added to the
3547:, translating into English her poem "The Lost Bird" and novel
2911:
Lettres addressées d'Espagne au directeur de la Revue de Paris
2675:
1526:, better known as Lord Holland (1773–1840), a great friend of
5578:(Buenos Aires), 24/02/1908. Reproduced in Miguel de Unamuno,
5248:
4996:(1878–1941; he adopted the surname Tuulio in 1933); his wife
4870:
4704:
In the Netherlands, the Institute of Hispanic Studies at the
3821:
Diariusz z peregrynacji włoskiej, hiszpańskiej, portugalskiej
3580:
3423:
The beginnings of Hispanism itself are found in the works of
3326:
3314:
844:, the first published grammar of a modern European language.
765:
598:
6298:
History of the Spanish Literature, Arts, Architecture, Music
3845:
Modern Polish Hispanic Studies begin with the Romantic poet
2728:
Hispanism in France dates back to the powerful influence of
2615:
of the same name), who lost his academic position in 1935).
2100:
Einführung in das Studium der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft
1317:
for his beautiful young saleswoman. Cervantes also inspired
1257:
Elizabethan theater also felt the powerful influence of the
6126:
at fundacionprincipedeasturias.org (accessed 25 April 2009)
6105:
5753:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. p. 86.
4643:(1863–1947) became a professor of Romance philology at the
3365:
3298:
2393:(toponymy and anthroponymy of the Ibero-Romance languages);
781:
5882:
Alonso, Carlos. "Spanish: The Foreign National Language".
5536:
American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese
5113:), which was founded in 1985 and meets every three years.
3347:
American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese
2020:
Hispanists of German, Austrian, and Swiss origins include
1546:
in the 19th century, fleeing the absolutist repression of
6188:
La imagen de España en la literatura polaca del siglo XIX
4535:
4199:(historian of Spanish-American literature, translator of
3454:
A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
3195:
Spanish classical painting exerted a strong influence on
2413:(Spanish etymologies, pre-Roman languages, dialectology,
1606:
also was greatly interested in Spain and was a reader of
75:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
6106:
Women in Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin-American Studies
5899:
5897:
5598:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2002.
5031:, who translated a great part of the early 17th-century
4168:
also made important contributions to Cervantes studies.
3825:
Diary of the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Pilgrimages
3272:(1979)—was written by Jacques de Bruyne, a professor at
2194:, in the encyclopedia of Romance philology published by
5562:, New Haven: Yale University Press 2012, p. 220 fn. 20.
4227:
2788:
borrowed plots and characters from Spanish literature.
1567:
set some of his works in Spain. And the protagonist of
1127:
The first Spanish book translated into English was the
995:
Spain, after the country lost definitely its empire in
950:(1661). The lexicographical contribution of the German
6095:
Association of Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland
5767:
3451:, using one of the latter's works as a source for his
1881:
Association of Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland
1755:. Other outstanding Hispanists include the following:
5894:
5773:
4776:, Maarten Steenmeijer, and Jean Arnoldus Schalekamp (
4579:
Recherches sur l'Histoire et littérature de l'Espagne
2236:
Zur Kritik der altgermanischen Elemente im Spanischen
1762:, Irish student of the epic poetry of the Golden Age;
1226:
had been translated fully (in London, J. Wolf, 1591;
4586:(1859–1930) held the chair of Spanish literature at
3525:(1845) he includes the works of many Spanish poets.
3408:, and other travelers like the Sephardic journalist
3266:(1995)—an English translation of the original Dutch
3070:
Images of Spain were offered by the travel books of
2286:
in Spanish, the pre-Roman substrate, Judeo-Spanish);
2162:
studies in Germany were advanced by the editions of
5623:
5621:
5109:
There is an Asian Association of Spanish Scholars (
4739:has written books about travel to Spain, including
4685:
Jos Hallebeek, Antoon van Bommel, and Kees van Esch
4130:
La Spagna nella vita italiana durante la Rinascenza
3353:brings together Spanish speakers in North America.
2086:dialectology, and the Spanish of the Americas. The
1997:, German consul in Spain, was a devoted student of
1898:
1348:into a foreign language was the English version by
1210:in 1586, which may have inspired the first English
155:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6194:, Madrid: doctoral thesis, Universidad Complutense
6157:Portal del hispanismo. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
5817:. Liverpool: University of Liverpool. p. 17.
5065:(1924), a comparison between Romanian and Spanish
4769:The Splendour of Spain from Cervantes to Velázquez
4624:De Ontwikkelingsgang der Nederlandsche Letterkunde
1933:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen
1681:, who created a quixotic pair in Mr. Pickwick and
1087:Issues and reactions had stirred on the so-called
246:
6809:
5963:http://asociacioninternacionaldehispanistas.org/
5618:
5607:
1434:also were familiar with the works of Cervantes.
958:(1642) were also important to French Hispanism.
5611:Il paragone della lingva toscana et castigliana
4885:Tratado de las enfermedades de las aves de caza
3779:and leaving letters of his travels. The bishop
3706:and wrote texts on Spanish Golden Age theater.
3457:(1828), and made friends and corresponded with
3210:Spanish music has influenced composers such as
3160:included a chapter "De l'Espagne" in his essay
3082:, who travelled in Spain in 1840 and published
2958:(1829) to him. (And Martínez de la Rosa's play
2712:and Alfred Wolfgang Wurzbach (for example with
1418:. Thwe first critical and annotated edition of
5736:"Gramatica, o instruccion española, y alemana"
4425:has written numerous works and has translated
3561:, a professor of Spanish at Harvard who wrote
3477:, and particularly by the Spanish-born writer
3351:North American Academy of the Spanish Language
2399:(historical linguistics, etymology, toponymy,
2130:, in the lyric poetry of the medieval Spanish
2072:Spanische Grammatik auf historischer Grundlage
989:Grammaire et observations de langue espagnolle
6337:
6323:
6207:
5673:
5627:
5279:Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval (
5266:
5145:has given Spanish classes for years, and the
3599:history of the reign of the Catholic Monarchs
3164:(1822). Later (1834) he visited the country.
3005:, translating and publishing a collection of
1725:(1845) was republished in many editions, and
1088:
1056:) are a term that has become associated with
1047:
719:
6203:, Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 551–574
5693:
5306:Asociación Canadiense de Hispanistas (ACH) (
5041:into Romanian and published—under the title
5015:; and Sinikka Kallio-Visapää (translator of
3104:, who attended the production of Zorrilla's
2720:) also contributed to Hispanism in Austria.
1960:and translator of the Cervantes short farce
1579:, much as was Don Quixote with his books of
1122:
56:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
6227:
6201:La filología italiana ante el nuevo milenio
6070:"Instituto Cervantes Portal del hispanismo"
5733:
5697:Lingue Hispanicae Compendiosa Institutio...
5582:, 4ª ed. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1964, p. 99.
5299:Asociación de Hispanismo Filosófico (AHF) (
5281:Hispanic Association of Medieval Literature
5027:In Romania, the initiator of Hispanism was
4958:Johan Falk, Luis Lerate, and Kerstin Sjölin
4830:, 1947); Johann Ludwig Heiberg (1791–1860,
4477:were present in Spain until 1492, when the
3734:Twentieth-century Spanish scholars include
3339:American Association of Teachers of Spanish
3279:
3207:have influenced modern painting generally.
3182:. Their impressions are captured in Sand's
3011:Romances historiques traduits de l'espagnol
3009:and a history of King Rodrigo in 1821, and
2076:Gramática histórica de la lengua castellana
1993:(Vienna, 1816) with a prologue in Spanish.
1658:were both scholars of Spanish culture. The
71:and maintains a consistent citation style.
6330:
6316:
5147:Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language
5088:Iscusitul hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha
4431:Las excelencias y calumnias de los hebreos
3994:through the relation that it had with the
3748:, who visited the USSR in September 1937.
3013:in 1822. He also composed a stage review,
2653:wrote several books on colloquial Spanish.
1372:in Spanish was published, prepared by the
926:Dictionaries were composed by the Italian
726:
712:
30:For advocacy of Hispanic nationalism, see
6198:
6165:
6163:
5940:
5286:Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas (
4471:Moorish conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
3849:. He was followed in the 19th century by
3830:In the 17th century, the Polish nobleman
3380:, and numerous magazines, especially the
2660:and the Spanish nineteenth-century media.
2052:. Among them are two emigrants to Chile,
1946:, an orientalist and poet who translated
1909:Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen
1735:, which was translated into Castilian by
1551:among the Romantics. One of the émigrés,
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
6110:
5748:
5255:in the 16th century, who was studied by
4914:(1960), taught and published in Sweden.
4562:in the 17th century. Nineteenth-century
4223:, as well as that of the 20th century).
4076:Saggi di bibliografia teatrale spagnuola
3925:Anuario Brasileño de Estudios Hispánicos
3881:outline of history of Spanish literature
3260:in relation to its Flemish counterpart.
3248:Prominent Hispanists in Belgium include
1935:(1854). His first Spanish-related work,
1891:(AIH), whose first congress was held at
1575:is deranged by her excessive reading of
1559:established a great business publishing
1504:Memoirs of an Eighteenth-Century Footman
954:(1599) and of the Franco-Spanish author
6018:
5856:
5288:International Association of Hispanists
5271:The Spanish-language portal run by the
5237:Español actual: Revista de español vivo
5104:
4834:studies); Kristoffer Nyrop (1858–1931,
3982:—wrote in both Spanish and Portuguese.
3583:in 1818, describing his impressions in
3515:(1842), where he imitates those of the
3001:, emphasized the literary value of the
1889:Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas
881:Gramática de la lengua vulgar de España
14:
6810:
6160:
5812:
5687:
5667:
5077:(1964), and an anthology in Romanian.
4695:—the poet dedicated his book of poems
4065:traveled throughout Spain and wrote a
3553:, both of which were published in the
3199:, and more recently, painters such as
2561:, founder of the linguistic school of
2360:, formation of the Romance languages);
2102:(1901) (translated into Spanish), and
1687:Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club
1352:(first part, 1612; second, 1620). And
1222:. By the end of the 16th century, the
6311:
5917:
5734:Braidenbach, Nicolas Mez von (1666).
5718:
5601:
5314:
5116:
5101:) have published books on Cervantes.
4948:scholar) were both professors at the
4934:into Norwegian in collaboration with
4904:researched Latin American novels and
4655:was published, followed in 1912 by a
3048:De la littérature du midi de l'Europe
2723:
2126:, was particularly interested in the
2104:Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
2056:(1863–1938), whose works include his
2009:was an avid reader and translator of
1977:(1767–1845), who translated works of
1305:Los trabajos de Persiles y Segismunda
1037:
764:-speaking world, principally that of
5646:
5053:, which had appeared in the journal
4798:had an impact in Denmark, where his
4735:refugee writers in the Netherlands.
4219:(student of the lyric poetry of Sor
3836:pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela
3627:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica
3464:Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada
3142:Les aventures du dernier Abencerraje
3037:Histoire de la littérature espagnole
2094:was a classic in Spain, as were his
153:adding citations to reliable sources
124:
36:
6184:
5301:Philosophical Hispanism Association
5198:Osaka University of Foreign Studies
5190:Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
5111:Asociación Asiática de Hispanistas
5075:book on Hispanic Studies in Romania
4536:Asociación de Hispanistas de Egipto
4437:was created on 21 June 2007 at the
4435:Asociación de Hispanistas de Israel
3930:Suplemento: El hispanismo en Brasil
3439:(1780–1841), the marquise widow of
3170:spent the winter of 1837–1838 with
3134:in 1823, which he describes in his
3096:and narrators such as those of the
2974:Bibliothèque universelle des romans
2944:(1845) are classic works on Spain.
2423:(historical phonetics, lexicology);
2088:Handbuch der romanischen Philologie
2078:, 1913), as well as other works on
1388:were published, one by the painter
1356:was imitated in the satirical poem
1289:. Fletcher's frequent collaborator
1111:In the late 19th century Uruguayan
1106:
1025:have done for their own countries.
63:Please consider converting them to
24:
6270:
5881:
5837:
5742:
5580:Mi religión y otros ensayos breves
5308:Canadian Association of Hispanists
5218:Asociación Japonesa de Hispanistas
4459:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
4415:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
4386:Modern Israeli Hispanists include
3763:In the 16th century, the humanist
2620:Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos
2096:Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen
1929:Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen
1422:was that of the English clergyman
1101:
25:
6854:
6291:
4665:C. F. A. van Dam and H. C. Barrau
4647:in 1907, and he was succeeded by
4341:Storia della letteratura spagnola
4228:Association of Italian Hispanists
3035:in 1812 and gave it the title of
2298:Spanish of the River Plate region
2202:, known for his study of Spanish
1594:(1811) to Spain and its history.
5792:10.1179/1477570015Z.000000000105
5247:The relations between Spain and
4908:. Mateo López Pastor, author of
4749:produced a Dutch translation of
4599:An Outline of the History of the
4573:Histoire des Musulmans d'Espagne
4096:Manuale di letteratura spagnuola
3767:(1485–1548), ambassador of King
3698:. The Russian realist dramatist
2962:was produced in Paris in 1831.)
2680:German Association of Hispanists
2277:dialectology and popular culture
1903:Aside from the imitation of the
1899:Germany, Austria and Switzerland
1723:Handbook for Travellers in Spain
1300:The Knight of the Burning Pestle
1098:these ideas in the Philippines.
1072:that regards the colonizers and
239:
129:
41:
6283:has discussed it in his volume
6228:Utray Sardá, Francisco (n.d.),
6178:
6145:
6129:
6099:
6088:
6062:
6053:
6036:
6027:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5956:
5911:
5875:
5850:
5831:
5806:
5727:
4868:(publisher of medieval Spanish
4852:, prominent Hispanists include
4439:Instituto Cervantes de Tel Aviv
4390:(the discoverer of the Spanish
4322:(who worked with the poetry of
4211:(Peruvianist and translator of
3910:The integration of Brazil into
3741:El Quijote vivido por los rusos
3659:—before, during, and after the
3263:A Comprehensive Spanish Grammar
2977:, which was published in 1774.
2823:; and other writers, including
2666:published a new translation of
2579:Volkstum und Kultur der Romanen
2443:(Arabic influences on Spanish,
2166:. Other important authors were
2074:(1910; revised ed. in Spanish,
1768:, a historian of Spanish music;
1709:left traces of his devotion to
140:needs additional citations for
6208:Serrano Vélez, Manuel (2005),
5712:
5640:
5585:
5565:
5549:
4785:
4641:Jean Jacques Salverda de Grave
4541:
4447:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
4081:Il Cid, studio storico-critico
3857:, and Julian Adolf Swiecicki.
3543:(1850–1857). In Madrid he met
3522:The Poets and Poetry of Europe
3317:, and in large cities such as
3128:François-René de Chateaubriand
3120:, Dumas revived the legend of
2732:literature on authors such as
2695:Iberoamericana Vervuert Verlag
2534:Volkstum und Kultur der Romane
2503:(manual of Old Spanish, 1907).
2150:(Leipzig, 1883). The works of
67:to ensure the article remains
13:
1:
5719:Porte, Arnaldo de La (1659).
5542:
5501:
5043:Studies on Spanish Literature
4464:
4041:Reales Estudios de San Isidro
3865:in Spain and Portugal during
3773:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
3690:Romantic travellers, such as
3564:History of Spanish Literature
3445:Martín Fernández de Navarrete
3154:, who visited Spain in 1823.
2971:is represented in the French
2952:Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
2799:; well-known authors such as
2786:Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian
2772:and had as one of his models
2589:Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut
2514:(not to be confused with the
2433:, and lexicology of Spanish);
2180:, who produced an edition of
2176:(Old Leonese) (Berlin 1867);
1743:, and the literary historian
1265:, a frequent collaborator of
5776:Comparative American Studies
5683:Imprimebat Petrus à Brachel.
5647:Owen, Lewis (13 July 2010).
5574:, 'Sobre Don Juan Tenorio',
5365:(1870–1955), founder of the
5194:Gonzalo Jiménez de la Espada
5061:(1889–1970) wrote a book on
4941:Sancho Panza, hombre de bien
4710:Cornelis Frans Adolf van Dam
4576:(1861) and the continuation
4532:Egyptian Institute of Madrid
4195:in 1968. He was followed by
3787:of Kraków under the name of
3710:visited Spain and published
3655:The history of Hispanism in
3479:George Washington Montgomery
3429:Leandro Fernández de Moratín
3185:Un hiver au midi de l'Europe
3132:French intervention in Spain
2989:in 1814, comparing them (as
2768:read the chroniclers of the
2676:Deutscher Hispanistenverband
2587:school. Meanwhile, Berlin's
1636:Telesforo de Trueba y Cossío
1528:Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
1185:Los siete libros de la Diana
1141:, and its original title is
1028:
979:Nicholas Mez von Braidenbach
7:
6303:Hispanic Society of America
6021:"Vecchie romanze spagnuole"
5942:10.12795/PH.2011.v25.i01.12
5861:. Vanderbilt. p. 297.
5813:Resina, Joan Ramón (2013).
5534:quarterly published by the
5508:
5427:Geoffrey Parker (historian)
5367:Hispanic Society of America
5045:(Jasi, 1868–1870)—works on
4938:. Leif Sletsjoe (author of
4882:; Bertil Maler (who edited
4621:who, with his seven-volume
4590:. Two of his publications,
4558:and in the translations of
4103:(1902) on the influence of
3943:
3729:Russian Academy of Sciences
3712:Apuntes de viaje por España
3708:Yevgeni Salias de Tournemir
3606:Hispanic Society of America
3386:Alexander Slidell Mackenzie
3368:(1826). The U.S. consul in
2500:Altspanisches Elementarbuch
2114:that bears his name in the
1956:, author of the unorthodox
1729:, author of the travelogue
1610:. He translated the ballad
1166:Garci Rodriguez de Montalvo
10:
6859:
6019:Berchet, Giovanni (1837).
5859:in Ideologies of Hispanism
5267:Associations of Hispanists
5057:(Literary Conversations).
5022:
4979:
4812:, who also translated his
4790:
4766:), Chris van der Heijden (
4649:Kornelis Sneyders de Vogel
4256:Juana Granados de Bagnasco
3840:Andrzej Chryzostom Załuski
3702:translated the theater of
3586:Life, letters and journals
3573:Pascual de Gayangos y Arce
3485:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
3437:Sarah Maria Theresa McKean
2853:Joseph Bonaventure Laurens
2825:Jean-François de Bourgoing
2015:Adolf Friedrich von Schack
1995:Juan Nicolás Böhl de Faber
1739:, the poet and translator
1713:in his work. The polyglot
1628:Pedro Calderón de la Barca
1380:, with an introduction by
1188:by the Hispano-Portuguese
997:the Spanish defeat in 1898
977:(1659, 1669) and Austrian
826:
741:(sometimes referred to as
29:
6739:
6346:
5608:Alessandri, G.M. (1560).
5011:(1904–1981), who studied
4922:Hispanism was founded in
4917:
4843:
4720:was established in 1993.
4506:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
4347:
3980:Francisco Manuel de Mello
3905:
3853:, Wojciech Dzieduszycki,
3751:
3650:
3640:Revista Hispánica Moderna
3116:(1847–1848). In his play
1952:into German (1799–1801);
1939:, was published in 1819.
1788:, student of the Spanish
1524:Henry Richard Vassall-Fox
1344:The first translation of
1310:The Custom of the Country
1216:The Unfortunate Traveller
1123:Great Britain and Ireland
934:(1590) and the Frenchmen
889:Giovanni Mario Alessandri
6843:Spanish-language culture
5918:Serna, Mercedes (2011).
5242:
5183:
5158:), José María Castañer,
5059:Alexandru Popescu-Telega
4944:) and Kurt E. Sparre (a
4911:Modern spansk litteratur
4810:Charlotte Dorothea Biehl
4725:Jonas Andries van Prague
4657:Dutch/Spanish dictionary
4653:Spanish/Dutch dictionary
4457:); and Tamar Alexander (
4145:Cervantes: Il Chisciotte
4133:(1907) and the works of
4021:Pietro Napoli Signorelli
3985:
3875:, Edward Porebowicz and
3280:United States and Canada
3180:Valldemossa Charterhouse
2979:Auguste Creuzé de Lesser
2954:and dedicated his novel
2748:, author of a sequel to
2664:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
2528:, Ruduolf Meringer, and
2263:, historical phonetics);
1991:Silva de romances viejos
1963:El juez de los divorcios
813:Johns Hopkins University
5749:Jarvinen, Lisa (2012).
5421:University of the South
5013:Arabisms in Old Spanish
4820:Hans Christian Andersen
4718:University of Groningen
4708:was founded in 1951 by
4681:Jonas Andries van Praag
4677:Gerardus Johannes Geers
4645:University of Groningen
4619:University of Amsterdam
4608:University of Groningen
4504:The Moroccan historian
4115:in Spanish literature.
4053:, with translations by
4002:engaged members of the
3976:Francisco Sá de Miranda
3917:University of São Paulo
3886:The poet and Hispanist
3793:Jagiellonian University
3714:(1874), shortly before
3378:New York Public Library
3188:(1842) and in Chopin's
3015:Les français en Espagne
2991:Johann Gottfried Herder
2865:Antoine Frédéric Ozanam
2645:German culture in Spain
2639:contributed studies on
2253:, phraseology, idioms);
2219:Das altspanische Verbum
2138:Cristóbal de Castillejo
2070:(1857–1919), author of
1975:August Wilhelm Schlegel
1810:William James Entwistle
1745:James Fitzmaurice-Kelly
1632:José María Blanco White
1536:José María Blanco White
1360:(1663–78), composed by
1297:in the more well-known
1150:(1585–1649) translated
969:(1597, 1607), Italians
930:(1602), the Englishman
247:
6185:Bak, Grzegorz (2002),
6170:in memoriam utexas.edu
6059:Serrano Vélez, p. 111.
5928:Philologia Hispalensis
5172:Guillermo Gómez Rivera
4712:(who was a student of
4419:Cervantes and the Jews
4312:Giovanni Maria Bertini
4193:University of Florence
4158:Giovanni Maria Bertini
3921:Fidelino de Figueiredo
3758:Santiago de Compostela
3721:La Rusia contemporánea
3615:Revista de las Españas
3540:Letters of a traveller
3400:). These were read by
3137:Mémoires d'Outre-tombe
3078:, as well as the poet
2922:Les âmes du purgatoire
2907:Antonio Alcalá Galiano
2899:La Famille de Carvajal
2894:Théatre de Clara Gazul
2837:Isidore Justin Séverin
2829:Jean Charles Davillier
2358:Aragonese dialectology
1760:Francis William Pierce
1674:Palmerín de Inglaterra
1652:Jeremiah Holmes Wiffen
1592:The Vision of Roderick
1553:Antonio Alcalá Galiano
1426:(1781). The novelists
1194:Libro de Marco Aurelio
1089:
1048:
919:(1614); and the Dutch
752:) is the study of the
672:Palenquero or Palenque
667:Chavacano or Chabacano
6285:History in the Making
6050:author, born in 1977.
5694:Mulerius, C. (1630).
5560:History in the Making
5229:Lingüística Hispánica
4706:University of Utrecht
4394:and a student of the
4221:Juana Inés de la Cruz
4205:Miguel Ángel Asturias
4099:(1907), as well as a
3789:Bibliotheca Volsciana
3527:William Cullen Bryant
3459:Cecilia Böhl de Faber
3382:North American Review
3147:Lettres d'un espagnol
3113:Impressions de voyage
2861:Pierre Louis de Crusy
2687:Edition Reichenberger
2668:Federico García Lorca
2658:Mariano José de Larra
2192:Die spanische Sprache
2116:Spanish Royal Academy
1937:Altspanische Romanzen
1786:Norman David Shergold
1774:, who translated the
1412:The Spiritual Quixote
1046:, the Hispanists (or
856:Cristóbal de Villalón
6279:Hispanist historian
6261:: CS1 maint: year (
6211:Locos por el Quijote
6142:Retrieved 2009-10-31
5700:B. & A. Elzevier
5363:Archer M. Huntington
5105:Asia and the Pacific
4962:Ana Beatriz Chiquito
4804:was translated into
4714:Ramón Menéndez Pidal
4292:Giuseppe Carlo Rossi
4175:(editor of works of
4069:of his impressions.
4004:Accademia Pontaniana
4000:Garcilaso de la Vega
3978:, and the historian
3961:10 June 2012 at the
3892:University of Warsaw
3861:wrote, in French, a
3785:Jagiellonian Library
2845:Alexandre de Laborde
2656:Torsten Rox studied
2624:Ernst Robert Curtius
2429:(etymology, syntax,
2405:language and culture
2209:Die cantes flamencos
2144:edited the medieval
2140:. The Swiss scholar
2003:Wilhelm von Humboldt
1999:Calderón de la Barca
1979:Calderón de la Barca
1931:(1836–1843) and his
1917:Calderón de la Barca
1814:Peter Edward Russell
1772:Edward Meryon Wilson
1711:Calderón de la Barca
1707:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1646:was a friend of the
1600:Spanish folk ballads
1534:, and benefactor of
1532:Manuel José Quintana
1335:) influencing their
1152:Garcilaso de la Vega
1146:. The Scottish poet
895:(1566); the English
861:Gramática castellana
851:Diálogo de la lengua
842:Gramática castellana
245:A manuscript of the
149:improve this article
6762:Culture by location
6155:Instituto Cervantes
5907:. 3 September 2020.
5515:Instituto Cervantes
5439:Edgar Allison Peers
5417:Eric Woodfin Naylor
5407:Erwin Kempton Mapes
5378:Juan López-Morillas
5273:Instituto Cervantes
5143:Instituto Cervantes
5055:Convorbiri literare
5033:Miguel de Cervantes
4960:(2008); and one by
4956:(2005); another by
4878:; Karl Michaëlson;
4828:Spansk-dansk Ordbog
4796:Miguel de Cervantes
4683:(1957) and one by
4659:, both composed by
4593:Pícaros y ganapanes
4455:University of Haifa
4451:Tel Aviv University
4396:Spanish Inquisition
4388:Samuel Miklos Stern
4356:, was derived from
4308:Margherita Morreale
4304:Pier Paolo Pasolini
4154:Salvatore Battaglia
4091:Bernardo Sanvisenti
4025:Girolamo Tiraboschi
4006:and introduced the
3972:Jorge de Montemayor
3863:book on his travels
3817:Stanisław Radziwiłł
3797:Pedro Ruiz de Moros
3769:Sigismund I the Old
3700:Alexander Ostrovsky
3675:novelists (such as
3669:Miguel de Cervantes
3569:William H. Prescott
3519:. In his anthology
3512:The Spanish Student
3269:Spaanse Spraakkunst
3258:Castilian mysticism
3243:Bulletin Hispanique
3178:, installed in the
3044:Simonde de Sismondi
3029:Friedrich Bouterwek
2883:Miguel de Cervantes
2766:Michel de Montaigne
2754:. N. Charpentier's
2751:Lazarillo de Tormes
2641:Spanish Romanticism
2530:Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke
2510:created the famous
2261:Germanic influences
2108:Johannes Fastenrath
2092:Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke
2064:Chilenische Studien
2050:Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke
2007:Arthur Schopenhauer
1954:Friedrich Bouterwek
1913:Miguel de Cervantes
1753:Alexander A. Parker
1749:Edgar Allison Peers
1573:Abbey of Northanger
1271:Miguel de Cervantes
1207:Lazarillo de Tormes
1190:Jorge de Montemayor
1084:as the "villains".
1011:Instituto Cervantes
1004:the Romantic period
975:Arnaldo de la Porte
971:Lorenzo Franciosini
915:(1644); the German
907:(1605); the French
794:Spanish East Indies
700:Instituto Cervantes
6818:Literary criticism
6797:Vernacular culture
6521:Germanic languages
6122:2008-08-29 at the
6033:Utray Sardá, p. 23
5815:Iberian Modalities
5556:J. H. Elliott
5451:John D. Rutherford
5411:University of Iowa
5315:Leading Hispanists
5117:Former East Indies
4950:University of Oslo
4815:Novelas ejemplares
4552:Spanish Golden Age
4483:Emirate of Granada
4473:. Arabic-speaking
4324:Juan Ramón Jiménez
4296:Giuseppe Ungaretti
4278:, Lorenzo Giussi,
4029:Saverio Bettinelli
3781:Piotr Dunin-Wolski
3736:Sergei Goncharenko
3517:Spanish Golden Age
3418:Spanish literature
3254:Lucien-Paul Thomas
3118:Don Juan de Marana
2774:Antonio de Guevara
2730:Spanish Golden Age
2724:France and Belgium
2482:Max Leopold Wagner
2472:Juan Donoso Cortés
2445:Mozarabic language
2417:, Basque studies);
2251:colloquial Spanish
2224:Moritz Goldschmidt
2173:Das Altleonesische
1983:Spanisches Theater
1732:The Bible in Spain
1656:Benjamin B. Wiffen
1644:John Hookham Frere
1548:King Ferdinand VII
1520:John Hookham Frere
1501:, John Macdonald (
1487:Richard Cumberland
1475:John Talbot Dillon
1439:John Durant Breval
1407:The Female Quixote
1392:(1742) and one by
1332:Novelas ejemplares
1315:La ilustre fregona
1259:Spanish Golden Age
1198:Antonio de Guevara
1176:Diego de San Pedro
1070:Philippine history
1062:colonial mentality
1038:In the Philippines
1019:Alliance Française
965:(1591), Frenchman
917:Heinrich Doergangk
838:Antonio de Nebrija
6805:
6804:
6787:Political culture
6009:Quinziano, p. 552
5572:Miguel de Unamuno
5492:John Brande Trend
5253:Gregorio Céspedes
5156:Antonio J. Molina
5049:, Cervantes, and
4954:Cathrine Grimseid
4930:, who translated
4756:Alles over Spanje
4747:Barber van de Pol
4742:Roads to Santiago
4731:, as well as the
4729:Generation of '98
4701:(1964) to Spain.
4693:Eighty Years' War
4601:Novela Picaresca
4588:Boston University
4433:into Hebrew. The
4400:Benzion Netanyahu
4316:Giuliano Bonfante
4276:Francesco Ugolini
4232:Silvio Pellegrini
4203:, and student of
4063:Edmondo de Amicis
3867:First Carlist War
3809:Andrzej Tęczyński
3692:Sergei Sobolevski
3665:Spanish Civil War
3575:, whom he met in
3545:Carolina Coronado
3425:Washington Irving
3412:and the diplomat
3402:Washington Irving
3256:. Groult studied
3216:Emmanuel Chabrier
3100:), as well as to
3098:Generation of '98
3085:Voyage en Espagne
3080:Théophile Gautier
2881:and the works of
2849:Antoine de Latour
2805:Théophile Gautier
2782:Alain-René Lesage
2702:Franz Grillparzer
2631:Rudolph Grossmann
2584:Wörter und Sachen
2521:Wörter und Sachen
2068:Friedrich Hanssen
2022:Franz Grillparzer
1818:Nigel Glendinning
1766:John Brande Trend
1741:Edward Fitzgerald
1696:Cantar de Mio Cid
1479:Alexander Jardine
1467:Philip Thicknesse
1463:William Dalrymple
1398:picaresque novels
1338:The Spanish Gipsy
1113:José Enrique Rodó
973:(1620, 1624) and
963:Richard Percivale
956:Pere Lacavallería
952:Heinrich Hornkens
948:François Huillery
897:Richard Percivale
817:Iberian Peninsula
805:Miguel de Unamuno
790:Equatorial Guinea
736:
735:
249:Cantar de mio Cid
225:
224:
217:
199:
123:
122:
115:
73:Several templates
16:(Redirected from
6850:
6833:European studies
6828:Spanish language
6823:Culture of Spain
6777:Official culture
6757:Cultural studies
6446:Central European
6340:cultural studies
6332:
6325:
6318:
6309:
6308:
6266:
6260:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6244:on 26 March 2012
6243:
6237:, archived from
6236:
6224:
6204:
6195:
6193:
6172:
6167:
6158:
6149:
6143:
6138:The Times Online
6133:
6127:
6114:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6072:. Archived from
6066:
6060:
6057:
6051:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5974:
5971:
5965:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5924:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5892:
5891:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5653:. BiblioBazaar.
5644:
5638:
5637:
5625:
5616:
5615:
5605:
5599:
5592:Richard L. Kagan
5589:
5583:
5569:
5563:
5553:
5503:
5433:Stanley G. Payne
5401:Edward Malefakis
5389:Brown University
5386:
5261:Hispanic Studies
5177:Revista Filipina
5131:creole languages
5083:George Călinescu
5079:Ileana Georgescu
5029:Ștefan Vârgolici
5010:
5002:Eero K. Neuvonen
4994:Oiva J. Tallgren
4837:Spansk grammatik
4763:The Acorn Eaters
4689:Hendrik de Vries
4556:Gerbrand Bredero
4475:Moorish kingdoms
4453:); Aviva Dorón (
4298:(who translated
4284:Luigi de Filippo
4260:Gabriele Ranzato
4240:Antonio Viscardi
4197:Giuseppe Bellini
4189:Franco Meregalli
4166:Cesare de Lollis
4135:Arturo Farinelli
4086:Le gesta del Cid
4055:Giovanni Berchet
4037:Giuseppe Baretti
4033:Giacomo Casanova
3801:Society of Jesus
3746:Miguel Hernández
3687:) was profound.
3623:
3410:Mordecai M. Noah
3274:Ghent University
3107:Don Juan Tenorio
3065:Eugenio de Ochoa
3061:Juan María Maury
3056:Espagne poétique
3019:Joseph Bonaparte
2950:was a friend of
2948:Honoré de Balzac
2938:
2793:Eugène Delacroix
2770:Spanish Conquest
2734:Pierre Corneille
2651:Werner Beinhauer
2540:Die Hochpyrenäen
2496:
2465:
2421:Friedrich Schürr
2415:creole languages
2386:
2355:
2330:
2290:Rudolf Grossmann
2267:Emil Gamillscheg
2247:Werner Beinhauer
2232:
2187:Libro de la caza
2026:Wendelin Förster
1971:
1905:picaresque novel
1806:Geoffrey Ribbans
1791:auto sacramental
1598:translated some
1565:Matthew G. Lewis
1557:Rudolph Ackerman
1499:William Beckford
1402:Charlotte Lennox
1366:Richard Fanshawe
1319:Thomas Middleton
1291:Francis Beaumont
1269:, borrowed from
1236:Bartholomew Yong
1212:picaresque novel
1148:William Drummond
1107:Hispanic America
1092:
1078:Andres Bonifacio
1051:
1023:Goethe Institute
928:Girolamo Vittori
921:Carolus Mulerius
893:Giovanni Miranda
821:Hispanic America
809:Richard L. Kagan
770:Hispanic America
728:
721:
714:
439:Central American
252:
243:
233:Spanish language
229:
228:
220:
213:
209:
206:
200:
198:
157:
133:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
85:
45:
44:
37:
21:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6838:Romance studies
6808:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6735:
6696:Southeast Asian
6621:Native American
6342:
6336:
6294:
6273:
6271:Further reading
6254:
6253:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6234:
6222:
6191:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6150:
6146:
6134:
6130:
6124:Wayback Machine
6115:
6111:
6104:
6100:
6093:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6076:on 3 March 2016
6068:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6028:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
5999:
5995:
5990:
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5981:
5977:
5972:
5968:
5961:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5935:(15): 201–217.
5922:
5916:
5912:
5903:
5902:
5895:
5880:
5876:
5869:
5855:
5851:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5811:
5807:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5747:
5743:
5732:
5728:
5717:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5692:
5688:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5645:
5641:
5626:
5619:
5606:
5602:
5590:
5586:
5570:
5566:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5511:
5463:Alison Sinclair
5457:Dorothy Severin
5380:
5372:Gabriel Jackson
5357:Guillermo Gómez
5317:
5269:
5245:
5186:
5164:Guillermo Gómez
5160:Edmundo Farolan
5119:
5107:
5025:
5017:Ortega y Gasset
5004:
4982:
4928:Magnus Gronvold
4920:
4894:Bengt Hasselrot
4880:Emanuel Walberg
4866:Gunnar Tilander
4864:into Swedish);
4860:(translator of
4858:Edvard Lidforss
4846:
4826:; Carl Bratli (
4808:(1776–1777) by
4793:
4788:
4774:"Albert Helman"
4679:(1924), one by
4667:and another by
4560:Guilliam de Bay
4544:
4499:Spanish Morocco
4467:
4350:
4328:Ermanno Caldera
4272:Manlio Castello
4177:Antonio Machado
4125:Benedetto Croce
4071:Antonio Restori
3996:Crown of Aragon
3988:
3963:Wayback Machine
3946:
3937:Hispanismo 2000
3908:
3859:Karol Dembowski
3851:Joachim Lelewel
3847:Adam Mickiewicz
3805:Stanisław Łaski
3754:
3716:Emilio Castelar
3653:
3617:
3610:Hispanic Review
3597:, as well as a
3406:Edgar Allan Poe
3397:Spain Revisited
3391:A Year in Spain
3282:
3102:Alexandre Dumas
3072:Madame d'Aulnoy
3046:with his study
3025:Madame de Stäel
2924:
2889:Prosper Mérimée
2857:Édouard Magnien
2821:Prosper Mérimée
2817:Hippolyte Taine
2801:Alexandre Dumas
2726:
2637:Hans Juretschke
2609:Helmut Hatzfeld
2567:Helmut Hatzfeld
2526:Hugo Schuchardt
2516:pop music genre
2490:
2459:
2437:Günther Haensch
2411:Hugo Schuchardt
2376:
2370:, ethnography);
2337:
2320:
2304:Helmut Hatzfeld
2226:
2200:Hugo Schuchardt
2182:Don Juan Manuel
2178:Gottfried Baist
2046:Gottfried Baist
2030:Karl Vollmöller
1965:
1901:
1854:Edward C. Riley
1842:John H. R. Polt
1830:John H. Elliott
1780:Luis de Góngora
1693:translated the
1679:Charles Dickens
1668:Amadís de Gaula
1614:in part of his
1612:Ay de mi Alhama
1513:Neville Wyndham
1491:Joseph Townsend
1471:Henry Swinburne
1432:Lawrence Sterne
1394:Tobias Smollett
1382:Gregorio Mayans
1287:Juan Luis Vives
1161:Amadís de Gaula
1125:
1109:
1104:
1102:World influence
1066:cultural cringe
1040:
1031:
1015:British Council
829:
792:and the former
750:Spanish studies
732:
662:Roquetas Pidgin
384:irregular verbs
254:
221:
210:
204:
201:
158:
156:
146:
134:
119:
108:
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99:
87:
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62:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6856:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6767:Ethnic studies
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6611:Middle Eastern
6608:
6603:
6598:
6596:Latin American
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
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6478:
6473:
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6463:
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6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6369:Asian American
6361:
6356:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6335:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6293:
6292:External links
6290:
6289:
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6196:
6180:
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6098:
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6061:
6052:
6035:
6026:
6011:
6002:
5993:
5991:Bak, pp. 22–23
5984:
5982:Bak, pp. 19–20
5975:
5973:Bak, pp. 15–16
5966:
5955:
5931:(in Spanish).
5910:
5893:
5874:
5867:
5849:
5830:
5824:978-1846318337
5823:
5805:
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5759:
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5711:
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5510:
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5506:
5505:
5495:
5489:
5486:George Ticknor
5483:
5477:
5474:Walter Starkie
5471:
5468:Robert Southey
5465:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5419:(1936–2019), (
5414:
5409:(1884–1961), (
5404:
5398:
5392:
5387:(1913–1997), (
5375:
5369:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5339:Alan Deyermond
5336:
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5312:
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5304:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5284:
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5244:
5241:
5239:(48 , 69–92).
5226:. The journal
5185:
5182:
5118:
5115:
5106:
5103:
5024:
5021:
4981:
4978:
4919:
4916:
4906:Juan Goytisolo
4845:
4842:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4737:Cees Nooteboom
4629:William Davids
4584:Fonger de Haan
4543:
4540:
4495:Spanish Sahara
4487:Spanish Empire
4466:
4463:
4417:and author of
4404:Américo Castro
4381:online edition
4370:Ottoman Empire
4349:
4346:
4332:Rinaldo Froldi
4288:Carmelo Samonà
4264:Lucio Ambruzzi
4252:Francesco Vian
4244:Luigi Sorrento
3987:
3984:
3945:
3942:
3915:formed at the
3907:
3904:
3900:Florian Śmieja
3888:Florian Śmieja
3877:Zygmunt Czerny
3873:Felix Rozanski
3855:Leonard Rettel
3832:Jakub Sobieski
3753:
3750:
3718:published his
3652:
3649:
3579:, and visited
3559:George Ticknor
3507:Spanish Novels
3499:Jorge Manrique
3281:
3278:
3228:Claude Debussy
2897:(1825) and in
2841:Charles Didier
2797:Henri Regnault
2725:
2722:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2634:
2545:Gerhard Rohlfs
2512:Hamburg School
2505:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2457:Edmund Schramm
2454:
2448:
2441:Arnald Steiger
2434:
2424:
2418:
2408:
2397:Gerhard Rohlfs
2394:
2391:Joseph M. Piel
2388:
2371:
2361:
2332:
2315:
2310:, language of
2301:
2287:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2122:, a friend of
2120:Ferdinand Wolf
1925:Friedrich Diez
1900:
1897:
1866:Alan Deyermond
1802:
1801:
1795:
1783:
1769:
1763:
1663:Robert Southey
1640:King's College
1624:Richard Trench
1509:Robert Southey
1483:Richard Croker
1459:Francis Carter
1447:Wyndham Beawes
1428:Henry Fielding
1416:Richard Graves
1396:, a writer of
1390:Charles Jervas
1350:Thomas Shelton
1323:William Rowley
1293:also imitated
1244:Leonard Digges
1240:Thomas Shelton
1232:William Apsley
1171:Cárcel de amor
1124:
1121:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1027:
846:Juan de Valdés
840:published his
828:
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637:Judaeo-Spanish
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618:Interlanguages
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451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
398:
397:
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
371:
366:
361:
360:
359:
354:
344:
343:
342:
332:
324:
323:
317:
316:
315:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
275:
274:
261:
260:
256:
255:
253:, 13th century
244:
236:
235:
223:
222:
137:
135:
128:
121:
120:
103:September 2022
65:full citations
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6855:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:Super culture
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6333:
6328:
6326:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6264:
6258:
6240:
6233:
6232:
6226:
6223:
6221:9788483241981
6217:
6213:
6212:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6190:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6171:
6166:
6164:
6156:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6091:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6056:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6030:
6022:
6015:
6006:
5997:
5988:
5979:
5970:
5964:
5959:
5943:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5921:
5914:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5889:
5885:
5878:
5870:
5864:
5860:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5809:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5782:(3): 177–193
5781:
5777:
5770:
5762:
5760:9780813552859
5756:
5752:
5745:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5715:
5699:
5698:
5690:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5675:Doergangk, H.
5670:
5662:
5660:9781171308973
5656:
5652:
5651:
5643:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5629:Percivale, R.
5624:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5525:Hispagnolisme
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5499:
5498:Leslie Walton
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5384:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5327:Gerald Brenan
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5003:
5000:(1892–1991);
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4974:Romansk forum
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4926:by professor
4925:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4902:Inger Enkvist
4899:
4895:
4891:
4890:Magnus Mörner
4887:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4818:(1780–1781).
4817:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4669:S. A. Vosters
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4637:Simon Vosters
4634:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4615:Jan te Winkel
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4568:Reinhart Dozy
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4514:Shakib Arslan
4511:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4481:defeated the
4480:
4476:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4427:Isaac Cardoso
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4398:), professor
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4354:Judeo-Spanish
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:(author of a
4337:
4336:Guido Mancini
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4280:Elena Milazzo
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:Dario Puccini
4214:
4213:César Vallejo
4210:
4209:Roberto Paoli
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4185:Guido Mancini
4182:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4140:Mario Casella
4136:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:Janusz Tazbir
3893:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3813:Jan Tarnowski
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3777:Hernán Cortés
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:Jan Dantyszek
3761:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:Caleb Cushing
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:San Francisco
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:Pierre Groult
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:Maurice Ravel
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:Georges Bizet
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:Louis Viardot
3149:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:José Zorrilla
3091:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2997:, brother of
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:Duke of Rivas
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:Louis Viardot
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:Rudolf Palgen
2707:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:Yakov Malkiel
2598:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:The works of
2555:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:(author of a
2463:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2318:Heinrich Kuen
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:Wilhelm Giese
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:Armin Gassner
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:Gustav Gröber
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:Ludwig Pfandl
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:Poema de José
2143:
2142:Heinrich Morf
2139:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2124:Agustín Durán
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:(1890–1902),
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:Gustav Gröber
2039:
2038:Heinrich Morf
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:Keith Whinnom
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:Gerald Brenan
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1798:John E. Varey
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1727:George Borrow
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:, translated
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:Duke of Rivas
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:Childe Harold
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:Gothic novels
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:Richard Twiss
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:Samuel Butler
1359:
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1260:
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1252:William Cecil
1249:
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1221:
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1213:
1209:
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1199:
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1180:Philip Sidney
1177:
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1079:
1075:
1074:conquistadors
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:white washing
1055:
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1024:
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946:
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936:Jacques Ledel
933:
929:
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909:Jean Saulnier
906:
902:
898:
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890:
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871:
865:
863:
862:
858:wrote in his
857:
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848:composed his
847:
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774:United States
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482:
480:
477:
475:
474:Equatoguinean
472:
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267:Pronunciation
265:
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169:
166: –
165:
161:
160:Find sources:
154:
150:
144:
143:
138:This article
136:
132:
127:
126:
117:
114:
106:
94:
93:documentation
90:
83:
82:documentation
79:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6752:Area studies
6747:Anthropology
6661:Scandinavian
6591:Kremlinology
6545:
6511:Filipinology
6284:
6246:, retrieved
6239:the original
6230:
6210:
6200:
6187:
6179:Bibliography
6152:Publications
6147:
6137:
6136:Obituary in
6131:
6117:Raymond Carr
6112:
6101:
6090:
6080:12 September
6078:. Retrieved
6074:the original
6064:
6055:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6014:
6005:
5996:
5987:
5978:
5969:
5958:
5946:. Retrieved
5932:
5926:
5913:
5890:(2007): 227.
5887:
5883:
5877:
5858:
5852:
5843:
5839:
5833:
5814:
5808:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5750:
5744:
5729:
5714:
5702:. Retrieved
5696:
5689:
5679:
5669:
5649:
5642:
5633:
5610:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5551:
5529:
5445:Paul Preston
5395:Angus Mackay
5345:J.H. Elliott
5333:Raymond Carr
5307:
5300:
5287:
5280:
5270:
5260:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5187:
5176:
5170:, edited by
5167:
5123:Novohispanic
5120:
5108:
5097:
5087:
5054:
5051:Lope de Vega
5042:
5036:
5026:
4998:Tyyni Tuulio
4992:, including
4983:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4940:
4931:
4921:
4910:
4898:Nils Hedberg
4884:
4869:
4861:
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4813:
4799:
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4768:
4762:
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4697:
4661:A. A. Fokker
4623:
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4602:
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4592:
4578:
4572:
4548:a bitter war
4546:In spite of
4545:
4521:
4510:Ahmed Shawqi
4503:
4468:
4430:
4423:Yosef Kaplan
4418:
4407:
4385:
4376:
4374:
4351:
4340:
4294:, the poets
4268:Eugenio Mele
4225:
4201:Pablo Neruda
4181:Luis de León
4179:and of Fray
4173:Oreste Macrì
4170:
4144:
4129:
4117:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4059:Pietro Monti
4057:in 1837 and
4048:
4046:
3989:
3954:
3947:
3936:
3929:
3924:
3919:, including
3909:
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3554:
3549:
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3535:Evening Post
3534:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3493:
3483:
3469:
3463:
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3422:
3396:
3390:
3381:
3374:Obadiah Rich
3364:(1825), and
3355:
3342:
3283:
3268:
3262:
3247:
3242:
3232:
3220:Édouard Lalo
3209:
3194:
3189:
3184:
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3161:
3156:
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3141:
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3126:
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3069:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3036:
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3023:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2983:folk ballads
2973:
2966:
2965:The Spanish
2964:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2941:
2920:
2916:costumbrista
2915:
2913:, which are
2910:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2869:
2790:
2756:
2749:
2746:Juan de Luna
2738:Paul Scarron
2727:
2718:Lope de Vega
2706:Black Legend
2700:In Austria,
2699:
2684:
2673:
2617:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2559:Karl Vossler
2556:
2539:
2533:
2519:
2508:Fritz Krüger
2506:
2499:
2488:Adolf Zauner
2451:Karl Vossler
2401:dialectology
2368:dialectology
2364:Fritz Krüger
2275:(etymology,
2257:Joseph Brüch
2241:
2235:
2218:
2216:, who wrote
2208:
2191:
2186:
2172:
2170:, who wrote
2168:Emil Gessner
2152:Karl Vossler
2146:
2132:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2054:Rodolfo Lenz
2034:Adolf Tobler
2019:
1990:
1982:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1944:Ludwig Tieck
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1902:
1878:
1862:Paul Preston
1834:Raymond Carr
1822:Brian Dutton
1803:
1790:
1775:
1737:Manuel Azaña
1730:
1722:
1719:Richard Ford
1715:John Bowring
1700:
1694:
1686:
1672:
1666:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1591:
1588:Walter Scott
1585:
1572:
1560:
1540:Lope de Vega
1517:
1503:
1495:Arthur Young
1451:James Harris
1443:Thomas James
1436:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1385:
1378:Pedro Pineda
1369:
1357:
1353:
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1343:
1336:
1330:
1329:(one of the
1327:La gitanilla
1326:
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1280:
1274:
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1126:
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880:
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860:
850:
841:
830:
800:
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738:
737:
689:
580:Dialectology
541:Puerto Rican
369:Prepositions
226:
211:
202:
192:
185:
178:
171:
159:
147:Please help
142:verification
139:
109:
100:
89:Citation bot
51:
32:Panhispanism
6626:New Zealand
6466:Circumpolar
6411:Assyriology
6281:J.H. Elliot
5846:(2009): 36.
5704:12 December
5494:(1887–1958)
5488:(1791–1871)
5482:(1931–2017)
5480:Hugh Thomas
5476:(1894–1976)
5470:(1774–1843)
5459:(born 1942)
5453:(born 1941)
5447:(born 1946)
5441:(1891–1952)
5435:(born 1943)
5429:(born 1943)
5403:(1932–2016)
5397:(born 1939)
5381: [
5374:(1921–2019)
5359:(born 1936)
5353:(born 1939)
5347:(born 1930)
5341:(1932–2009)
5335:(1919–2005)
5329:(1894–1987)
5323:(born 1950)
5251:began with
5211:Don Quixote
5206:Don Quixote
5202:Don Quixote
5093:Tudor Vianu
5038:Don Quixote
5005: [
4932:Don Quixote
4876:Alf Lombard
4862:Don Quixote
4824:Knud Togeby
4801:Don Quixote
4786:Scandinavia
4751:Don Quixote
4635:(1926) and
4633:Joseph Vles
4596:(1899) and
4564:Romanticism
4542:Netherlands
4518:Taha Husayn
4479:Reconquista
4409:Don Quixote
4358:Old Spanish
4248:Guido Tammi
4142:(author of
4121:comparatist
4083:(1881) and
4008:Petrarchian
3968:Gil Vicente
3950:comparatist
3696:Juan Valera
3677:Dostoyevsky
3618: [
3529:translated
3467:(1829) and
3331:San Antonio
3323:Los Angeles
3295:Philippines
3291:Puerto Rico
3168:George Sand
3150:(1826), by
3088:(1845) and
3076:Saint-Simon
2999:Victor Hugo
2960:Abén Humeya
2940:(1834) and
2925: [
2909:. He wrote
2871:Victor Hugo
2809:George Sand
2762:César Oudin
2742:Inquisition
2605:Leo Spitzer
2597:Nazi regime
2571:Leo Spitzer
2497:(author of
2491: [
2460: [
2427:Leo Spitzer
2377: [
2374:Harri Meier
2338: [
2321: [
2312:Don Quixote
2227: [
2164:Max Krenkel
2133:cancioneros
2082:philology,
2080:Old Spanish
2062:(1904) and
1987:Jakob Grimm
1966: [
1949:Don Quixote
1885:St. Andrews
1870:Ian Michael
1850:Colin Smith
1846:Hugh Thomas
1838:Henry Kamen
1804:as well as
1702:Don Quixote
1691:John Ormsby
1660:"Lake Poet"
1626:translated
1608:Don Quixote
1596:Thomas Rodd
1569:Jane Austen
1544:Somers Town
1420:Don Quixote
1386:Don Quixote
1376:Cervantist
1370:Don Quixote
1354:Don Quixote
1346:Don Quixote
1325:, with his
1295:Don Quixote
1276:Don Quixote
1267:Shakespeare
1248:James Mabbe
1218:(1594), by
1204:translated
1156:Juan Boscán
1044:Philippines
984:Don Quixote
967:César Oudin
944:(1604) and
932:John Torius
913:Jean Doujat
911:(1608) and
903:(1599) and
891:(1560) and
878:(1555) and
834:Renaissance
546:Rioplatense
499:New Mexican
454:Costa Rican
379:conjugation
330:Determiners
279:Orthography
164:"Hispanism"
18:Hispanicism
6812:Categories
6601:Macedonian
6581:Kartvelian
6496:Eskimology
6486:Egyptology
6481:East Asian
6426:Belarusian
6416:Australian
6359:Albanology
5948:30 January
5884:Profession
5868:0826514723
5543:References
5504:1894–1960)
5351:Ian Gibson
5321:Ida Altman
5152:José Rizal
5133:, such as
5073:(1947), a
4854:Erik Staaf
4528:Ibn Bassam
4523:Al-Dakhira
4493:, such as
4465:Arab world
3966:dramatist
3441:Casa Irujo
3427:, who met
3311:New Mexico
3303:California
3162:De l'amour
2981:published
2956:El Verdugo
2595:Under the
2431:stylistics
2335:Alwin Kuhn
2308:stylistics
2090:(1896) by
1989:published
1874:Ian Gibson
1683:Sam Weller
1604:Lord Byron
1561:Catecismos
1424:John Bowle
1228:Adam Islip
1117:José Martí
1115:and Cuban
1090:hispanista
1049:hispanista
942:Jean Palet
905:Lewis Owen
788:, such as
784:, and the
754:literature
571:Venezuelan
556:Salvadoran
529:Philippine
519:Peninsular
514:Panamanian
504:Nicaraguan
479:Guatemalan
469:Ecuadorian
404:Andalusian
364:Adjectives
312:Influences
175:newspapers
69:verifiable
6782:Philology
6772:Ethnology
6716:Ukrainian
6711:Turkology
6616:Mongolian
6546:Hispanism
6541:Hungarian
6501:Ethiopian
6471:Coptology
6401:Aromanian
6338:Regional
5800:146162176
5614:. Cancer.
5576:La Nación
5520:Hispanist
5257:Chul Park
5223:Hispánica
5192:. There,
5168:Nueva Era
5135:Chabacano
5098:Cervantes
5071:romancero
4936:Nils Kjær
4733:Sephardic
4673:a grammar
4443:Ruth Fine
4236:Pio Rajna
4150:Ezio Levi
4105:Boccaccio
4061:in 1855.
4050:romancero
4012:Mannerism
3955:Península
3834:made the
3645:Cervantes
3635:Dieciocho
3494:Outre-Mer
3003:romancero
2995:Abel Hugo
2968:romancero
2714:his study
2552:loanwords
2478:scholar);
2468:biography
2294:loanwords
2284:loanwords
2198:in 1888;
2128:romancero
2084:Aragonese
1895:in 1962.
1776:Soledades
1374:Sephardic
1224:Celestina
1182:had read
1139:Interlude
1130:Celestina
1029:Criticism
801:hispanist
739:Hispanism
690:Hispanism
647:Spanglish
566:Uruguayan
464:Dominican
449:Colombian
434:Caribbean
414:Argentine
54:bare URLs
6726:Yugoslav
6681:Sinology
6666:Scottish
6631:Oriental
6606:Mandaean
6571:Japanese
6551:Indology
6536:Hellenic
6526:Hawaiian
6506:European
6476:Croatian
6436:Canadian
6396:Armenian
6364:American
6257:citation
6120:Archived
5840:Transfer
5677:(1614).
5631:(1599).
5538:(AATSP).
5531:Hispania
5509:See also
5067:folklore
5047:Calderón
4990:Helsinki
4946:Calderón
4832:Calderón
4631:(1918),
4603:in Spain
4366:expelled
4320:Carlo Bo
4113:Petrarch
4089:(1890).
4014:and the
3959:Archived
3944:Portugal
3927:, whose
3912:Mercosur
3724:(1881).
3704:Calderón
3681:Turgenev
3631:Hispania
3503:couplets
3475:Alicante
3470:Alhambra
3433:Bordeaux
3370:Valencia
3362:Virginia
3360:(1819),
3343:Hispania
3319:New York
3239:Toulouse
3235:Bordeaux
3158:Stendhal
3122:Don Juan
3050:(1813).
3007:romances
2813:Stendhal
2626:. Also:
2563:idealism
2204:flamenco
2160:Calderón
2106:(1935).
2013:. Count
1721:, whose
1620:Don Juan
1581:chivalry
1358:Hudibras
1341:(1623).
1307:for his
1282:Cardenio
1279:for his
1230:, 1596;
1168:and the
1095:Filipino
1082:Lapulapu
938:(1565),
923:(1630).
899:(1591),
884:(1559).
744:Hispanic
681:Teaching
652:Castrapo
642:Portuñol
561:Standard
524:Peruvian
509:Paraguay
484:Honduran
429:Canarian
424:Bolivian
419:Belizean
395:Dialects
352:personal
347:Pronouns
259:Overview
205:May 2011
58:link rot
6740:Related
6676:Serbian
6671:Semitic
6656:Russian
6646:Romance
6636:Pacific
6566:Italian
6556:Iranian
6531:Hebraic
6491:English
6461:Chinese
6451:Chicano
6391:Aramaic
6354:African
6044:Yu Aida
5091:), and
5063:Unamuno
5023:Romania
4986:Finland
4980:Finland
4970:Tribune
4791:Denmark
4617:of the
4491:Maghreb
4392:kharjas
4300:Góngora
4215:); and
4016:Baroque
3685:Tolstoy
3673:realist
3550:Jarilla
3531:Morisco
3358:Harvard
3349:.) The
3307:Florida
3201:Picasso
3190:Memoirs
3176:Majorca
3090:Espagne
2875:grandee
2778:Molière
2643:and on
2549:Guanche
2476:Unamuno
2474:and an
2296:in the
2281:Guanche
2206:music,
2011:Gracián
1921:Gracián
1782:(1931);
1144:Virtue.
1054:Tagalog
1042:In the
1021:or the
1002:During
870:Louvain
827:Origins
823:, etc.
786:Pacific
762:Spanish
760:of the
758:culture
746:studies
657:Creoles
627:Llanito
551:Saharan
494:Murcian
489:Mexican
444:Chilean
321:Grammar
293:History
189:scholar
6731:Zhuang
6706:Taiwan
6701:Syriac
6691:Somali
6686:Slavic
6651:Romani
6641:Polish
6586:Korean
6576:Jewish
6516:German
6441:Celtic
6431:Bengal
6421:Balkan
6379:Latino
6248:4 July
6218:
5865:
5821:
5798:
5757:
5657:
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