22:
432:
occupation - the disclosure of the
MolotovâRibbentrop Pact and its secret protocols meant the USSR would have to expose a historical lie, and demonstrate the illegitimacy of the Soviet Union. The Hirvepark meeting established legal emphasis, that prepared the restoration of the Republic of Estonia on the basis of legal continuity on August 20, 1991.
208:"It was a truly uplifting sight to see when the entire of Harju Street was filled with people! By the side of Harju street, there was an open-air cafe; the patrons just looked at this river of people in bewilderment. Already, slogans were coming out. Posters flashed, depicting the hammer and sickle as equal to the swastika."
431:
had backfired in giving
Estonians free speech, and effectively, the legal ability to dissent for the first time since USSR occupation. Independence and the Republic of Estonia's restoration were not directly demanded at the Hirvepark demonstration, but the organisers had hit a crucial point in their
203:âSee oli tĂ”esti meeliĂŒlendav vaatepilt, kui terve Harju tĂ€nav oli inimestega tĂ€idetud! Harju tĂ€nava ÀÀres oli vabaĂ”hukohvik, kĂŒlastajad vaatasid hĂ€mmelduses seda inimjĂ”ge. Juba olid vĂ€ljas ka loosungid. VĂ€lgatasid plakatid sĂŒmboolikaga, kus olid vĂ”rdsustatud sirp ja vasar haakristiga.â
399:
Ultimately, the demonstration gathered a crowd of around 7,000 participants, that neither the authorities nor the organisers could have expected. For almost half a century, all political initiatives in
Estonia had been under the complete control of the
128:, authority-led actions and repressions, as well as thematic articles, historical reviews, and memoirs. Its self-publication meant only those who came to the publishers directly or through acquaintances could obtain the bulletin.
339:"With this action, the provocateurs attempted to distort the revolutionary past of Estonian workers and cast a shadow over it, to tarnish the fraternal unity of Soviet nations, and to discredit the power of the USSR."
280:; however, audience members deemed him to be too young to be part of the organisation, and he was consequently heckled off-stage. The crowd of now-several thousand participants sang "Our currents are free" (
445:"We weren't really scared of repression, because we were sure that we couldn't be provoked, and that violence at this point wasn't even a thought. We didn't feel fear - just an overwhelming sense of joy."
249:
meant the number of
Estonian human casualties caused by the pact's implementation had been publicised for the very first time, and the question of the restoration of Estonia's independence was raised.
334:âSelle aktsiooniga pĂŒĂŒdsid provokaatorid moonutada Eesti töötajate revolutsioonilist minevikku, heita sellele varju, mustata NĂ”ukoguse rahvaste vennalikku ĂŒhtsust, diskrediteerida NĂ”ukogude vĂ”imu.â
441:âRepressioone me eriti ei kartnud, sest olime kindlad, et meid ei ole vĂ”imalik provotseerida ja muidu enam vĂ€givald polnud mĂ”eldav. Hirmu ei tundnud, aga meeletu rÔÔm oli.â
1048:
717:
345:
644:
288:, also known as "JÀÀ vabaks, Eesti meri"), and over a hundred people followed Lagle Parek's plea to enroll in an organisation dedicated to remembering victims of
1042:
316:
and Mikku were depicted as simple 'thieves', 'crooks', and provocateurs that were distorting history. Due to their participation in the meeting, many
710:
376:"This spectacle, which played out on side as according to an anti-Soviet script, unfortunately brought together a few hundred curious witnesses."
265:
1072:
273:
257:
213:
139:"We couldn't guess a thing - not if the public would come or not, or if even our friends would come or not. Everything was up in the air."
124:), an underground self-printed bulletin that contained the organisation's statements and political opinions, reviews of demonstrations and
703:
478:
371:âSee spektaakel, mis mĂ€ngiti nende poolt maha NĂ”ukogude-vastase stsenaariumi jĂ€rgi, tĂ”i kahjuks kokku mĂ”nisada uudishimulikku.â
929:
670:
1151:
1146:
1067:
592:
515:
505:
488:
753:
89:), an organisation dedicated to publishing the MolotovâRibbentrop Pact and its secret additional protocols. These included
21:
401:
747:
301:
46:
1136:
241:
almost 50 years ago, and its secretive additional protocols, which divided
Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
61:
and its secret protocols, along with the liquidation of the pact's consequences. The demonstration sparked a wave of
53:. It was attended by an estimated 7,000 people, and was one of the first organized public demonstrations against the
1036:
567:
949:
106:
1082:
404:. The Hirvepark meeting was the first major public-initiated demonstration in which, under the conditions of
304:
media platforms was immediate and critical. The demonstration was referred to as foreign interference in the
169:), but the city government issued a last-minute revocation of their permission given for the meeting. At the
1156:
350:
134:âMeie ei osanud midagi arvata, kas rahvas tuleb vĂ”i ei, kas isegi sĂ”brad tulevad vĂ”i ei, kĂ”ik oli lahtine.â
1126:
308:
internal affairs, and the forging of fascists - in newspapers, tabloid-esque articles appeared, in which
182:
174:
78:
58:
50:
1077:
844:
695:
1019:
832:
826:
1131:
54:
939:
277:
1141:
1104:
158:
645:"Stalinismi kuritegude paljastamine ja inimÔiguste eest seismine ei ole Venemaal enam lubatud"
415:
The
Communist Party and KGB faced uncertainty and confusion in the new situation; between the
420:
1098:
975:
8:
954:
801:
230:
990:
416:
786:
598:
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request, the attendees moved on to HarjumÀe, chanting slogans such as "publicise the
162:
117:
82:
34:
791:
65:
activity and mass protests in support of the restoration of
Estonia's independence.
764:
758:
194:
113:
102:
850:
424:
873:
796:
584:
Hirvepark 1987 : 20 aastat kodanikualgatusest, mis muutis Eesti lÀhiajalugu
904:
1120:
1013:
878:
838:
619:
602:
325:
309:
226:
178:
90:
381:
ETA's official announcement, broadcast on the news program 'Actual Camera' (
980:
944:
781:
305:
238:
883:
970:
894:
450:
405:
313:
261:
144:
94:
62:
725:
671:"Propaganda enne ja nĂŒĂŒd: sĂŒsteemi kriitikud reĆŸiimimeedia kĂ”verpeeglis"
1007:
934:
276:, as well as one Platon Afanasjev, who claimed to be a functionary of
899:
582:
289:
253:
222:
190:
186:
125:
98:
42:
428:
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246:
540:
225:. In the demonstration's opening speech, the principal organiser,
856:
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initiators were subjected to consequences and repressions by the
317:
234:
170:
74:
157:
Initially, the demonstration was supposed to take place at the
25:
A plaque in
Hirvepark erected to commemorate the demonstration
101:. The general public was notified of the meeting through the
1049:
On the
Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
221:
A suitable place for the meeting was found on the steps of
321:
1043:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of
Lithuania
57:. Participants demanded the public disclosure of the
726:
Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states
87:
Molotov-Ribbentropi Pakti Avalikustamise Eesti Grupp
1118:
1073:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
369:
332:
201:
132:
112:MRP-AEG also used the event to distribute the
16:1987 anti-Soviet demonstration in Estonian SSR
711:
541:"Hirvepark â koht, kus vaba mĂ”te murdis lĂ€bi"
49:on 23 August 1987, on the anniversary of the
568:"InfobĂŒlletÀÀn vaba ajakirjanduse jÀÀmurdja"
1037:Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR
77:, the Estonian Group on Publication of the
73:The leaders of the meeting were members of
718:
704:
580:
476:
152:
41:) was a political demonstration held in
20:
268:. There were also poetry readings from
1119:
503:
412:, authorities could not intervene in.
177:conditions", " self-determination for
1068:Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania
699:
565:
389:) on the evening of the demonstration
754:Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters
683:
614:
612:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
472:
470:
468:
189:executioners to justice", and "free
13:
748:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
480:Estonia: identity and independence
328:was forced to emigrate to Sweden.
14:
1168:
609:
524:
465:
295:
1078:January 1991 events in Lithuania
510:. Scarecrow Press. p. 399.
507:Historical dictionary of Estonia
453:, the demonstration's organiser
252:Speakers included Heiki Ahonen,
651:(in Estonian). 26 November 2021
587:. MtĂ Kultuuriselts Hirvepark.
566:Teder, Tarmo (30 August 1998).
477:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004).
147:, the demonstration's organiser
677:
663:
637:
574:
559:
497:
68:
1:
1083:January 1991 events in Latvia
458:
264:, JĂŒri Mikk, Roman Bode, and
1152:Protests in the Soviet Union
1147:August 1987 events in Europe
950:Estonian Citizens' Committee
688:. Hoover Press. p. 223.
7:
1004:Night Song Festivals (1988)
394:
10:
1173:
845:Letter of 40 Intellectuals
1091:
1058:
1029:
1020:The Baltics Are Waking Up
989:
963:
922:
913:
866:
833:Lithuanian Liberty League
827:Lithuanian Helsinki Group
819:
810:
774:
740:
731:
686:Estonia and the Estonians
361:Eesti Telegraafi Agentuur
346:Estonian Telegraph Agency
1137:1987 in the Soviet Union
1092:Post-independence crises
935:Popular Front of Estonia
344:A message from ETA, the
286:'Meil merevood on vabad'
55:Estonian Communist Party
940:Popular Front of Latvia
684:Raun, Toivo U. (2001).
581:Tannberg, TÔnu (2007).
483:. Rodopi. p. 228.
324:. Following Hirvepark,
278:Communist International
79:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
59:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
51:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
1105:Coup of the Volunteers
916:Political activism era
504:Miljan, Toivo (2004).
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366:
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333:
285:
219:
202:
166:
150:
133:
121:
86:
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26:
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367:
363:) on 25th August 1987
330:
199:
153:Events of the meeting
130:
122:MRP-AEG InfobulletÀÀn
109:, as well as orally.
24:
1060:Final confrontations
976:Vytautas Landsbergis
813:Soviet dissident era
1157:Protests in Estonia
955:Congress of Estonia
802:Adolfas Ramanauskas
231:non-aggression pact
185:agreement", "Bring
1127:History of Tallinn
991:Singing Revolution
624:www.okupatsioon.ee
417:Chernobyl disaster
245:implementation of
229:, spoke about the
183:MolotovâRibbentrop
175:MolotovâRibbentrop
39:Hirvepargi miiting
27:
1114:
1113:
999:Hirvepark meeting
820:Groups and events
741:Groups and events
594:978-9949-15-351-0
517:978-0-8108-4904-4
490:978-0-8108-4904-4
421:Soviet-Afghan War
387:Aktuaalne kaamera
107:Radio Free Europe
31:Hirvepark meeting
1164:
775:Freedom fighters
765:Operation Jungle
759:Operation Priboi
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181:", "abolish the
179:Baltic countries
159:Town Hall Square
148:
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114:MRP-AEG Bulletin
103:Voice of America
93:, Heiki Ahonen,
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1132:1987 in Estonia
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1099:PullapÀÀ crisis
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1054:
1025:
985:
959:
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859:(1987–88)
851:Phosphorite War
835:(1978–95)
829:(1977–81)
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767:(1949–55)
750:(1944–56)
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425:Phosphorite War
402:Communist Party
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233:signed between
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905:Tomas Venclova
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792:Pranas KonÄius
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734:Armed struggle
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620:"Hirvepark 25"
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300:Coverage from
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1142:1987 protests
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1030:Key decisions
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1014:Alo Mattiisen
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888:Tiit Madisson
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879:Romas Kalanta
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839:Baltic Appeal
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326:Tiit Madisson
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167:Raekoja plats
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91:Tiit Madisson
88:
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48:
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40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
1059:
998:
981:Lennart Meri
915:
874:GunÄrs Astra
812:
797:Juozas LukĆĄa
787:JÄnis PÄ«nups
782:August Sabbe
733:
685:
679:
665:
653:. Retrieved
648:
639:
627:. Retrieved
623:
583:
576:
561:
549:. Retrieved
544:
506:
499:
479:
444:
435:
414:
398:
375:
368:
338:
331:
302:Estonian SSR
299:
270:Merle JÀÀger
251:
239:Soviet Union
220:
207:
200:
156:
138:
131:
111:
72:
30:
28:
18:
971:Tunne Kelam
895:Lagle Parek
891:Mart Niklus
655:25 February
629:25 February
551:25 February
451:Lagle Parek
406:perestroika
349: [
274:Raivo Raave
266:Kalju MĂ€tik
262:Lagle Parek
258:Villu Rooda
243:Gorbachev's
216:, an artist
214:Henno Arrak
195:Mart Niklus
145:Lagle Parek
95:Lagle Parek
69:The MRP-AEG
63:anti-Soviet
1121:Categories
1008:Baltic Way
867:Dissidents
459:References
964:Activists
923:Movements
900:Enn Tarto
884:JĂŒri Kukk
603:438042527
290:Stalinism
254:Erik Udam
223:Hirvepark
191:Enn Tarto
187:Stalinist
171:militia's
99:Erik Udam
43:Hirvepark
448:â
437:Estonian
429:glasnost
410:glasnost
395:Outcomes
383:Estonian
379:â
357:Estonian
342:â
310:Madisson
282:Estonian
247:glasnost
237:and the
211:â
163:Estonian
142:â
118:Estonian
83:Estonian
35:Estonian
945:SÄ
jƫdis
857:MRP-AEG
649:Venemaa
235:Germany
126:pickets
75:MRP-AEG
47:Estonia
1107:(1993)
1101:(1993)
1051:(1990)
1045:(1990)
1039:(1988)
1010:(1989)
1001:(1987)
853:(1987)
847:(1980)
841:(1979)
761:(1949)
601:
591:
514:
487:
423:, and
306:USSR's
97:, and
353:]
314:Parek
930:ERSP
657:2023
631:2023
599:OCLC
589:ISBN
553:2023
512:ISBN
485:ISBN
408:and
272:and
193:and
105:and
29:The
322:KGB
318:MPR
197:".
1123::
647:.
622:.
611:^
597:.
543:.
526:^
467:^
439::
427:,
419:,
385::
359::
351:et
312:,
292:.
284::
260:,
256:,
165::
120::
85::
45:,
37::
1022:"
1018:"
719:e
712:t
705:v
673:.
659:.
633:.
605:.
570:.
555:.
520:.
493:.
355:(
161:(
116:(
81:(
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
