1188:'s "Critique of Pure Reason" with space and time as a priori concepts of knowledge (even if he later disliked Kant's too close ties to Euclidean geometry). From 1912 onwards he was strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and his phenomenology, which was also reflected in some passages in his book âSpace, Time, Matterâ. In 1927 his contribution Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Sciences to the Handbook of Philosophy was published by Oldenbourg Verlag, which was later published separately and revised as a book. In an attempt to reconstruct the origins of Hermann Weyl's philosophy and to integrate them into the main currents of philosophy, Norman Sieroka pointed to intensive, long-term discussions between Weyl and his Zurich philosopher colleague Fritz Medicus, a specialist on Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre and philosophy, according to which "being" results from the interaction of the "absolute ego" with its material neighbourhood (Umgebung), is also of great influence on Weyl and is reflected in Weyl's use of the neighbourhood concept of topology (continuum). and in Weyl's conception of the general theory of relativity, alongside the influences of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology known directly from Weyl's writings. According to Sieroka, Weyl also finds influences from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's theory of matter (the theory of monads, etc.) and German idealism (Fichte's dialectic) in Weyl's philosophical interpretation of the physical concept of matter in the context of quantum theory and general relativity and with regard to interaction of a symbol with its surroundings in a mathematical theory structure also in Weyl's philosophy of mathematics (debate between formalism and intuitionism under the influence of Brouwer). He understands the intra-mathematical debate about intuitionism and formalism along the lines of a debate between Husserlian phenomenology and Fichtean constructivism. In the 1920s, before the development of quantum mechanics and inspired by the statistical nature of quantum theory, which was becoming increasingly clear at the time, Weyl turned away from the field-theoretical description of matter towards a theory of active (agens) matter, which was achieved by including the spatial environment in the field theoretical description expressed. He had previously described the general theory of relativity and his own extensions of it, which led to the origin of today's concept of gauge field theories, using differential geometric methods. Under the influence of quantum theory, he turned away from this âgeometric field theoryâ. According to Sieroka, Fichte and
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2295:(February 23, 1891 â April 17, 1957). Hildegunde's friends often called her "Hilde" or "Hilda" rather than Hildegunde. Arthur March was Erwin Schrödinger's assistant at the time of Ruth's birth. The reason Ruth's surname is March (instead of Schrödinger) is because Arthur had agreed to be named as Ruth's father on her birth certificate, even though he wasn't her biological father. Ruth married the engineer Arnulf Braunizer in May 1956, and they have lived in Alpbach, Austria for many years. Ruth has been very active as the sole administrator of the intellectual (and other) property of her father Erwin's estate, which she manages from Alpbach.
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2147:"Hella starb am 5. September , mittags 12 Uhr." ("Hella died at 12:00 Noon on September 5 "). Helene's funeral arrangements were handled by the M. A. Mather Funeral Home (now named the Mather-Hodge Funeral Home), located at 40 Vandeventer Avenue, Princeton, New Jersey. Helene Weyl was cremated on September 6, 1948, at the Ewing Cemetery & Crematory, 78 Scotch Road, Trenton (Mercer County), New Jersey.
601:, but had declined because he did not desire to leave his homeland. As the political situation in Germany grew worse, he changed his mind and accepted when offered the position again. He remained there until his retirement in 1951. Together with his second wife Ellen, he spent his time in Princeton and ZĂŒrich, and died from a heart attack on December 8, 1955, while living in ZĂŒrich.
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called "God or nature," so important for
Einstein as well. ...In the end, Weyl concludes that this God "cannot and will not be comprehended" by the human mind, even though "mind is freedom within the limitations of existence; it is open toward the infinite." Nevertheless, "neither can God penetrate into man by revelation, nor man penetrate to him by mystical perception."
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507:(September 15, 1917 â March 19, 2011), both of whom were born in ZĂŒrich, Switzerland. Helene died in Princeton, New Jersey, on September 5, 1948. A memorial service in her honor was held in Princeton on September 9, 1948. Speakers at her memorial service included her son Fritz Joachim Weyl and mathematicians
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To use the apt phrase of his son
Michael, 'The Open World' (1932) contains "Hermann's dialogues with God" because here the mathematician confronts his ultimate concerns. These do not fall into the traditional religious traditions but are much closer in spirit to Spinoza's rational analysis of what he
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eventually results in an almost unbearable awkwardness. And the mathematician watches with pain the greater part of his towering edifice which he believed to be built of concrete blocks dissolve into mist before his eyes." As John L Bell puts it: "It seems to me a great pity that Weyl did not live to
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The question for the ultimate foundations and the ultimate meaning of mathematics remains open; we do not know in which direction it will find its final solution nor even whether a final objective answer can be expected at all. "Mathematizing" may well be a creative activity of man, like language or
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By 1949, Weyl was thoroughly disillusioned with the ultimate value of intuitionism, and wrote: "Mathematics with
Brouwer gains its highest intuitive clarity. He succeeds in developing the beginnings of analysis in a natural manner, all the time preserving the contact with intuition much more closely
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Hermann Weyl
Collection (AR 3344) (Sys #000195637), Leo Baeck Institute, Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011. The collection includes a typewritten document titled "Hellas letzte Krankheit" ("Hella's Last Illness"); the last sentence on page 2 of the document states:
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He alone could stand comparison with the last great universal mathematicians of the nineteenth century, Hilbert and
Poincaré. ... Now he is dead, the contact is broken, and our hopes of comprehending the physical universe by a direct use of creative mathematical imagination are for the time being
546:. They were to become close friends over time. Weyl had some sort of childless love affair with Schrödinger's wife Annemarie (Anny) Schrödinger (née Bertel), while at the same time Anny was helping raise an illegitimate daughter of Erwin's named Ruth Georgie Erica March, who was born in 1934 in
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Ruth
Georgie Erica March was born on May 30, 1934 in Oxford, England, butâaccording to the records presented hereâit appears that her birth wasn't "registered" with the British authorities until the 3rd registration quarter (the JulyâAugustâSeptember quarter) of the year 1934. Ruth's actual,
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Su-Yang Xu; Ilya
Belopolski; Nasser Alidoust; Madhab Neupane; Guang Bian; Chenglong Zhang; Raman Sankar; Guoqing Chang; Zhujun Yuan; Chi-Cheng Lee; Shin-Ming Huang; Hao Zheng; Jie Ma; Daniel S. Sanchez; BaoKai Wang; Arun Bansil; Fangcheng Chou; Pavel P. Shibayev; Hsin Lin; Shuang Jia;
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see the emergence in the 1970s of smooth infinitesimal analysis, a mathematical framework within which his vision of a true continuum, not âsynthesizedâ from discrete elements, is realized. Although the underlying logic of smooth infinitesimal analysis is intuitionistic â the
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Whenever you have to do with a structure-endowed entity S try to determine its group of automorphisms, the group of those element-wise transformations which leave all structural relations undisturbed. You can expect to gain a deep insight into the constitution of S in this
2172:. The first sentence in this document reads as follows: "Eine Skizze, nicht so sehr von Hellas, als von unserem gemeinsamen Leben, niedergeschrieben Ende Juni 1948." ("A sketch, not so much of Hella's life as of our common life, written at the end of June 1948.")
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and Weyl, during a mathematicians' gathering in ZĂŒrich (9 February 1918), made a bet concerning the future direction of mathematics. Weyl predicted that in the subsequent 20 years, mathematicians would come to realize the total vagueness of notions such as
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that was not an aggregate of points. He wrote a controversial article proclaiming, for himself and L. E. J. Brouwer, a "revolution." This article was far more influential in propagating intuitionistic views than the original works of
Brouwer himself.
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by
Hermann Weyl. This document, which is one of the items in the Hermann Weyl Collection at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York City, was written by Hermann Weyl at the end of June 1948, about nine weeks before Helene died on September 5, 1948, in
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Weyl left ZĂŒrich in 1930 to become
Hilbert's successor at Göttingen, leaving when the Nazis assumed power in 1933, particularly as his wife was Jewish. He had been offered one of the first faculty positions at the new
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2554:, 1995. This paper describes a letter discovered by Gurevich in 1995 that documents the bet. It is said that when the friendly bet ended, the individuals gathered cited PĂłlya as the victor (with
1121:, as he had apparently earlier thought. In the last decades of his life Weyl emphasized mathematics as "symbolic construction" and moved to a position closer not only to Hilbert but to that of
840:'s criticism of his first work on the philosophy of arithmetic and was investigating the sense of mathematical and other structures, which Frege had distinguished from empirical reference.
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However, within a few years Weyl decided that Brouwer's intuitionism did put too great restrictions on mathematics, as critics had always said. The "Crisis" article had disturbed Weyl's
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was less well known. Although Weyl did not agree with Heidegger's opinion about death, his conception of neighbourhood (Umgebung) was influenced by Heidegger's Existentialism.
1257:. In spite of the fact that the views of philosophy sway from one system to another, we cannot dispense with it unless we are to convert knowledge into a meaningless chaos.
499:). It was through Helene's close connection with Husserl that Hermann became familiar with (and greatly influenced by) Husserl's thought. Hermann and Helene had two sons,
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Weyl was cremated in ZĂŒrich on December 12, 1955. His ashes remained in private hands until 1999, at which time they were interred in an outdoor columbarium vault in the
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728:. In 1912 he suggested a new proof, based on variational principles. Weyl returned to this topic several times, considered elasticity system and formulated the
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than had been done before. It cannot be denied, however, that in advancing to higher and more general theories the inapplicability of the simple laws of
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For additional information on Helene Weyl, including a bibliography of her translations, published works, and manuscripts, see the following link:
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biological father was Erwin Schrödinger (1887â1961), and her mother was Hildegunde March (nĂ©e Holzhammer) (born 1900), wife of Austrian physicist
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Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo â 1986, published for the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ZĂŒrich.
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Weyl, as a major figure in the Göttingen school, was fully apprised of Einstein's work from its early days. He tracked the development of
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were once thought to be Weyl fermions, but they are now known to have mass. Weyl fermions are sought after for electronics applications.
909:, the best extant bridge between classical and quantum physics to date. From this time, and certainly much helped by Weyl's expositions,
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Skuli Sigurdsson. "Physics, Life, and Contingency: Born, Schrödinger, and Weyl in Exile." In Mitchell G. Ash, and Alfons Söllner, eds.,
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Ideen zu einer reinen PhĂ€nomenologie und phĂ€nomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch: Allgemeine EinfĂŒhrung in die reine PhĂ€nomenologie
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on the philosophy of nature. Any answer to such a question would be unverifiable, unrelated to experience, and therefore senseless.
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836:(Ideas of a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy. First Book: General Introduction). Husserl had reacted strongly to
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608:. The remains of Hermann's son Michael Weyl (1917â2011) are interred right next to Hermann's ashes in the same columbarium vault.
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In these days the angel of topology and the devil of abstract algebra fight for the soul of each individual mathematical domain.
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not being generally affirmable â mathematics developed within avoids the âunbearable awkwardnessâ to which Weyl refers above."
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2537:(About the new foundational crisis of mathematics), H. Weyl, Springer Mathematische Zeitschrift 1921 Vol. 10, p.45 (22 pages)
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After taking a teaching post for a few years, Weyl left Göttingen in 1913 for ZĂŒrich to take the chair of mathematics at the
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were also an important influence in Weyl's late philosophy (science as a âsymbolic constructionâ). Weyl's involvement with
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After about 1928 Weyl had apparently decided that mathematical intuitionism was not compatible with his enthusiasm for the
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Sieroka, Umgebungen. Symbolischer Konstruktivismus im Anschluss an Hermann Weyl und Fritz Medicus. Chronos, ZĂŒrich 2010,
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Kilmister, C. W. (October 1980), "Zeno, Aristotle, Weyl and Shuard: two-and-a-half millennia of worries over number",
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In connection with the WeylâPĂłlya bet, a copy of the original letter together with some background can be found in:
901:, this gave the treatment familiar since about 1930. Non-compact groups and their representations, particularly the
426:, in particular, has commented that whenever he examined a mathematical topic, he found that Weyl had preceded him.
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Exact Sciences and their Philosophical Foundations. VortrÀge des Internationalen Hermann-Weyl-Kongresses, Kiel 1985
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483:(March 30, 1893 â September 5, 1948) who went by the name Helene (nickname "Hella"). Helene was a daughter of Dr.
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1125:. Weyl however rarely refers to Cassirer, and wrote only brief articles and passages articulating this position.
457:. His father, Ludwig Weyl, was a banker; whereas his mother, Anna Weyl (née Dieck), came from a wealthy family.
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wrote that Weyl alone bore comparison with the "last great universal mathematicians of the nineteenth century",
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2919:(Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 48â70.
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538:. Einstein had a lasting influence on Weyl, who became fascinated by mathematical physics. In 1921, Weyl met
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Hermann Weyl, 1885â1985, Centenary lectures delivered by C. N. Yang, R. Penrose, A. Borel, at the ETH ZĂŒrich
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Erhard Scholz; Robert Coleman; Herbert Korte; Hubert Goenner; Skuli Sigurdsson; Norbert Straumann eds.
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The structure and representation of continuous groups: Lectures at Princeton university during 1933â34
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teacher Hilbert, but later in the 1920s Weyl partially reconciled his position with that of Hilbert.
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The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics (translated from the second, revised German edition by
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music, of primary originality, whose historical decisions defy complete objective rationalization.
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Forced Migration and Scientific Change: Emigré German-Speaking Scientists and Scholars after 1933
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2224:"Ellen Lohnstein and Richard Josef BĂ€r were married on September 14, 1922 in ZĂŒrich, Switzerland"
1164:. A normal Dirac fermion could be split into two Weyl fermions or formed from two Weyl fermions.
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SingulĂ€re Integralgleichungen mit besonder BerĂŒcksichtigung des Fourierschen Integraltheorems
2588:"After 85-year search, massless particle with promise for next-generation electronics found"
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Weyl went to ETH ZĂŒrich in 1913 to fill the professorial chair vacated by the retirement of
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2446:"On a problem in the theory of groups arising in the foundations of infinitesimal geometry"
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1320:. 5 edns. to 1922 ed. with notes by JĆ«rgen Ehlers, 1980. trans. 4th edn. Henry Brose, 1922
1282:, Nachrichten der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 110â117 (1911).
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1266:â 4th edition (1922), English translation, Dover(1952) p. 10; Weylâs boldfaced highlight.
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487:(December 13, 1861 â June 10, 1934), a physician who held the position of SanitĂ€tsrat in
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of the real numbers was as meaningful as asking about truth of the basic assertions of
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Hermann Weyl's Raum â Zeit â Materie and a General Introduction to his Scientific Work
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2479:(New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009), by Arthur I. Miller (p. 228).
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that behave as Weyl fermions were discovered in 2015, in a form of crystals known as
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Beyond the knowledge gained from the individual sciences, there remains the task of
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793:) from 1918, reaching a 4th edition in 1922. In 1918, he introduced the notion of
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2703:, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Part A, Band 38, 2007, S. 84â107.
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519:(nĂ©e Lohnstein) (April 17, 1902 â July 14, 1988), who was the widow of professor
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Weyl contributed to an exceptionally wide range of fields, including works on
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2610:(2015). "Discovery of a Weyl Fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs".
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Kontinuierliche Gruppen und ihre Darstellung durch lineare Transformationen
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491:, Germany. Helene was a philosopher (she was a disciple of phenomenologist
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Mind and Nature: Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics
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These results are foundational in understanding the symmetry structure of
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2570:"Weyl Fermions Found, a Quasiparticle That Acts Like a Massless Electron"
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The Continuum : A Critical Examination of the Foundation of Analysis
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in 1940. For the academic year 1928â1929, he was a visiting professor at
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653: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1927. Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft, 2d edn. 1949.
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Weyl had been interested in philosophy since his youth, when he read
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1067:, the constructible points exist as discrete entities. Weyl wanted a
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Levels of Infinity / Selected Writings on Mathematics and Philosophy
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Bulletin of the European Association of Theoretical Computer Science
2316:. Vol. Tomo I. Bologna: N. Zanichelli. 1929. pp. 233â246.
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2548:"Platonism, Constructivism and Computer Proofs vs Proofs by Hand"
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in the compact domain are distributed according to the so-called
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Atti del Congresso internazionale dei Matematici, Bologna, 1928
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801:. Weyl's gauge theory was an unsuccessful attempt to model the
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214:
905:, were also streamlined in that specific context, in his 1927
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From 1904 to 1908, he studied mathematics and physics in both
131:
Friederike Bertha Helene Joseph (nickname "Hella") (1893â1948)
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2842:(429), The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 64, No. 429: 149â158,
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Hermann Weyl; Peter Pesic (2009-04-20). Peter Pesic (ed.).
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Hermann Weyl's cremains (ashes) are interred in an outdoor
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137: Jung, Pauli, and the Pursuit of a Scientific Obsession
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The Classical Groups. Their Invariants and Representations
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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at this location: Section 3, Block 04, Lot C1, Grave B15.
1397:
889:, which he put on a group-theoretic basis. This included
2443:
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Elsner, Bernd (2008). "Die Abiturarbeit Hermann Weyls".
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Topological groups, Lie groups and representation theory
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2580:
2505:
1566:"Ramifications, old and new, of the eigenvalue problem"
797:, and gave the first example of what is now known as a
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is of major importance in understanding the nature of
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PĂłlya, G. (1972). "Eine Erinnerung an Hermann Weyl".
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Weylâs âagens theoryâ of matter and the Zurich Fichte
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
523:(September 11, 1892 â December 15, 1940) of ZĂŒrich.
2417:
534:, who was working out the details of the theory of
402:. He was one of the first to conceive of combining
363:as well as purely mathematical disciplines such as
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312:; 9 November 1885 â 8 December 1955) was a German
1944:
1361:, Princeton 0689702078. With new introduction by
1152:In 1929, Weyl proposed an equation, known as the
824:His overall approach in physics was based on the
328:. Although much of his working life was spent in
3850:
2268:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 175â176.
1893:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
1279:Ăber die asymptotische Verteilung der Eigenwerte
1059:Weyl briefly shifted his position wholly to the
866:From 1923 to 1938, Weyl developed the theory of
736:distribution of eigenvaluesâof modern analysis.
710:Ăber die asymptotische Verteilung der Eigenwerte
2567:
2535:"Ăber die neue Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik"
3934:People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
2964:"Significance of Hermann Weyl's das Kontinuum"
2712:
1217:Year book â The American Philosophical Society
1044:. Weyl appealed in this period to the radical
740:Geometric foundations of manifolds and physics
693:
479:In September 1913, in Göttingen, Weyl married
19:"Weyl" redirects here. For other persons, see
3959:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3949:People educated at the Gymnasium Christianeum
3008:
1990:
1359:Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science
1003:
895:mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
714:On the asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues
561:and an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1936 at
2755:
1647:(English, 1922: translated from German from
1048:of the German romantic, subjective idealist
966:Harmonic analysis and analytic number theory
359:His research has had major significance for
2957:Hermann Weyl on intuition and the continuum
2821:The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870-1940
2113:. Cambridge University Press. p. 345.
1024:. He was able to develop most of classical
3015:
3001:
2912:) Springer-Verlag New York, New York, N.Y.
2510:. Princeton University Press. p. 12.
1425:The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics
1383:The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics
1350:1925. (publ. 1988 ed. K. Chandrasekharan)
732:. These works started an important domainâ
36:
2923:Weyl, Hermann (2012), Peter Pesic (ed.),
2833:
2813:, Bern; New York; Paris: Peter Lang 1988,
2783:
2740:
2623:
2461:
2433:: 7â8 of article on pp. 6â13 & p. 20.
2018:
1871:
1581:
1452:1934. "On generalized Riemann matrices,"
778:early work in topology for this purpose.
669:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:tradition of mathematics, represented by
3889:Fellows of the American Physical Society
1412:, 56, pp 330â352. â introduction of the
1396:
680:
555:International Congress of Mathematicians
503:(February 19, 1915 â July 20, 1977) and
2356:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
2195:(1948) by Fritz Joachim Weyl. See: (i)
1986:
1984:
1956:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1683:List of things named after Hermann Weyl
114:List of topics named after Hermann Weyl
3851:
2948:National Academy of Sciences biography
2197:http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/724142550
2089:
2045:
1848:
1339:Mathematische Analyse des Raumproblems
1091:, and moreover, that asking about the
2996:
2871:
2828:Emergence of the Theory of Lie Groups
2261:
2108:
1844:
1842:
1508:
1428:," London, : Methuen & Co.,
1230:
762:), which gave a unified treatment of
571:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
307:
133:Ellen BĂ€r (nĂ©e Lohnstein) (1902â1988)
3894:Foreign members of the Royal Society
3884:Institute for Advanced Study faculty
2922:
1981:
1890:(1944). "David Hilbert. 1862-1943".
1886:
1563:
1473:
1408:1929. "Elektron und Gravitation I",
1365:, Princeton University Press, 2009,
651:adding citations to reliable sources
622:
515:. In 1950. Hermann married sculptor
3587:TolmanâOppenheimerâVolkoff equation
3540:FriedmannâLemaĂźtreâRobertsonâWalker
2444:Robertson, H. P.; Weyl, H. (1929).
1932:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1160:. This equation describes massless
1000:. It was developed by many others.
468:. His doctorate was awarded at the
13:
3904:20th-century German mathematicians
2796:
2690:in Hopos, Band 3, 2013, S. 164â168
2134:UniversitÀt ZƩrich Matrikeledition
2051:"An Interview With Michael Atiyah"
1996:"Prof. Hermann Weyl, For.Mem.R.S."
1839:
1378:Gruppentheorie und Quantenmechanik
1176:, a type of topological material.
1156:, for use in a replacement to the
988:, which was a fundamental step in
553:Weyl was a Plenary Speaker of the
14:
3970:
3357:HamiltonâJacobiâEinstein equation
2941:
1248:Princeton Univ. Press, p144; 1952
917:became a mainstream part both of
565:. He was elected a fellow of the
3954:20th-century German philosophers
3835:
3834:
2809:Deppert, Wolfgang et al., eds.,
2720:Die Idee der Riemannschen FlÀche
2568:Charles Q. Choi (16 July 2015).
1929:: entry by James Ladyman in the
1656:
1637:
1622:
1291:The Concept of a Riemann Surface
1287:Die Idee der Riemannschen FlÄche
1141:
760:The Concept of a Riemann Surface
756:Die Idee der Riemannschen FlÀche
627:
618:
284:
16:German mathematician (1885â1955)
2785:10.1090/s0002-9904-1940-07236-2
2749:
2742:10.1090/s0002-9904-1914-02505-4
2706:
2693:
2676:
2664:
2540:
2528:
2499:
2482:
2470:
2463:10.1090/S0002-9904-1929-04801-8
2437:
2411:
2393:
2369:
2344:
2330:
2298:
2282:
2255:
2242:
2216:
2205:
2186:
2175:
2150:
2138:
2127:
1824:on the "very weak" form of the
1677:Topics named after Hermann Weyl
1583:10.1090/S0002-9904-1950-09369-0
1553:rept. 1998 Princeton U. Press.
1461:Elementary Theory of Invariants
1270:
704:Weyl law § Weyl conjecture
638:needs additional citations for
481:Friederike Bertha Helene Joseph
3944:University of Göttingen alumni
3164:Massâenergy equivalence (E=mc)
3022:
2984:Works by or about Hermann Weyl
2102:
2083:
2056:The Mathematical Intelligencer
2039:
1966:
1938:
1920:
1880:
1598:. Princeton University Press.
1435:Yale, rept. 1989 Oxbow Press
1380:. transl. by H. P. Robertson,
832:, specifically Husserl's 1913
716:) in which he proved that the
575:American Philosophical Society
530:, where he was a colleague of
1:
3869:Burials at Princeton Cemetery
2265:Schrödinger: Life and Thought
1977:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1832:
1528:10.1215/S0012-7094-39-00540-5
1326:, Methuen, rept. 1952 Dover.
1179:
878:case he proved a fundamental
809:as geometrical properties of
577:in 1935, and a member of the
3879:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
2682:Rezension von Sierokas Buch
2405:National Academy of Sciences
1608:1968. in K. Chandrasekharan
1012:Weyl developed the logic of
976:Weyl also showed how to use
595:Institute for Advanced Study
579:National Academy of Sciences
429:
369:Institute for Advanced Study
340:, he is associated with the
200:Institute for Advanced Study
7:
3939:German relativity theorists
3179:Relativistic Doppler effect
2830:, New York: Springer, 2000.
1671:
1589:Josiah Wilard Gibbs Lecture
1551:Algebraic Theory of Numbers
1352:Riemann's Geometrische Idee
992:. This work applied to the
694:Distribution of eigenvalues
476:, whom he greatly admired.
265:Other notable students
155:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
3975:
3650:In computational physics:
3174:Relativity of simultaneity
2201:http://d-nb.info/993224164
1733:relativistic wave equation
1680:
1485:Princeton University Press
1386:, 1931, rept. 1950 Dover.
1145:
1097:least upper bound property
1028:, while using neither the
1016:using the lower levels of
1004:Foundations of mathematics
986:uniform distribution mod 1
969:
897:, in large measure due to
847:
743:
697:
190:Foundations of Mathematics
18:
3832:
3664:
3529:
3501:
3487:LenseâThirring precession
3370:
3319:
3281:
3260:
3249:
3207:
3151:
3135:
3077:
3069:Doubly special relativity
3041:
3030:
2874:Mathematische Zeitschrift
2423:"Princeton & Physics"
2158:"In Memoriam Helene Weyl"
2111:Remarkable Mathematicians
1854:"Hermann Weyl. 1885-1955"
1784:: see Weyl transformation
1515:Duke Mathematical Journal
1449:U. of Pennsylvania Press.
1199:
1055:Shortly after publishing
984:, with his criterion for
982:diophantine approximation
573:in 1929, a member of the
569:in 1928, a member of the
567:American Physical Society
472:under the supervision of
434:Hermann Weyl was born in
283:
278:
274:
264:
243:
231:
213:
195:
177:
170:
150:
137:
127:
109:
95:
73:
44:
35:
28:
3347:Post-Newtonian formalism
3337:Einstein field equations
3273:Mathematical formulation
3097:Hyperbolic orthogonality
2904:(Oberwolfach Seminars) (
2836:The Mathematical Gazette
2802:ed. K. Chandrasekharan,
1961:University of St Andrews
1022:ramified theory of types
754:In 1913, Weyl published
685:Hermann Weyl (left) and
371:during its early years.
146:Michael Weyl (1917â2011)
118:Ontic structural realism
3914:German number theorists
3058:Galilean transformation
3049:Principle of relativity
2823:. Princeton Uni. Press.
2642:10.1126/science.aaa9297
2427:Princeton Alumni Weekly
2193:In Memoriam Helene Weyl
1614:Gesammelte Abhandlungen
1512:(1939b), "Invariants",
1213:Gesammelte Abhandlungen
708:In 1911 Weyl published
470:University of Göttingen
342:University of Göttingen
295:Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl
204:University of Göttingen
104:University of Göttingen
49:Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl
3874:Differential geometers
3143:Lorentz transformation
2262:Moore, Walter (1989).
1906:10.1098/rsbm.1944.0006
1873:10.1098/rsbm.1957.0021
1724:Weyl character formula
1630:Temps, espace, matiĂšre
1570:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.
1564:Weyl, Hermann (1950),
1406:
1136:law of excluded middle
1034:proof by contradiction
998:additive number theory
990:analytic number theory
872:matrix representations
766:. In it Weyl utilized
690:
400:history of mathematics
3611:WeylâLewisâPapapetrou
3352:Raychaudhuri equation
3291:Equivalence principle
2975:Works by Hermann Weyl
2817:Ivor Grattan-Guinness
2772:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2729:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2672:Verlagsseite zum Buch
2450:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2250:Carl Friedrich Geiser
2170:Princeton, New Jersey
1803:WeylâSchouten theorem
1664:Raum - Zeit - Materie
1400:
994:Riemann zeta function
970:Further information:
954:and results on their
944:general linear groups
813:. The Weyl tensor in
803:electromagnetic field
744:Further information:
698:Further information:
684:
599:Princeton, New Jersey
338:Princeton, New Jersey
318:theoretical physicist
256:Julius Adams Stratton
3929:People from Elmshorn
3652:Numerical relativity
3493:pulsar timing arrays
2970:Hermann Weyl Website
2763:The Classical Groups
2558:not in concurrence).
2421:(24 February 1961).
2381:search.amphilsoc.org
2377:"APS Member History"
2338:"APS Fellow Archive"
2230:on December 22, 2015
2109:James, Ioan (2002).
1947:Robertson, Edmund F.
1927:"Structural Realism"
1690:MajoranaâWeyl spinor
1014:predicative analysis
931:The Classical Groups
893:. Together with the
647:improve this article
583:Princeton University
544:University of ZĂŒrich
497:José Ortega y Gasset
438:, a small town near
346:Carl Friedrich Gauss
186:Mathematical physics
100:University of Munich
3899:German male writers
3544:Friedmann equations
3438:HulseâTaylor binary
3400:Gravitational waves
3296:Riemannian geometry
3122:Proper acceleration
3107:Maxwell's equations
3053:Galilean relativity
2968:Straub, William O.
2962:Feferman, Solomon.
2634:2015Sci...349..613X
2419:Shenstone, Allen G.
2011:1956Natur.177..457D
1945:O'Connor, John J.;
1798:Weyl transformation
1645:Space, Time, Matter
1616:. Vol IV. Springer.
1403:Howard P. Robertson
1317:Raum, Zeit, Materie
923:theoretical physics
815:Riemannian geometry
807:gravitational field
791:Space, Time, Matter
787:Raum, Zeit, Materie
746:Weyl transformation
587:Howard P. Robertson
446:, and attended the
361:theoretical physics
251:Alexander Weinstein
3919:Linear algebraists
3593:ReissnerâNordström
3511:BransâDicke theory
3342:Linearized gravity
3169:Length contraction
3087:Frame of reference
3064:Special relativity
2886:10.1007/BF01110732
2494:Princeton Cemetery
2182:WashingtonPost.com
2163:2020-02-05 at the
2069:10.1007/BF03024202
1700:SchurâWeyl duality
1695:PeterâWeyl theorem
1410:Zeitschrift Physik
1407:
1095:or falsity of the
850:PeterâWeyl theorem
819:conformal geometry
776:L. E. J. Brouwer's
768:point set topology
691:
606:Princeton Cemetery
536:general relativity
501:Fritz Joachim Weyl
404:general relativity
142:Fritz Joachim Weyl
3846:
3845:
3660:
3659:
3639:OzsvĂĄthâSchĂŒcking
3245:
3244:
3227:Minkowski diagram
3184:Thomas precession
3127:Relativistic mass
2979:Project Gutenberg
2934:978-0-486-48903-2
2618:(6248): 613â617.
2212:artist-finder.com
2120:978-0-521-52094-2
2005:(4506): 457â458.
1994:(10 March 1956).
1763:Weyl quantization
1494:978-0-691-05756-9
1371:978-0-691-14120-6
1323:Space Time Matter
1293:. AddisonâWesley.
1264:Space-Time-Matter
952:symplectic groups
948:orthogonal groups
907:Weyl quantization
887:quantum mechanics
880:character formula
876:compact Lie group
679:
678:
671:
557:(ICM) in 1928 at
540:Erwin Schrödinger
521:Richard Josef BĂ€r
489:Ribnitz-Damgarten
406:with the laws of
354:Hermann Minkowski
292:
291:
269:Saunders Mac Lane
244:Doctoral students
172:Scientific career
159:Lobachevsky Prize
3966:
3838:
3837:
3621:van Stockum dust
3393:Two-body problem
3311:Mach's principle
3258:
3257:
3199:Terrell rotation
3039:
3038:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2988:Internet Archive
2937:
2897:
2867:
2826:Thomas Hawkins,
2790:
2789:
2787:
2769:
2765:by Hermann Weyl"
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2726:
2722:by Hermann Weyl"
2710:
2704:
2697:
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2596:
2595:
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2546:Gurevich, Yuri.
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2235:
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1878:
1877:
1875:
1850:Newman, M. H. A.
1846:
1826:Laplace equation
1808:Weyl's criterion
1660:
1641:
1626:
1586:
1585:
1546:
1505:
1346:Was ist Materie?
1194:Martin Heidegger
1115:phenomenological
1018:Bertrand Russell
978:exponential sums
972:Weyl's criterion
940:symmetric groups
936:invariant theory
919:pure mathematics
903:Heisenberg group
899:John von Neumann
826:phenomenological
764:Riemann surfaces
674:
667:
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408:electromagnetism
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233:Doctoral advisor
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182:Pure mathematics
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3560:BKL singularity
3550:LemaĂźtreâTolman
3525:
3521:Quantum gravity
3503:
3497:
3483:geodetic effect
3457:(together with
3427:LISA Pathfinder
3366:
3315:
3301:Penrose diagram
3283:
3277:
3252:
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3237:Minkowski space
3203:
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2848:10.2307/3615116
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2797:Further reading
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2594:. 16 July 2015.
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2047:Atiyah, Michael
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1900:(13): 547â553.
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1777:exponential sum
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1447:Mind and Nature
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1174:Weyl semimetals
1150:
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1131:classical logic
1063:of Brouwer. In
1036:, and avoiding
1030:axiom of choice
1006:
974:
968:
960:representations
864:
848:Main articles:
846:
785:physics in his
752:
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730:Weyl conjecture
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532:Albert Einstein
513:Richard Courant
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3459:Einstein cross
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1738:Weyl expansion
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1714:gamma matrices
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1681:Main article:
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1190:Ernst Cassirer
1181:
1178:
1170:Quasiparticles
1158:Dirac equation
1146:Main article:
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1117:philosophy of
1046:constructivism
1005:
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828:philosophy of
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1454:Ann. Math. 35
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1363:Frank Wilczek
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1298:Das Kontinuum
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1186:Immanuel Kant
1177:
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1154:Weyl equation
1149:
1148:Weyl equation
1142:Weyl equation
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1065:The Continuum
1062:
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1057:The Continuum
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1047:
1043:
1042:infinite sets
1039:
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1010:The Continuum
1001:
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996:, as well as
995:
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938:. It covered
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934:reconsidered
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838:Gottlob Frege
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659:February 2017
652:
648:
642:
641:
636:This section
634:
630:
625:
624:
619:Contributions
616:
614:
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510:
509:Oswald Veblen
506:
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474:David Hilbert
471:
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413:
412:Freeman Dyson
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365:number theory
362:
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350:David Hilbert
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314:mathematician
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238:David Hilbert
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164:Gibbs Lecture
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67:German Empire
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3516:KaluzaâKlein
3268:Introduction
3194:Twin paradox
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2757:Jacobson, N.
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2395:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2360:. Retrieved
2358:. 2023-02-09
2355:
2346:
2332:
2313:
2310:von H. Weyl"
2307:
2300:
2293:Arthur March
2284:
2264:
2257:
2244:
2234:December 18,
2232:. Retrieved
2228:the original
2218:
2207:
2192:
2188:
2177:
2152:
2140:
2129:
2110:
2104:
2095:
2092:Christianeum
2091:
2085:
2060:
2054:
2041:
2032:
2002:
1998:
1973:Hermann Weyl
1968:
1954:
1940:
1930:
1922:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1863:
1857:
1822:Weyl's lemma
1813:Weyl's lemma
1775:, a type of
1753:Weyl gravity
1743:Weyl fermion
1719:Weyl chamber
1705:Weyl algebra
1663:
1644:
1629:
1613:
1609:
1595:
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1301:
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1277:
1271:Bibliography
1263:
1254:
1245:
1216:
1212:
1183:
1151:
1127:
1112:
1105:
1089:countability
1081:real numbers
1076:George PĂłlya
1074:
1064:
1061:intuitionism
1056:
1054:
1038:Georg Cantor
1009:
1007:
975:
929:
927:
915:Lie algebras
884:
865:
862:Weyl algebra
833:
823:
799:gauge theory
790:
786:
780:
759:
755:
753:
713:
709:
707:
687:Ernst Peschl
665:
656:
645:Please help
640:verification
637:
610:
603:
591:
552:
525:
505:Michael Weyl
485:Bruno Joseph
478:
459:
451:Christianeum
433:
373:
358:
294:
293:
219:
196:Institutions
171:
79:(1955-12-08)
30:Hermann Weyl
3864:1955 deaths
3859:1885 births
3605:KerrâNewman
3576:Spherical:
3445:Other tests
3388:Singularity
3320:Formulation
3282:Fundamental
3136:Formulation
3117:Proper time
3078:Fundamental
2490:columbarium
1866:: 305â328.
1788:Weyl tensor
1768:Weyl spinor
1289:, 2d 1955.
1231:Weyl (1939b
858:Weyl spinor
750:Weyl tensor
718:eigenvalues
611:Weyl was a
550:, England.
336:, and then
334:Switzerland
326:philosopher
144:(1915â1977)
89:Switzerland
3924:Pantheists
3853:Categories
3757:Zel'dovich
3665:Scientists
3644:Alcubierre
3451:of Mercury
3449:precession
3378:Black hole
3261:Background
3253:relativity
3222:World line
3217:Light cone
3042:Background
3034:relativity
3024:Relativity
2684:Umgebungen
2625:1502.03807
2556:Kurt Gödel
2386:2023-06-05
2362:2023-06-05
2098:(1): 3â15.
1833:References
1748:Weyl gauge
1710:Weyl basis
1456:: 400â415.
1180:Philosophy
956:invariants
911:Lie groups
854:Weyl group
783:relativity
734:asymptotic
528:ETH ZĂŒrich
388:philosophy
208:ETH ZĂŒrich
55:1885-11-09
3727:Robertson
3712:Friedmann
3707:Eddington
3697:de Sitter
3531:Solutions
3409:detectors
3404:astronomy
3371:Phenomena
3306:Geodesics
3209:Spacetime
3152:Phenomena
2927:, Dover,
2894:118945480
2864:125725659
2761:"Review:
2718:"Review:
2699:Sieroka:
2658:206636457
2199:and (ii)
2077:140298726
2063:(1): 19.
2029:216075495
1914:161435959
1536:0012-7094
1233:, p. 500)
1166:Neutrinos
1108:formalist
1069:continuum
928:His book
874:. In the
811:spacetime
772:manifolds
722:Laplacian
613:pantheist
517:Ellen BĂ€r
462:Göttingen
448:Gymnasium
430:Biography
279:Signature
3840:Category
3717:LemaĂźtre
3682:Einstein
3672:Poincaré
3632:Others:
3616:TaubâNUT
3582:interior
3504:theories
3502:Advanced
3469:redshift
3284:concepts
3102:Rapidity
3080:concepts
2819:, 2000.
2759:(1940).
2716:(1914).
2650:26184916
2161:Archived
2049:(1984).
1888:Weyl, H.
1852:(1957).
1773:Weyl sum
1672:See also
1596:Symmetry
1477:(1939),
1414:vierbein
1246:Symmetry
1162:fermions
1026:calculus
805:and the
726:Weyl law
700:Weyl law
436:Elmshorn
416:Poincaré
398:and the
396:symmetry
322:logician
300:ForMemRS
138:Children
122:Wormhole
63:Elmshorn
3782:Hawking
3777:Penrose
3762:Novikov
3742:Wheeler
3687:Hilbert
3677:Lorentz
3634:pp-wave
3455:lensing
3251:General
3032:Special
2986:at the
2856:3615116
2630:Bibcode
2612:Science
2576:. IEEE.
2007:Bibcode
1975:at the
1712:of the
1544:0000030
1503:0000255
1285:1913.
1119:Husserl
891:spinors
720:of the
689:(right)
559:Bologna
444:Germany
440:Hamburg
420:Hilbert
305:German:
128:Spouses
3823:others
3812:Thorne
3802:Misner
3787:Taylor
3772:Geroch
3767:Ehlers
3737:Zwicky
3555:Kasner
2931:
2908:
2892:
2862:
2854:
2656:
2648:
2514:
2320:
2272:
2117:
2075:
2034:ended.
2027:
1999:Nature
1912:
1602:
1594:1952.
1557:
1549:1940.
1542:
1534:
1501:
1491:
1466:1935.
1459:1935.
1445:1934.
1439:
1431:1933.
1422:1931:
1390:
1376:1928.
1369:
1344:1924.
1337:1923.
1330:
1314:1918.
1308:
1296:1918.
1276:1911.
1200:Quotes
1087:, and
1050:Fichte
950:, and
860:, and
548:Oxford
466:Munich
455:Altona
384:matter
330:ZĂŒrich
226:(1908)
224:
215:Thesis
178:Fields
166:(1948)
161:(1927)
151:Awards
85:ZĂŒrich
3817:Weiss
3797:Bondi
3792:Hulse
3722:Milne
3626:discs
3570:Milne
3565:Gödel
3422:Virgo
2890:S2CID
2860:S2CID
2852:JSTOR
2768:(PDF)
2725:(PDF)
2654:S2CID
2620:arXiv
2073:S2CID
2025:S2CID
1910:S2CID
1416:into
1101:Hegel
1093:truth
795:gauge
442:, in
392:logic
376:space
3752:Kerr
3702:Weyl
3601:Kerr
3461:and
3415:and
3413:LIGO
2929:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2686:von
2646:PMID
2512:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2236:2015
2115:ISBN
1731:, a
1600:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1532:ISSN
1489:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1388:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1239:way.
1085:sets
1032:nor
958:and
921:and
913:and
821:.
748:and
702:and
563:Oslo
511:and
464:and
418:and
380:time
352:and
324:and
74:Died
45:Born
3807:Yau
3432:GEO
2977:at
2882:doi
2878:126
2844:doi
2780:doi
2737:doi
2638:doi
2616:349
2458:doi
2065:doi
2015:doi
2003:177
1902:doi
1868:doi
1815:on
1578:doi
1524:doi
1040:'s
1020:'s
1008:In
980:in
649:by
597:in
453:in
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2013:.
2001:.
1983:^
1959:,
1953:,
1949:,
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1841:^
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1574:56
1572:,
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1530:,
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1497:,
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