33:
296:(Sharett), Kallenbach visited Gandhi in May 1937 to enlist his sympathy and support for Zionism. The architect once again became a simple man, participating in all the activities of Gandhi's ashram life. Kallenbach wrote, "I join the whole programme. ... It is 'almost' as the old joint life, as if the 23 years, with all the events that affected millions of people, had disappeared." Kallenbach disagreed with Gandhi over Zionism and the need to violently resist Hitler. Nevertheless, Kallenbach continued his deep friendship with Gandhi, visiting him again in 1939.
190:
169:
344:, a cultural historian, as claiming: "They were a couple." This statement has proven controversial. Nevertheless, Gandhi's correspondence with Kallenbach shows the deep mutual respect they had for each other, and how they had affected each other's ideas. The Indian Government purchased the Gandhi-Kallenbach Archives to prevent their auction by
160:, where he practiced as an architect and became a South African citizen. A skilled ice-skater, swimmer, cyclist, and gymnast, and successful architect, Kallenbach acquired considerable property in South Africa. Yet a major transformation in his life took place after he met Mahatma Gandhi.
244:
on their final voyage from South Africa to London in 1914. Gandhi and
Kallenbach used to call each other "Upper House" and "Lower House" respectively, the Lower House being a metaphor for preparing the budget, and the Upper House for vetoing it.
444:
518:
719:
348:
in July 2012. The Indian government' has stated that the purchase of the private correspondence of their cultural and socio-philosophical leader was to prevent it from being auctioned for profit.
319:
Kallenbach was one of the foremost associates and friends of Gandhi, devoting a major part of his life to following his principles and ideals. Gandhi has frequently mentioned him in his
355:, "Soulmates: The Story of Mahatma Gandhi and Hermann Kallenbach," (Orient BlakSwan, 2012) depicts the relationships between the two idealists, and Gandhi's attitude towards Zionism.
128:. Kallenbach was introduced to the young Mohandas Gandhi while they were both working in South Africa and, after a series of discussions, they developed a long-lasting association.
448:
947:
757:
148:
teacher and, later, a timber merchant. Hermann's childhood centered on education, sports and friendships with the village youth. He would later study architecture in
575:
182:
and equality among human beings and became his friend and a dedicated devotee. In Gandhi's words, they became "soulmates" and, for a time, shared what is now called
369:
176:
In 1904 he met Gandhi, who was then working in South Africa. They had long discussions on religious and other issues. He was highly influenced by Gandhi's ideas of
217:
as he was deeply influenced by
Tolstoy's writings and philosophy. On this farm, Kallenbach abandoned the life of a wealthy, sport-loving bachelor, adopting the
269:
from 1915 until 1917. After the war he returned to South Africa, where he resumed his work as an architect and continued to correspond with Gandhi. The rise of
332:
492:
528:
729:
330:, the daughter of his niece Hanna Lazar and Christian Bartolf, depicts Kallenbach's personality and his friendship with Gandhi very deeply. In his book,
2172:
292:). He wanted society there to involve no state, military, or industry, in order to avoid colonialism through Zionist settlements. At the request of
225:
and equality politics of Gandhi. Henry Polak was another close friend and follower of Gandhi. Kallenbach was associated with Gandhi throughout the
693:
1878:
1529:
1918:
1571:
124:(1 March 1871 – 25 March 1945) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish South African architect who was one of the foremost friends and associates of
1903:
327:
2167:
1953:
1908:
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226:
1923:
2102:
1943:
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900:
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1948:
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320:
806:
323:, where he explains how Kallenbach was his 'soulmate' in the early days of the development of his personality and ideology.
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1933:
630:
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and served on the
Executive Board of the South African Zionist Federation and planned to settle in Palestine ("
608:
470:
201:
In 1910 Kallenbach, then a rich man, donated to Gandhi a 1,100-acre (4.5 km) farm belonging to him near
2197:
2152:
1589:
1203:
838:
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in 1913 over the "moral lapse" of two inmates. Also, Kallenbach acted as a manager during Gandhi's 1907–13
2087:
137:
63:
2187:
2157:
1310:
374:
2012:
2007:
1562:
2147:
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1418:
890:
697:
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1981:
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383:
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1986:
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1099:
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905:
870:
550:
308:, but the bulk was left for the benefit of Zionism. His large collection of books went to the
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1493:
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1358:
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1037:
1001:
964:
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403:
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93:
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movement in South Africa culminating in the 1913 Epic March. He also accompanied Gandhi and
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32:
8:
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144:) as the third eldest out of seven children. His father, Kalman Leib Kallenbach, was a
1725:
783:
471:"Who was Hermann kallenbach? – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"
1835:
1649:
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1453:
1413:
1368:
1331:
1149:
1074:
981:
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812:
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2027:
1755:
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1508:
1473:
1237:
996:
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416:
183:
253:
Kallenbach planned to accompany Gandhi to India in 1914, but with the outbreak of
2002:
1810:
1770:
1715:
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1971:
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1478:
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991:
854:
382:
On 2 October 2015, Gandhi's 146th birth anniversary, Lithuanian Prime
Minister
285:
141:
125:
67:
41:
37:
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2047:
2032:
2017:
1800:
1795:
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1614:
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1393:
1337:
1317:
1193:
915:
816:
637:
408:
364:
341:
293:
222:
218:
229:(non-violent resistance) struggle, which lasted in South Africa until 1914.
1830:
1815:
1775:
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1503:
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910:
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206:
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104:
85:
304:
Kallenbach died in 1945. He left a portion of his considerable estate for
186:. This was a house designed by Kallenbach for them both to live together.
2082:
1745:
1740:
1659:
1408:
1353:
1242:
1232:
1186:
1142:
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shocked
Kallenbach into a rediscovery of his Jewish roots. He became a
1820:
1634:
1534:
1373:
1089:
1069:
959:
922:
794:
352:
178:
189:
1302:
1064:
1059:
954:
519:"For Gandhi, Kallenbach was a friend and guide | Ahmedabad News"
421:
168:
149:
232:
Kallenbach also accompanied Gandhi in his first penitential fast at
1443:
1265:
1222:
1042:
1006:
799:
Soulmates : the story of
Mahatma Gandhi and Hermann Kallenbach
758:"Lithuania to mark Gandhi Jayanti with new monument to the Mahatma"
391:
1217:
823:
281:
1260:
1182:
1079:
289:
270:
153:
145:
1227:
172:
The house that
Kallenbach designed for himself and Gandhi.
661:
Christian
Bartolf and Isa Sarid: Hermann Kallenbach, 1997
156:. In 1896, he went to South Africa to join his uncles in
333:
Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His
Struggle With India
193:
Kallenbach, Gandhi (sitting, 4th & 5th f.r.) and
720:"India buys Gandhi archive to prevent its auction"
673:"pareltank: Mahatma Gandhi and Hermann Kallenbach"
2129:
609:"Who was Hermann kallenbach? – Lifestyle – DNA"
696:Hindustan Times. 30 March 2011. Archived from
390:unveiled a statue of Kallenbach and Gandhi in
326:A biography of Hermann Kallenbach, written by
163:
839:
386:and Indian Minister of State for Agriculture
351:A recent book by the writer and photographer
439:
437:
603:
601:
213:. Kallenbach himself named this farm after
205:. The farm was used to run Gandhi's famous
846:
832:
790:1979, Vol. 57 Issue 2/3, pp. 431–440.
784:Tolstoy Farm, A Satyagrahi's Battle Ground
312:, and his cremated remains were buried at
31:
434:
2173:Immigrants to the South African Republic
598:
551:"Associates of Gandhi : Kallenbach"
188:
167:
671:.j, Kochuthresiamma P. (31 July 2009).
576:"Gandhiji's Associates in South Africa"
2130:
2078:Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale
1130:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
495:. City of Johannesburg. Archived from
261:at detention camps and shifted to the
827:
485:
115:Lithuanian born Jewish South African
2073:Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
793:
299:
16:South African architect (1871–1945)
13:
853:
776:
670:
14:
2209:
2168:Emigrants from the Russian Empire
1977:International Day of Non-Violence
1874:National Salt Satyagraha Memorial
1248:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
2043:Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai
1560:Indian currency (Gandhi Series,
801:. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
750:
736:
712:
686:
664:
527:. 31 March 2011. Archived from
493:"Serene Satyagraha House opens"
404:Charles Freer (Charlie) Andrews
248:
136:Kallenbach was born in 1871 in
2183:20th-century German architects
1555:Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith
1116:Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)
728:. 10 July 2012. Archived from
655:
623:
568:
543:
511:
463:
310:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
140:, Lithuania (then part of the
1:
1572:Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp
948:Second Round Table Conference
427:
131:
982:Gujarat Vidyapith University
896:Indian independence movement
611:. Dnaindia.com. 3 April 2011
209:that housed the families of
7:
2088:Mohandas Gandhi High School
1670:Leela (great-granddaughter)
1469:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
631:"India's National Archives"
397:
368:, Kallenbach was played by
164:With Gandhi in South Africa
10:
2214:
1590:Karamchand Gandhi (father)
1311:Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram
788:Journal of Indian History,
555:www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org
1995:
1964:
1853:
1844:
1678:
1580:
1522:
1346:
1168:
1098:
1025:
861:
580:www.gandhi-manibhavan.org
111:
100:
74:
49:
30:
23:
2163:South African architects
2103:Roads named after Gandhi
1419:Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri
901:Non-cooperation movement
257:, he was interned as an
44:, and Kallenbach in 1913
1731:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1665:Tushar (great-grandson)
1645:Gopalkrishna (grandson)
1545:Gandhi Peace Foundation
1384:Brij Krishna Chandiwala
278:anti-Semitic propaganda
2193:South African Zionists
2093:National Gandhi Museum
2068:Mahatma Gandhi College
2053:Gandhi Temple, Bhatara
1987:Season for Nonviolence
1786:Maria Lacerda de Moura
1781:Martin Luther King Jr.
1160:Gandhi Heritage Portal
992:India ashrams (Kochrab
906:Chauri Chaura incident
871:Indian Ambulance Corps
198:
173:
1650:Ramchandra (grandson)
1494:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1484:Anugrah Narayan Sinha
1254:The Masque of Anarchy
1038:Composite nationalism
1033:Practices and beliefs
965:Natal Indian Congress
306:South African Indians
192:
171:
94:Union of South Africa
1514:Kishorlal Mashruwala
1303:Gandhi's translation
928:Dharasana Satyagraha
886:Champaran Satyagraha
384:Algirdas Butkevičius
370:Günther Maria Halmer
360:Richard Attenborough
2198:Lithuanian Zionists
2153:Art Deco architects
2058:Kaba Gandhi No Delo
1766:Lal Bahadur Shastri
1736:Govind Vallabh Pant
1640:Rajmohan (grandson)
1635:Ela (granddaughter)
1530:Artistic depictions
1389:Sudhakar Chaturvedi
1286:Henry Stephens Salt
1271:Sermon on the Mount
1200:Henry David Thoreau
1177:A Letter to a Hindu
987:Harijan Sevak Sangh
760:. 30 September 2015
388:Mohanbhai Kundariya
138:Žemaičių Naumiestis
1711:C. Rajagopalachari
1706:Brajkishore Prasad
1701:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1660:Kanu (grandnephew)
1563:Gandhi New Series,
1550:Gandhi Peace Prize
1540:Gandhi Peace Award
1434:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1429:Hermann Kallenbach
1404:Dada Dharmadhikari
1281:Shrimad Rajchandra
1213:Civil disobedience
1205:Civil Disobedience
881:Bardoli Satyagraha
725:The Times of India
694:"Truth be told..."
524:The Times of India
199:
174:
122:Hermann Kallenbach
25:Hermann Kallenbach
2188:Burials in Israel
2158:Jewish architects
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
1904:Parliament Square
1836:Vallabhbhai Patel
1625:Samaldas (nephew)
1620:Maganlal (cousin)
1489:Sri Krishna Sinha
1454:Vallabhbhai Patel
1439:Acharya Kripalani
1414:Shiv Prasad Gupta
1369:Shankarlal Banker
1332:Vaishnava Jana To
1150:Seven Social Sins
943:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
933:Vaikom Satyagraha
808:978-81-250-4699-8
782:Surendra Bhana, "
700:on 30 August 2011
445:"Artefacts.co.za"
119:
118:
2205:
2113:Satyagraha House
2108:Sabarmati Ashram
2028:Gandhi Promenade
1954:Washington, D.C.
1909:Tavistock Square
1894:Pietermaritzburg
1851:
1850:
1756:Jawaharlal Nehru
1691:Aung San Suu Kyi
1509:Ravishankar Vyas
1474:Bibi Amtus Salam
1238:Parsee Rustomjee
938:Aundh Experiment
891:Kheda Satyagraha
848:
841:
834:
825:
824:
820:
770:
769:
767:
765:
754:
748:
740:
734:
733:
732:on 12 July 2012.
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
668:
662:
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
642:
636:. Archived from
635:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
605:
596:
595:
593:
591:
586:on 26 April 2016
582:. Archived from
572:
566:
565:
563:
561:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
515:
509:
508:
506:
504:
489:
483:
482:
480:
478:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
451:on 27 April 2016
447:. Archived from
441:
417:Totaram Sanadhya
378:
300:Death and legacy
219:simple lifestyle
184:Satyagraha House
81:
59:
57:
35:
21:
20:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2148:Lithuanian Jews
2128:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2038:Gandhi Memorial
2013:Gandhi Mandapam
2003:Aga Khan Palace
1991:
1960:
1840:
1811:Rajendra Prasad
1771:Lanza del Vasto
1726:François Bayrou
1716:Eknath Easwaran
1686:14th Dalai Lama
1674:
1655:Kanu (grandson)
1630:Arun (grandson)
1595:Kasturba (wife)
1576:
1518:
1449:Mohanlal Pandya
1424:J. C. Kumarappa
1342:
1164:
1155:Navajivan Trust
1094:
1021:
863:
857:
852:
809:
779:
777:Further reading
774:
773:
763:
761:
756:
755:
751:
741:
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718:
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713:
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691:
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646:
644:
643:on 4 March 2016
640:
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430:
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372:
338:Joseph Lelyveld
314:Kibbutz Degania
302:
267:prisoner of war
251:
223:vegetarian diet
166:
134:
105:Kibbutz Degania
96:
83:
79:
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61:
55:
53:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2020:
2015:
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1984:
1979:
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1972:Gandhi Jayanti
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1848:
1842:
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1828:
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1813:
1808:
1806:Nelson Mandela
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Mehdi Bazargan
1788:
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1761:Joan Bondurant
1758:
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1721:Draupadi Murmu
1718:
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1499:V. A. Sundaram
1496:
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1479:Sonja Schlesin
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1464:Mithuben Petit
1461:
1459:Narhari Parikh
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1364:Jamnalal Bajaj
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1328:
1325:Hari Tuma Haro
1321:
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1297:Unto This Last
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1137:Mangal Prabhat
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1123:Indian Opinion
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855:Mahatma Gandhi
851:
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843:
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828:
822:
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807:
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567:
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510:
499:on 8 July 2015
484:
473:. 3 April 2011
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142:Russian Empire
133:
130:
126:Mahatma Gandhi
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102:
98:
97:
84:
82:(aged 74)
76:
72:
71:
68:Russian Empire
62:
51:
47:
46:
42:Sonja Schlesin
38:Mahatma Gandhi
36:
28:
27:
24:
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9:
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2048:Gandhi Teerth
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2036:
2034:
2033:Gandhi Smriti
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Gandhi Market
2016:
2014:
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2009:
2008:Gandhi Bhawan
2006:
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1885:South Africa
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1399:Mahadev Desai
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1394:Jugatram Dave
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1359:C. F. Andrews
1357:
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1349:
1345:
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1338:Vegetarianism
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1318:Ekla Chalo Re
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1194:Bhagavad Gita
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1024:
1018:
1017:Assassination
1015:
1013:
1012:List of fasts
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Sodepur Khadi
1000:
998:
995:
993:
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988:
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897:
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892:
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877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
864:and movements
860:
856:
849:
844:
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829:
826:
818:
814:
810:
804:
800:
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610:
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546:
531:on 3 May 2012
530:
526:
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395:
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389:
385:
380:
376:
371:
367:
366:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
342:Tridip Suhrud
339:
335:
334:
329:
324:
322:
321:autobiography
317:
315:
311:
307:
297:
295:
294:Moshe Shertok
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
197:members, 1910
196:
191:
187:
185:
181:
180:
170:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
129:
127:
123:
114:
110:
106:
103:
101:Resting place
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:25 March 1945
77:
73:
69:
65:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2063:Kirti Mandir
1982:Martyrs' Day
1889:Johannesburg
1831:Vinoba Bhave
1816:Ramjee Singh
1776:Maulana Azad
1751:James Lawson
1615:Devdas (son)
1610:Ramdas (son)
1566:Indian rupee
1504:Abbas Tyabji
1428:
1379:Vinoba Bhave
1295:
1252:
1246:
1204:
1192:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1100:Publications
911:Purna Swaraj
876:Tolstoy Farm
798:
787:
762:. Retrieved
752:
742:
738:
730:the original
723:
714:
702:. Retrieved
698:the original
688:
676:. Retrieved
666:
657:
645:. Retrieved
638:the original
625:
613:. Retrieved
588:. Retrieved
584:the original
579:
570:
558:. Retrieved
554:
545:
533:. Retrieved
529:the original
522:
513:
501:. Retrieved
497:the original
487:
475:. Retrieved
465:
453:. Retrieved
449:the original
409:
381:
363:
357:
350:
331:
325:
318:
303:
252:
249:As a Zionist
237:
231:
210:
207:Tolstoy Farm
203:Johannesburg
200:
195:Tolstoy Farm
177:
175:
158:Johannesburg
135:
121:
120:
86:Johannesburg
80:(1945-03-25)
60:1 March 1871
18:
2143:1945 deaths
2138:1871 births
2083:Mani Bhavan
1965:Observances
1826:Sane Guruji
1746:James Bevel
1741:Ho Chi Minh
1409:Kanu Gandhi
1354:Swami Anand
1243:Leo Tolstoy
1233:John Ruskin
1187:nonviolence
1144:Young India
1085:Eleven vows
1053:trusteeship
862:Life events
795:Lev, Shimon
373: [
316:in Israel.
286:Ereẓ Israel
263:Isle of Man
259:enemy alien
255:World War I
215:Leo Tolstoy
211:satyagrahis
112:Nationality
2132:Categories
2023:Bookstores
1821:Steve Biko
1696:Abhay Bang
1679:Influenced
1535:Gandhigiri
1374:Sarla Behn
1347:Associates
1291:Tirukkuṛaḷ
1169:Influences
1090:Gandhi cap
1070:Satyagraha
1026:Philosophy
970:Quit India
960:Poona Pact
923:Salt March
428:References
353:Shimon Lev
238:satyagraha
227:Satyagraha
179:satyagraha
132:Early life
64:Naumiestis
56:1871-03-01
2178:Gandhians
1934:Milwaukee
1879:New Delhi
1846:Memorials
1065:Sarvodaya
1060:Education
1048:Economics
1007:Sevagram)
997:Sabarmati
955:Padayatra
817:812119425
422:Hirangaon
362:'s film,
346:Sotheby's
328:Isa Sarid
150:Stuttgart
90:Transvaal
2098:Raj Ghat
1949:San Jose
1939:New York
1444:Mirabehn
1266:Pacifism
1223:Hinduism
1075:Swadeshi
1043:Gandhism
797:(2012).
747:IMDb.com
398:See also
275:Hitler's
242:his wife
107:, Israel
1929:Houston
1854:Statues
1276:Shravan
1218:Fasting
1207:(essay)
1109:Harijan
764:3 March
704:18 July
678:3 March
647:3 March
615:18 July
590:3 March
560:3 March
535:4 March
503:24 June
477:3 March
455:3 March
340:quotes
282:Zionist
234:Phoenix
1924:Denver
1865:India
1582:Family
1523:Legacy
1261:Narmad
1183:Ahimsa
1080:Swaraj
975:speech
815:
805:
744:Gandhi
412:(film)
410:Gandhi
365:Gandhi
290:Hebrew
271:Nazism
154:Munich
146:Hebrew
1996:Other
1919:Davis
1915:U.S.
1869:Patna
1861:Ghana
1228:Khadi
641:(PDF)
634:(PDF)
392:Rusnė
377:]
288:" in
265:as a
916:flag
813:OCLC
803:ISBN
766:2018
706:2012
680:2018
649:2018
617:2012
592:2018
562:2018
537:2018
505:2013
479:2018
457:2018
273:and
152:and
75:Died
50:Born
1900:UK
1251:) (
358:In
2134::
811:.
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722:.
600:^
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375:de
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1320:"
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1257:)
1245:(
1209:)
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819:.
768:.
708:.
682:.
651:.
619:.
594:.
564:.
539:.
507:.
481:.
459:.
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
