486:
logistical error had meant that the stove and fuel had been taken to a lower camp so there was no liquid water and hence no edible food available. After surviving the night on the Col they descended to the glacier the next day but by then
Somervell thought that Morshead was "not far from death". Norton, the expedition leader, wrote of him, "he kept going doggedly without complaint and in spite of a bad fall on an ice slope, knowing that the safety of the whole party depended on his determination to 'stay the course'". Morshead had severe frostbite to his hands and a foot and later three finger joints had to be amputated. However, at the time he hid the pain of his injuries from his colleagues.
427:
567:
spoke to some of the people involved at the time. When his father's family were back in
England, Henry's sister Ruth had been living with him in Burma. Henry disapproved of a local leader of the community, Syed Ali, who had been seen out horse riding with Ruth. Morshead had possibly had an argument with him. A week later on Henry's fatal pony trek it is likely he had borrowed Syed Ali's pony because when the pony returned unescorted to Maymyo it was to Syed Ali's house it went, passing right by Henry's house. Ian Morshead speculated, but finally doubted his own speculation, that Syed Ali had arranged for Henry to be killed and this had been carried out by the Gurkha.
454:
33:
256:. Her family had moved to Canada when Evie was a child where her father, Harry Templer Widdicombe, failed to make his fortune so her mother had returned to England with the children. Her mother had founded a ladies' residential club which flourished. Morshead married Evie in 1917 and they had four sons and a daughter. Two of their sons were killed in
558:
rebels were in the vicinity of Maymyo. A colleague of
Morshead had been shot at by a disaffected Survey employee who had been convicted of attempted murder. On 17 May 1931 Morshead set off riding by himself and later that day his riderless pony was discovered back in Maymyo. After extensive searching
481:
to head up towards the north east ridge, Norton's rucksack fell down to the glacier and this reduced the overnight clothing for camp V at 25,000 feet (7,600 m). The camp was at a higher altitude that anyone had ever been before. The next morning another rucksack was let slip but
Morshead climbed
337:
In doing this they proved that the Dibang tributary of the
Brahmaputra flows around rather than through the Himalayan mountains and does not connect with the Tsangpo. They also proved conclusively that the Tsangpo–Dihang–Brahmaputra was a single river and for the first time established its accurate
417:
coolies of the higher
Himalaya. On rock they climb like goats, while on ice they readily learn step-cutting. It appears very doubtful if the present-day expense of importing Alpine guides can ever justify their employment in future Himalayan exploration". Although the expedition did not reach the
566:
In 1982 Morshead's son Ian published a biography of his father. Regarding his father's death he was suspicious because, although the first newspaper reports said his father had been murdered, later reports spoke of his being killed by a tiger, or by rebels. In 1980 Ian
Morshead visited Burma and
485:
They joined
Morshead at camp V who by then was very cold and all four immediately went down to camp IV on the North Col. On the way Morshead slipped and dragged two other man down the couloir. However Mallory managed to stop the fall and saved everyone's lives. They reached camp at 23:30 but a
287:
had become widely accepted but another mystery remained: the river dropped from 9,000 feet (2,700 m) to 1,000 feet (300 m) in a distance of perhaps 100 miles (160 km) which is extremely steep for a river of this size. It seemed there must be a massive waterfall and, indeed,
498:
Morshead was not considered able to participate as a climber because of his injuries but he was offered the role of base camp and transport officer. He had to turn this down because his employers would not give permission, even for unpaid leave. However, in the
322:, they were arrested by the Nyerpa of Pome who took them to Showa on the Po Tsangpo river. After they had been imprisoned for several days they were released. They eventually reached the Dihang river again, this time upstream of the Gorge and just south of
482:
down 100 feet (30 m) to recover it. However, on resuming the climb
Morshead was almost immediately unable to continue and so went down to camp V while the other three continued. The team reached 26,985 feet (8,225 m) before turning back.
282:
and then turns south into a series of massive gorges in
Himalayan mountains. Until the 1880s it was unknown by which route it eventually reached the sea or even whether it debouched to the Pacific or Indian ocean. By 1911 the connection with the
307:(Tsangpo Gorge), now known to be the world's deepest gorge. Bailey and Morshead explored from the south with Morshead surveying the entire route and calculating the results as they went so as not to delay progress. By ascending the
541:
and made lengthy tours of inspection of surveying in that country. Until this time his family had always lived with him but his eldest son became old enough for school and so returned to England, initially with the nanny.
438:, Morshead led the Survey of India team which mapped, at a scale of four miles to an inch (1:250,000), 12,000 square miles (31,000 km) of entirely unexplored country. During this expedition he climbed
249:. He distinguished himself on several arduous winter Himalayan expeditions. He was tough, well able to live off the land in regions of great heat and danger. Morshead was promoted to captain in 1912 .
550:
In February 1931 Morshead stayed in Burma while the rest of the family returned to England for reasons of schooling. It was a time of unrest. A rebellion had started in Burma, against
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who had been out shooting at the time, and the man whose gun he had been using. There was no apparent motive and no charges were ever brought because both men seemed to have alibis.
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1426:
241:, Uttarakhand, the scientific and exploration headquarters of the Survey of India. He became in charge of the Forest Map Office, then the Computing Office, then the
465:, Morshead was a member of the Everest climbing party itself. Because he had only been allowed leave at the last minute his expedition clothing had to be bought at
338:
course. The highest waterfall they found was 30 feet (9.1 m) and they considered there was unlikely to be a higher fall. For his work Morshead was awarded the
413:
but the porters could not be persuaded to establish a camp at 23,500 feet (7,200 m). Morshead shouldered the blame – "I have nothing but praise for the
435:
175:
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where they found the gorge impassible about 45 miles (72 km) upstream of Lagung. They returned to India by turning back and passing through eastern
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856:
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and in 1922 he climbed to a height of over 25,000 feet (7,600 m). His death was due to murder and the circumstances remain mysterious.
534:
1584:
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his body was found next day in the jungle nearby. He had been shot in the chest at point blank range. Two people were arrested, an ex-
1589:
154:(23 November 1882 – 17 May 1931) was an English surveyor, explorer and mountaineer. He is remembered for several achievements – with
202:
border, Henry Morshead was the eldest son of Reginald Morshead, a banker, and Ella Mary Morshead, née Sperling. He was educated at
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1529:
510:, far removed from Himalaya. He led an active social life, with sports and big game hunting on the agenda. In 1927, he joined a
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medals were awarded for mountaineering and Morshead received a special medal awarded to the climbers on the 1922 expedition.
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After the war Morshead, back in his substantive rank of major, returned to the Survey of India to lead survey work in
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477:, Morshead was in the first assault team, which attempted reaching the summit without oxygen. As the party left the
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and was sent back to England. After three weeks' leave he returned to the front but the war had by then just ended.
207:
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346:. At the time the expedition was regarded as a great feat of exploration and it drew international acclaim.
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summit, their physiological studies at altitude were to be of help in the next years' Everest expeditions.
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1319:
395:
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334:. The expedition covered 1,680 miles (2,700 km) on foot and lasted from 16 May to 14 November 1913.
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On the outbreak of war in 1914 he was posted to India but was immediately sent back to England to train
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In British India, many governmental functions were divided into regional directorates called "Circles".
529:
April 1929 brought promotion to Director of the Survey of India's Burma Circle where Morshead lived in
233:
where, as was often the case, he retained his military status and rank. Apart from his service in the
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155:
1301:
526:. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1928, becoming deputy director of the Geodetic Branch.
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Surveying Party. He became knowledgeable in the history of Himalayan exploration, particularly in
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On leave in 1916, he met Evelyn (Evie) Widdicombe who was Secretary and Librarian for the
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from where they penetrated the massive sweep of the Tsangpo Gorge but only reached
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where he did reasonably well and at a second attempt passed the exams to enter the
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1376:, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1919/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002,
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Breaking the Hindenburg Line: The Story of the 46th (North Midland) Division
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The life and murder of Henry Morshead: a true story from the days of the Raj
593:
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Hugh (1920–45), Ian (1922), Owen (1923–44), Audrey (1925), Nigel (1929)
446:
was the first to establish the camp on the 22,350-foot (6,810 m)
303:, invited Morshead to be the surveyor in an expedition to explore the
1325:
Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory, and the Conquest of Everest
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he had such a distinguished record that in 1904 he was posted to the
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he remained with the Survey until his death. Morshead was based at
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The group responsible for military engineering in India and Burma.
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This article is about the surveyor. For the military officer, see
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they crossed the Himalayan watershed into Tibet to reach the
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Froebel Society for the Promotion of the Kindergarten System
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bazaar and it was inadequate. On 20 May 1922 with Mallory,
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where he was promoted to major in 1916 and was awarded the
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Report on an Exploration on the North East Frontier, 1913
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Report on an Expedition on the North East Frontier, 1913
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in an attempt to climb the 25,447-foot (7,756 m)
782:
394:. He was wounded by shrapnel while reconnoitring the
190:
Born in 1882 and brought up at Hurlditch Court, near
1266:
955:
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623:
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after which he returned to India overland as far as
717:
263:
222:in the Royal Engineers' Military Works Services at
1351:
861:Journal of the United Service Institution of India
1565:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
1491:
358:. In 1915 he commanded the 212th Field Company,
386:, returning to France in 1918 and promoted to
826:"Widdicombe, Harry Templer (1864-after 1915)"
315:River (Brahmaputra) and ascending the Gorge.
457:1921 Everest party. Morshead is front right.
292:had reported one 150 feet (46 m) high.
270:Bailey–Morshead exploration of Tsangpo Gorge
506:In 1923 a promotion involved relocating to
121:Evelyn Morshead, née Widdicombe (1888–1978)
185:
31:
16:English surveyor, explorer and mountaineer
1570:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
1438:"Report on the expedition to Kamet, 1920"
392:46th (North Midland) Divisional Engineers
350:War service and return to Survey of India
1392:. Seattle, WA, USA: Mountaineers Books.
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1483:Mount Everest. The Reconnaissance, 1921
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736:Rayner, Susan Mary (23 November 1882).
671:
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442:at 21,300 feet (6,500 m) and with
382:after which he was evacuated home with
318:When they were at Lagung, just east of
1492:
1299:
949:
735:
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436:1921 British reconnaissance expedition
180:1922 British Mount Everest expeditions
1535:People educated at Winchester College
1318:
1108:
961:
937:
776:
723:
693:
592:16,650 feet (5,070 m) deep. The
1575:Indian Army personnel of World War I
1485:. Longmans, Green. pp. 319–328.
854:
843:
696:"In Memorium: Henry Treise Morshead"
650:
545:
216:Royal School of Military Engineering
1390:Everest, The Mountaineering History
729:
344:United Service Institution of India
299:, an intelligence officer with the
13:
1417:The Assault on Mount Everest, 1922
1407:
1306:. Simla: Government Monotype Press
390:lieutenant colonel to command the
364:Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt
14:
1601:
1585:Recipients of the MacGregor Medal
533:, Burma. At the time Burma was a
396:crossings of the St Quentin Canal
1590:British people in colonial India
421:
366:. His company was moved for the
264:Exploration of the Tsangpo Gorge
208:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
1481:. In Howard-Bury, C. K. (ed.).
1198:
1027:
857:"Tsangpo, The River of Mystery"
818:
599:
586:
162:and finally confirmed that the
1530:English people murdered abroad
577:
210:, to become an officer in the
174:; also he was a member of the
1:
1431:. Dehra Dun: Survey of India.
1358:. Cambridge: Oleander Press.
1206:"War Office. 22nd June, 1928"
612:
596:is 6,998 feet (2,133 m).
1580:British Indian Army officers
1215:. 28 June 1928. p. 4265
617:
305:Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon
7:
1560:Unsolved murders in Myanmar
10:
1606:
1555:People murdered in Myanmar
1515:Explorers of the Himalayas
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134:
1525:English mountain climbers
535:province of British India
405:. In 1920 he accompanied
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42:
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23:
1540:Royal Engineers officers
1479:"Appendix I. The Survey"
1477:Morshead, H. T. (1922).
1436:Morshead, H. T. (1921).
1425:Morshead, H. T. (1914).
570:
214:in 1901. At the Chatham
170:after cascading through
1388:Unsworth, Walt (2000).
738:"Henry Treise Morshead"
694:Mason, Kenneth (1932).
496:1924 Everest expedition
380:Battle of Passchendaele
278:flows east through the
274:North of Himalaya, the
186:Early and personal life
137:Henry Anderson Morshead
1550:20th-century explorers
1350:Morshead, Ian (1982).
1300:Bailey, F. T. (1914).
458:
431:
229:In 1906 he joined the
37:Henry Morshead in 1921
1414:Bruce, C. G. (1923).
867:(581). Archived from
456:
429:
362:33rd Division in the
276:Yarlung Tsangpo River
143:Henry Treise Morshead
25:Henry Treise Morshead
1442:Geographical Journal
1372:Maj R.E. Priestley,
512:Cambridge University
1454:1921GeogJ..57..213M
1287:, pp. 142–194.
1263:, pp. 142–159.
1251:, pp. 135–141.
1195:, pp. 116–131.
1183:, pp. 108–115.
1147:, pp. 108–109.
1135:, pp. 100–103.
1111:, pp. 420–425.
1084:, pp. 100–101.
779:, pp. 208–209.
490:Bangalore and Burma
368:Battle of the Somme
1420:. Longmans, Green.
1213:The London Gazette
501:1924 Olympic Games
459:
432:
204:Winchester College
1545:Explorers of Asia
1520:English surveyors
1510:English explorers
1399:978-0-89886-670-4
1382:978-1-843422-66-2
1365:978-0-900891-76-2
1335:978-0-09-956383-9
1033:Priestley, p. 41.
1024:, pp. 58–69.
1012:, pp. 63–64.
952:, pp. 84–89.
928:, pp. 36–49.
916:, pp. 32–36.
871:on 14 August 2014
855:Bose, SK (2010).
815:, pp. 57–58.
767:, pp. 13–14.
700:Himalayan Journal
647:, pp. 10–13.
546:Morshead's murder
537:. He studied the
285:Brahmaputra River
168:Brahmaputra River
133:
132:
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1328:. Random House.
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539:Burmese language
471:Howard Somervell
407:Alexander Kellas
374:. He was at the
297:Frederick Bailey
158:he explored the
156:Frederick Bailey
153:
71:
53:23 November 1882
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1408:Further reading
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1285:Morshead (1982)
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1273:Morshead (1982)
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1261:Morshead (1982)
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1249:Morshead (1982)
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1237:Morshead (1982)
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1216:
1208:
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1193:Morshead (1982)
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1181:Morshead (1982)
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1169:Morshead (1982)
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1163:
1157:Unsworth (2000)
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1145:Morshead (1982)
1143:
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1133:Morshead (1982)
1131:
1127:
1121:Unsworth (2000)
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1100:
1094:Unsworth (2000)
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1082:Morshead (1982)
1080:
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1067:Morshead (1982)
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1055:Unsworth (2000)
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1043:Morshead (1982)
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1022:Morshead (1982)
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902:Morshead (1982)
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890:Morshead (1982)
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813:Morshead (1982)
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765:Morshead (1982)
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645:Morshead (1982)
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463:1922 expedition
424:
376:Battle of Arras
360:Royal Engineers
352:
280:Tibetan Plateau
272:
266:
231:Survey of India
212:Royal Engineers
188:
166:flows into the
164:Yarlung Tsangpo
145:
140:
96:Survey of India
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46:
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1448:(3): 213–219.
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1239:, p. 135.
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1171:, p. 109.
1161:
1159:, p. 104.
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978:
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964:, p. 209.
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940:, p. 210.
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514:expedition to
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444:George Mallory
430:Morshead's map
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268:Main article:
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119:
115:
114:
103:
102:Known for
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 48)
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1602:
1591:
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1189:
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1158:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1123:, p. 36.
1122:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1096:, p. 87.
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1057:, p. 65.
1056:
1051:
1045:, p. 74.
1044:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:, p. 58.
999:
994:
988:, p. 40.
987:
982:
976:, p. 49.
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
950:Bailey (1914)
946:
939:
934:
927:
922:
915:
910:
903:
898:
892:, p. 22.
891:
886:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
849:
847:
831:
827:
821:
814:
809:
803:, p. 57.
802:
797:
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773:
766:
761:
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743:
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428:
422:Mount Everest
419:
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381:
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342:Medal by the
341:
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243:Triangulation
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177:
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161:
160:Tsangpo Gorge
157:
152:
148:
144:
138:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Mount Everest
108:
107:Tsangpo Gorge
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1482:
1445:
1441:
1427:
1416:
1389:
1373:
1353:
1339:. Retrieved
1324:
1308:. Retrieved
1302:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1217:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1109:Davis (2012)
1089:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
962:Davis (2012)
957:
945:
938:Davis (2012)
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
864:
860:
833:. Retrieved
829:
820:
808:
796:
784:
777:Davis (2012)
772:
745:. Retrieved
741:
731:
724:Davis (2012)
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:
699:
640:
635:, p. 4.
601:
594:Grand Canyon
588:
579:
565:
552:British rule
549:
528:
505:
493:
484:
475:Teddy Norton
460:
440:Kama Changri
433:
400:
384:trench fever
353:
336:
328:Pemakoi-chen
320:Namcha Barwa
317:
309:Dibang River
294:
273:
258:World War II
251:
228:
189:
142:
141:
70:(1931-05-17)
18:
1505:1931 deaths
1500:1882 births
1320:Davis, Wade
904:, 22,32–33.
516:Spitsbergen
301:Indian Army
220:Indian Army
113:expeditions
68:17 May 1931
1494:Categories
1069:, 101,105.
613:References
467:Darjeeling
403:Waziristan
324:Gyala Peri
105:Exploring
84:Occupation
49:1882-11-23
1310:13 August
1219:13 August
875:12 August
835:13 August
747:13 August
709:12 August
618:Citations
508:Bangalore
479:North Col
448:Lhakpa La
340:Macgregor
235:Great War
194:near the
192:Tavistock
118:Spouse(s)
59:, England
1322:(2012).
494:For the
378:and the
295:In 1913
239:Dehradun
200:Cornwall
172:Himalaya
126:Children
109:, 1920s
92:Employer
87:Surveyor
1470:1780865
1450:Bibcode
1341:14 June
1294:Sources
461:In the
434:On the
356:sappers
290:Kinthup
78:, Burma
1468:
1396:
1380:
1362:
1332:
561:Gurkha
556:Thakin
554:, and
531:Maymyo
415:Bhutia
388:brevet
332:Bhutan
313:Dihang
76:Maymyo
1466:JSTOR
1209:(PDF)
571:Notes
520:Basra
411:Kamet
247:Tibet
196:Devon
149:
57:Devon
1394:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1343:2014
1330:ISBN
1312:2014
1221:2014
877:2014
837:2014
749:2014
742:Geni
711:2014
524:Iraq
473:and
224:Agra
178:and
176:1921
151:FRGS
65:Died
43:Born
1458:doi
865:CXL
372:DSO
147:DSO
1496::
1464:.
1456:.
1446:57
1444:.
1440:.
1229:^
1211:.
1101:^
1074:^
863:.
859:.
845:^
828:.
757:^
740:.
702:.
698:.
652:^
625:^
522:,
450:.
260:.
226:.
1472:.
1460::
1452::
1402:.
1384:.
1368:.
1345:.
1314:.
1275:.
1223:.
879:.
839:.
751:.
713:.
704:4
198:–
139:.
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
