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1029:, had originally been that any federation with the illiberal Boer republics would endanger the rights and franchise of the Cape's Black citizens, and was therefore unacceptable. The Cape government also opposed Carnarvon's confederation plans, perceiving them as an attempt to override the Cape's constitution and extend British imperial control over the whole of southern Africa, which as they saw it would lead to an outbreak of conflicts between the
1197:. Though conditions were grim, Frere managed to win the Boers' respect by promising to present their complaints to the British government, and to urge the fulfilment of the promises that had been made to them. The Boers did eventually disperse, on the very day upon which Frere received the telegram announcing the government's censure. On his return to Cape Town, he found that his achievement had been eclipsed—first by 1 June 1879 death of
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929:, who continued to support the imposition of the unpopular system of confederation upon the southern Africa region. Frere accepted the position, on a salary double that of his predecessor, and with the understanding that successful implementation of confederation would result in his being appointed the first British Governor-General of a federated southern African
966:, advised that under current conditions confederation was ill-suited to and badly timed for Southern Africa. It would lead to a lop-sided confederation with resulting instability and resentment. He advised that full union status was a better model, but only at a later date and once it was economically viable.
1060:. Frere saw the dispute as an opportunity to annex Gcalekaland for the planned confederation. Frere also expressed concerns that the continued existence of independent African states posed in his words an ever-present threat of a "general and simultaneous rising of Kaffirdom against white civilization". The
736:
which unanimously decided on the use of Persio-Arabic Sindhi script with slight modifications. Frere not only gave Sindhi language one script but he even published different Sindhi books related to various streams of the literature, which encouraged impetus to Sindhi writers to move quickly with literacy.
1547:
by D. P. O'Connor, examines details of Frere's life and motives more fully than was permissible in
Victorian times when Martineau was writing. In particular, O'Connor points to Frere as a leading thinker on imperial defence. He sets the Zulu war in the context of the overall global crisis, contingent
1119:
strongly wished to avoid any war in southern Africa. Frere nonetheless used the delay in mail between London and Cape Town, to time his letters so as to circumvent the
Colonial Office's opposition to war. Frere then sent Cetshwayo an impossible ultimatum in December 1878, effectively declaring war.
1114:
remained independent of
British control but Frere impressed upon the Colonial Office his opinion that if confederation was to succeed, Cetshwayo's forces had to be eliminated and Zululand annexed. While Carnarvon remained as Colonial Secretary in London the view had support but his replacement, Sir
735:
in place of
Persian in Sindh. The officers of Sindh were ordered to learn Sindhi compulsorily to enable them to carry on day-to-day work efficiently. A committee was constituted (1853) under Asst. Commissioner & Chief of Education Department, with an equal number of Hindu and Muslim members,
1024:
However Frere soon encountered strong political resistance against the unpopular confederation project. In particular, the local Cape government took a non-interventionist approach towards the neighbouring Boer and Black
African states of southern Africa. It was also relatively liberal in its
1256:, had been under the nominal control of the Cape Colony since 1872. However the Cape government had allowed the Basotho leadership to keep much of their traditional authority and independence. As allies and trading partners of the Cape, the Basotho were also well-equipped with firearms.
957:
scheme, that was met with resistance by all the local groups involved. South
Africans resented the perceived high-handed manner in which it was being imposed from London with little accommodation and knowledge of, or concern for, local conditions and politics. Cape
1147:
to demand that Frere be recalled. Beaconsfield supported him, however, and in a strange compromise he was censured but asked to stay on. Frere had severely underestimated the Zulus, whom he had characterized as "a bunch of savages armed with sticks."
1457:
Dalzell. Dalzell stated "Sir H. B. E. Frere, not only as a mark of esteem and respect, but also because he always has been the enlightened encourager and promoter of scientific researches in India, and is himself a close observer of nature."
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was not new. It was seen as an easy way of uniting the region under
British control, while preventing any future attempt among the remaining independent African states to unite against British rule. However an earlier plan by Sir
1041:(something the Cape government was adamantly opposed to). The summary of Molteno's message was that "the proposals for confederation should emanate from the communities to be affected, and not be pressed upon them from outside."
1690:
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ministry. This unprecedented move solved his constitutional hindrances in the Cape, but was overshadowed by a growing set of conflicts across
Southern Africa and Lord Carnarvon's resignation in early 1878.
1193:, Sir Bartle had been unable to give his undivided attention to the state of things in the Transvaal until April 1879, when he was at last able to visit a camp of about 4,000 disaffected Boers near
969:
Timing was a key factor in the ensuing events, as the different states of southern Africa were at the time still suspicious and resentful after the last bout of
British imperial expansion. The
1556:. Frere was sent to South Africa to turn this vital area into a secure bastion on the route to India, but was distracted from the task by the routine instability of the South African theatre.
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The resulting war led to
British defeats such as that at Qalabani, and ended in 1881 with a stalemate and a treaty that favoured the Basotho. The rebellion is a primary reason why
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tribes. The Cape government viewed the dispute as a local police matter, but Frere immediately traveled to the frontier and declared war on the neighbouring independent state of
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981:. The various Black South African states were also suspicious of this new effort towards British expansion. The ill-advised policies of both Frere and his local ally,
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is now an independent country and not part of surrounding South Africa. At the same time as the Basuto Gun War broke out, unrest flared up once again among the
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1189:, a rapidly increasing minority, while the defeat at Isandlwana had badly tarnished the reputation of the British Empire in the region. Owing to the Xhosa and
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It had begun in 1875, and by 1877 it was affecting the greater region. In September 1877, a minor tribal conflict erupted on the Cape frontier, between the
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399:(1877–1880), he implemented a set of policies which attempted to impose a British confederation on the region and which led to the overthrow of the
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At the time, the subcontinent was being afflicted by the worst drought in its recorded history and, as the historian De Kiewiet memorably said:
1185:, reacted upon each other most disastrously. The delay in giving the country a constitution afforded a pretext for agitation to the resentful
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Frere pushed "The Peace Protection Act" (1879), during the Xhosa Wars, and decreed that all those of African descent had to be disarmed. The
632:
2093:
Apples of the sun: being an account of the lives, vision, and achievements of the Molteno brothers, Edward Bartle Frere and Henry Anderson
1267:'s unpopular attempt to enforce this disarmament of the Basotho was aggravated by his setting aside of Basotho land for white settlement.
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724:. These services were fully recognized, as he received the thanks of both houses of Parliament and was made a Knight Commander of the
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for a federation of all the various colonies in South Africa had been rejected by the home authorities in 1858, as not being viable.
700:. In 1851 he reformed the Scinde District postal system on the model of the British postal service, to provide better service with
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Pro-imperialist cartoon showing Sir Bartle Frere vanquishing the "negrophilist" liberals of the Cape government, represented by MP
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Correspondence, Memoranda, and Minutes Connected with the Dismissal of the Late Ministry. Reprinted from the "Cape Times."
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domestic politics. Its formal response to Carnarvon's confederation model, conveyed to London via Frere's predecessor Sir
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1422:, two roads honour him: Frere Road which later transforms into Bartle Road. Freretown, a district of the Kenyan city of
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Through Frere's elevation, Lord Carnarvon sought another attempt at implementing the ill-fated and locally unsupported
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led to the confirmation of the Boer Republics' independence and the final end of Carnarvon's confederation scheme.
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A Word from Holland on the Transvaal Question, a Reply to Sir Bartle Frere and an Appeal to the People of England
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1263:(1880) followed, as the Basothos rebelled at what they saw as a racist and high-handed ruling. Premier
1214:
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civil service in 1834. Having passed his language examination, he was appointed assistant collector at
486:
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1209:. Meanwhile, growing Boer resentment at Frere's policies erupted in December 1880 into the disastrous
1021:) government of the Cape Colony, which was by far the largest and most powerful polity in the region.
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Cetshwayo was unable to comply with Frere's ultimatum – even if he had wanted to; Frere ordered
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As the chief commissioner of Sindh, in 1851, Frere issued a decree making it compulsory to use
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2458:
2431:
2293:
Reader's Digest Association South Africa (1992). "Confederation from the Barrel of a Gun".
1753:
1156:
1140:
1014:
963:
838:
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404:
222:
94:
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to commemorate H. B. Frere. It is a monotypic plant genus known by a single species, viz.
1361:
1318:
petitioned Gladstone to remove him, and the prime minister soon complied (1 August 1880).
985:, ended up causing a string of wars across Southern Africa, culminating in the disastrous
764:
Cantonment was named after him circa 1865. His order to pull down the ramparts of the old
8:
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2022:
2008:
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1302:. The bridge was opened on 21 July 1880, shortly before Frere's departure from the Cape.
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Upon his return, Frere replied to the charges relating to his conduct with regard to
870:
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685:
684:; on the raja's death in 1848 he administered the province both before and after its
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1996:
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originally had no intention of recalling Frere. In June, however, a section of the
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Frontiers: the epic of South Africa's creation and the tragedy of the Xhosa people
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1202:
1082:
858:
732:
664:
After leaving the East India Company College Frere was appointed a writer in the
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1437:
1386:
was built in his honour. The city also named a road, street and town after him.
3264:
3205:
3076:
3062:
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2820:
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2254:
Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
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159:
2230:
What They Said, 1795–1910: A Selection of Documents from South African History
3447:
3371:
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3069:
3048:
3041:
2890:
2869:
2848:
2381:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 206–207.
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1529:
1515:
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942:
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721:
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The disaster of Isandlwana was compounded by the humiliating defeats of the
1085:
to dismiss the Cape's elected government. He then asked his political ally,
780:(1868), the first English-language field-collected book of Indian folklore.
772:
was commissioned in his honour. During Frere's administration his daughter,
752:, where he continued his policy of municipal improvements, establishing the
3282:
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3034:
2974:
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1431:
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in Zululand, and then by the news that the government of the Transvaal and
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1128:
1090:
1071:
1034:
1026:
1006:
842:
701:
273:
3426:
2135:
The Rise and Fall of Bartle Frere: Colonial Rule in India and South Africa
3258:
3055:
1653:"The History of Lake Fife, NDA & Burr and Frere Roads, Kirkee, Poona"
1588:
1427:
1338:
1306:
In 1880 Frere was recalled to London to face charges of misconduct. When
947:
919:
895:
885:
812:
765:
627:
400:
388:
1329:, then charged with having acted recklessly, and censured by Whitehall.
611:
and to whom he had been appointed private secretary two years earlier.
1565:
1403:
1379:
1249:
1061:
1046:"In South Africa, the heat of drought easily becomes the fever of war."
773:
708:, designed to provide public service. In 1857, he sent detachments to
705:
645:
615:
531: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
462:
343:
2072:
Sir Bartle Frere and His Times: A Study of His Bombay Years, 1862–1867
3027:
2862:
1570:
1498:
1479:
1111:
977:, did not support confederation, and would successfully rebel in the
970:
424:
1166:
704:'s "low and uniform" postal rates. This system became the basis for
506:
1989:
Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Botany
1506:
For the South African anti-confederation view, see P. A. Molteno's
1279:
1194:
1190:
1081:
Frere appealed (February 1878) and received the authority from the
1068:
990:
930:
830:
2362:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
447:, and Mary Ann Green. His elder sister, Mary Anne Frere, was born
1552:, which was widely expected to result in war between Britain and
1423:
1383:
1271:
1253:
1242:
1057:
1053:
941:
The idea of melding the states of southern Africa into a British
866:
680:. Two years later he became a political resident at the court of
454:
in Clydach, and his younger sister, Frances Anne Frere, was born
104:
2587:
2188:'Only Connect': Learned Societies in Nineteenth-century Britain
1419:
1341:
as well as South Africa, previously referred to in Gladstone's
1049:
889:
Southern Africa in 1878, on the eve of the confederation wars,
761:
709:
619:
2050:
The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
1490:
The life and correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
1471:
The life and correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
1151:
1102:
2061:
The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno, K.C.M.G., Etc
1186:
697:
603:
On 10 October 1844, he married Catherine Arthur, daughter of
407:
in 1878 and to a string of regional wars, culminating in the
1414:, is also named after him. (Frere Road was also the home of
1033:
and the remaining independent states in the region, such as
1987:
Dalzell, N. A. (June 1864). "A New Genus of Asclepiadeae".
1897:
1406:, Australia, is named after him, as is a boarding house at
672:
in 1835, and in 1842 he was chosen as private secretary to
669:
3524:
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
1916:
1914:
1912:
423:, recalled Frere to London to face charges of misconduct;
3504:
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
1801:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1449:
The botanist, N. A. Dalzell (1864) named the plant genus
1345:, and was preparing a fuller vindication when he died at
996:
756:
at Pune, as well as a college for instructing Indians in
1963:
1789:
880:
3554:
Members of the Council of the Governor General of India
1909:
1765:
1939:
1869:"The Martini-Henry Rifle and the Anglo-Zulu War, 1879"
1624:
1135:
began. On 11 January 1879, British troops crossed the
1013:
The new governor was initially welcomed by the local (
936:
1743:
1741:
2177:
Blacks, Boers, and British, a Three-cornered Problem
1849:
1813:
1777:
1726:
1671:
1619:
Rootsweb. 1871 census – Frere household in Wimbledon
927:
Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon
2296:
Illustrated history of South Africa: the real story
1951:
1825:
3519:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
2114:The Zulu and the Raj: The Life of Sir Bartle Frere
1738:
1545:The Zulu and the Raj; The Life of Sir Bartle Frere
1232:
1213:. The First Boer War, with the British defeats at
1181:The Zulu trouble, and disaffection brewing in the
1078:and a small force of regular and colonial troops.
845:. On 4 August 1873 he was sworn in as a member of
783:In 1867 he returned to England, where he was made
81:For the British barrister and colonial judge, see
1372:Frere was the founder and first president of the
1097:
427:officially censured Frere for acting recklessly.
3464:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
3445:
2028:A History of South Africa: Social & Economic
1889:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1837:
1390:'s Frere House is named after him. In 1888, the
16:British colonial Welsh administrator (1815–1884)
1434:also was named after him in the 19th century.
696:In 1850 he was appointed chief commissioner of
1936:p. 462: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
1535:The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1521:The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1310:first came into office in the spring of 1880,
720:in order to secure those locations during the
3499:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
3396:State President of the South African Republic
3104:
2573:
2089:
1871:. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013
1760:Reader's Digest Association South Africa 1992
633:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie
387:administrator. He had a successful career in
3544:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
3509:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2299:. Reader's Digest Association South Africa.
2110:
1969:
1074:were defeated and annexed early in 1878, by
2350:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1691:"Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward (FRR874HB)"
1543:A more recent work on Bartle Frere's life,
861:to Egypt and India, with such success that
3111:
3097:
2580:
2566:
2021:
1807:
1574:. His portrayal in the film is negative.
1508:Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1143:was reported, and that was enough for the
361:Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, 1st Baronet
125:
3514:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council
3469:British East India Company civil servants
2046:
1486:
1467:
865:asked him to choose between being made a
795:;. He was also appointed a member of the
591:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
3408:State President of the Orange Free State
2367:
2275:Fifty People who Stuffed Up South Africa
2247:
2226:
1920:
1903:
1819:
1783:
1689:
1639:
1436:
1360:
1289:
1236:
1165:
1150:
1101:
1000:
884:
806:
691:
32:This article includes a list of general
3539:Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
2205:
2184:
2173:
2057:
2017:. Toronto: Linscott Publishing Company.
2014:Progress of South Africa in the Century
1986:
1957:
1945:
1831:
1771:
1747:
1612:
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1514:
833:to negotiate a treaty with the sultan,
491:Haileybury and Imperial Service College
3446:
3378:Those in italics were Acting Governors
2319:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
2271:
2152:
2131:
2068:
1855:
1732:
1677:
1601:
1418:, the Nobel Prize-winning author). In
1139:; fourteen days later the disaster of
997:Resistance from the Cape and the Xhosa
973:resented the recent annexation of the
443:, the son of Edward Frere, manager of
3092:
2561:
2497:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
2035:
2007:
1795:
1294:Remains of the Frere Bridge over the
916:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
881:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
739:
397:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
242:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
3474:British people of the Anglo-Zulu War
2403:Works by or about Henry Bartle Frere
2327:
1843:
1441:Memorial to Sir Bartle Frere in the
1106:Sir Henry Bartle Frere in the 1880s.
529:adding citations to reliable sources
500:
383:(29 March 1815 – 29 May 1884) was a
18:
1932:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral"
1365:Henry Bartle Frere's statue on the
937:Attempt to federate Southern Africa
924:Secretary of State for the Colonies
748:in 1859, and in 1862 was appointed
640:(born c. 1850 in the East Indies);
461:in Clydach. He was the grandson of
13:
2341:"Frere, Henry Bartle Edward"
2174:Statham, Francis Reginald (1881).
2001:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1864.tb01069.x
1709:"The London Gazette 5 August 1873"
1559:
787:, and given honorary degrees from
768:allowed the city to grow, and the
638:Georgina Hamilton Chichester Frere
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3570:
3420:Prime Minister of the Cape Colony
2387:
2227:Malherbe, Vertrees Canby (1971).
1402:(1622m), the highest mountain in
1349:on 29 May 1884. He was buried in
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3174:
3120:
2775:
2515:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
2355:
2347:Dictionary of National Biography
2090:Brooke-Simons, Phillida (1999).
2064:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1199:Napoleon Eugene, Prince Imperial
877:bestowed both honours upon him.
871:a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath
505:
23:
3559:Members of the Council of India
2153:Dorson, Richard Mercer (1999).
1926:
1861:
1430:(Now known as KwaBhaca) in the
1233:Outbreak of the Basotho Gun War
516:needs additional citations for
3479:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
2412:Works by or about Bartle Frere
2373:Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward
2058:Molteno, Percy Alport (1900).
1701:
1683:
1645:
1461:
1098:Outbreak of Zulu and Boer Wars
857:. In 1875, he accompanied the
605:Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet
496:
481:; and Temple Frere – canon of
1:
2023:De Kiewiet, Cornelius William
1979:
1657:noelsramblings.blogspot.co.za
1550:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1374:Royal Society of South Africa
837:, for the suppression of the
455:
448:
430:
3534:People of the Basuto Gun War
3494:Governors of the Cape Colony
3484:Fellows of the Royal Society
3127:Governors of the Cape Colony
2185:Lubenow, William C. (2015).
2111:O'Connor, Damian P. (2002).
2036:Fruin, Robert Jacob (1881).
1356:
1110:The Zulu Kingdom under King
7:
2550:Bartle Compton Arthur Frere
2156:History of British Folklore
1695:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1577:
1426:, is also named after him.
873:. He chose the former, but
642:Bartle Compton Arthur Frere
10:
3575:
2590:Royal Geographical Society
2449:Jonathan Duncan Inverarity
2272:Parker, Alexander (2011).
2132:Thomas, Roy Digby (2009).
2031:. Oxford University Press.
1697:. University of Cambridge.
1621:. Accessed 8 January 2023.
1398:on the Thames embankment.
744:He became a member of the
650:Eliza Frederica Jane Frere
614:Their five children were:
487:East India Company College
349:East India Company College
184:Jonathan Duncan Inverarity
80:
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3349:William Howley Goodenough
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2334:. Murray & St. Leger.
1608:Rootsweb, Mary Anne Green
1325:. He was replaced by Sir
1285:
802:
616:Mary Eliza Isabella Frere
485:. He was educated at the
395:(1862–1867). However, as
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2191:. Boydell & Brewer.
2159:. Taylor & Francis.
2047:Martineau, John (1895).
1594:
1564:Frere was played by Sir
1510:(2 vols., London 1900).
1487:Martineau, John (1895).
1468:Martineau, John (1895).
1332:
914:In 1877, Frere was made
811:Henry Bartle Frere, by '
659:
405:first elected government
235:William Vesey-FitzGerald
3529:People from Abergavenny
3432:Prime Minister of Natal
2905:James Marshall-Cornwall
2493:Governor of Cape Colony
2378:Encyclopædia Britannica
2075:. Mittal Publications.
1584:Horniman Circle Gardens
909: Orange Free State
624:Catherine Frances Frere
53:more precise citations.
3367:Walter Hely-Hutchinson
3337:William Gordon Cameron
2476:Sir William Fitzgerald
2206:Mostert, Noël (1992).
2069:Ranade, Rekha (1990).
2042:. L. E. Bosch and son.
1446:
1412:Parktown, Johannesburg
1388:Karachi Grammar School
1369:
1303:
1246:
1225:and a decisive defeat
1178:
1163:
1107:
1010:
911:
822:
682:Raja Shahaji of Satara
441:Clydach, Monmouthshire
417:British Prime Minister
3253:Charles Henry Darling
2507:Sir Hercules Robinson
2394:Works by Bartle Frere
1530:Molteno, Percy Alport
1516:Molteno, Percy Alport
1440:
1364:
1293:
1240:
1172:Battle of Majuba Hill
1169:
1154:
1105:
1004:
888:
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706:India's postal system
692:Commissioner in Sindh
325:29 May 1884 (aged 69)
172:Richard Keith Pringle
3325:Henry Augustus Smyth
3277:Charles Craufurd Hay
3227:George Thomas Napier
3212:Galbraith Lowry Cole
2842:David George Hogarth
2828:Francis Younghusband
2439:Commissioner in Sind
2432:Robert Keith Pringle
2009:Theal, George McCall
1308:Gladstone's ministry
1157:Battle of Isandlwana
964:John Charles Molteno
922:by the London-based
918:and governor of the
622:, Gloucestershire);
540:"Henry Bartle Frere"
525:improve this article
409:invasion of Zululand
223:George Russell Clerk
139:Commissioner of Sind
95:The Right Honourable
3489:Governors of Bombay
3294:Henry Hugh Clifford
3217:Thomas Francis Wade
2654:William J. Hamilton
2626:William R. Hamilton
2424:Government offices
1906:, pp. 206–207.
1798:, pp. 402–403.
1351:St Paul's Cathedral
1343:Midlothian speeches
1245:King and ministers.
1117:Michael Hicks-Beach
760:. A 5-mile road in
489:, the precursor of
391:, rising to become
286:Henry Hugh Clifford
3288:Henry Bartle Frere
3232:Peregrine Maitland
3199:Rufane Shaw Donkin
3134:British occupation
2933:Gilbert Laithwaite
2856:William Goodenough
2814:Douglas Freshfield
2703:Roderick Murchison
2689:Roderick Murchison
2668:Roderick Murchison
2640:Roderick Murchison
2588:Presidents of the
2466:Governor of Bombay
2096:. Fernwood Press.
1713:The London Gazette
1447:
1400:Mount Bartle Frere
1370:
1304:
1265:John Gordon Sprigg
1247:
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1087:John Gordon Sprigg
1011:
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912:
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750:Governor of Bombay
740:Governor of Bombay
678:Governor of Bombay
648:, Middlesex); and
626:(born 1849 in the
609:Governor of Bombay
479:James Hatley Frere
467:John Hookham Frere
435:Frere was born at
393:Governor of Bombay
191:Governor of Bombay
100:Henry Bartle Frere
3441:
3440:
3343:Hercules Robinson
3307:Hercules Robinson
3157:Henry George Grey
3148:Henry George Grey
3086:
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2968:Michael John Wise
2947:Edward Shackleton
2919:Raymond Priestley
2724:Rutherford Alcock
2682:Frederick Beechey
2556:
2555:
2547:Succeeded by
2504:Succeeded by
2473:Succeeded by
2446:Succeeded by
2398:Project Gutenberg
2306:978-0-947008-90-1
2285:978-1-920137-33-5
2264:978-1-58648-677-8
2257:. PublicAffairs.
2240:978-0-623-00457-9
2233:. Maskew Miller.
2198:978-1-78327-046-0
2166:978-0-415-20476-7
2145:978-1-4490-3043-8
2124:978-1-903607-29-9
2103:978-1-874950-45-5
2082:978-81-7099-222-6
1367:Thames embankment
863:Lord Beaconsfield
835:Barghash bin Said
758:civil engineering
746:Viceroy's Council
726:Order of the Bath
714:Sir John Lawrence
686:formal annexation
674:Sir George Arthur
666:Bombay Presidency
652:(born c. 1857 in
644:(born c. 1855 in
601:
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475:Bartholomew Frere
445:Clydach Ironworks
415:(1880–1881). The
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1493:. Vol. 2.
1474:. Vol. 1.
1464:
1416:Nadine Gordimer
1396:statue of Frere
1392:Prince of Wales
1359:
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1327:Garnet Wolseley
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1125:Lord Chelmsford
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1538:. Vol. 2.
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1524:. Vol. 1.
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1254:Basotho people
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2364:public domain
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1995:(29): 10–11.
1994:
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1970:O'Connor 2002
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1921:Chisholm 1911
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1820:Meredith 2008
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1659:. 23 May 2015
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955:confederation
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855:Isle of Wight
852:
851:Osborne House
848:
847:Privy Council
844:
840:
839:slave traffic
836:
832:
828:
825:In 1872, the
820:
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722:Indian Mutiny
719:
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630:, who edited
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542: –
541:
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536:Find sources:
530:
526:
520:
519:
514:This section
512:
508:
503:
502:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:William Frere
468:
464:
446:
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437:Clydach House
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315:Monmouthshire
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308:29 March 1815
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35:
30:
21:
20:
3549:Frere family
3430:
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3406:
3394:
3377:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3316:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3283:Henry Barkly
3275:
3263:
3251:
3216:
3204:
3197:
3166:Robert Meade
3165:
3161:John Cradock
3035:Neil Cossons
3020:21st century
2975:Vivian Fuchs
2926:Dudley Stamp
2912:Roger Nathan
2898:James Wordie
2884:Francis Rodd
2785:20th century
2716:
2597:19th century
2541:
2534:
2521:
2491:
2464:
2437:
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2330:
2295:
2278:. Two Dogs.
2274:
2253:
2229:
2208:
2187:
2180:. Macmillan.
2176:
2155:
2134:
2117:. Able Pub.
2113:
2092:
2071:
2060:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2013:
1992:
1988:
1965:
1958:Dalzell 1864
1953:
1946:Lubenow 2015
1941:
1934:Sinclair, W.
1928:
1899:
1873:. Retrieved
1863:
1851:
1839:
1832:Mostert 1992
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1772:Mostert 1992
1767:
1755:
1748:Statham 1881
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1656:
1647:
1614:
1603:
1569:
1563:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1520:
1507:
1505:
1489:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1443:Cape Lantern
1432:Eastern Cape
1410:. A road in
1378:
1371:
1336:
1320:
1305:
1300:Aliwal North
1296:Orange River
1269:
1258:
1248:
1180:
1137:Tugela River
1122:
1109:
1089:, to form a
1080:
1066:
1045:
1043:
1027:Henry Barkly
1023:
1012:
1007:Saul Solomon
968:
952:
940:
913:
843:Frere Treaty
829:sent him to
824:
816:
782:
777:
776:, collected
743:
730:
702:Rowland Hill
695:
663:
649:
641:
637:
631:
613:
602:
587:
581:January 2023
578:
568:
561:
554:
547:
535:
523:Please help
518:verification
515:
434:
360:
359:
281:Succeeded by
274:Henry Barkly
249:
230:Succeeded by
198:
179:Succeeded by
146:
87:
65:
56:
37:
3459:1884 deaths
3454:1815 births
3259:George Grey
3242:Harry Smith
3143:David Baird
3056:Judith Rees
3010:John Palmer
2738:Henry Bruce
2717:Henry Frere
2619:John Barrow
1856:Parker 2011
1733:Thomas 2009
1678:Dorson 1999
1589:Mount Frere
1462:Biographies
1428:Mount Frere
1394:unveiled a
1339:Afghanistan
1219:Laing's Nek
1058:Gcalekaland
948:George Grey
920:Cape Colony
896:Cape Colony
818:Vanity Fair
766:Bombay Fort
656:, London).
628:East Indies
497:Family life
459: 1819
452: 1802
401:Cape Colony
335:Citizenship
268:Preceded by
217:Preceded by
167:Preceded by
51:introducing
3448:Categories
3331:Henry Loch
2544:1876–1884
2526:Granted by
2501:1877–1880
1980:References
1796:Theal 1902
1718:26 October
1566:John Mills
1445:newspaper.
1408:Haileybury
1404:Queensland
1380:Frere Hall
1250:Basutoland
1141:Isandlwana
1127:to invade
987:Anglo-Zulu
971:Afrikaners
774:Mary Frere
646:Paddington
636:in 1909);
551:newspapers
463:John Frere
431:Early life
344:Alma mater
34:references
3186:1814–1910
3136:1806–1814
3028:Ron Cooke
2961:John Hunt
2863:Percy Cox
2522:New title
2315:cite book
2212:. Knopf.
2053:. Murray.
1844:Anon 1878
1663:1 October
1571:Zulu Dawn
1499:2263/8556
1480:2263/8556
1357:Memorials
1347:Wimbledon
1191:Zulu wars
1183:Transvaal
1112:Cetshwayo
1039:Transvaal
991:Boer Wars
975:Transvaal
793:Cambridge
688:in 1849.
654:Wimbledon
425:Whitehall
421:Gladstone
330:, England
254:1877–1880
250:In office
203:1862–1867
199:In office
151:1851–1859
147:In office
59:June 2023
2470:1862–67
2443:1851–59
2251:(2008).
2025:(1941).
2011:(1902).
1885:cite web
1875:18 March
1578:See also
1532:(1900).
1518:(1900).
1280:Transkei
1195:Pretoria
1129:Zululand
1069:Transkei
1037:and the
1035:Zululand
1019:Merriman
931:dominion
831:Zanzibar
262:Victoria
211:Victoria
160:Victoria
2536:Baronet
2414:at the
2405:at the
2366::
1548:on the
1424:Mombasa
1384:Karachi
1278:of the
1272:Lesotho
1243:Basotho
1054:Gcaleka
1015:Molteno
867:baronet
853:on the
728:(KCB).
716:in the
712:and to
565:scholar
338:British
317:, Wales
311:Clydach
259:Monarch
208:Monarch
156:Monarch
47:improve
2360:
2303:
2282:
2261:
2237:
2216:
2195:
2163:
2142:
2121:
2100:
2079:
1554:Russia
1451:Frerea
1420:Durban
1376:1877.
1286:Recall
1091:puppet
1050:Mfengu
907:
901:
894:
892:
841:, the
821:, 1873
803:Africa
789:Oxford
762:Kirkee
718:Punjab
710:Multan
620:Bitton
567:
560:
553:
546:
538:
290:acting
36:, but
1595:Notes
1333:Death
1276:Xhosa
1203:Natal
1187:Boers
1072:Xhosa
815:' in
698:Sindh
670:Poona
660:India
572:JSTOR
558:books
389:India
378:
376:,
371:
369:,
115:
111:
107:
2321:link
2301:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2077:ISBN
1891:link
1877:2013
1720:2022
1665:2017
1241:The
1170:The
1155:The
1067:The
1052:and
989:and
791:and
785:GCSI
544:news
373:GCSI
322:Died
305:Born
272:Sir
221:Sir
113:GCSI
2396:at
2375:".
1997:doi
1568:in
1495:hdl
1476:hdl
1382:in
1298:at
869:or
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813:Spy
527:by
403:'s
366:GCB
109:GCB
97:Sir
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2317:}}
2313:{{
1991:.
1911:^
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449:c.
439:,
419:,
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105:Bt
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1972:.
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1879:.
1846:.
1834:.
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1482:.
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1009:.
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588:(
583:)
579:(
569:·
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555:·
548:·
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85:.
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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