382:, serum levels of IgA are high in HSP and there are identical findings on renal biopsy; however, IgA nephropathy has a predilection for young adults while HSP is more predominant among children. Further, IgA nephropathy typically only affects the kidneys while HSP is a systemic disease. HSP involves the skin and connective tissues, scrotum, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. The genetic basis remains unclear except for involvement of the human leukocyte antigen region of the genome. It is hypothesized to involve autoimmunity triggered by infections. Streptococcus strains and Parainfluenza virus are the most commonly associated pathogens, and in children Human Parvovirus B19 is a frequent viral trigger
391:
378:(C3) are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules (hence it is a type III hypersensitivity reaction). The activation of the alternative complement pathway results in the deposition of IgA aggregates or IgA complexes in target organs (with deposition of C3). This leads to the production of inflammatory mediators, including vascular prostaglandins like prostacyclin, which may play a key role in the development of IgAV and its organ-specific clinical manifestations. As with
46:
256:(IgA); the exact cause for this phenomenon is unknown. In children, it usually resolves within several weeks and requires no treatment apart from symptom control but may relapse in a third of cases and cause irreversible kidney damage in about one in a hundred cases. In adults, the prognosis is different from in children. The average duration of cutaneous lesions is 27.9 months. For many, it tends to be
904:
521:
281:
269:
852:(ESKD) more often than in children. In a UK series of 37 patients, 10 (27%) developed advanced kidney disease. Proteinuria, hypertension at presentation, and pathology features (crescentic changes, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy) predicted progression. About 20% of children that exhibit nephrotic or nephritic features experience long permanent renal impairment.
734:(PReS) classification, include palpable purpura as a mandatory criterion, together with at least one of the following findings: diffuse abdominal pain, predominant IgA deposition (confirmed on skin biopsy), acute arthritis in any joint, and renal involvement (as evidenced by the presence of blood and/or protein in the urine).
939:
in 1799 .In 1920, Eduard
Glanzmann(1887-1959), a Swiss pediatrician noted for his contributions in the fields of infectious disease, vitamin therapy and, mostly the field of haematology. He recognised the role of allergy in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hence the understanding of the
787:
as treatment for HSP. However, if they are given early in the disease episode, the duration of symptoms may be shortened, and abdominal pain can improve significantly. Moreover, the chance of severe kidney problems may be reduced. A systematic review did not find any evidence that steroid treatment
859:
correlate with the severity of symptoms: those with asymptomatic hematuria may only have focal mesangial proliferation while those with proteinuria may have marked cellular proliferation or even crescent formation. The number of crescentic glomeruli is an important prognostic factor in determining
839:
Overall prognosis is good in most patients, with one study showing recovery occurring in 94% and 89% of children and adults, respectively (some having needed treatment). In children under ten, the condition recurs in about a third of all cases, usually within the four months of the initial attack.
307:. The purpura typically appear on the legs and buttocks, but may also be seen on the arms, face and trunk. The abdominal pain is colicky in character, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. There may be blood or mucus in the stools. The joints involved tend to be the
795:
Evidence of worsening kidney damage would normally prompt a kidney biopsy. Treatment may be indicated on the basis of the appearance of the biopsy sample; various treatments may be used, ranging from steroids by mouth to a combination of intravenous
948:
mechanism of HSP. In 2012, the
International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides renamed HSP IgA vasculitis. Prior to this, the disease was more often known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura rather than the reverse.
782:
and ulcerations occur. It is uncertain as to whether HSP needs treatment beyond controlling the symptoms. Most people do not receive therapy because of the high spontaneous recovery rate. Experts disagree on whether to routinely use
923:(1793–1864). Johann Schönlein described the condition as an entity in 1837; Eduard Heinrich Henoch in 1868 reported the first case of a patient with colic, bloody diarrhea, painful joints, and a rash. The English physician
532:
using an anti-IgA antibody, the skin is a biopsy of a patient with Henoch–Schönlein purpura. IgA deposits are found in the walls of small superficial capillaries (yellow arrows). The pale wavy green area on top is the
871:
is found for a patient on RRT, the disease will recur in the graft (transplanted kidney) in about 35% of cases, and in 11%, the graft will fail completely (requiring resumption of the RRT and a further transplant).
2459:
2438:
1608:
Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. (August 1990). "The
American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura".
2147:
Gardner-Medwin JM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C, Southwood TR (October 2002). "Incidence of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins".
497:
may be performed both to establish the diagnosis or to assess the severity of already suspected kidney disease. The main findings on kidney biopsy are increased cells and Ig deposition in the
831:
agent prevents persistent kidney disease. There is also no evidence that treating children or adults with cyclophosphamide prevents severe kidney disease. Heparin treatment is not justified.
731:
1711:
Murali NS, George R, John GT, Chandi SM, Jacob M, Jeyaseelan L, et al. (June 2002). "Problems of classification of Henoch
Schonlein purpura: an Indian perspective".
1091:
2579:
628:. Several diseases have been reported to be associated with HSP, often without a causative link. Only in about 35% of cases can HSP be traced to any of these causes.
350:(generalised swelling due to low protein content of the blood). While abnormalities on urinalysis may continue for a long time, only 1% of all HSP patients develop
299:
are known as the "classic triad" of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Purpura occur in all cases, joint pains and arthritis in 80%, and abdominal pain in 62%. Some include
327:(blood in the urine), but only a quarter will have this in sufficient quantities to be noticeable without laboratory tests. Problems in other organs, such as the
1581:
Michel BA, Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH (May 1992). "Hypersensitivity vasculitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a comparison between the 2 disorders".
486:, digestive tract hemorrhage (not due to intussussception), hematuria and age less than 20. The presence of three or more of these indicators has an 87%
362:
of the kidney if performed, may predict progression to advanced kidney disease. Adults are more likely than children to develop advanced kidney disease.
319:, but arthritis in the hands and feet is possible; the arthritis is nonerosive and hence causes no permanent deformity. Forty percent have evidence of
631:
The exact cause of HSP is unknown, but most of its features are due to the deposition of abnormal antibodies in the wall of blood vessels, leading to
3058:
1644:
2572:
3430:
3296:
3190:
919:
the pioneer of neurology who published his classic textbook between 1840 and 1846 and the first to describe
Romberg's sign.) and his teacher
2191:
2565:
1204:
Fauci AS (1987). "269:The
Vasculitis Syndromes". In Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Fauci AS (eds.).
482:(HV). In a series comparing 85 HSP patients with 93 HV patients, five symptoms were found to be indicative of HSP: palpable purpura,
3141:
3136:
2737:
3092:
895:
Cases of HSP may occur anytime throughout the year, but some studies have found that fewer cases occur during the summer months.
2914:
2343:
2306:
1213:
1033:
719:(ACR) classification and the 1994 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC). Some have reported the ACR criteria to be more
1117:
441:
437:
408:
The diagnosis is based on the combination of the symptoms, as very few other diseases cause the same symptoms together.
3425:
3342:
759:
727:
304:
3357:
3321:
3183:
3131:
2909:
958:
881:
707:. In HSP and IgAN, these sugar chains appear to be deficient. The exact reason for these abnormalities is not known.
3282:
2768:
716:
436:
count may be raised, and distinguishes it from diseases where low platelets are the cause of the purpura, such as
3352:
2950:
2812:
892:
of HSP in children is about 20 per 100,000 children per year, making it the most common vasculitis in children.
935:
has fallen into disuse. Moreover, Willan was the first to describe an exanthematous rash of childhood known as
429:
2807:
3030:
510:
3420:
3176:
3087:
747:
1489:
López-Mejías R, Castañeda S, Genre F, Remuzgo-Martínez S, Carmona FD, Llorca J, et al. (March 2018).
647:) or decreased removal of abnormal IgA from the circulation. It is suspected that abnormalities in the IgA
3347:
2989:
2792:
888:
are below the age of six, and 90% are under ten. It occurs about twice as often in boys as in girls. The
479:
460:
2545:
597:
and numerous others. Drugs linked to HSP, usually as an idiosyncratic reaction, include the antibiotics
3248:
3020:
2698:
1648:
821:
221:), but this usually goes unnoticed; in a small proportion of cases, the kidney involvement proceeds to
3313:
3050:
2873:
2049:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura in adulthood and childhood: two different expressions of the same syndrome"
1292:"Henoch Schönlein purpura with nephritis in adults: adverse prognostic indicators in a UK population"
651:
molecule may provide an explanation for its abnormal behaviour in both HSP and the related condition
390:
300:
920:
688:
3301:
2964:
2733:
2719:
2474:
2047:
Blanco R, Martínez-Taboada VM, Rodríguez-Valverde V, García-Fuentes M, González-Gay MA (May 1997).
889:
849:
755:
451:
of the skin may be performed to distinguish the purpura from other diseases that cause it, such as
358:(high blood pressure) may occur. Protein loss and high blood pressure, as well as the features on
303:
as a fourth criterion; this occurs in 33% of cases, sometimes, but not necessarily always, due to
3215:
2837:
2600:
916:
257:
3230:
742:
Henoch–Schönlein purpura may present with an atypical manifestation, which can be confused with
683:. The majority of the serines and the threonines have elaborate sugar chains, connected through
3258:
3207:
2968:
912:
696:
550:
375:
351:
338:
Of the 40% of patients who develop kidney involvement, almost all have evidence (visible or on
328:
260:
over a long period of time, rather than self-limiting and there tend to be more complications.
222:
2514:
1051:"Prognostic factors in leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a clinicopathologic study of 160 patients"
3405:
3382:
2227:
2273:
1997:"Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)"
1670:
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL, et al. (February 1994).
3377:
3238:
3220:
3126:
3121:
3105:
3015:
2945:
2802:
2714:
2557:
2101:
1165:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. Report of 100 patients and review of the literature"
936:
931:(1757–1812) had already described the disease in 1802 and 1808, respectively, but the name
558:
394:
2833:
1672:"Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference"
980:"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides"
643:; it is uncertain whether the main cause is overproduction (in the digestive tract or the
8:
3415:
3410:
3199:
2463:
1756:"EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides"
720:
575:
502:
487:
398:
3148:
2105:
978:
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, et al. (January 2013).
3153:
3035:
3025:
2919:
2845:
2817:
2797:
2634:
2592:
2219:
2172:
2124:
2089:
2021:
1996:
1967:
1942:
1918:
1893:
1821:
1804:
1780:
1755:
1736:
1491:"Genetics of immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura): An updated review"
1408:
1383:
1359:
1332:
1269:
797:
529:
464:
425:
347:
2468:
2160:
2046:
2855:
2850:
2650:
2639:
2485:
2401:
2339:
2302:
2211:
2164:
2129:
2070:
2026:
1972:
1923:
1874:
1826:
1785:
1728:
1724:
1693:
1625:
1590:
1563:
1522:
1471:
1413:
1364:
1313:
1261:
1257:
1209:
1186:
1181:
1164:
1129:
1072:
1029:
1001:
868:
828:
770:
As of 2017, the optimal way to treat Henoch–Schönlein purpura remains controversial.
668:
472:
141:
2176:
1754:
Ozen S, Ruperto N, Dillon MJ, Bagga A, Barron K, Davin JC, et al. (July 2006).
1740:
1273:
792:) is effective at decreasing the likelihood of developing long-term kidney disease.
3243:
2899:
2750:
2745:
2686:
2613:
2588:
2525:
2393:
2331:
2223:
2203:
2156:
2119:
2109:
2060:
2016:
2012:
2008:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1913:
1905:
1864:
1816:
1775:
1767:
1720:
1683:
1617:
1553:
1512:
1502:
1461:
1403:
1395:
1354:
1344:
1303:
1253:
1176:
1062:
991:
924:
801:
715:
Multiple standards exist for defining Henoch–Schönlein purpura, including the 1990
691:). This process is thought to stabilise the IgA molecule and make it less prone to
534:
506:
483:
456:
371:
253:
186:
69:
39:
IgA vasculitis, anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, Schönlein–Henoch purpura
2207:
3040:
3010:
2894:
2822:
2676:
2629:
2479:
2335:
2114:
1507:
1490:
784:
751:
652:
514:
475:) in the blood vessel wall. However, overall serum complement levels are normal.
468:
379:
178:
174:
19:
2531:
2528:
2248:
1290:
Shrestha S, Sumingan N, Tan J, Alhous H, McWilliam L, Ballardie F (April 2006).
2924:
2878:
2671:
2534:
2369:
2364:
2323:
1067:
1050:
566:
562:
296:
249:
194:
2490:
2447:
1349:
1137:
3399:
3099:
2691:
2405:
941:
928:
625:
606:
546:
1943:"Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis"
1894:"Effects of corticosteroid on Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a systematic review"
1771:
370:
Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis in which complexes of
3267:
2994:
2784:
2666:
2655:
2215:
2168:
2133:
2065:
2048:
2030:
1976:
1927:
1909:
1878:
1830:
1789:
1732:
1688:
1671:
1621:
1567:
1526:
1475:
1368:
1317:
1308:
1291:
1265:
1190:
1005:
864:
856:
809:
805:
355:
245:
241:
146:
45:
2074:
1869:
1852:
1697:
1629:
1594:
1558:
1541:
1488:
1466:
1449:
1417:
1133:
1076:
1049:
Sais G, Vidaller A, Jucglà A, Servitje O, Condom E, Peyri J (March 1998).
2681:
2661:
2645:
2509:
2382:"H20: <scp>Henoch–Schönlein</scp> purpura: what's in a name?"
2088:
Watson L, Richardson AR, Holt RC, Jones CA, Beresford MW (January 2012).
1399:
880:
HSP occurs more often in children than in adults, and usually follows an
704:
692:
644:
554:
343:
230:
218:
2430:
2146:
1892:
Weiss PF, Feinstein JA, Luan X, Burnham JM, Feudtner C (November 2007).
335:
may occur, but is much less common than in the skin, bowel and kidneys.
1517:
789:
775:
664:
632:
621:
617:
602:
598:
593:
570:
452:
413:
409:
339:
237:
190:
150:
3168:
2397:
1384:"Abnormalities of vascular prostaglandins in Henoch-Schönlein purpura"
996:
979:
346:(protein in the urine), which in one eighth is severe enough to cause
2520:
771:
700:
680:
613:
609:
525:
498:
402:
324:
292:
226:
214:
2381:
98:
2540:
827:
There is no good evidence that treating children who have HSP with
817:
779:
433:
432:(ESR) results; none are specific for Henoch–Schönlein purpura. The
54:
2301:. Landmarks in medicine series. Boca Raton: Parthenon Pub. Group.
1645:"1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schönlein purpura"
1331:
Song Y, Huang X, Yu G, Qiao J, Cheng J, Wu J, et al. (2021).
189:(small, raised areas of bleeding underneath the skin), often with
2604:
945:
813:
672:
640:
588:
580:
478:
On the basis of symptoms, it is possible to distinguish HSP from
288:
273:
206:
2090:"Henoch schonlein purpura--a 5-year review and proposed pathway"
3290:
3276:
2973:
2442:
885:
684:
676:
538:
494:
448:
359:
320:
198:
2322:
Beighton P, Beighton G (1997), Beighton P, Beighton G (eds.),
1092:"Treatment Challenges, Uncertainty Abound with IgA Vasculitis"
2940:
2608:
903:
743:
584:
520:
316:
308:
210:
202:
182:
2587:
1851:
Hetland LE, Susrud KS, Lindahl KH, Bygum A (November 2017).
1642:
1540:
Hetland LE, Susrud KS, Lindahl KH, Bygum A (November 2017).
2452:
513:. The changes are indistinguishable from those observed in
417:
332:
312:
280:
170:
122:
107:
84:
78:
1580:
1208:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 1441.
1048:
268:
119:
95:
2087:
1891:
1850:
1669:
1607:
1539:
1382:
Turi S, Belch JJ, Beattie TJ, Forbes CD (February 1986).
1289:
1244:
Saulsbury FT (January 2001). "Henoch-Schönlein purpura".
660:
447:
If there is doubt about the cause of the skin lesions, a
421:
860:
whether the patient will develop chronic renal disease.
840:
Recurrence is more common in older children and adults.
808:
followed by prednisone. Other regimens include steroids/
671:-fixating regions 1 and 2. Of the amino acids, half is
1995:
Hahn D, Hodson EM, Willis NS, Craig JC (August 2015).
1805:"Atypical clinical course of Henoch-Schonlein purpura"
1753:
1710:
1381:
1333:"Pathogenesis of IgA Vasculitis: An Up-To-Date Review"
1994:
1023:
977:
284:
More severe case of HSP on child's foot, leg, and arm
201:
involvement, there may be a loss of small amounts of
125:
110:
101:
87:
81:
2420:
1083:
867:
or equivalent renal replacement therapy (RRT). If a
104:
116:
92:
75:
72:
2140:
342:) of blood in the urine. More than half also have
812:, and steroids/cyclophosphamide (with or without
774:may be needed for the abdominal and joint pains.
3397:
3059:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
2321:
1940:
1853:"Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review"
1542:"Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review"
1330:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1115:
2042:
2040:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1285:
1283:
944:is also the first to recognise the underlying
915:(1820–1910), a German pediatrician (nephew of
3297:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
3184:
2573:
1941:Hahn D, Hodson EM, Craig JC (February 2023).
1454:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1885:
1704:
1447:
1222:
1151:
848:In adults, kidney involvement progresses to
2081:
2037:
2001:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1990:
1988:
1986:
1947:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1837:
1663:
1636:
1601:
1574:
1280:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1042:
1024:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
3191:
3177:
2580:
2566:
2192:"Epidemiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura"
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1116:Kraft DM, Mckee D, Scott C (August 1998).
1019:
1017:
1015:
635:. These antibodies are of the subclass IgA
459:; on microscopy, the appearances are of a
44:
2189:
2123:
2113:
2064:
2020:
1966:
1917:
1868:
1820:
1796:
1779:
1687:
1557:
1516:
1506:
1465:
1407:
1358:
1348:
1307:
1243:
1180:
1162:
1066:
995:
971:
737:
1983:
1448:Rai A, Nast C, Adler S (December 1999).
1203:
1102:
902:
519:
389:
279:
267:
248:) and is characterized by deposition of
3198:
3093:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2271:
1424:
1089:
1012:
420:levels (in kidney involvement), raised
3398:
726:More recent classifications, the 2006
545:HSP can develop after infections with
3431:Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
3172:
2915:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
2561:
1802:
1713:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
843:
263:
2330:, London: Springer, pp. 62–63,
2196:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
1450:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis"
1206:Harrison's Book of Internal Medicine
1118:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a review"
2296:
655:. One of the characteristics of IgA
442:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
438:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
401:of a patient with Henoch–Schönlein
323:involvement, mainly in the form of
13:
3343:Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
1643:American College of Rheumatology.
927:(1710–1801) and the dermatologist
760:acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
728:European League Against Rheumatism
528:of human skin prepared for direct
424:levels (in about 50%), and raised
365:
185:. In the skin, the disease causes
53:Typical purpura on lower legs and
14:
3442:
3358:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
3322:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
3132:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
2416:
959:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
882:upper respiratory tract infection
710:
537:, the bottom fibrous area is the
3283:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
2769:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
1760:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
1725:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01063.x
1388:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1258:10.1097/00002281-200101000-00006
1182:10.1097/00005792-199911000-00005
717:American College of Rheumatology
551:β-haemolytic, Lancefield group A
68:
3353:Bullous small vessel vasculitis
2951:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
2813:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
2374:
2357:
2315:
2290:
2265:
2241:
2183:
1934:
1747:
1533:
1482:
1375:
1324:
1246:Current Opinion in Rheumatology
875:
2386:British Journal of Dermatology
2328:The Person Behind the Syndrome
2013:10.1002/14651858.CD005128.pub3
1959:10.1002/14651858.CD005128.pub4
1197:
1163:Saulsbury FT (November 1999).
863:In ESKD, some eventually need
732:Pediatric Rheumatology Society
675:, while the others are mainly
430:erythrocyte sedimentation rate
225:. HSP is often preceded by an
1:
3031:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
2208:10.3949/ccjm.69.suppl_2.sii87
2161:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11279-7
964:
824:(IVIG) is occasionally used.
667:-long "hinge region" between
3088:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2336:10.1007/978-1-4471-0925-9_31
2299:Dates in infectious diseases
2115:10.1371/journal.pone.0029512
1508:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.024
834:
765:
748:systemic lupus erythematosus
699:(GalNAc), followed by other
695:. The first sugar is always
505:, where blood is filtered),
385:
331:(brain and spinal cord) and
7:
3348:Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
3154:Systemic autoimmune disease
2990:Allergic contact dermatitis
2910:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
2793:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
1583:The Journal of Rheumatology
952:
940:allergic component in HSP.
911:The disease is named after
663:) is the presence of an 18
480:hypersensitivity vasculitis
461:hypersensitivity vasculitis
301:gastrointestinal hemorrhage
181:that most commonly affects
10:
3447:
3249:Thromboangiitis obliterans
2660:common allergies include:
2249:"Schönlein-Henoch purpura"
1857:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
1546:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
1090:Collins TR (August 2016).
1068:10.1001/archderm.134.3.309
898:
822:Intravenous immunoglobulin
616:, anti-inflammatory agent
17:
3426:Ailments of unknown cause
3370:
3335:
3314:Type III hypersensitivity
3312:
3266:
3257:
3229:
3206:
3114:
3080:
3071:
3049:
3003:
2982:
2963:
2933:
2887:
2872:
2831:
2783:
2776:
2762:
2732:
2707:
2622:
2599:
2500:
2424:
1811:(Review. Case Reports.).
1809:Canadian Family Physician
1350:10.3389/fimmu.2021.771619
1122:American Family Physician
886:Half of affected patients
509:, and the development of
140:
60:
52:
43:
35:
30:
3302:Microscopic polyangiitis
2905:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
2720:Eosinophilic esophagitis
2365:Schönlein-Henoch purpura
2272:Hellman N (2008-09-23).
2202:(Suppl 2): SII87–SII89.
2053:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1676:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1610:Arthritis and Rheumatism
984:Arthritis and Rheumatism
850:end-stage kidney disease
756:dermatitis herpetiformis
723:than those of the CHCC.
252:containing the antibody
159:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
31:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
18:Not to be confused with
3021:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2808:Guillain–Barré syndrome
1803:Lawee D (August 2008).
1772:10.1136/ard.2005.046300
1337:Frontiers in Immunology
1055:Archives of Dermatology
933:Heberden–Willan disease
917:Moritz Heinrich Romberg
3122:Autoimmune adrenalitis
2392:(S1): 193. July 2022.
2066:10.1002/art.1780400513
1910:10.1542/peds.2007-0667
1689:10.1002/art.1780370206
1622:10.1002/art.1780330809
921:Johann Lukas Schönlein
913:Eduard Heinrich Henoch
908:
907:Johann Lukas Schönlein
738:Differential diagnosis
697:N-acetyl-galactosamine
542:
405:
376:complement component 3
352:chronic kidney disease
329:central nervous system
285:
277:
223:chronic kidney disease
177:, and sometimes other
169:, is a disease of the
2190:Saulsbury FT (2002).
1870:10.2340/00015555-2733
1559:10.2340/00015555-2733
1467:10.1681/ASN.V10122637
906:
524:Microphotograph of a
523:
467:demonstrates IgA and
393:
283:
271:
3378:Goodpasture syndrome
3239:Polyarteritis nodosa
3221:Giant cell arteritis
3216:Takayasu's arteritis
3127:Autoimmune hepatitis
3106:Transplant rejection
3016:Giant cell arteritis
2946:Rheumatoid arthritis
2803:Goodpasture syndrome
2715:Autoimmune urticaria
2297:Lee HS, ed. (2002).
2278:Renal Fellow Network
1495:Autoimmunity Reviews
1400:10.1136/adc.61.2.173
1309:10.1093/qjmed/hcl034
1028:. St. Louis: Mosby.
937:erythema infectiosum
559:herpes simplex virus
526:histological section
490:for predicting HSP.
3421:Autoimmune diseases
3200:Systemic vasculitis
2593:autoimmune diseases
2324:"GLANZMANN, Eduard"
2274:"Maladie de Berger"
2155:(9341): 1197–1202.
2106:2012PLoSO...729512W
576:Helicobacter pylori
397:showing IgA in the
258:relapsing–remitting
3383:Sneddon's syndrome
3036:Reactive arthritis
3026:Multiple sclerosis
2920:Reactive arthritis
2818:Pemphigus vulgaris
2798:Bullous pemphigoid
2699:Penicillin allergy
2635:Allergic urticaria
2501:External resources
2253:www.whonamedit.com
1096:The Rheumatologist
909:
844:Kidney involvement
798:methylprednisolone
543:
530:immunofluorescence
471:(a protein of the
465:immunofluorescence
426:C-reactive protein
412:may show elevated
406:
348:nephrotic syndrome
286:
278:
264:Signs and symptoms
236:HSP is a systemic
3391:
3390:
3366:
3365:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3067:
3066:
2959:
2958:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2856:Pernicious anemia
2851:Myasthenia gravis
2728:
2727:
2651:Atopic dermatitis
2640:Allergic rhinitis
2555:
2554:
2398:10.1111/bjd.21511
2345:978-1-4471-0925-9
2308:978-1-84214-150-2
1863:(10): 1160–1166.
1552:(10): 1160–1166.
1460:(12): 2637–2644.
1215:978-0-07-079454-2
1128:(2): 405–8, 411.
1035:978-1-4160-2999-1
997:10.1002/art.37715
869:kidney transplant
744:papular urticaria
507:white blood cells
473:complement system
165:), also known as
156:
155:
25:Medical condition
3438:
3264:
3263:
3244:Kawasaki disease
3193:
3186:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3149:Sjögren syndrome
3078:
3077:
2980:
2979:
2885:
2884:
2781:
2780:
2760:
2759:
2620:
2619:
2589:Hypersensitivity
2582:
2575:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2422:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2378:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2226:. Archived from
2187:
2181:
2180:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2117:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2024:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1904:(5): 1079–1087.
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1815:(8): 1117–1120.
1800:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1647:. Archived from
1640:
1634:
1633:
1616:(8): 1114–1121.
1605:
1599:
1598:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1445:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1241:
1220:
1219:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1184:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1136:. Archived from
1113:
1100:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1021:
1010:
1009:
999:
975:
925:William Heberden
855:The findings on
802:cyclophosphamide
778:is warranted if
484:abdominal angina
457:cryoglobulinemia
372:immunoglobulin A
254:immunoglobulin A
250:immune complexes
231:throat infection
187:palpable purpura
175:mucous membranes
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
48:
28:
27:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3362:
3331:
3308:
3253:
3225:
3202:
3197:
3167:
3158:
3110:
3073:
3063:
3045:
3041:Type 1 diabetes
3011:Coeliac disease
2999:
2971:
2955:
2929:
2895:Arthus reaction
2876:
2860:
2846:Graves' disease
2827:
2823:Rheumatic fever
2772:
2740:
2724:
2703:
2630:Allergic asthma
2611:
2595:
2586:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2496:
2495:
2450:
2433:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2188:
2184:
2145:
2141:
2086:
2082:
2045:
2038:
2007:(8): CD005128.
1993:
1984:
1953:(2): CD005128.
1939:
1935:
1890:
1886:
1849:
1838:
1801:
1797:
1752:
1748:
1709:
1705:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1651:on 27 July 2011
1641:
1637:
1606:
1602:
1579:
1575:
1538:
1534:
1487:
1483:
1446:
1425:
1380:
1376:
1329:
1325:
1288:
1281:
1242:
1223:
1216:
1202:
1198:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1114:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1022:
1013:
976:
972:
967:
955:
901:
878:
846:
837:
785:corticosteroids
768:
752:meningococcemia
740:
713:
689:O-glycosylation
658:
653:IgA nephropathy
650:
638:
515:IgA nephropathy
388:
380:IgA nephropathy
368:
366:Pathophysiology
305:intussusception
266:
136:
115:
91:
71:
67:
26:
23:
20:IgA nephropathy
12:
11:
5:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3327:IgA vasculitis
3324:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2977:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2925:Serum sickness
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2882:
2879:Immune complex
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2617:
2597:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2537:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2471:
2456:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:Classification
2418:
2417:External links
2415:
2412:
2411:
2373:
2356:
2344:
2314:
2307:
2289:
2264:
2240:
2182:
2139:
2080:
2059:(5): 859–864.
2036:
1982:
1933:
1884:
1836:
1795:
1766:(7): 936–941.
1746:
1719:(4): 260–263.
1703:
1682:(2): 187–192.
1662:
1635:
1600:
1589:(5): 721–728.
1573:
1532:
1501:(3): 301–315.
1481:
1423:
1394:(2): 173–177.
1374:
1323:
1302:(4): 253–265.
1279:
1221:
1214:
1196:
1175:(6): 395–409.
1150:
1101:
1082:
1061:(3): 309–315.
1041:
1034:
1011:
969:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
954:
951:
900:
897:
877:
874:
845:
842:
836:
833:
767:
764:
739:
736:
712:
711:Classification
709:
656:
648:
636:
607:ACE inhibitors
567:Coxsackievirus
563:parvovirus B19
493:Biopsy of the
395:Immunostaining
387:
384:
367:
364:
297:abdominal pain
265:
262:
195:abdominal pain
167:IgA vasculitis
154:
153:
144:
138:
137:
135:
134:
64:
62:
58:
57:
50:
49:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3443:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3394:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3231:Medium vessel
3228:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:Latex allergy
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2969:cell-mediated
2966:
2962:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Farmer's lung
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2370:Who Named It?
2367:
2366:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2230:on 2020-03-27
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:(1): e29512.
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1782:
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3400:Categories
3115:Autoimmune
3004:Autoimmune
2934:Autoimmune
2777:Autoimmune
2708:Autoimmune
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780:skin death
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665:amino acid
633:vasculitis
622:ranitidine
618:diclofenac
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571:adenovirus
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453:vasculitis
414:creatinine
399:glomerulus
374:(IgA) and
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681:threonine
614:captopril
610:enalapril
535:epidermis
511:crescents
499:mesangium
428:(CRP) or
403:nephritis
386:Diagnosis
325:hematuria
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