775:
880:
33:
701:
3021:
746:. It may cause these organs to increase in size substantially. During fetal development, since bones and thus the bone marrow develop later, the liver functions as the main haematopoietic organ. Therefore, the liver is enlarged during development. Extramedullary haematopoiesis and myelopoiesis may supply
364:
The root for erythrocyte colony-forming units (CFU-E) is "rubri", for granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming units (CFU-GM) is "granulo" or "myelo" and "mono", for lymphocyte colony-forming units (CFU-L) is "lympho" and for megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg) is "megakaryo". According to this
1078:
factor, which is important in B cell development and associated with lymphomas. Surprisingly, pax5 conditional knock out mice allowed peripheral mature B cells to de-differentiate to early bone marrow progenitors. These findings show that transcription factors act as caretakers of differentiation
927:
Red and white blood cell production is regulated with great precision in healthy humans, and the production of leukocytes is rapidly increased during infection. The proliferation and self-renewal of these cells depend on growth factors. One of the key players in self-renewal and development of
866:
at a sevenfold higher rate than the rest of the population. Furthermore, it was shown that if allowed to grow, this subpopulation re-established the original subpopulation of cells, supporting the theory that this is a stochastic, reversible process. Another level at which stochasticity may be
1036:. From this point, cells can either differentiate along the Erythroid-megakaryocyte lineage or lymphoid and myeloid lineage, which have common progenitor, called lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor. There are two main transcription factors. PU.1 for Erythroid-megakaryocyte lineage and
222:) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types and tissues. HSCs are self-renewing cells: when they differentiate, at least some of their daughter cells remain as HSCs so the pool of stem cells is not depleted. This phenomenon is called
343:
Between 1948 and 1950, the
Committee for Clarification of the Nomenclature of Cells and Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs issued reports on the nomenclature of blood cells. An overview of the terminology is shown below, from earliest to final stage of development:
1867:
Dutta, P; Hoyer, FF; Grigoryeva, LS; Sager, HB; Leuschner, F; Courties, G; Borodovsky, A; Novobrantseva, T; Ruda, VM; Fitzgerald, K; Iwamoto, Y; Wojtkiewicz, G; Sun, Y; Da Silva, N; Libby, P; Anderson, DG; Swirski, FK; Weissleder, R; Nahrendorf, M (6 April 2015).
845:
undifferentiated blood cells differentiate to specific cell types by randomness. This theory has been supported by experiments showing that within a population of mouse haematopoietic progenitor cells, underlying stochastic variability in the distribution of
837:
theory of haematopoiesis, saying that colony stimulating factors and other factors of the haematopoietic microenvironment determine the cells to follow a certain path of cell differentiation. This is the classical way of describing haematopoiesis. In
1117:. Very important finding is, that different zinc fingers are involved in binding to different place in DNA and this is the reason for pleiotropic effect of Ikaros and different involvement in cancer, but mainly are mutations associated with
824:). These changes can often be tracked by monitoring the presence of proteins on the surface of the cell. Each successive change moves the cell closer to the final cell type and further limits its potential to become a different cell type.
365:
terminology, the stages of red blood cell formation would be: rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, and erythrocyte. However, the following nomenclature seems to be, at present, the most prevalent:
832:
Two models for haematopoiesis have been proposed: determinism and stochastic theory. For the stem cells and other undifferentiated blood cells in the bone marrow, the determination is generally explained by the
808:
For clarity, the T and B lymphocyte are split to better indicate that the plasma cell arises from the B-cell. Note that there is no difference in the appearance of B- and T-cells unless specific staining is
2947:
Old JM, Deane EM (2000). Development of the immune system and immunological protection in marsupial pouch young. Developmental and
Comparative Immunology. 24(5), 445-454. DOI: 10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00008-2
1809:
Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M, Etzrodt M, Wildgruber M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Panizzi P, Figueiredo JL, Kohler RH, Chudnovskiy A, Waterman P, Aikawa E, Mempel TR, Libby P, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ (30 July 2009).
782:
The morphological characteristics of the hematopoietic cells are shown as seen in a Wright's stain, May-Giemsa stain or May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Alternative names of certain cells are indicated between
234:
progenitor cells) can follow any of the other differentiation pathways that lead to the production of one or more specific types of blood cell, but cannot renew themselves. The pool of progenitors is
728:
develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism. However, maturation, activation, and some proliferation of lymphoid cells occurs in the spleen,
1373:
Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S (March 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells".
867:
important is in the process of apoptosis and self-renewal. In this case, the haematopoietic microenvironment prevails upon some of the cells to survive and some, on the other hand, to perform
732:, and lymph nodes. In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.
196:. In a healthy adult human, roughly ten billion (10) to a hundred billion (10) new blood cells are produced per day, in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation.
2506:
Thompson, Elizabeth C.; Cobb, Bradley S.; Sabbattini, Pierangela; Meixlsperger, Sonja; Parelho, Vania; Liberg, David; Taylor, Benjamin; Dillon, Niall; Georgopoulos, Katia (1 March 2007).
1017:
results in myeloid commitment, and short-term induction of PU.1 activity leads to the formation of immature eosinophils. Recently, it was reported that transcription factors such as
238:
and can be divided into two groups; long-term self-renewing HSC and only transiently self-renewing HSC, also called short-terms. This is one of the main vital processes in the body.
789:
Together, the monocyte and the lymphocytes comprise the agranulocytes, as opposed to the granulocytes (basophil, neutrophil and eosinophil) that are produced during granulopoiesis.
2390:
Ho, PA; Alonzo, TA; Gerbing, RB; Pollard, J; Stirewalt, DL; Hurwitz, C; Heerema, NA; Hirsch, B; Raimondi, SC; Lange, B; Franklin, JL; Radich, JP; Meshinchi, S (25 June 2009).
1071:
in monocytes and dendritic cell development. It is important to note that processes are not unidirectional: differentiated cells may regain attributes of progenitor cells.
792:
B., N. and E. stand for
Basophilic, Neutrophilic and Eosinophilic, respectively – as in Basophilic promyelocyte. For lymphocytes, the T and B are actual designations.
2555:
Suzuki, Junpei; Maruyama, Saho; Tamauchi, Hidekazu; Kuwahara, Makoto; Horiuchi, Mika; Mizuki, Masumi; Ochi, Mizuki; Sawasaki, Tatsuya; Zhu, Jinfang (1 April 2016).
3827:
1013:. Growth factors elicit different outcomes depending on the combination of factors and the cell's stage of differentiation. For example, long-term expression of
2849:
Schjerven, H; McLaughlin, J; Arenzana, TL; Frietze, S; Cheng, D; Wadsworth, SE; Lawson, GW; Bensinger, SJ; Farnham, PJ; Witte, ON; Smale, ST (October 2013).
3083:
1067:). Significantly, certain factors elicit different responses at different stages in the haematopoiesis. For example, CEBPα in neutrophil development or
871:
and die. By regulating this balance between different cell types, the bone marrow can alter the quantity of different cells to ultimately be produced.
1476:
Morrison SJ, Weissman IL (November 1994). "The long-term repopulating subset of hematopoietic stem cells is deterministic and isolable by phenotype".
1604:"THIRD, fourth and fifth reports of the committee for clarification of the nomenclature of cells and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs"
4920:
1179:
896:
621:
261:
are functional, and are released into the blood. The number of reticulocytes, which are immature red blood cells, gives an estimate of the rate of
2392:"Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a report from the Children's Oncology Group"
2139:(4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. Figure 24-8: Formation of differentiated blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
786:
Certain cells may have more than one characteristic appearance. In these cases, more than one representation of the same cell has been included.
1758:
Swirski, Filip K.; Libby, Peter; Aikawa, Elena; Alcaide, Pilar; Luscinskas, F. William; Weissleder, Ralph; Pittet, Mikael J. (2 January 2007).
4992:
1028:
The first key player of differentiation from HSC to a multipotent progenitor (MPP) is transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (
805:
Other cells that arise from the monocyte: osteoclast, microglia (central nervous system), Langerhans cell (epidermis), Kupffer cell (liver).
3820:
799:
The polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) at the right shows its characteristic appearance when stained with methylene blue or Azure B.
271:
are the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system. They are derived from common lymphoid progenitors. The lymphoid lineage is composed of
4334:
3947:
3524:
2973:, Deane EM (2003). A histological investigation of the lymphoid and immunohaematopoietic tissues of the adult stripe-faced dunnart (
1541:. associate editors, Brad Bolon and Ricardo Ochoa; illustrations editor, Beth W. (Third ed.). : Academic Press. p. 1863.
4996:
3813:
3076:
1921:"E-Selectin Inhibition Mitigates Splenic HSC Activation and Myelopoiesis in Hypercholesterolemic Mice With Myocardial Infarction"
1564:"FIRST report of the committee for clarification of the nomenclature of cells and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs"
2938:
Old JM (2016). Haematopoiesis in marsupials. Developmental and
Comparative Immunology. 58, 40-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.009
5391:
997:-forming cells). The diagram to the right provides examples of cytokines and the differentiated blood cells they give rise to.
3002:
2169:
1987:
1919:
Dutta, P; Hoyer, FF; Sun, Y; Iwamoto, Y; Tricot, B; Weissleder, R; Magnani, JL; Swirski, FK; Nahrendorf, M (September 2016).
1546:
1511:
1357:
1174:
908:
802:
The erythrocyte at the right is a more accurate representation of its appearance in reality when viewed through a microscope.
904:
862:(an erythrocyte-differentiation factor), a subpopulation of cells (as defined by the levels of Sca-1) differentiated into
4416:
2133:
Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D, Darnell J (2000). "Cancers
Originate in Proliferating Cells".
1679:"Development of the hematopoietic system and disorders of hematopoiesis that present during infancy and early childhood"
3069:
163:
5282:
3772:
3047:
2557:"Gfi1, a transcriptional repressor, inhibits the induction of the T helper type 1 programme in activated CD4 T cells"
2144:
2128:
2123:
Molecular cell biology. Lodish, Harvey F. 5. ed. : – New York : W. H. Freeman and Co., 2003, 973 s. b ill.
1166:
2960:). Anatomy and Embryology (now called Brain Structure and Function). 206(3), 193-197. DOI: 10.1007/s00429-002-0285-2
740:
In some cases, the liver, thymus, and spleen may resume their haematopoietic function, if necessary. This is called
3415:
2802:"Zinc finger-mediated protein interactions modulate Ikaros activity, a molecular control of lymphocyte development"
1760:"Ly-6Chi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata"
2761:"Selective defects in the development of the fetal and adult lymphoid system in mice with an Ikaros null mutation"
4812:
3645:
883:
Diagram including some of the important cytokines that determine which type of blood cell will be created. SCF=
3780:
3410:
2508:"Ikaros DNA-binding proteins as integral components of B cell developmental-stage-specific regulatory circuits"
538:
4589:
3517:
3353:
912:
235:
1093:(ALL). For example, Ikaros is known to be regulator of numerous biological events. Mice with no Ikaros lack
4217:
4025:
3710:
1409:
1090:
742:
3036:
2956:
Old JM, Deane EM (2003). The lymphoid and immunohaematopoietic tissues of the embryonic brushtail possum (
1678:
5425:
4975:
4750:
932:(SCF), which binds to the c-kit receptor on the HSC. Absence of SCF is lethal. There are other important
916:
146:
17:
5458:
5260:
4970:
3239:
960:
956:
920:
2759:
Wang, JH; Nichogiannopoulou, A; Wu, L; Sun, L; Sharpe, AH; Bigby, M; Georgopoulos, K (December 1996).
2310:
778:
More detailed and comprehensive diagram that shows the development of different blood cells in humans:
36:
Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells
5379:
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3591:
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821:
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In developing embryos, blood formation occurs in aggregates of blood cells in the yolk sac, called
223:
1603:
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4381:
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4169:
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3559:
3542:
3419:
3177:
1186:
1086:
1033:
215:
210:
193:
5519:
4742:
3441:
3159:
3095:
2851:"Selective regulation of lymphopoiesis and leukemogenesis by individual zinc fingers of Ikaros"
763:
751:
577:
573:
139:
3388:
3244:
3222:
2019:
Chang, Hannah H.; Hemberg, Martin; Barahona, Mauricio; Ingber, Donald E.; Huang, Sui (2008).
1010:
695:
2134:
1970:
Kimmel, Marek (1 January 2014). "Stochasticity and
Determinism in Models of Hematopoiesis".
1677:
1602:
1562:
5268:
4376:
3616:
3405:
3338:
3249:
3173:
2717:
2705:"Conversion of mature B cells into T cells by dedifferentiation to uncommitted progenitors"
2032:
1823:
1424:
1287:
1209:
1161:
1060:
686:
also arise from hemopoietic cells of the monocyte/neutrophil lineage, specifically CFU-GM.
581:
280:
2367:
2350:
1812:"Identification of Splenic Reservoir Monocytes and Their Deployment to Inflammatory Sites"
820:
that limit the cell types that it can become and moves it closer to a specific cell type (
8:
5110:
4164:
4139:
3660:
3465:
3400:
3383:
3217:
3135:
2159:
1006:
302:, are derived from common myeloid progenitors, and are involved in such diverse roles as
3026:
2721:
2036:
1827:
1428:
1291:
5524:
5277:
5234:
5149:
4856:
4402:
4310:
3285:
2875:
2850:
2817:
2741:
2589:
2556:
2488:
2475:
2440:
2416:
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2252:
2227:
2094:
2077:
2053:
2020:
1947:
1920:
1896:
1869:
1844:
1811:
1786:
1759:
1458:
1316:
1275:
1110:
985:
is required for a myeloid progenitor cell to become an erythrocyte. On the other hand,
759:
489:
479:
2826:
2801:
2777:
2760:
2663:"The Pax-5 gene: a pluripotent regulator of B-cell differentiation and cancer disease"
2327:
1152:
Unlike eutherian mammals, the liver of newborn marsupials is actively haematopoietic.
5141:
4760:
4626:
4174:
3695:
3628:
3333:
3099:
2998:
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2733:
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2635:
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2529:
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2462:
2421:
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2165:
2140:
2124:
2099:
2058:
2001:
1993:
1983:
1952:
1901:
1849:
1791:
1740:
1699:
1651:
1624:
1584:
1542:
1493:
1489:
1450:
1390:
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1321:
1303:
469:
2076:
Alenzi, FQ; Alenazi, BQ; Ahmad, SY; Salem, ML; Al-Jabri, AA; Wyse, RK (March 2009).
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2519:
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2411:
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2239:
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2048:
2040:
1975:
1942:
1932:
1891:
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1839:
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976:
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231:
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46:
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1974:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 844. pp. 119–152.
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3348:
2992:
2524:
2507:
2457:
2407:
1214:
964:
959:(CSFs), specifically stimulate the production of committed cells. Three CSFs are
817:
506:
484:
303:
258:
2293:
2276:
2021:"Transcriptome-wide noise controls lineage choice in mammalian progenitor cells"
1979:
1643:
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Mahler (2013). Haschek, Wanda; Rousseaux, Colin G.; Wallig, Matthew A. (eds.).
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1717:
Georgiades CS, Neyman EG, Francis IR, Sneider MB, Fishman EK (November 2002).
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1997:
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1052:
990:
952:
948:
944:
940:
709:
612:
588:
533:
295:
284:
4394:
2848:
2441:"Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell commitment to the megakaryocyte lineage"
2243:
1835:
1620:
4965:
4797:
4371:
4305:
4274:
4134:
3999:
3891:
3854:
3837:
3700:
3310:
3295:
3290:
3227:
3125:
2884:
2737:
2688:
2647:
2614:"Regulation of basophil and mast cell development by transcription factors"
2598:
2541:
2484:
2425:
2376:
2335:
2103:
2062:
2005:
1956:
1905:
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1703:
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1628:
1588:
1454:
1394:
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1325:
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factor, subdivides the population into groups exhibiting variable rates of
762:
may be involved in regulation of extramedullary myeloid cell generation in
670:
647:
606:
543:
311:
2925:
2835:
2786:
2661:
O'Brien, P; Morin, P Jr; Ouellette, RJ; Robichaud, GA (15 December 2011).
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501:
291:
219:
2729:
2160:
Rod Flower; Humphrey P. Rang; Maureen M. Dale; Ritter, James M. (2007).
2044:
1436:
1410:"Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer"
936:
growth factors which regulate the proliferation and maturation, such as
5439:
5132:
4822:
4782:
4159:
4149:
4129:
4121:
4083:
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747:
683:
655:
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637:
601:
568:
511:
299:
268:
32:
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1870:"Macrophages retain hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen via VCAM-1"
1338:
Semester 4 medical lectures at
Uppsala University 2008 by Leif Jansson
4444:
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322:
169:
152:
2866:
2612:
Sasaki, Haruka; Kurotaki, Daisuke; Tamura, Tomohiko (1 April 2016).
1085:
in transcription factors are tightly connected to blood cancers, as
192:
cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from
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4429:
4339:
4233:
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4076:
4071:
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3130:
2758:
2075:
1022:
665:
659:
427:
396:
332:
2660:
2505:
1808:
1719:"Typical and atypical presentations of extramedullary hemopoiesis"
1018:
700:
321:(or granulocytopoiesis) is haematopoiesis of granulocytes, except
4241:
4088:
3486:
3300:
3149:
3120:
2389:
1118:
457:
401:
227:
2977:). Cells Tissues Organs. 173(2), 115-121. DOI: 10.1159/000068946
2348:
2078:"The haemopoietic stem cell: between apoptosis and self renewal"
1642:
Singh, Ranbir; Soman-Faulkner, Kristina; Sugumar, Kavin (2022).
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447:
437:
276:
272:
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2554:
2439:
Woolthuis, Carolien M.; Park, Christopher Y. (10 March 2016).
1716:
253:, which are also called erythrocytes, are the oxygen-carrying
100:
79:
73:
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4523:
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4284:
1029:
847:
717:
704:
Sites of haematopoiesis (human) in pre- and postnatal periods
451:
441:
431:
422:
325:
which are granulocytes but with an extramedullar maturation.
189:
2132:
5272:
5219:
4787:
4728:
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4503:
4498:
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3051:
2702:
Cobaleda, C; Jochum, W; Busslinger, M (27 September 2007).
1075:
1068:
1056:
1048:
1040:, which leads to a lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor.
1014:
915:; FLT-3 ligand= FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; TNF-a =
712:. As development progresses, blood formation occurs in the
130:
124:
112:
106:
67:
2990:
2018:
1641:
2274:
1866:
1757:
1539:
Haschek and
Rousseaux's handbook of toxicologic pathology
85:
61:
52:
2799:
1347:
1137:
of connective tissue and slow blood supply, such as the
1274:
Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (1 March 2016).
3853:
1407:
1133:, haematopoiesis can occur wherever there is a loose
118:
94:
88:
82:
55:
2611:
2275:
Hauke, Ralph; Stefano R. Tarantolo (November 2000).
1918:
1635:
109:
70:
64:
2225:
1675:
1348:Parslow TG, Stites DP, Terr AI, Imboden JB (1997).
204:
127:
121:
103:
97:
76:
58:
49:
3835:
3532:
2800:Sun, L; Liu, A; Georgopoulos, K (1 October 1996).
2703:
2309:
1925:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
246:All blood cells are divided into three lineages.
5511:
1475:
1273:
1180:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
989:makes myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to
897:Granulocyte Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
2351:"microRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses"
1372:
1258:
816:As a stem cell matures it undergoes changes in
4424:
4410:
3821:
3518:
3077:
2438:
2316:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
2307:
1676:Fernández KS, de Alarcón PA (December 2013).
2349:O'Connell, R; Rao, D.; Baltimore, D (2012).
1043:Other transcription factors include Ikaros (
1032:α). Mutations in C/EBPα are associated with
290:Cells of the myeloid lineage, which include
2991:Godin, Isabelle; Cumano, Ana, eds. (2006).
1512:"Hematopoiesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells"
754:and inflammation during adulthood. Splenic
4417:
4403:
3828:
3814:
3525:
3511:
3084:
3070:
1280:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1121:patients and it is bad prognostic marker.
827:
218:(HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (
2915:
2874:
2825:
2776:
2678:
2629:
2588:
2523:
2474:
2456:
2415:
2366:
2292:
2251:
2202:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2093:
2052:
1946:
1936:
1895:
1885:
1843:
1785:
1775:
1734:
1444:
1315:
2900:"Developmental biology of hematopoiesis"
2311:"Transcription factors in hematopoiesis"
2082:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
1276:"Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow"
1000:
878:
773:
699:
31:
4335:Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
3057:Hematopoiesis and bone marrow histology
615:, Eosinophilic/neutrophilic/basophilic
14:
5512:
2184:
2110:
1969:
1723:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
1609:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
1569:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
1536:
1009:pathways, which lead to activation of
858:. For example, under the influence of
27:Formation of blood cellular components
4398:
3809:
3506:
3065:
2368:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075013
2226:Ketley, N. J.; A. C. Newland (1997).
1175:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
909:Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
611:Eosinophilic/neutrophilic/basophilic
2187:"Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis"
2164:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
1874:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
1408:Morrison, J.; Judith Kimble (2006).
1366:
1352:(1 ed.). Appleton & Lange.
1204:
1202:
1025:(e.g., miR-125b) in haematopoiesis.
905:Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
2994:Hematopoietic stem cell development
2897:
2308:Engel, I; Murre, C (October 1999).
1972:A Systems Biology Approach to Blood
975:formation and are active on either
24:
2984:
2818:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00920.x
1684:Pediatric Clinics of North America
1079:level and not only as initiators.
25:
5536:
3012:
1764:Journal of Clinical Investigation
1332:
1199:
1167:Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
1055:development and inhibits Th1) or
874:
735:
3019:
1375:Briefings in Functional Genomics
1124:
205:Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
45:
3646:Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
2963:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2891:
2842:
2793:
2752:
2695:
2654:
2605:
2548:
2499:
2432:
2383:
2342:
2301:
2268:
2219:
2178:
2153:
2069:
2012:
1963:
1912:
1860:
1802:
1751:
1710:
1669:
1595:
1555:
1530:
3411:Immunoglobulin class switching
2277:"Hematopoietic Growth Factors"
2162:Rang & Dale's pharmacology
1504:
1469:
1401:
1341:
1230:
1215:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
539:Polychromatophilic erythrocyte
338:
13:
1:
2917:10.1182/blood.V86.8.2876.2876
2778:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80269-1
2680:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1874
2328:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00008-8
2228:"Haemopoietic growth factors"
2185:Broudy, VC (15 August 1997).
1192:
913:Stromal cell-derived factor-1
769:
743:extramedullary haematopoiesis
241:
226:The other daughters of HSCs (
4026:Extramedullary hematopoiesis
2525:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.010
2458:10.1182/blood-2015-07-607945
2408:10.1182/blood-2008-10-184747
1490:10.1016/1074-7613(94)90037-x
1109:domains, four are conserved
1091:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
917:Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
7:
2898:Zon, LI (15 October 1995).
2355:Annual Review of Immunology
2294:10.1309/HNTM-ELUV-AV9G-MA1P
2149:– via NCBI Bookshelf.
1980:10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_7
1644:"Embryology, Hematopoiesis"
1516:Antibodies Resource Library
1171:Haematopoietic stimulants:
1155:
689:
10:
5541:
3240:Polyclonal B cell response
3048:Hematopoietic cell lineage
2631:10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.006
1938:10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307519
961:granulocyte-macrophage CSF
957:colony-stimulating factors
921:Transforming growth factor
693:
208:
199:
162:
159: 'blood' and
145:
5404:
5380:Colony-stimulating factor
5362:
5331:
5259:
5233:
5140:
5131:
5072:
5063:
5028:
4991:
4929:
4901:
4855:
4840:
4831:
4741:
4716:
4700:
4603:
4452:
4443:
4436:
4359:
4319:
4293:
4265:
4232:
4192:Antigen-presenting cells
4185:
4120:
4111:
4047:
4038:
4018:
3980:
3955:
3946:
3917:
3877:
3868:
3844:
3771:
3719:
3711:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
3676:
3599:
3590:
3568:
3550:
3541:
3474:
3432:
3374:
3275:
3205:
3113:
3106:
2618:Allergology International
1736:10.2214/ajr.179.5.1791239
1696:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.08.002
1518:. ThermoFisher Scientific
1243:Dictionary.com Unabridged
971:(M-CSF). These stimulate
216:Haematopoietic stem cells
194:haematopoietic stem cells
5415:proinflammatory cytokine
4280:Nucleated red blood cell
3836:Myeloid blood cells and
3739:High endothelial venules
2204:10.1182/blood.V90.4.1345
1615:(6): 562–79. June 1950.
1581:10.1093/ajcp/18.5_ts.443
1005:Growth factors initiate
955:. Other factors, termed
928:haematopoietic cells is
856:cellular differentiation
822:cellular differentiation
333:thrombocytes (platelets)
4382:Hematopoietic stem cell
4301:Leukocyte extravasation
4170:Foreign-body giant cell
3560:Hematopoietic stem cell
2244:10.1136/pgmj.73.858.215
1836:10.1126/science.1175202
1575:(5): 443–50. May 1948.
1187:Leukocyte extravasation
1034:acute myeloid leukaemia
828:Cell fate determination
211:Hematopoietic stem cell
4546:/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
3354:Tolerance in pregnancy
3096:adaptive immune system
2136:Molecular Cell Biology
1087:acute myeloid leukemia
979:or end product cells.
924:
813:
764:cardiovascular disease
752:cardiovascular disease
705:
188:) is the formation of
176: 'to make'; also
37:
3389:Somatic hypermutation
3223:Polyclonal antibodies
3218:Monoclonal antibodies
2958:Trichosurus vulpecula
1621:10.1093/ajcp/20.6.562
1011:transcription factors
1001:Transcription factors
882:
777:
703:
696:Haematopoietic system
331:is haematopoiesis of
35:
4377:Hematopoietic system
4165:Langhans giant cells
3578:Hassall's corpuscles
3406:Junctional diversity
3174:Antigen presentation
2975:Sminthopsis macroura
1887:10.1084/jem.20141642
1387:10.1093/bfgp/elac002
1162:Clonal hematopoiesis
1021:can be regulated by
582:basophilic myelocyte
380:"granulo" or "myelo"
281:natural killer cells
224:asymmetric division.
5111:Interferon type III
4140:Alveolar macrophage
3661:Trabecular arteries
3401:V(D)J recombination
3384:Affinity maturation
3136:Antigenic variation
2730:10.1038/nature06159
2722:2007Natur.449..473C
2281:Laboratory Medicine
2045:10.1038/nature06965
2037:2008Natur.453..544C
1828:2009Sci...325..612S
1437:10.1038/nature04956
1429:2006Natur.441.1068M
1292:2016NYASA1370...82B
1007:signal transduction
4311:Intrinsic immunity
4175:Touton giant cells
1350:Medical Immunology
1300:10.1111/nyas.13016
1111:DNA-binding domain
1047:development), and
925:
814:
760:adhesion molecules
706:
490:thrombocytopoiesis
480:granulocytopoiesis
38:
5507:
5506:
5400:
5399:
5358:
5357:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5059:
5058:
4737:
4736:
4392:
4391:
4355:
4354:
4228:
4227:
4155:Epithelioid cells
4034:
4033:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
3942:
3941:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3629:Cords of Billroth
3586:
3585:
3500:
3499:
3428:
3427:
3178:professional APCs
3004:978-0-306-47872-7
2855:Nature Immunology
2573:10.1111/imm.12580
2451:(10): 1242–1248.
2171:978-0-443-06911-6
2031:(7194): 544–547.
1989:978-1-4939-2094-5
1822:(5940): 612–616.
1548:978-0-12-415759-0
1423:(7097): 1068–74.
1359:978-0-8385-6278-9
1218:. Merriam-Webster
1105:. Ikaros has six
681:
680:
470:lymphocytopoiesis
298:, monocytes, and
16:(Redirected from
5532:
5138:
5137:
5070:
5069:
4853:
4852:
4838:
4837:
4450:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4326:Precursor cells
4252:Promegakaryocyte
4118:
4117:
4045:
4044:
3970:Promegakaryocyte
3953:
3952:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3851:
3850:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3729:Lymphatic vessel
3706:Tonsillar crypts
3666:Trabecular veins
3597:
3596:
3592:Secondary organs
3548:
3547:
3535:lymphatic system
3527:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3394:Clonal selection
3366:Immune privilege
3361:Immunodeficiency
3316:Cross-reactivity
3306:Hypersensitivity
3111:
3110:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3023:
3022:
3008:
2978:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2806:The EMBO Journal
2797:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2707:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2633:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2527:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2460:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2238:(858): 215–221.
2223:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1777:10.1172/JCI29950
1755:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1681:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1448:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1271:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1238:"haematopoiesis"
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1206:
1113:and two are for
977:progenitor cells
930:stem cell factor
885:Stem cell factor
632:mature cell name
554:Promegakaryocyte
368:
367:
360:mature cell name
182:American English
173:
166:
156:
149:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
21:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5469:
5448:
5406:
5396:
5354:
5327:
5247:
5229:
5127:
5055:
5024:
4987:
4925:
4897:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4827:
4733:
4712:
4696:
4599:
4432:
4423:
4393:
4388:
4351:
4315:
4294:Immune response
4289:
4267:Red blood cells
4261:
4224:
4201:Langerhans cell
4196:Dendritic cells
4181:
4107:
4030:
4006:
3990:Proerythroblast
3976:
3938:
3922:Monocytopoiesis
3913:
3857:
3840:
3834:
3804:
3795:
3791:Germinal center
3767:
3751:Germinal center
3715:
3672:
3651:Germinal center
3582:
3564:
3537:
3531:
3501:
3496:
3470:
3424:
3370:
3349:Clonal deletion
3277:
3271:
3201:
3102:
3090:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3005:
2987:
2985:Further reading
2982:
2981:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2896:
2892:
2867:10.1038/ni.2707
2861:(10): 1073–83.
2847:
2843:
2812:(19): 5358–69.
2798:
2794:
2757:
2753:
2716:(7161): 473–7.
2700:
2696:
2673:(24): 7345–50.
2667:Cancer Research
2659:
2655:
2610:
2606:
2553:
2549:
2504:
2500:
2437:
2433:
2402:(26): 6558–66.
2388:
2384:
2347:
2343:
2306:
2302:
2273:
2269:
2224:
2220:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2131:
2122:
2111:
2074:
2070:
2017:
2013:
1990:
1968:
1964:
1917:
1913:
1865:
1861:
1807:
1803:
1756:
1752:
1715:
1711:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1640:
1636:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1474:
1470:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1272:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:"hematopoiesis"
1208:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1158:
1127:
1003:
965:granulocyte CSF
877:
830:
818:gene expression
812:
795:
772:
738:
698:
692:
507:Proerythroblast
485:monocytopoiesis
341:
304:innate immunity
251:Red blood cells
244:
213:
207:
202:
117:
93:
48:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5538:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5410:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5261:Ig superfamily
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4447:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4426:Cell signaling
4422:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:Megakaryoblast
4244:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4040:Myeloid tissue
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3985:Erythropoiesis
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3965:Megakaryoblast
3960:Thrombopoiesis
3956:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3882:Granulopoiesis
3878:
3872:
3863:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3657:Blood vessels
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3543:Primary organs
3539:
3538:
3533:Organs of the
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3380:
3378:
3376:Immunogenetics
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3321:Co-stimulation
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3262:Immune complex
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Dendritic cell
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3160:Conformational
3157:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3037:Haematopoiesis
3025:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:External links
3011:
3010:
3009:
3003:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2962:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2910:(8): 2876–91.
2890:
2841:
2792:
2751:
2694:
2653:
2624:(2): 127–134.
2604:
2567:(4): 476–487.
2547:
2518:(3): 335–344.
2498:
2431:
2382:
2341:
2300:
2267:
2232:Postgrad Med J
2218:
2197:(4): 1345–64.
2177:
2170:
2152:
2145:
2109:
2068:
2011:
1988:
1962:
1911:
1880:(4): 497–512.
1859:
1801:
1770:(1): 195–205.
1750:
1729:(5): 1239–43.
1709:
1690:(6): 1273–89.
1668:
1650:. StatPearls.
1634:
1594:
1554:
1547:
1529:
1503:
1468:
1400:
1381:(3): 159–176.
1365:
1358:
1340:
1331:
1257:
1229:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1126:
1123:
1099:Natural killer
1074:An example is
1002:
999:
991:megakaryocytes
987:thrombopoietin
983:Erythropoietin
969:macrophage CSF
901:Erythropoietin
889:Thrombopoietin
876:
875:Growth factors
873:
860:erythropoietin
829:
826:
811:
810:
806:
803:
800:
796:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
779:
771:
768:
737:
736:Extramedullary
734:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
679:
678:
668:
663:
645:
640:
634:
628:
627:
624:
622:Early monocyte
619:
609:
604:
598:
592:
591:
586:
584:
571:
566:
563:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
525:
524:
522:Megakaryoblast
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
493:
492:
487:
482:
477:
475:erythropoiesis
472:
467:
461:
460:
454:
444:
434:
425:
420:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
399:
394:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
362:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
340:
337:
329:Thrombopoiesis
319:Granulopoiesis
316:
315:
308:blood clotting
296:megakaryocytes
288:
266:
263:erythropoiesis
243:
240:
209:Main article:
206:
203:
201:
198:
186:h(a)emopoiesis
41:Haematopoiesis
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5537:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5520:Hematopoiesis
5518:
5517:
5515:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5403:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5370:Hematopoietic
5368:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:TNFSF5/CD40LG
4776:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4347:Myelomonocyte
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4257:Megakaryocyte
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Kupffer cells
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Metamyelocyte
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Hematopoiesis
3843:
3839:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Peyer's patch
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3761:Marginal zone
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3634:Marginal zone
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Clonal anergy
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:Microantibody
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2771:(6): 537–49.
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2290:
2287:(11): 613–5.
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2146:0-7167-3136-3
2142:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2129:0-7167-4366-3
2126:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1931:(9): 1802–8.
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:(8): 661–73.
1483:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:2027.42/62868
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1246:(Online). n.d
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:Other animals
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
872:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
841:
836:
825:
823:
819:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
776:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:blood islands
702:
697:
687:
685:
676:
672:
669:
667:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
618:
614:
613:metamyelocyte
610:
608:
605:
603:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:Megakaryocyte
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
572:
570:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Prolymphocyte
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:
366:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:
345:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
285:lymphopoiesis
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
248:
247:
239:
237:
236:heterogeneous
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:hematopoiesis
175:
172:
165:
161:
158:
155:
148:
144:
141:
140:Ancient Greek
135:
42:
34:
30:
19:
5465:
5444:
5413:
5405:By function/
5116:IL28/IFNL2+3
4306:Phagocytosis
4275:Reticulocyte
4049:Granulocytes
4000:Reticulocyte
3892:Promyelocyte
3855:Myelopoiesis
3845:
3311:Inflammation
3296:Alloimmunity
3291:Autoimmunity
3276:Immunity vs.
3228:Autoantibody
3126:Superantigen
3035:
3034:
3033:profile for
3030:
2997:. Springer.
2993:
2974:
2965:
2957:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2713:
2709:
2697:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2322:(5): 575–9.
2319:
2315:
2303:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2135:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2028:
2024:
2014:
1971:
1965:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1877:
1873:
1862:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1687:
1683:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1647:
1637:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1538:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1420:
1416:
1403:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1286:(1): 82–96.
1283:
1279:
1248:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1213:
1151:
1128:
1115:dimerization
1107:zinc fingers
1081:
1073:
1042:
1027:
1004:
981:
967:(G-CSF) and
938:interleukins
934:glycoprotein
926:
864:erythrocytes
842:
839:
834:
831:
815:
783:parentheses.
741:
739:
707:
682:
671:thrombocytes
648:granulocytes
631:
607:Reticulocyte
595:
560:
544:Promyelocyte
528:
496:
464:
417:
391:
386:"megakaryo"
363:
342:
327:
317:
312:myelopoiesis
292:granulocytes
259:Erythrocytes
245:
214:
185:
184:, sometimes
177:
170:
167:
160:
153:
150:
143:
40:
39:
29:
5333:IL17 family
5074:IL10 family
4993:IL12 family
4845:(grouped by
4833:Interleukin
4756:Lymphotoxin
4160:giant cells
4150:Osteoclasts
4130:Histiocytes
4122:Macrophages
3932:Promonocyte
3756:Mantle zone
3721:Lymph nodes
3552:Bone marrow
3434:Lymphocytes
3093:Lymphocytic
2361:: 295–312.
2088:(1): 7–18.
1661:4 September
1131:vertebrates
995:thrombocyte
973:granulocyte
893:Interleukin
835:determinism
756:macrophages
726:bone marrow
722:lymph nodes
684:Osteoclasts
643:Erythrocyte
549:Promonocyte
502:Lymphoblast
339:Terminology
300:macrophages
269:Lymphocytes
220:bone marrow
138:; from
18:Hemopoietic
5514:Categories
5440:Lymphokine
5278:IL1B/IL1F2
5273:IL1A/IL1F1
5269:IL1 family
5133:Interferon
5121:IL29/IFNL1
4084:Eosinophil
4067:Neutrophil
4057:Myeloblast
3995:Normoblast
3887:Myeloblast
3696:Pharyngeal
3641:White pulp
3617:Trabeculae
3475:Substances
3339:Peripheral
3327:Inaction:
3206:Antibodies
3187:Macrophage
3100:complement
2906:(Review).
2561:Immunology
1250:16 October
1193:References
1065:mast cells
1051:(promotes
963:(GM-CSF),
895:; GM-CSF=
840:stochastic
770:Maturation
748:leukocytes
638:lymphocyte
602:lymphocyte
569:Normoblast
512:Myeloblast
323:mast cells
310:. This is
283:. This is
242:Cell types
5525:Histology
5318:33/IL1F11
5283:1Ra/IL1F3
4930:IL6 like/
4647:CXCL8/IL8
4445:Chemokine
4437:By family
4430:cytokines
4367:Phagocyte
4234:Platelets
4213:Monoblast
4145:Microglia
4113:Monocytes
4096:Mast cell
4062:Band cell
3927:Monoblast
3907:Band cell
3897:Myelocyte
3492:Cytolysin
3482:Cytokines
3329:Tolerance
3278:tolerance
3197:Immunogen
2971:Selwood L
2640:1440-1592
2581:1365-2567
2534:1074-7613
2493:206939258
2467:0006-4971
1998:0065-2598
1308:1749-6632
1089:(AML) or
1083:Mutations
1061:basophils
1023:microRNAs
919:; TGFβ =
911:; SDF-1=
907:; G-CSF=
903:; M-CSF=
869:apoptosis
852:stem cell
675:Platelets
617:band cell
517:Monoblast
456:CFU-GEMM→
446:CFU-GEMM→
436:CFU-GEMM→
371:Committee
5435:Monokine
4964:+non IL
4849:subunit)
4847:receptor
4818:TNFSF13B
4766:TNFC/LTB
4761:TNFB/LTA
4340:CFU-GEMM
4101:CFU-Mast
4077:CFU-Baso
4072:Basophil
3860:CFU-GEMM
3686:Palatine
3624:Red pulp
3442:Cellular
3286:Immunity
3284:Action:
3267:Paratope
3255:Idiotype
3245:Allotype
3213:Antibody
3167:Mimotope
3131:Allergen
3114:Antigens
3107:Lymphoid
2969:Old JM,
2885:24013668
2765:Immunity
2738:17851532
2689:22127921
2648:26972050
2599:26749286
2542:17363301
2512:Immunity
2485:26787736
2426:19304957
2377:22224773
2336:10508690
2104:19325941
2063:18497826
2006:25480640
1957:27470513
1906:25800955
1854:19644120
1796:17200719
1745:12388506
1704:24237971
1656:31334965
1629:15432355
1589:18913573
1522:25 April
1478:Immunity
1455:16810241
1395:35265979
1326:27015419
1156:See also
1129:In some
809:applied.
690:Location
666:Monocyte
660:basophil
596:metacyte
428:CFU-GEMM
412:Myeloid
397:Lymphoid
374:"lympho"
357:metacyte
232:lymphoid
5323:18/IL1G
5065:Type II
4997:IL12RB1
4903:β chain
4857:γ chain
4813:TNFSF13
4808:TNFSF11
4803:TNFSF10
4485:/RANTES
4242:CFU-Meg
4089:CFU-Eos
4019:General
3746:B cells
3734:T cells
3691:Lingual
3678:Tonsils
3487:Opsonin
3466:NK cell
3454:Humoral
3334:Central
3301:Allergy
3250:Isotype
3150:Epitope
3121:Antigen
3027:Scholia
2926:7579378
2876:3800053
2836:8895580
2787:8986714
2746:4414856
2718:Bibcode
2590:4799889
2476:5003506
2417:2943755
2262:9156123
2253:2431295
2213:9269751
2095:2660591
2054:5546414
2033:Bibcode
1948:5001901
1897:4387283
1845:2803111
1824:Bibcode
1816:Science
1787:1716211
1498:7541305
1425:Bibcode
1317:4938003
1288:Bibcode
1119:BCR-Abl
1103:T cells
1095:B cells
899:; Epo=
887:; Tpo=
843:theory,
724:. When
529:procyte
465:Process
458:CFU-Meg
409:Myeloid
406:Myeloid
402:Myeloid
392:Lineage
377:"rubri"
351:procyte
277:B-cells
273:T-cells
228:myeloid
200:Process
5313:IL1F10
5210:IFNA21
5205:IFNA17
5200:IFNA16
5195:IFNA14
5190:IFNA13
5185:IFNA10
4842:Type I
4798:TNFSF9
4793:TNFSF8
4788:TNFSF7
4783:TNFSF6
4773:TNFSF4
4708:CX3CL1
4692:CXCL17
4687:CXCL16
4682:CXCL15
4677:CXCL14
4672:CXCL13
4667:CXCL12
4662:CXCL11
4657:CXCL10
4479:/MIP1β
4473:/MIP1α
4372:Plasma
4330:CFU-GM
4206:CFU-DL
3870:CFU-GM
3838:plasma
3608:Parts
3601:Spleen
3570:Thymus
3459:B cell
3447:T cell
3192:B cell
3155:Linear
3143:Hapten
3029:has a
3001:
2924:
2883:
2873:
2834:
2827:452279
2824:
2785:
2744:
2736:
2710:Nature
2687:
2646:
2638:
2597:
2587:
2579:
2540:
2532:
2491:
2483:
2473:
2465:
2424:
2414:
2375:
2334:
2260:
2250:
2211:
2168:
2143:
2127:
2102:
2092:
2061:
2051:
2025:Nature
2004:
1996:
1986:
1955:
1945:
1904:
1894:
1852:
1842:
1794:
1784:
1743:
1702:
1654:
1627:
1587:
1545:
1496:
1463:715049
1461:
1453:
1417:Nature
1393:
1356:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1222:16 May
1147:kidney
1143:spleen
1135:stroma
1045:B cell
1038:GATA-1
891:; IL=
730:thymus
714:spleen
656:neutro
652:Eosino
636:Small
600:Large
578:neutro
574:Eosino
448:CFU-GM
438:CFU-GM
383:"mono"
279:, and
171:poieîn
164:ποιεῖν
5375:KITLG
5363:Other
5349:IL17A
5308:IL1F9
5303:IL1F8
5298:IL1F7
5293:IL1F6
5288:IL1F5
5225:IFNW1
5215:IFNB1
5180:IFNA8
5175:IFNA7
5170:IFNA6
5165:IFNA5
5160:IFNA4
5155:IFNA2
5150:IFNA1
5029:Other
4932:gp130
4921:GMCSF
4701:CX3CL
4652:CXCL9
4642:CXCL7
4637:CXCL6
4632:CXCL5
4627:CXCL4
4622:CXCL3
4617:CXCL2
4611:CXCL1
4595:CCL28
4590:CCL27
4585:CCL26
4580:CCL25
4575:CCL24
4570:CCL23
4565:CCL22
4560:CCL21
4555:CCL20
4550:CCL19
4544:CCL18
4539:CCL17
4534:CCL16
4529:CCL15
4524:CCL14
4519:CCL13
4514:CCL12
4509:CCL11
4467:/MCP1
4360:Other
4320:Other
4285:CFU-E
4186:Other
3701:Tubal
3612:Hilum
3031:topic
2904:Blood
2742:S2CID
2489:S2CID
2445:Blood
2396:Blood
2191:Blood
1459:S2CID
1413:(PDF)
1030:C/EBP
1019:NF-κB
848:Sca-1
718:liver
497:blast
452:CFU-M
442:CFU-G
432:CFU-E
423:CFU-L
348:blast
255:cells
190:blood
154:haîma
142:
5495:IL13
5490:IL10
5459:TNFβ
5454:IFNγ
5426:TNFA
5407:cell
5387:SPP1
5345:IL25
5341:IL17
5243:IFNG
5220:IFNK
5106:IL26
5101:IL24
5096:IL20
5091:IL19
5086:IL22
5082:IL10
5051:IL34
5046:IL32
5041:IL16
5036:IL14
5020:IL35
5015:IL27
5010:IL23
5005:IL12
4981:CTF1
4976:CNTF
4960:IL31
4955:IL30
4950:IL27
4945:IL11
4893:IL21
4878:IL13
4869:IL15
4751:TNFA
4729:XCL2
4724:XCL1
4604:CXCL
4504:CCL9
4499:CCL8
4494:CCL7
4489:CCL6
4483:CCL5
4477:CCL4
4471:CCL3
4465:CCL2
4460:CCL1
3781:GALT
3773:MALT
3098:and
3052:KEGG
2999:ISBN
2922:PMID
2881:PMID
2832:PMID
2783:PMID
2734:PMID
2685:PMID
2644:PMID
2636:ISSN
2595:PMID
2577:ISSN
2538:PMID
2530:ISSN
2481:PMID
2463:ISSN
2422:PMID
2373:PMID
2332:PMID
2258:PMID
2209:PMID
2166:ISBN
2141:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2100:PMID
2059:PMID
2002:PMID
1994:ISSN
1984:ISBN
1953:PMID
1902:PMID
1850:PMID
1792:PMID
1741:PMID
1700:PMID
1663:2022
1652:PMID
1648:NCBI
1625:PMID
1585:PMID
1543:ISBN
1524:2020
1494:PMID
1451:PMID
1391:PMID
1354:ISBN
1322:PMID
1304:ISSN
1284:1370
1252:2019
1224:2022
1101:and
1076:PAX5
1069:PU.1
1063:and
1057:IRF8
1049:Gfi1
1015:PU.1
953:IL-7
949:IL-6
945:IL-3
941:IL-2
923:beta
850:, a
758:and
720:and
561:cyte
354:cyte
306:and
230:and
147:αἷμα
5485:IL6
5480:IL5
5475:IL4
5421:IL1
5392:MIF
4971:LIF
4966:OSM
4940:IL6
4916:IL5
4911:IL3
4888:IL9
4883:IL7
4874:IL4
4865:IL2
4823:EDA
4743:TNF
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