3038:
345:. Because of this call, the Helmeted Hornbill is also known in Malay as the "Kill your mother in law" bird (Tebang Mentua). It is said that there once was a man who disliked his mother in law so much that he chopped down the stilts that supported her house while she was still inside of it to get rid of her. As punishment, the gods transformed him into the Helmeted Hornbill and so he was condemned to relive his crime forever by mimicking the sound of an axe striking foundation posts, followed with cackling glee at the house crashing down. The calls are audible up to 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) away and can go on for minutes at a time.
365:. They are thought to be territorial and monogamous, although little is known about their social behavior. The birds breed once a year, producing a single chick. Mother and chick live inside a sealed tree cavity for the first five months of the chick's life. Their specialized nesting behavior makes them particularly vulnerable to poaching and deforestation. Males fight over territory on the wing, ramming each other with their casques. Such encounters are called aerial jousting. Females accompany males during an approach in an aerial joust but veer off in opposite directions during the collision.
3044:
3555:
3032:
410:
1453:
2351:
2356:
97:
290:
1781:
55:
354:
31:
393:, 2,170 casques were confiscated in just three years in China and Indonesia alone. There are fewer than 100 birds remaining in Thai forests. At least 546 hornbill parts, mostly casques of helmeted hornbills, have been posted for sale on Thai Facebook in the past five years. Traders will pay villagers 5,000-6,000
341:-like hoots, sometimes double-toned and over two dozen in number, which sound like the "toop" or "took" noise of an axe. These hoots gradually accelerates to climax in a cackle reminiscent of laughter; this is thought to advertise information about the caller, such as age, size, and fitness, to listening
301:
are much longer than the others, giving the bird a total length greater than that of any other hornbill species. The body length is 110–120 cm (43–47 in), not counting the tail feathers, which boost the length a further 50 cm (20 in). One male weighed 3.1 kg (6.8 lb) in
453:
of northeastern
Malaysia only allowed those who has taken a head to wear the Helmeted Hornbill's feathers. Beyond spiritual symbolism, the bird's casques and feathers play a vital role in various rituals and ceremonies. The Orang Ulu carved elaborate grave markers, centerpieces, and ear-rings from
277:, Thailand and Myanmar. The casque (helmetlike structure on the head) accounts for some 11% of its 3 kg weight. Unlike any other hornbill, the casque is almost solid, and is used in head-to-head combat among males. It is a belief among the
454:
hornbill casques. Many native peoples used the two long, central tail feathers to adorn ceremonial attire and weapons for weddings, funerals, and other official functions. Hornbills were traditionally hunted for their meat using blowpipes.
429:, a valuable carving material. Indigenous peoples also use the central tail feathers to decorate dancing cloaks and head-dresses. Historically, the casque was also used by carvers in China and Japan.
449:
culture, helmeted hornbills guard the passage between life and the afterlife and judge the worth of those who pass. This species is also associated with beliefs regarding headhunting. The
297:
It has mostly blackish plumage, except that the belly and legs are white and the tail is white with a black band near the tip of each feather. The tail is long and the two central tail
733:
329:
half of the bill yellow. Unlike other hornbills, the helmeted hornbill's casque is solid, and the skull including the casque and bill may constitute 10 percent of the bird's weight.
302:
weight while two females averaged about 2.7 kg (6.0 lb). Although sometimes considered the largest Asian hornbill, their body weight appears to be similar to that of the
567:
823:
397:(US$ 165–200) for a hornbill head. Prices double or triple in cities and increase exponentially when sold overseas. No specimens are held in captivity. Both the
3841:
1037:
1843:
2453:
2423:
1903:
1497:
1880:
3219:
2432:
585:
854:
3229:
3105:
3085:
3037:
2685:
1833:
1506:
1335:
3774:
3270:
3115:
2462:
2007:
1561:
1318:
1274:
1032:
3125:
2477:
1823:
1301:
744:
3239:
3095:
2504:
2398:
2300:
1983:
1638:
3176:
1257:
2694:
3722:
571:
1045:
831:
3748:
1011:
625:
3753:
1067:
382:
695:"Basic conservation approaches and the fate of hornbills in Thailand: a prototype for future bird–people relationships"
325:
covers the sides and top of the casque and the base of the bill, but often leaves the front end of the casque and the
1001:
982:
175:
3043:
3866:
3779:
3554:
1027:
390:
767:
Kinnaird, Margaret; Hadiprakarsa, Yokyok; Thiensongrusamee, Preeda (2003). "Aerial jousting by
Helmeted Hornbills
3031:
2350:
1452:
59:
445:. These birds are featured in various legends, symbolizing themes such as life, death, and bravery. In the
3639:
1040:
3856:
494:
313:
This species has a bare, wrinkled throat patch, pale blue to greenish in females and red in males. The
1780:
925:
593:
96:
3861:
3851:
3652:
3612:
644:
Haimoff, Elliott H. (2008-04-03). "A spectrographic analysis of the loud calls of
Helmeted Hornbills
441:, the Helmeted Hornbill is prominent in the cultural practices of many indigenous groups in northern
2355:
1075:
1060:
798:
321:
halfway to the tip, where it ends abruptly. It and the bill are yellow; the red secretion of the
236:
3660:
3574:
3766:
378:
198:
3709:
3665:
3621:
8:
966:
738:
471:
438:
373:
After ongoing hunting pressure and habitat loss, the helmeted hornbill was uplisted from
44:
3626:
357:
Illustration of a mature male bird, distinguishable its casque shape and red throat area
3871:
3846:
2671:
1386:
1053:
971:
926:"Hornbills Buceros spp. and culture in northern Borneo: Can they continue to co-exist?"
661:
409:
224:
91:
941:
3683:
2967:
1930:
1520:
1009:
997:
978:
945:
784:
714:
621:
3688:
2614:
937:
780:
706:
657:
489:
398:
3675:
3818:
3787:
3431:
3192:
3165:
2269:
2189:
1946:
1735:
1187:
1159:
1015:
374:
307:
266:
3805:
337:
Their call is two parts, the first consisting of a series of loud, intermittent
3493:
3424:
2925:
2893:
2034:
1919:
1484:
1471:
1366:
1126:
1081:
902:
675:
426:
414:
303:
215:
148:
710:
3835:
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3313:
3306:
2958:
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1799:
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1529:
1395:
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1240:
1222:
1085:
1077:
949:
873:
718:
540:
480:
362:
64:
694:
693:
Poonswad, Pilai; Thiensongrusamee, Preeda; Mudsri, Sitthichai (2012-08-01).
3465:
3401:
3390:
3369:
3355:
2974:
2900:
2877:
2850:
2832:
2728:
2559:
2531:
2409:
2127:
1889:
1857:
1679:
1357:
1308:
1168:
516:
342:
338:
3792:
3735:
3606:
3521:
3514:
3472:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3417:
3410:
3348:
3250:
2988:
2859:
2839:
2825:
2790:
2756:
2737:
2607:
2552:
2538:
2324:
2231:
2224:
2210:
2145:
2093:
2086:
2070:
2061:
1960:
1728:
1707:
1700:
1649:
1568:
1213:
418:
322:
314:
281:
that a large helmeted hornbill guards the river between life and death.
3813:
3727:
3535:
3500:
3376:
3362:
3299:
3279:
3259:
3156:
2981:
2914:
2907:
2866:
2818:
2811:
2797:
2783:
2635:
2598:
2580:
2515:
2373:
2154:
2134:
2041:
1997:
1971:
1953:
1912:
1866:
1749:
1714:
1693:
1665:
1619:
1415:
1264:
1247:
1231:
1198:
1177:
1120:
1089:
3740:
924:
Bennett, Elizabeth L.; Nyaoi, Adrian J.; Sompud, Jephte (1997-10-01).
3486:
3479:
3341:
3334:
2934:
2708:
2283:
2246:
2175:
2161:
2111:
2052:
2027:
2018:
1939:
1742:
1325:
1281:
1147:
1132:
450:
446:
394:
278:
108:
3701:
3568:
766:
353:
289:
30:
3591:
3507:
3327:
3320:
3136:
2886:
2774:
2587:
2545:
2276:
2203:
2100:
1990:
1721:
1628:
1610:
1586:
1108:
262:
158:
128:
293:
Borneo Rain forest Lodge - Danum Valley - Sabah, Borneo - Malaysia
3647:
3383:
3203:
3145:
3061:
2999:
2949:
2763:
2717:
2621:
2573:
2488:
2312:
2290:
2255:
2168:
1686:
298:
270:
3714:
3634:
3290:
2804:
2746:
2566:
2439:
2196:
2182:
2120:
2079:
1756:
1658:
1342:
1102:
442:
326:
274:
118:
692:
586:"Helmeted hornbill videos, photos and facts – Rhinoplax vigil"
3800:
3696:
3185:
2524:
2331:
1595:
1540:
1114:
565:
386:
81:
75:
2650:
2217:
824:"Better protection sought for Thailand's helmeted hornbill"
734:"Poached for Its Horn, This Rare Bird Struggles to Survive"
463:
318:
258:
138:
900:
799:"Helmeted Hornbills - Species we work with at TRAFFIC"
469:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3081:
2752:
2705:
2682:
2667:
2500:
2450:
2420:
2405:
2393:
2320:
2296:
2003:
1979:
1900:
1877:
1854:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1634:
1557:
1517:
1494:
1331:
1314:
1297:
1287:
1270:
1253:
1194:
1183:
965:
855:"A boyhood passion that became the Penang Bird Park"
970:
923:
743:
725:
495:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en
3833:
401:and the Penang Bird Park previously held pairs.
1482:
1061:
771:: Observations from Indonesia and Thailand".
871:
3842:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1167:
991:
821:
361:Helmeted hornbills mostly eat the fruit of
1068:
1054:
874:"The bird that's more valuable than ivory"
852:
541:"The bird that's more valuable than ivory"
53:
29:
493:
566:Charles Hose; William McDougall (1912).
432:
408:
352:
306:(and considerably less than the African
288:
822:Sivasomboon, Busaba (11 October 2019).
643:
613:
413:19th-century Japanese belt ornament in
385:in 2015. It is listed in Appendix I of
38:immature male at the Jurong Bird Park.
3834:
389:. According to the conservation group
3573:
3572:
3059:
2371:
1797:
1469:
1145:
1049:
896:
894:
731:
639:
637:
607:
533:
481:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
383:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1470:
959:
891:
830:. Associated Press. Archived from
662:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1987.tb03175.x
614:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008).
14:
3883:
1798:
1021:
634:
617:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
3553:
3042:
3036:
3030:
2354:
2349:
1779:
1451:
901:Cammann, Schuyler V. R. (1950).
785:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00188.x
732:Bale, Rachael (September 2018).
95:
917:
865:
846:
815:
791:
760:
470:BirdLife International (2020).
437:Along with the closely related
404:
2372:
686:
668:
578:
559:
509:
284:
1:
1146:
973:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
942:10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00012-8
907:Museum Bulletin (Penn Museum)
903:"The story of hornbill ivory"
676:"The Story of Hornbill Ivory"
457:
872:BBC Magazine (12 Oct 2015).
425:The casque is the source of
7:
3060:
996:. Oxford University Press.
620:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
547:. BBC News. 12 October 2015
265:family. It is found on the
10:
3888:
1028:BirdLife Species Factsheet
853:Opalyn Mok (16 Dec 2016).
317:goes from the base of the
3581:
3551:
3441:
3400:
3289:
3269:
3249:
3211:
3202:
3175:
3155:
3135:
3072:
3068:
3055:
3028:
2998:
2957:
2948:
2924:
2876:
2849:
2773:
2736:
2727:
2704:
2681:
2658:
2649:
2597:
2514:
2496:
2487:
2449:
2419:
2384:
2380:
2367:
2347:
2311:
2245:
2144:
2110:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2017:
1970:
1929:
1899:
1876:
1853:
1810:
1806:
1793:
1776:
1648:
1618:
1609:
1585:
1548:
1539:
1516:
1493:
1478:
1465:
1448:
1414:
1394:
1385:
1365:
1356:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1097:
711:10.1007/s10336-012-0868-5
488:: e.T22682464A184587039.
368:
348:
230:
223:
204:
197:
92:Scientific classification
90:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1092:and their extinct allies
828:Minneapolis Star Tribune
568:"Pagan Tribes of Borneo"
3867:Birds described in 1781
1038:Video Helmeted Hornbill
930:Biological Conservation
332:
994:Hornbills: Bucerotidae
699:Journal of Ornithology
422:
358:
294:
1033:Photo from PaddleAsia
433:Cultural significance
412:
379:critically endangered
356:
292:
60:Critically Endangered
992:Kemp, Allen (1994).
967:Perrins, Christopher
574:on February 4, 2012.
517:"Appendices | CITES"
1041:National Geographic
739:National Geographic
439:rhinoceros hornbill
45:Conservation status
2672:Rupelramphastoides
1387:Picodynastornithes
1014:2009-03-01 at the
834:on 21 October 2019
748:on August 29, 2018
423:
417:, showing natural
359:
295:
257:) is a very large
24:Helmeted hornbill
3857:Birds of Thailand
3829:
3828:
3575:Taxon identifiers
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3051:
3050:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
2944:
2943:
2645:
2644:
2363:
2362:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2241:
2240:
1931:Brachypteraciidae
1789:
1788:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1605:
1604:
1521:Messelirrisoridae
1461:
1460:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1352:
1351:
1208:
1207:
977:. Firefly Books.
627:978-1-4200-6444-5
249:helmeted hornbill
245:
244:
240:
179:
85:
68:
3879:
3862:Birds of Myanmar
3852:Birds of Malesia
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3653:88CDFD67C91D1E64
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3040:
3034:
2955:
2954:
2754:
2734:
2733:
2707:
2684:
2669:
2656:
2655:
2615:Galbalcyrhynchus
2502:
2494:
2493:
2452:
2422:
2407:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2322:
2298:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2005:
1981:
1902:
1879:
1856:
1844:Quasisyndactylus
1841:
1831:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1636:
1616:
1615:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1519:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1392:
1391:
1363:
1362:
1333:
1316:
1299:
1289:
1272:
1255:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1196:
1185:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1007:
988:
976:
954:
953:
921:
915:
914:
898:
889:
888:
886:
884:
869:
863:
862:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
795:
789:
788:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
747:
742:. Archived from
729:
723:
722:
690:
684:
683:
672:
666:
665:
641:
632:
631:
611:
605:
604:
602:
601:
592:. Archived from
582:
576:
575:
570:. Archived from
563:
557:
556:
554:
552:
537:
531:
530:
528:
527:
513:
507:
506:
504:
502:
497:
467:
399:Jurong Bird Park
308:ground hornbills
235:
210:
174:
100:
99:
79:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3819:Rhinoplax-vigil
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3788:Observation.org
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3640:rhinoplax-vigil
3638:
3633:
3627:Rhinoplax_vigil
3625:
3620:
3613:Rhinoplax vigil
3611:
3610:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3583:Rhinoplax vigil
3577:
3567:
3558:
3541:
3437:
3432:Reinwardtipicus
3396:
3285:
3265:
3245:
3198:
3171:
3151:
3131:
3064:
3047:
3014:
2994:
2940:
2920:
2872:
2845:
2769:
2723:
2700:
2677:
2641:
2593:
2510:
2483:
2454:Sylphornithidae
2445:
2424:Gracilitarsidae
2415:
2376:
2359:
2337:
2307:
2237:
2140:
2106:
2047:
2013:
1966:
1947:Brachypteracias
1925:
1904:Primobucconidae
1895:
1872:
1849:
1802:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1736:Rhabdotorrhinus
1644:
1601:
1581:
1535:
1512:
1498:Laurillardiidae
1487:
1474:
1457:
1450:
1430:
1410:
1381:
1348:
1204:
1188:Plesiocathartes
1160:Leptosomiformes
1150:
1137:
1093:
1074:
1024:
1016:Wayback Machine
1004:
985:
962:
960:Further reading
957:
922:
918:
899:
892:
882:
880:
870:
866:
851:
847:
837:
835:
820:
816:
807:
805:
803:www.traffic.org
797:
796:
792:
769:Rhinoplax vigil
765:
761:
751:
749:
730:
726:
691:
687:
674:
673:
669:
646:Rhinoplax vigil
642:
635:
628:
612:
608:
599:
597:
584:
583:
579:
564:
560:
550:
548:
539:
538:
534:
525:
523:
515:
514:
510:
500:
498:
474:Rhinoplax vigil
468:
464:
460:
435:
407:
375:near threatened
371:
351:
335:
287:
267:Malay Peninsula
254:Rhinoplax vigil
219:
212:
208:Rhinoplax vigil
206:
193:
173:
94:
86:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3680:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3603:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3494:Leuconotopicus
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3425:Chrysocolaptes
3421:
3414:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3074:incertae sedis
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2928:
2926:Semnornithidae
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2894:Aulacorhynchus
2890:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2662:
2660:incertae sedis
2653:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2390:
2388:
2386:incertae sedis
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1920:Septencoracias
1916:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1881:Geranopteridae
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1812:incertae sedis
1804:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1500:
1488:
1485:Bucerotiformes
1483:
1476:
1475:
1472:Bucerotiformes
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1367:Bucerotiformes
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1329:
1322:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1278:
1268:
1261:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1127:Coraciimorphae
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1022:External links
1020:
1019:
1018:
1002:
989:
983:
969:, ed. (2003).
961:
958:
956:
955:
916:
890:
864:
845:
814:
790:
779:(3): 506–508.
759:
724:
685:
667:
656:(2): 319–326.
633:
626:
606:
577:
558:
532:
508:
461:
459:
456:
434:
431:
427:hornbill ivory
415:hornbill ivory
406:
403:
370:
367:
363:strangler figs
350:
347:
334:
331:
304:great hornbill
286:
283:
243:
242:
228:
227:
221:
220:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
149:Bucerotiformes
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
74:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3884:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3556:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:Xiphidiopicus
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3314:Chrysophlegma
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:Australopicus
3214:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:Indicatoridae
2956:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:Jacamaralcyon
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:Palaegithalus
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2433:Gracilitarsus
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2352:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2263:Baryphthengus
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:Coraciiformes
1796:
1792:
1782:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1673:Anthracoceros
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:Rhinopomastus
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:Phoeniculidae
1547:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1530:Messelirrisor
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1396:Coraciiformes
1393:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1292:Masillatrogon
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:Apalharpactes
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Trogoniformes
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
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1048:
1042:
1039:
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1031:
1029:
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1025:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1003:0-19-857729-X
999:
995:
990:
986:
984:1-55297-777-3
980:
975:
974:
968:
964:
963:
951:
947:
943:
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931:
927:
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829:
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794:
786:
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746:
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689:
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677:
671:
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651:
647:
640:
638:
629:
623:
619:
616:
610:
596:on 2012-04-16
595:
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581:
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291:
282:
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264:
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256:
255:
250:
241:
238:
234:
233:Buceros vigil
229:
226:
222:
217:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
190:R. vigil
186:
183:
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177:
172:
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66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3582:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3466:Dendrocoptes
3464:
3457:
3450:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:Campephilini
3389:
3382:
3375:
3370:Mulleripicus
3368:
3361:
3356:Micropternus
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3278:
3258:
3238:
3230:Palaeonerpes
3228:
3218:
3191:
3184:
3164:
3144:
3124:
3114:
3106:Palaeonerpes
3104:
3094:
3086:Bitumenpicus
3084:
3073:
3035:
2987:
2980:
2975:Melichneutes
2973:
2966:
2933:
2913:
2906:
2901:Pteroglossus
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:Ramphastidae
2865:
2858:
2851:Megalaimidae
2838:
2833:Trachyphonus
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2762:
2755:
2745:
2729:Ramphastides
2716:
2693:
2686:Miopiconidae
2670:
2659:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2560:Micromonacha
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2532:Chelidoptera
2530:
2523:
2503:
2476:
2468:
2461:
2438:
2431:
2410:Pristineanis
2408:
2397:
2385:
2330:
2323:
2299:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2133:
2128:Chloroceryle
2126:
2119:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1918:
1911:
1890:Geranopterus
1888:
1865:
1858:Eocoraciidae
1842:
1834:Paracoracias
1832:
1822:
1811:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1680:Berenicornis
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1637:
1627:
1594:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1528:
1507:Laurillardia
1505:
1358:Picocoraciae
1341:
1336:Septentrogon
1334:
1324:
1317:
1309:Pharomachrus
1307:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1263:
1256:
1246:
1239:
1197:
1186:
1176:
1169:Leptosomidae
1119:Infraclass:
993:
972:
936:(1): 41–46.
933:
929:
919:
910:
906:
881:. Retrieved
877:
867:
858:
848:
836:. Retrieved
832:the original
827:
817:
806:. Retrieved
802:
793:
776:
772:
768:
762:
750:. Retrieved
745:the original
737:
727:
705:(1): 49–60.
702:
698:
688:
679:
670:
653:
649:
645:
618:
615:
609:
598:. Retrieved
594:the original
589:
580:
572:the original
561:
549:. Retrieved
544:
535:
524:. Retrieved
520:
511:
499:. Retrieved
485:
479:
473:
465:
436:
424:
405:Ivory casque
372:
360:
343:conspecifics
336:
312:
296:
253:
252:
248:
246:
232:
231:
207:
205:
189:
188:
169:
168:
18:
3736:iNaturalist
3607:Wikispecies
3522:Veniliornis
3515:Sphyrapicus
3473:Dendropicos
3459:Dendrocopos
3452:Chloropicus
3443:Melanerpini
3418:Campephilus
3411:Blythipicus
3349:Geocolaptes
3271:Hemicircini
3251:Nesoctitini
3116:Palaeopicus
3009:See below ↓
2989:Prodotiscus
2860:Caloramphus
2840:Tricholaema
2826:Stactolaema
2791:Cryptolybia
2757:Capitonides
2738:Capitonidae
2608:Brachygalba
2553:Malacoptila
2539:Hapaloptila
2463:Oligosylphe
2325:Palaeotodus
2232:Todiramphus
2225:Tanysiptera
2211:Pelargopsis
2146:Halcyoninae
2094:Corythornis
2071:Alcedininae
2062:Alcedinidae
2008:Miocoracias
1961:Uratelornis
1729:Penelopides
1708:Horizocerus
1701:Ceratogymna
1650:Bucerotidae
1569:Phoeniculus
1562:Phirriculus
1425:See below ↓
1405:See below ↓
1376:See below ↓
1319:Primotrogon
1275:Foshanornis
1214:Eucavitaves
1090:woodpeckers
1086:kingfishers
913:(4): 19–47.
680:Penn Museum
501:19 November
419:preen gland
323:preen gland
285:Description
159:Bucerotidae
3836:Categories
3814:Xeno-canto
3536:Yungipicus
3501:Melanerpes
3377:Pardipicus
3363:Meiglyptes
3300:Campethera
3280:Hemicircus
3260:Nesoctites
3193:Verreauxia
3157:Picumninae
3126:Piculoides
2982:Melignomon
2915:Selenidera
2908:Ramphastos
2867:Psilopogon
2819:Pogonornis
2812:Pogoniulus
2798:Gymnobucco
2784:Buccanodon
2636:Jacamerops
2599:Galbulidae
2581:Notharchus
2516:Bucconidae
2478:Sylphornis
2374:Piciformes
2155:Actenoides
2135:Megaceryle
2042:Nyctyornis
1998:Eurystomus
1972:Coraciidae
1954:Geobiastes
1913:Primobucco
1867:Eocoracias
1824:Cryptornis
1750:Rhyticeros
1715:Lophoceros
1694:Bycanistes
1666:Anorrhinus
1620:Bucorvidae
1416:Piciformes
1302:Paratrogon
1265:Euptilotis
1248:Apaloderma
1232:Trogonidae
1199:Waltonavis
1178:Leptosomus
1121:Neognathae
1076:Genera of
1008:Quoted at
859:Malay Mail
838:12 October
808:2019-01-10
600:2012-05-03
590:arkive.org
551:19 October
526:2022-01-14
458:References
78:Appendix I
3872:Rhinoplax
3847:Hornbills
3487:Leiopicus
3480:Dryobates
3342:Gecinulus
3335:Dryocopus
3240:Pliopicus
3096:Breacopus
2968:Indicator
2935:Semnornis
2709:Picavidae
2505:Jacamatia
2399:Homalopus
2301:Protornis
2284:Hylomanes
2247:Momotidae
2176:Clytoceyx
2162:Caridonax
2112:Cerylinae
2053:Alcedines
2028:Meropogon
2019:Meropidae
1984:Chehuenia
1940:Atelornis
1743:Rhinoplax
1639:Euroceros
1326:Priotelus
1282:Harpactes
1148:Cavitaves
1133:Cavitaves
1101:Kingdom:
1082:hornbills
950:0006-3207
719:2193-7206
521:cites.org
451:Orang Ulu
447:Punan Bah
421:colouring
279:Punan Bah
184:Species:
170:Rhinoplax
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
3801:Species+
3767:22682464
3666:22682464
3661:BirdLife
3592:Wikidata
3508:Picoides
3328:Dinopium
3321:Colaptes
3177:Sasiinae
3166:Picumnus
3137:Jynginae
2887:Andigena
2775:Lybiidae
2588:Nystalus
2546:Hypnelus
2277:Eumomota
2270:Electron
2204:Melidora
2101:Ispidina
1991:Coracias
1722:Ocyceros
1629:Bucorvus
1611:Buceroti
1587:Upupidae
1258:Eotrogon
1109:Chordata
1107:Phylum:
1103:Animalia
1012:Archived
752:20 April
545:Magazine
299:feathers
263:hornbill
225:Synonyms
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
3728:2475951
3715:1065068
3702:helhor1
3676:helhor1
3648:Avibase
3598:Q226043
3384:Piculus
3204:Picinae
3062:Picidae
3000:Picidae
2950:Picides
2764:Eubucco
2718:Picavus
2695:Miopico
2622:Galbula
2574:Nonnula
2489:Galbuli
2313:Todidae
2291:Momotus
2256:Aspatha
2190:Halcyon
2169:Cittura
1687:Buceros
1131:Clade:
1125:Clade:
1113:Class:
1078:trogons
391:TRAFFIC
381:on the
271:Sumatra
261:in the
237:Forster
218:, 1781)
216:Pennant
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
3780:866441
3754:707785
3741:144665
3635:ARKive
3307:Celeus
3291:Picini
2805:Lybius
2747:Capito
2567:Monasa
2440:Neanis
2197:Lacedo
2183:Dacelo
2121:Ceryle
2080:Alcedo
2035:Merops
1757:Tockus
1659:Aceros
1343:Trogon
1000:
981:
948:
883:13 Oct
717:
624:
443:Borneo
369:Status
349:Habits
339:barbet
327:distal
315:casque
275:Borneo
239:, 1781
178:, 1841
176:Gloger
3793:70960
3697:eBird
3689:4S9MS
3673:BOW:
3391:Picus
3186:Sasia
2525:Bucco
2332:Todus
1596:Upupa
1541:Upupi
387:CITES
82:CITES
76:CITES
3806:5769
3775:NCBI
3762:IUCN
3749:ITIS
3723:GBIF
3146:Jynx
2651:Pici
2218:Syma
2087:Ceyx
1115:Aves
998:ISBN
979:ISBN
946:ISSN
885:2015
840:2019
773:Ibis
754:2020
715:ISSN
650:Ibis
622:ISBN
553:2015
503:2021
486:2020
395:baht
333:Call
319:bill
259:bird
247:The
139:Aves
3710:EoL
3684:CoL
3622:ADW
938:doi
878:BBC
781:doi
777:145
707:doi
703:153
658:doi
654:129
648:".
490:doi
377:to
310:).
3838::
3816::
3803::
3790::
3777::
3764::
3751::
3738::
3725::
3712::
3699::
3686::
3663::
3650::
3637::
3624::
3609::
3594::
1088:,
1084:,
1080:,
944:.
934:82
932:.
928:.
911:15
909:.
905:.
893:^
876:.
857:.
826:.
801:.
775:.
736:.
713:.
701:.
697:.
678:.
652:.
636:^
588:.
543:.
519:.
484:.
478:.
273:,
269:,
3236:†
3226:†
3216:†
3122:†
3112:†
3102:†
3092:†
3082:†
2753:†
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2421:†
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2304:?
2297:†
2004:†
1980:†
1901:†
1878:†
1855:†
1840:†
1830:†
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1332:†
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1191:?
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1069:e
1062:t
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1006:.
987:.
952:.
940::
887:.
861:.
842:.
811:.
787:.
783::
756:.
721:.
709::
682:.
664:.
660::
630:.
603:.
555:.
529:.
505:.
492::
476:"
472:"
251:(
214:(
84:)
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
