1388:
2995:
3356:
881:
2455:
2254:
2927:
3375:
1975:
1609:
2140:
4480:
2946:
1407:
1303:
3677:
3028:
251:
2752:
1515:
2219:
388:
4465:
961:
2593:
4450:
1736:
3869:
2047:
1829:
4408:
1562:
62:
4428:
3564:
1895:
1496:
3965:
1956:
4388:
399:
1174:
87:
3204:
3850:
3616:
3916:
914:
3318:
1036:
3237:
2273:
3583:
3831:
3724:
9185:
5841:
3545:
1672:
2516:
1240:
2028:
3512:
1862:
1369:
1193:
3337:
1336:
2320:
4149:. In bracts containing small amounts of water, fly larvae and beetles are the dominant inhabitants. In bracts with greater quantities of water the typical inhabitants are mosquito larva. Insects living in the bracts often feed on the bract tissue, nectar of the flower, flower parts, other insects, microorganisms, or detritus in the water contained in the bract (Siefert 1982). Almost all species of
236:
4353:
Heliconias are grown for the florist's trade and as landscape plants. These plants do not grow well in cold, dry conditions. They are very drought intolerant, but can endure some soil flooding. Heliconias need an abundance of water, sunlight, and soils that are rich in humus in order to grow well.
378:
of these plants are 15–300 cm (6 in–10 ft). They are characteristically long, oblong, alternate, or growing opposite one another on nonwoody petioles often longer than the leaf, often forming large clumps with age. The leaves in different positions on the plant have a different
5491:
Meléndez-Ackerman, E. J.; Speranza, P.; Kress, W. J.; Rohena, L.; Toledo, E.; Cortés, C.; Treece, D.; Gitzendanner, M.; Soltis, P.; Soltis, D. (2005). "Microevolutionary processes inferred from AFLP and morphological variation in
Heliconia bihai (Heliconiaceae)".
4111:
to make diurnal tent-shaped roosts. The bat cuts the side veins of the leaf extending from the midrib, causing the leaf to fold like a tent. This structure provides the bat with shelter from rain, sun, and predators. In addition, the stems of the
4144:
Heliconias provide shelter for a diverse range of insects within their young rolled leaves and water-filled floral bracts. Insects that inhabit the rolled leaves often feed upon the inner surfaces of the leaf, such as beetles of the family
4236:
clumps, causing greater self-pollination. Hermits tend to have long curved bills while non-hermits tend to possess short straight bills, a morphological difference that likely spurred the divergence of these groups in the
4232:(McGuire 2008). Hermits are generally traplining foragers; that is, individuals visit a repeated circuit of high-reward flowers instead of holding fixed territories Non-hermits are territorial over their
446:
Fruits are blue-purple when ripe and primarily bird dispersed. Studies of post-dispersal seed survival showed that seed size was not a determinant. The highest amount of seed predation came from mammals.
4183:
Hummingbirds are the main pollinators of heliconia flowers in many locations. The concurrent diversification of hummingbird-pollinated taxa in the order
Zingiberales and the hummingbird family (
4249:, nectar production, color, and shape of flower. The hummingbird itself will choose the plants its feeds from on the basis of its beak shape, its perch on the plant, and its territory choice.
4757:
He, J.; Chee, C.; Goh, C. (1996). "'Photoinhibition' of
Heliconia under natural tropical conditions: the importance of leaf orientation for light interception and leaf temperature".
4187:: Phaethorninae) starting 18 million years ago supports the idea that these radiations have influenced one another through evolutionary time. At La Selva Research Station in
2641:
3287:
2980:
2914:
2426:
3471:
3437:
3034:
4195:
were found to have specific hummingbird pollinators. These hummingbirds can be organized into two different groups: hermits and non-hermits. Hermits are the subfamily
3271:
2627:
2536:
1356:
3971:
3324:
3303:
2655:
1915:
1643:
1260:
4091:
has green inflorescences and flowers that open at night, which is typical of bat pollinated plants. The macroglosine bat is the only known nocturnal pollinator of
3802:
3532:
3451:
3381:
3210:
2933:
2370:
1023:
3744:
3622:
3224:
3118:
2886:
2758:
2725:
2613:
2489:
2307:
2190:
2127:
1706:
1535:
1521:
1502:
1288:
1274:
1213:
4414:
3922:
3788:
3758:
3683:
3664:
3603:
3362:
3343:
3257:
3076:
3015:
2952:
2566:
2503:
2293:
2279:
2260:
2113:
2081:
2015:
1868:
1568:
1375:
1199:
1144:
1056:
1009:
981:
3818:
3650:
3518:
3160:
3104:
2599:
2580:
2522:
2442:
2412:
2225:
1962:
1943:
1929:
1882:
1596:
1582:
1549:
1483:
1427:
1394:
1387:
1130:
934:
4479:
3952:
3856:
3772:
3697:
3589:
3551:
3485:
3423:
3177:
3090:
2966:
2842:
2772:
2683:
2550:
2398:
2053:
1849:
1835:
1816:
1756:
1692:
1678:
1629:
1469:
1323:
1102:
1086:
1072:
4116:
leaves are not strong enough to carry the weight of typical bat predators, so shaking of the leaf alerts roosting bats to presence of predators. The bats
4256:
flower do not affect its production of nectar. This may account for the flowers not having a consistent amount of nectar produced from flower to flower.
3985:
3889:
3875:
3711:
3409:
3191:
3062:
3048:
2872:
2814:
2326:
2206:
2067:
1742:
1441:
995:
901:
3499:
3132:
2739:
2697:
2669:
2340:
2160:
2097:
2034:
1455:
868:
4449:
4427:
2356:
1786:
1116:
4864:
Hoii, Karen; Lulow, Megan (2006). "Effects of species, habitat, and distance from edge on post-dispersal seed predation in a
Tropical Rainforest".
2786:
2176:
417:, and consist of brightly colored, waxy bracts, with small true flowers peeping out from the bracts. The growth habit of heliconias is similar to
9392:
5794:
5731:"Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage"
9418:
5960:
5472:
Kress, W. J.; Specht, C. D. (2005). "Between Cancer and
Capricorn: phylogeny, evolution and ecology of the primarily tropical Zingiberales".
5318:
Dobkin, D. S. (1984). "Flowering patterns of long-lived "Heliconia" inflorescences: implications for visiting and resident nectarivores".
4002:
Most of the 194 known species are native to the tropical
Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the western Pacific and
431:, to which they are related. The flowers can be hues of reds, oranges, yellows, and greens, and are subtended by brightly colored bracts.
9454:
379:
absorption potential of sunlight for photosynthesis when exposed to different degrees of sunlight. They also look like lobster claws.
5216:
Kress, W.J.; Specht, Chelsea (2005). "Between cancer and capricorn: phylogeny, evolution, and ecology of the tropical
Zingiberales".
5682:
Iles, William J.D.; Sass, Chodon; Lagomarsino, Laura; Benson-Martin, Gracie; Driscoll, Heather; Specht, Chelsea D. (December 2016).
4387:
9340:
6008:
5425:"Evolution of sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape of hermit hummingbirds (Phaethornithinae): a role for ecological causation"
4663:
Iles, William J. D.; Sass, Chodon; Lagomarsino, Laura; Benson-Martin, Gracie; Driscoll, Heather; Specht, Chelsea D. (2017-12-01).
9541:
9536:
9405:
9353:
5649:
5283:
McGuire, J. A.; Witt, C. C.; Remsen Jr., J. V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2008). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds".
4464:
5830:
4165:
plant. In addition, these beetles deposit their eggs on the leaf surface, petioles of immature leaves, or in the bracts of the
9531:
5692:
4910:
9410:
5803:
4339:
H. augusta, H. bihai, H. brasiliensis, H. caribaea, H. latispatha, H. pendula, H. psittacorum, H. rostrata, H. schiediana,
4161:. These beetles live in and feed from the rolled leaf, the stems, the inflorescences, or the unfurled mature leaves of the
5683:
5605:
Feinsinger, Peter (1978). "Ecological interactions between plants and hummingbirds in a successional tropical community".
5240:
Stiles, Gary (1975). "Ecology, flowering phenology, and hummingbird pollination of some Costa Rican "Heliconia" species".
4407:
2994:
5527:
Linhart, Yan (1973). "Ecological and behavioral determinants of pollen dispersal in hummingbird- pollinated
Heliconia".
4502:
4245:
flowers that select for either hermit or non-hermit pollinator specificity are degree of self-compatibility, flowering
4819:"Disentangling the drivers of reduced long-distance seed dispersal by birds in an experimentally fragmented landscape"
5953:
5808:
4524:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
3355:
4263:
species have different flowering seasons. This suggests that the species compete for pollinators. Many species of
9423:
9379:
5562:
Feinsinger, Peter (1983). "Variable nectar secretion in a
Heliconia species pollinated by hermit hummingbirds".
4997:
224:
9472:
5160:"Nesting habits and nest symbionts of Polistes erythrocephalus Latreille (Hymenoptera Vespidae) in Costa Rica"
5159:
5987:
5218:
Proceedings of a
Symposium on Plant Diversity and Complexity Patterns - Local, Regional and Global Dimensions
880:
4641:
2926:
2253:
9526:
9188:
6013:
6003:
5946:
3277:
2454:
5783:
4228:. Non-hermits are a catch-all group of other hummingbirds that often visit heliconias, comprising several
305:
of threatened species. Several species are widely cultivated as ornamentals, and a few are naturalized in
9280:
9275:
9262:
9332:
4609:
366:
These herbaceous plants range from 0.5 to nearly 4.5 m (1.5–15 ft) tall, depending on the species.
9467:
5823:
3778:
3374:
2346:
1608:
27:
5791:
5124:
Strong Jr., Donald R. (1977). "Insect Species Richness: Hispine Beetles of the Heliconia Latispatha".
4664:
4576:
86:
9433:
9358:
5056:
Timm, R.W.; Patterson, B.D. (1987). "Tent Construction by bats of the genera Artibeus and Uroderma".
4014:
of these regions. Several species are widely cultivated as ornamentals, and a few are naturalized in
3146:
1723:
5998:
4354:
These flowers are grown in tropical regions all over the world as ornamental plants. The flower of
4171:
1974:
42:
9459:
2139:
4998:"Selection of Roost sited by Honduran White Bats, Ectophylla Alba (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae)"
4075:
are almost exclusively pollinated by hummingbirds, some bat pollination has been found to occur.
3636:
2856:
9327:
9205:
4043:
3395:
2986:
1770:
460:
9397:
4900:
5816:
4356:
3837:
3001:
1615:
1413:
9446:
9301:
5701:
5614:
5571:
5327:
5249:
5012:
4962:
4830:
4676:
4437:
4039:
3936:
3903:
3461:
3293:
2800:
2196:
2146:
1800:
1712:
1042:
920:
70:
3166:
1806:
1406:
1092:
8:
9243:
2900:
1342:
887:
250:
175:
5938:
5705:
5618:
5575:
5331:
5253:
5016:
4966:
4834:
4680:
4132:, has suction disks on the wrists which allow it to cling to the smooth surfaces of the
2218:
387:
301:
of these regions. Most species are listed as either vulnerable or data deficient by the
9521:
9493:
9028:
8246:
8138:
7762:
6249:
5993:
5759:
5730:
5630:
5587:
5544:
5509:
5449:
5424:
5400:
5373:
5351:
5300:
5265:
5201:
5184:
5141:
5098:
5038:
4978:
4881:
4877:
4770:
4394:
4051:
3942:
3730:
3243:
2945:
2475:
1981:
1309:
1246:
1227:
948:
201:
81:
5838:
5657:
9441:
9288:
8985:
8784:
8336:
8196:
8125:
8048:
7929:
7815:
7732:
7097:
6088:
6024:
5764:
5717:
5454:
5405:
5343:
5106:
4906:
4846:
4817:
Uriarte, M. Anciães; da Silva, M. T.B.; Rubim, P.; Johnson, E.; Bruna, E. M. (2011).
4700:
4692:
4665:"The phylogeny of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) and the evolution of floral presentation"
4540:
4523:
4217:
4003:
3676:
3570:
3027:
2751:
2711:
2384:
2245:
2005:
1901:
1776:
1657:
1561:
1514:
1302:
967:
286:
5548:
5513:
5355:
4885:
4802:
4785:
2087:
9498:
9293:
8869:
8859:
8819:
8799:
8575:
8505:
8480:
8427:
8201:
8191:
7954:
7891:
7835:
7810:
7556:
7461:
7428:
7218:
7132:
7127:
7102:
7003:
6965:
6873:
6537:
6400:
6375:
6370:
6163:
6080:
5754:
5744:
5709:
5622:
5579:
5536:
5501:
5444:
5436:
5395:
5385:
5335:
5304:
5292:
5257:
5196:
5133:
5088:
5028:
5020:
4970:
4873:
4838:
4797:
4766:
4684:
4621:
4545:
4535:
4361:
4280:
4196:
4011:
3964:
2828:
2592:
2461:
2239:
1995:
1955:
1158:
960:
500:
298:
240:
9267:
9254:
4364:) is especially distinctive, its greenish-yellow flowers with black spots and red
3868:
2046:
1828:
1735:
9150:
8937:
8804:
8789:
8369:
8256:
8236:
8231:
8221:
8186:
8002:
7997:
7797:
7767:
7737:
7621:
7586:
7546:
7521:
7511:
7471:
7223:
7112:
6995:
6970:
6865:
6837:
6827:
6620:
6590:
6532:
6517:
6380:
6206:
6113:
5970:
5853:
5798:
4818:
4786:"Heliconia acuminata reproductive success is independent of local floral density"
4153:
beetles that use rolled leaves are obligate herbivores of plants of the order of
4084:
3563:
3457:
2103:
1894:
1180:
527:
270:
124:
61:
5713:
4688:
4136:
leaves. This bat roosts head-up in the rolled young leaves of Heliconia plants.
1495:
9142:
9132:
9114:
9086:
9048:
9038:
8990:
8957:
8947:
8942:
8864:
8814:
8761:
8746:
8631:
8545:
8485:
8475:
8379:
8281:
8216:
8206:
8166:
8148:
7949:
7876:
7664:
7626:
7581:
7516:
7491:
7466:
7410:
7324:
7092:
7039:
6975:
6832:
6724:
6701:
6663:
6640:
6630:
6433:
6295:
6234:
6098:
5876:
5378:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4626:
4267:, even the newly colonized species, are visited by many different pollinators.
4128:
in the same manner as the Honduran white bat. The neotropical disk-winged bat,
734:
111:
5296:
1173:
398:
9515:
9228:
9124:
9053:
9023:
9000:
8995:
8980:
8932:
8899:
8894:
8829:
8623:
8608:
8555:
8535:
8495:
8490:
8470:
8432:
8384:
8331:
8321:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8241:
8156:
8133:
8115:
8083:
8068:
8030:
7934:
7914:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7752:
7747:
7727:
7712:
7674:
7669:
7616:
7606:
7601:
7551:
7531:
7506:
7496:
7397:
7319:
7299:
7238:
7233:
7213:
7147:
7117:
7077:
6985:
6980:
6927:
6797:
6759:
6734:
6706:
6691:
6635:
6615:
6610:
6527:
6494:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6425:
6415:
6405:
6385:
6355:
6287:
6254:
6244:
6211:
6201:
6191:
6060:
6042:
5974:
5905:
5893:
5868:
4696:
4295:
4146:
3203:
2862:
1663:
1164:
609:
588:
523:
503:
482:
456:
419:
302:
244:
214:
193:
137:
74:
5390:
3849:
3615:
9485:
9063:
9058:
9043:
9033:
8972:
8854:
8839:
8809:
8766:
8756:
8710:
8687:
8677:
8649:
8550:
8530:
8500:
8442:
8389:
8311:
8266:
8226:
8181:
8171:
8161:
8053:
8022:
7987:
7972:
7886:
7881:
7787:
7541:
7536:
7501:
7481:
7456:
7443:
7433:
7405:
7362:
7357:
7314:
7281:
7266:
7228:
7205:
7142:
7137:
7122:
7087:
7069:
7021:
6960:
6955:
6947:
6822:
6782:
6716:
6696:
6686:
6678:
6645:
6605:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6484:
6479:
6443:
6360:
6239:
6196:
6093:
6070:
6034:
5845:
5768:
5721:
5458:
5440:
5409:
5347:
5077:"Observations on the Neotropical disk-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor spix"
4850:
4704:
4154:
3915:
2432:
913:
564:
530:
160:
17:
5110:
3317:
3236:
1035:
9366:
9237:
9018:
8914:
8874:
8849:
8844:
8834:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8664:
8613:
8565:
8560:
8540:
8520:
8447:
8374:
8316:
8271:
8211:
8176:
8073:
8063:
8007:
7919:
7858:
7853:
7805:
7777:
7757:
7717:
7699:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7566:
7561:
7526:
7420:
7377:
7352:
7276:
7248:
7243:
7082:
7059:
7044:
7013:
6932:
6807:
6787:
6749:
6600:
6595:
6572:
6557:
6499:
6489:
6395:
6390:
6342:
6259:
6183:
6168:
6145:
6140:
6065:
6052:
5925:
5729:
Sass, C; Iles, WJ; Barrett, CF; Smith, SY; Specht, CD (21 January 2016).
4610:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
4505:, designated a conservation center by the Heliconia Society International
4213:
4184:
4035:
3830:
3723:
3582:
2272:
671:
534:
435:
358:(39 Ma) and are the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants.
355:
150:
438:
in the region. They also produce ample nectar that attract these birds.
9345:
9101:
9091:
9068:
8952:
8889:
8824:
8751:
8728:
8654:
8600:
8510:
8364:
8351:
8326:
8306:
8058:
8040:
8012:
7982:
7977:
7909:
7868:
7845:
7782:
7772:
7722:
7707:
7636:
7591:
7576:
7486:
7387:
7367:
7329:
7309:
7031:
6937:
6817:
6802:
6792:
6522:
6471:
6410:
6365:
6216:
6173:
6132:
6123:
5749:
5634:
5591:
5339:
5269:
5145:
5102:
5042:
4982:
4550:
4399:
4188:
4150:
3544:
1671:
519:
337:
38:
34:
4842:
2515:
526:
of 2003, confirm the Heliconiaceae as distinct and places them in the
9371:
9314:
9109:
9078:
9010:
8879:
8738:
8720:
8672:
8641:
8570:
8515:
8452:
8437:
8422:
8359:
8341:
8276:
8251:
8088:
7992:
7944:
7924:
7571:
7476:
7451:
6922:
6914:
6812:
6777:
6754:
6744:
6729:
6668:
6625:
6585:
6562:
6332:
6264:
6155:
5920:
5910:
5881:
5033:
4312:
4246:
4224:
4205:
2027:
1239:
719:
656:
624:
551:
290:
9199:
5626:
5583:
5490:
5261:
5137:
5093:
5076:
5024:
4974:
4103:
Many bats use Heliconia leaves for shelter. The Honduran white bat,
9480:
9222:
8962:
8884:
8794:
8776:
8525:
8462:
8414:
8404:
8261:
8078:
7964:
7939:
7901:
7742:
7611:
7596:
7382:
7372:
7347:
7304:
7271:
7180:
7107:
6904:
6887:
6739:
6655:
6509:
6324:
6314:
6226:
5863:
5840:
5540:
5505:
4671:. 25th Anniversary Issue of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
4276:
4201:
4023:
3808:
2556:
2001:
807:
541:
507:
314:
278:
9384:
9319:
4953:
Kress, W. J. (1985). "Bat Pollination of an Old World Heliconia".
344:
genus. Collectively, these plants are also simply referred to as "
8924:
8590:
7689:
7644:
7339:
7291:
7258:
7172:
6896:
6842:
6350:
4784:
Bruna, E. M.; Kress, W. J.; Marques, F.; da Silva, O. F. (2004).
4739:
4419:
4369:
4238:
4209:
4015:
3511:
3336:
1861:
1368:
1335:
1192:
486:
414:
306:
282:
16:"Lobster-claw" redirects here. For the crustacean appendage, see
5681:
5372:
Graham, C. H.; Parra, J. L.; Rahbek, C.; McGuire, J. A. (2009).
4662:
3309:
1294:
7195:
7162:
6769:
6580:
4373:
4320:
4299:
4229:
4019:
490:
434:
The flowers' shape often limits pollination to a subset of the
428:
410:
310:
9306:
2319:
5735:
4930:(3rd ed.). Sunderland, England: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
4365:
4175:
build their nest on the protected underside of large leaves.
2166:
1062:
537:
473:
464:
281:, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the western
266:
235:
98:
5374:"Phylogenetic structure in tropical hummingbird communities"
5282:
4816:
4489:
4441:
375:
277:. Most of the 194 known species are native to the tropical
4521:
5968:
5688:(Heliconiaceae) and the evolution of floral presentation"
4783:
4458:
sp. in tropical rain forest at Sierra del Escambray, Cuba
5371:
336:; the last term refers to their close similarity to the
4603:
4601:
4934:
4058:) also lives in tents it makes from heliconia leaves.
5423:
Temeles, E. J.; Miller, J. S.; Rifkin, J. L. (2010).
4042:(Phathornithinae), some of which – such as the
4598:
5422:
4283:have been selected for garden planting, including:
4034:Heliconias are an important food source for forest
9513:
4607:
5429:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
4899:Datta, S. K.; Gupta, Youdh Chand, eds. (2022).
4050:) – also use the plant for nesting. The
6864:
5954:
5824:
5074:
5055:
6286:
5598:
5555:
4995:
4737:
4608:Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016).
5471:
5215:
4905:. Singapore: Springer Nature. p. 730.
4738:Gilman, Edward; Meerow, Alan (1 May 2007).
3997:
3928:Central America, N South America, Trinidad
5961:
5947:
5831:
5817:
5728:
5604:
5561:
5123:
4940:
4928:Plant Systematics: A phylogenetic approach
4898:
4717:
4169:. Furthermore, some wasp species such as
506:, but was formerly included in the family
60:
5758:
5748:
5448:
5399:
5389:
5367:
5365:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5200:
5189:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
5185:"Tempo and mode of hummingbird evolution"
5182:
5176:
5092:
5032:
4863:
4801:
4756:
4625:
4549:
4539:
4515:
5484:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4528:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
848:Species accepted by Kew Botanic Gardens
455:The generic name Heliconia was given by
413:are produced on long, erect or drooping
397:
386:
249:
234:
8402:
5526:
5520:
5494:International Journal of Plant Sciences
5465:
5416:
5276:
5068:
4946:
4810:
4079:is pollinated by the macroglosine bat (
9514:
7171:
5362:
5317:
5311:
5239:
5228:
5152:
5117:
5049:
4989:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4488:(Dwarf Jamaican) leaf at a nursery on
3824:Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
9204:
9203:
7160:
5942:
5812:
5804:Heliconia observations at iNaturalist
5693:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4952:
4726:
4669:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4644:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4634:
9434:fb17487c-3734-4e5e-bf03-1ddc5574d3be
5075:Findley, J.S.; Wilson, D.E. (1974).
4925:
4919:
4857:
4777:
4744:University of Florida IFAS Extension
4711:
3082:NW South America, S Central America
2958:NW South America, S Central America
2939:NW South America, S Central America
5647:
5641:
4558:
4522:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
3862:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, NW Brazil
2448:N South America, S Central America
2266:Colombia, Ecuador, Central America
1508:Colombia, Ecuador, Central America
510:, which includes the bananas (e.g.
499:is the only genus in the monotypic
320:Common names for the genus include
13:
5202:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00351.x
4926:Judd, Walter; et al. (2007).
4902:Floriculture and Ornamental Plants
4878:10.1111/j.1744-7429.1997.tb00040.x
4771:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00002.x
4586:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023
4503:National Tropical Botanical Garden
3387:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Brazil
3007:N South America, Panama, Trinidad
2467:NW South America, Central America
1907:Central + South America, Trinidad
14:
9553:
5777:
4996:Timm, R.W.; Mortimer, J. (1976).
4750:
4718:Berry, Fred; Kress, John (1991).
3249:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
2528:N South America, Central America
9473:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331205-2
9184:
9183:
5839:
4722:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
4541:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
4478:
4463:
4448:
4426:
4406:
4386:
3963:
3914:
3867:
3848:
3829:
3722:
3675:
3614:
3581:
3562:
3543:
3510:
3477:South America, Panama, Trinidad
3373:
3354:
3335:
3316:
3235:
3202:
3026:
2993:
2944:
2925:
2750:
2591:
2514:
2453:
2318:
2271:
2252:
2217:
2138:
2045:
2026:
1973:
1954:
1893:
1860:
1827:
1734:
1670:
1607:
1560:
1513:
1494:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1334:
1301:
1238:
1191:
1172:
1034:
959:
912:
879:
522:of 1998, and its successor, the
85:
5674:
5209:
4892:
4803:10.1590/s0044-59672004000300012
4436:sp. in tropical rain forest at
4178:
3096:Colombia, Venezuela, NW Brazil
9542:Garden plants of South America
9537:Garden plants of North America
4720:Heliconia Identification Guide
4656:
4620:(3). Magnolia Press: 201–217.
4333:Most commonly grown landscape
4270:
4124:form tents from the leaves of
4066:
2040:Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua
907:S Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
361:
1:
5648:Ong, Chong Ren (March 2007).
4759:Plant, Cell & Environment
4509:
3750:Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
3656:Colombia, NE Peru, NW Brazil
2878:Guiana, Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
1968:Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
1186:West Indies, N South America
1029:Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica
394:growing in West Bengal, India
9532:Garden plants of Australasia
3278:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1219:Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
7:
5714:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.001
4689:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.001
4496:
4199:, consisting of the genera
4107:, utilizes five species of
450:
10:
9558:
4740:"Heliconia spp. Heliconia"
4627:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
4379:
4368:reminiscent of the bright
4252:Hummingbird visits to the
4139:
4098:
4029:
3736:S Mexico, Central America
3505:S Mexico, Central America
3288:Heliconia sanctae-theresae
2981:Heliconia pseudoaemygdiana
2778:Colombia, Central America
2661:Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
2495:S Mexico, Central America
2212:S Mexico, Central America
2133:Colombia, Peru, NW Brazil
1574:Trinidad, N South America
1419:S Mexico, Central America
1205:S Mexico, Central America
1048:S Mexico, Central America
843:
474:
465:
32:
28:Heliconia (disambiguation)
25:
15:
9212:
9179:
9141:
9123:
9100:
9077:
9009:
8971:
8923:
8912:
8775:
8737:
8719:
8701:
8663:
8640:
8622:
8599:
8588:
8461:
8413:
8350:
8147:
8124:
8113:
8039:
8021:
7963:
7900:
7867:
7844:
7796:
7698:
7687:
7635:
7442:
7419:
7396:
7338:
7290:
7257:
7204:
7193:
7189:
7068:
7057:
7030:
7012:
6994:
6946:
6913:
6895:
6886:
6855:
6768:
6715:
6677:
6654:
6571:
6508:
6470:
6442:
6424:
6341:
6323:
6308:
6277:
6225:
6182:
6154:
6131:
6122:
6111:
6079:
6051:
6033:
6022:
5982:
5892:
5852:
5297:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x
4584:Plant of the World Online
3472:Heliconia spathocircinata
3438:Heliconia signa-hispanica
3147:Heliconia riopalenquensis
2073:Ecuador, Peru, NW Brazil
987:Ecuador, Peru, NW Brazil
805:
798:
756:
732:
717:
710:
702:
669:
654:
647:
622:
607:
600:
592:
582:
575:
568:
518:and so on). However, the
382:
369:
207:
200:
82:Scientific classification
80:
68:
59:
52:
5384:(Suppl 2): 19673–19678.
4241:era. Characteristics of
4172:Polistes erythrocephalus
3998:Distribution and habitat
3272:Heliconia sanctae-martae
2764:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
2731:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
2647:Suriname, French Guiana
2642:Heliconia × nickeriensis
2628:Heliconia necrobracteata
2537:Heliconia monteverdensis
1684:SE Brazil, NE Argentina
1555:Suriname, French Guiana
1357:Heliconia chrysocraspeda
1252:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
441:
338:bird-of-paradise flowers
273:in the monotypic family
33:Not to be confused with
5654:Green Culture Singapore
5529:The American Naturalist
5391:10.1073/pnas.0901649106
4398:in a botanical garden,
4348:
4061:
3972:Heliconia xanthovillosa
3637:Heliconia tandayapensis
3349:Colombia, Panama, Peru
3325:Heliconia sarapiquensis
3304:Heliconia santaremensis
2915:Heliconia × plagiotropa
2857:Heliconia peckenpaughii
2656:Heliconia nigripraefixa
2427:Heliconia × mantenensis
1916:Heliconia holmquistiana
1644:Heliconia estiletioides
1261:Heliconia caltheaphylla
5441:10.1098/rstb.2009.0284
5285:Journal of Ornithology
5183:Bleiweiss, R. (1998).
4191:, specific species of
4093:Heliconia solomonensis
4089:Heliconia solomonensis
4081:Melonycteris woodfordi
4077:Heliconia solomonensis
4044:rufous-breasted hermit
3803:Heliconia uxpanapensis
3533:Heliconia stella-maris
3452:Heliconia solomonensis
3415:Costa Rica, Nicaragua
3396:Heliconia sclerotricha
3382:Heliconia schumanniana
3211:Heliconia rodriguensis
3035:Heliconia × rauliniana
2934:Heliconia platystachys
2371:Heliconia luteoviridis
2152:from S Mexico to Peru
1771:Heliconia fredberryana
1724:Heliconia × flabellata
1024:Heliconia atropurpurea
406:
405:inflorescence close up
395:
334:false bird-of-paradise
257:
247:
5607:Ecological Monographs
4471:Heliconia psittacorum
3838:Heliconia vellerigera
3745:Heliconia trichocarpa
3623:Heliconia talamancana
3225:Heliconia rodriguezii
3119:Heliconia richardiana
3002:Heliconia psittacorum
2887:Heliconia penduloides
2759:Heliconia orthotricha
2726:Heliconia obscuroides
2614:Heliconia nariniensis
2586:Venezuela, NW Brazil
2490:Heliconia marthiasiae
2308:Heliconia lourteigiae
2191:Heliconia lentiginosa
2128:Heliconia lasiorachis
1707:Heliconia fernandezii
1616:Heliconia episcopalis
1536:Heliconia darienensis
1522:Heliconia danielsiana
1503:Heliconia curtispatha
1414:Heliconia collinsiana
1289:Heliconia carajaensis
1275:Heliconia caquetensis
1214:Heliconia brachyantha
401:
390:
255:Heliconia psittacorum
253:
238:
5081:Journal of Mammalogy
4438:Sierra del Escambray
4415:Heliconia wagneriana
3937:Heliconia willisiana
3923:Heliconia wagneriana
3904:Heliconia virginalis
3789:Heliconia umbrophila
3759:Heliconia tridentata
3684:Heliconia thomasiana
3665:Heliconia terciopela
3604:Heliconia tacarcunae
3462:Bismarck Archipelago
3363:Heliconia schiedeana
3344:Heliconia scarlatina
3258:Heliconia samperiana
3077:Heliconia reticulata
3016:Heliconia ramonensis
2953:Heliconia pogonantha
2801:Heliconia paludigena
2567:Heliconia mucilagina
2509:Colombia, Venezuela
2504:Heliconia meridensis
2294:Heliconia lophocarpa
2280:Heliconia longissima
2261:Heliconia longiflora
2147:Heliconia latispatha
2114:Heliconia lankesteri
2082:Heliconia kautzkiana
2016:Heliconia intermedia
1869:Heliconia griggsiana
1801:Heliconia gaiboriana
1569:Heliconia densiflora
1376:Heliconia clinophila
1200:Heliconia bourgaeana
1145:Heliconia berriziana
1057:Heliconia auriculata
1043:Heliconia aurantiaca
1010:Heliconia atratensis
982:Heliconia apparicioi
921:Heliconia aemygdiana
71:Heliconia latispatha
26:For other uses, see
9527:Zingiberales genera
5706:2017MolPE.117..150I
5619:1978EcoM...48..269F
5576:1983Biotr..15...48F
5474:Biologiske Skrifter
5435:(1543): 1053–1063.
5332:1984Oecol..64..245D
5254:1975Ecol...56..285S
5017:1976Ecol...57..385T
4967:1985Biotr..17..302K
4835:2011Ecol...92..924U
4681:2017MolPE.117..150I
4130:Thyroptera tricolor
3958:Costa Rica, Panama
3819:Heliconia vaginalis
3703:NE Peru, NW Brazil
3651:Heliconia tenebrosa
3628:Costa Rica, Panama
3557:Costa Rica, Panama
3519:Heliconia standleyi
3330:Costa Rica, Panama
3161:Heliconia rivularis
3105:Heliconia rhodantha
3021:Costa Rica, Panama
2901:Heliconia peteriana
2703:Costa Rica, Panama
2689:Costa Rica, Panama
2600:Heliconia mutisiana
2581:Heliconia mucronata
2523:Heliconia metallica
2443:Heliconia marginata
2413:Heliconia magnifica
2299:Costa Rica, Panama
2226:Heliconia lingulata
2119:Costa Rica, Panama
1963:Heliconia imbricata
1949:Costa Rica, Panama
1944:Heliconia ignescens
1930:Heliconia huilensis
1883:Heliconia harlingii
1597:Heliconia donstonea
1583:Heliconia dielsiana
1550:Heliconia dasyantha
1527:Costa Rica, Panama
1489:Costa Rica, Panama
1484:Heliconia cucullata
1428:Heliconia combinata
1400:Costa Rica, Panama
1395:Heliconia colgantea
1381:Costa Rica, Panama
1343:Heliconia chartacea
1131:Heliconia berguidoi
935:Heliconia albicosta
888:Heliconia acuminata
9029:Pentaphragmataceae
8247:Stegnospermataceae
8139:Berberidopsidaceae
7763:Pentadiplandraceae
6250:Atherospermataceae
5797:2007-11-21 at the
5750:10.7717/peerj.1584
5684:"The phylogeny of
5650:"Heliconia Basics"
5340:10.1007/bf00376878
5058:Fieldiana: Zoology
4395:Heliconia rostrata
4294:, both species of
4292:H. spathocircinata
4118:Artibeus anderseni
4052:Honduran white bat
4006:. Many species of
3953:Heliconia wilsonii
3881:Colombia, Ecuador
3857:Heliconia velutina
3773:Heliconia triflora
3731:Heliconia tortuosa
3698:Heliconia timothei
3590:Heliconia subulata
3552:Heliconia stilesii
3486:Heliconia spiralis
3424:Heliconia sessilis
3244:Heliconia rostrata
3178:Heliconia robertoi
3091:Heliconia revoluta
3054:Colombia, Ecuador
2967:Heliconia pruinosa
2843:Heliconia pastazae
2773:Heliconia osaensis
2684:Heliconia nubigena
2619:Colombia, Ecuador
2551:Heliconia mooreana
2476:Heliconia markiana
2399:Heliconia maculata
2054:Heliconia julianii
1982:Heliconia impudica
1874:Colombia, Ecuador
1850:Heliconia gracilis
1836:Heliconia gloriosa
1817:Heliconia gigantea
1757:Heliconia fragilis
1693:Heliconia faunorum
1679:Heliconia farinosa
1630:Heliconia estherae
1602:Colombia, Ecuador
1470:Heliconia cristata
1447:Colombia, Ecuador
1324:Heliconia carmelae
1310:Heliconia caribaea
1247:Heliconia burleana
1228:Heliconia brenneri
1103:Heliconia beckneri
1087:Heliconia barryana
1073:Heliconia badilloi
949:Heliconia angelica
407:
396:
392:Heliconia rostrata
354:originated in the
293:. Many species of
258:
248:
9509:
9508:
9442:Open Tree of Life
9206:Taxon identifiers
9197:
9196:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9167:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9159:
9158:
8986:Cardiopteridaceae
8908:
8907:
8785:Plocospermataceae
8584:
8583:
8398:
8397:
8337:Anacampserotaceae
8197:Ancistrocladaceae
8126:Berberidopsidales
8109:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8049:Biebersteiniaceae
7930:Sphaerosepalaceae
7816:Strasburgeriaceae
7733:Setchellanthaceae
7683:
7682:
7156:
7155:
7098:Cercidiphyllaceae
7053:
7052:
6882:
6881:
6851:
6850:
6304:
6303:
6273:
6272:
6107:
6106:
6089:Austrobaileyaceae
5936:
5935:
5896:(Ginger-families)
4912:978-981-15-3518-5
4843:10.1890/10-0709.1
4765:(11): 1238–1248.
4486:Heliconia stricta
4473:in Lagos, Nigeria
4157:, which includes
4038:, especially the
4010:are found in the
3995:
3994:
3986:Heliconia zebrina
3890:Heliconia villosa
3876:Heliconia venusta
3712:Heliconia titanum
3571:Heliconia stricta
3410:Heliconia secunda
3192:Heliconia robusta
3124:NE South America
3063:Heliconia reptans
3049:Heliconia regalis
2873:Heliconia pendula
2815:Heliconia papuana
2712:Heliconia obscura
2385:Heliconia lutheri
2327:Heliconia lozanoi
2207:Heliconia librata
2068:Heliconia juruana
1902:Heliconia hirsuta
1743:Heliconia foreroi
1658:Heliconia excelsa
1588:NW South America
1541:Colombia, Panama
1442:Heliconia cordata
996:Heliconia arrecta
968:Heliconia angusta
902:Heliconia adflexa
841:
840:
836:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
745:
744:
691:
690:
682:
681:
635:
634:
459:in 1771 from the
297:are found in the
233:
232:
227:
217:
196:
178:
9549:
9502:
9501:
9489:
9488:
9476:
9475:
9463:
9462:
9450:
9449:
9437:
9436:
9427:
9426:
9414:
9413:
9401:
9400:
9388:
9387:
9375:
9374:
9362:
9361:
9349:
9348:
9336:
9335:
9323:
9322:
9310:
9309:
9297:
9296:
9284:
9283:
9271:
9270:
9258:
9257:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9233:
9232:
9231:
9201:
9200:
9187:
9186:
8921:
8920:
8870:Thomandersiaceae
8860:Lentibulariaceae
8820:Scrophulariaceae
8800:Tetrachondraceae
8597:
8596:
8586:
8585:
8576:Mitrastemonaceae
8506:Pentaphylacaceae
8481:Tetrameristaceae
8428:Hydrostachyaceae
8411:
8410:
8400:
8399:
8202:Rhabdodendraceae
8192:Dioncophyllaceae
8122:
8121:
7955:Dipterocarpaceae
7892:Dipentodontaceae
7836:Crossosomataceae
7811:Geissolomataceae
7696:
7695:
7557:Chrysobalanaceae
7462:Ctenolophonaceae
7429:Lepidobotryaceae
7219:Anisophylleaceae
7202:
7201:
7191:
7190:
7169:
7168:
7158:
7157:
7133:Tetracarpaeaceae
7128:Aphanopetalaceae
7103:Daphniphyllaceae
7066:
7065:
7055:
7054:
7004:Trochodendraceae
6966:Circaeasteraceae
6893:
6892:
6874:Ceratophyllaceae
6862:
6861:
6538:Alstroemeriaceae
6401:Potamogetonaceae
6376:Scheuchzeriaceae
6371:Hydrocharitaceae
6321:
6320:
6284:
6283:
6164:Aristolochiaceae
6129:
6128:
6120:
6119:
6081:Austrobaileyales
6031:
6030:
6027:
6025:Basalangiosperms
6009:Acrogymnospermae
5971:flowering plants
5963:
5956:
5949:
5940:
5939:
5843:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5785:Monocot families
5772:
5762:
5752:
5725:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5656:. Archived from
5645:
5639:
5638:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5535:(956): 511–523.
5524:
5518:
5517:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5452:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5403:
5393:
5369:
5360:
5359:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5237:
5226:
5225:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5096:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5002:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4724:
4723:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4605:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4573:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4543:
4519:
4482:
4467:
4452:
4430:
4410:
4390:
4362:parrot heliconia
4337:species include
4197:Phaethornithinae
4012:tropical forests
3967:
3918:
3871:
3852:
3833:
3726:
3679:
3618:
3585:
3576:N South America
3566:
3547:
3514:
3500:Heliconia spissa
3377:
3358:
3339:
3320:
3239:
3206:
3133:Heliconia rigida
3030:
2997:
2948:
2929:
2829:Heliconia pardoi
2754:
2740:Heliconia oleosa
2698:Heliconia nutans
2670:Heliconia nitida
2595:
2518:
2462:Heliconia mariae
2457:
2341:Heliconia luciae
2322:
2275:
2256:
2240:Heliconia litana
2221:
2161:Heliconia laufao
2142:
2098:Heliconia lanata
2059:N South America
2049:
2035:Heliconia irrasa
2030:
1996:Heliconia indica
1977:
1958:
1897:
1864:
1831:
1738:
1674:
1611:
1564:
1517:
1498:
1456:Heliconia crassa
1409:
1390:
1371:
1348:N South America
1338:
1305:
1242:
1195:
1176:
1159:Heliconia berryi
1038:
963:
916:
883:
869:Heliconia abaloi
851:
850:
801:
800:
713:
712:
705:
704:
650:
649:
603:
602:
595:
594:
585:
584:
578:
577:
571:
570:
561:
560:
554:of Zingiberales
547:
546:
477:
476:
468:
467:
299:tropical forests
271:flowering plants
241:Heliconia mariae
223:
213:
192:
174:
90:
89:
64:
50:
49:
9557:
9556:
9552:
9551:
9550:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9497:
9492:
9484:
9479:
9471:
9466:
9458:
9453:
9445:
9440:
9432:
9430:
9422:
9417:
9409:
9404:
9396:
9391:
9383:
9378:
9370:
9365:
9357:
9352:
9344:
9339:
9331:
9326:
9318:
9313:
9305:
9300:
9292:
9287:
9279:
9274:
9266:
9261:
9253:
9251:
9242:
9241:
9236:
9227:
9226:
9221:
9208:
9198:
9193:
9155:
9151:Paracryphiaceae
9137:
9119:
9096:
9073:
9005:
8967:
8938:Torricelliaceae
8917:
8904:
8805:Calceolariaceae
8790:Carlemanniaceae
8771:
8733:
8715:
8697:
8659:
8636:
8618:
8593:
8580:
8457:
8407:
8394:
8370:Balanophoraceae
8346:
8257:Lophiocarpaceae
8237:Achatocarpaceae
8232:Caryophyllaceae
8222:Macarthuriaceae
8187:Drosophyllaceae
8143:
8118:
8093:
8035:
8017:
8003:Crypteroniaceae
7998:Melastomataceae
7959:
7896:
7863:
7840:
7798:Crossosomatales
7792:
7768:Gyrostemonaceae
7738:Koeberliniaceae
7692:
7679:
7631:
7622:Picrodendraceae
7587:Lacistemataceae
7547:Dichapetalaceae
7522:Centroplacaceae
7512:Lophopyxidaceae
7472:Erythroxylaceae
7438:
7415:
7392:
7334:
7286:
7253:
7224:Corynocarpaceae
7198:
7185:
7165:
7152:
7113:Grossulariaceae
7062:
7049:
7026:
7008:
6996:Trochodendrales
6990:
6971:Lardizabalaceae
6942:
6909:
6878:
6866:Ceratophyllales
6857:Ceratophyllidae
6847:
6838:Ecdeiocoleaceae
6828:Flagellariaceae
6764:
6711:
6673:
6650:
6621:Tecophilaeaceae
6591:Blandfordiaceae
6567:
6533:Petermanniaceae
6518:Campynemataceae
6504:
6466:
6438:
6420:
6381:Aponogetonaceae
6337:
6312:
6300:
6269:
6221:
6207:Himantandraceae
6178:
6150:
6116:
6114:Mesangiospermae
6103:
6075:
6047:
6023:
6018:
5999:Marchantiophyta
5978:
5967:
5937:
5932:
5888:
5873:Strelitziineae
5854:Banana-families
5848:
5837:
5799:Wayback Machine
5780:
5775:
5677:
5672:
5663:
5661:
5646:
5642:
5627:10.2307/2937231
5603:
5599:
5584:10.2307/2387998
5560:
5556:
5525:
5521:
5489:
5485:
5470:
5466:
5421:
5417:
5370:
5363:
5316:
5312:
5281:
5277:
5262:10.2307/1934961
5238:
5229:
5214:
5210:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5138:10.2307/1939006
5122:
5118:
5094:10.2307/1379546
5073:
5069:
5054:
5050:
5025:10.2307/1934829
5000:
4994:
4990:
4975:10.2307/2388592
4951:
4947:
4941:Sass et al 2016
4939:
4935:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4897:
4893:
4862:
4858:
4815:
4811:
4782:
4778:
4755:
4751:
4736:
4727:
4716:
4712:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4606:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4575:
4574:
4559:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4499:
4492:
4483:
4474:
4468:
4459:
4453:
4444:
4431:
4422:
4411:
4402:
4391:
4382:
4351:
4329:cv. 'Sexy Pink'
4305:H. × rauliniana
4273:
4181:
4142:
4101:
4085:Solomon Islands
4069:
4064:
4056:Ectophylla alba
4048:Glaucis hirsuta
4032:
4000:
3458:Solomon Islands
2357:Heliconia lutea
2104:Solomon Islands
1787:Heliconia fugax
1181:Heliconia bihai
1117:Heliconia bella
857:Scientific name
846:
837:
828:
819:
788:
779:
770:
746:
708:Strelitziineae
692:
683:
636:
453:
444:
385:
372:
364:
191:
173:
84:
46:
31:
24:
23:Genus of plants
21:
12:
11:
5:
9555:
9545:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9499:wfo-4000017228
9490:
9477:
9464:
9451:
9438:
9428:
9415:
9402:
9389:
9376:
9363:
9350:
9337:
9324:
9311:
9298:
9285:
9272:
9259:
9249:
9234:
9218:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9153:
9147:
9145:
9143:Paracryphiales
9139:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9133:Escalloniaceae
9129:
9127:
9121:
9120:
9118:
9117:
9115:Caprifoliaceae
9112:
9106:
9104:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9087:Columelliaceae
9083:
9081:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9049:Argophyllaceae
9046:
9041:
9039:Alseuosmiaceae
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9015:
9013:
9007:
9006:
9004:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8991:Phyllonomaceae
8988:
8983:
8977:
8975:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8960:
8958:Myodocarpaceae
8955:
8950:
8948:Pittosporaceae
8945:
8943:Griseliniaceae
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8918:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8865:Schlegeliaceae
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8815:Plantaginaceae
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8781:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8762:Sphenocleaceae
8759:
8754:
8749:
8747:Convolvulaceae
8743:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8725:
8723:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8707:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8669:
8667:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8652:
8646:
8644:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8632:Metteniusaceae
8628:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8605:
8603:
8594:
8589:
8582:
8581:
8579:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8546:Sarraceniaceae
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8486:Fouquieriaceae
8483:
8478:
8476:Marcgraviaceae
8473:
8467:
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8419:
8417:
8408:
8403:
8396:
8395:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8380:Misodendraceae
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8356:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8282:Phytolaccaceae
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8217:Asteropeiaceae
8214:
8209:
8207:Simmondsiaceae
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8167:Plumbaginaceae
8164:
8159:
8153:
8151:
8149:Caryophyllales
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8119:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8045:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7950:Sarcolaenaceae
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7906:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7877:Gerrardinaceae
7873:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7693:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7665:Elaeocarpaceae
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7627:Phyllanthaceae
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7582:Passifloraceae
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7517:Putranjivaceae
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7492:Calophyllaceae
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7467:Rhizophoraceae
7464:
7459:
7454:
7448:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7411:Zygophyllaceae
7408:
7402:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7325:Ticodendraceae
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7210:
7208:
7199:
7194:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7177:
7175:
7166:
7161:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7093:Hamamelidaceae
7090:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7063:
7058:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7040:Myrothamnaceae
7036:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6976:Menispermaceae
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6833:Joinvilleaceae
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6725:Strelitziaceae
6721:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6702:Pontederiaceae
6699:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6664:Dasypogonaceae
6660:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6641:Amaryllidaceae
6638:
6633:
6631:Xeronemataceae
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6434:Petrosaviaceae
6430:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6318:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6296:Chloranthaceae
6292:
6290:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6235:Calycanthaceae
6231:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6137:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6099:Schisandraceae
6096:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6028:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6004:Polypodiophyta
6001:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5966:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5943:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5902:Zingiberariae
5899:
5897:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5877:Strelitziaceae
5871:
5866:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5836:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5789:
5779:
5778:External links
5776:
5774:
5773:
5726:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5640:
5613:(3): 269–287.
5597:
5554:
5541:10.1086/282854
5519:
5506:10.1086/431231
5500:(5): 781–794.
5483:
5464:
5415:
5361:
5326:(2): 245–254.
5310:
5275:
5248:(2): 285–301.
5227:
5208:
5175:
5151:
5132:(3): 573–582.
5116:
5087:(3): 563–571.
5067:
5048:
5011:(2): 385–389.
4988:
4961:(4): 302–308.
4945:
4933:
4918:
4911:
4891:
4872:(4): 459–468.
4856:
4829:(4): 924–937.
4809:
4796:(3): 467–471.
4790:Acta Amazonica
4776:
4749:
4725:
4710:
4655:
4633:
4597:
4557:
4534:(2): 105–121.
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4484:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4447:
4445:
4432:
4425:
4423:
4412:
4405:
4403:
4392:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4357:H. psittacorum
4350:
4347:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4302:
4288:H. psittacorum
4272:
4269:
4180:
4177:
4141:
4138:
4105:Ectohylla alba
4100:
4097:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4031:
4028:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3872:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3843:Ecuador, Peru
3841:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:South America
3593:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3567:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:Ecuador, Peru
3522:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3197:Peru, Bolivia
3195:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2987:Rio de Janeiro
2984:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:Heliconia paka
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:Ecuador, Peru
2715:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2313:South America
2311:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:Peru, Bolivia
2229:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:Heliconia laxa
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:Espírito Santo
2085:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:South America
1619:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
992:
989:
988:
985:
978:
975:
974:
971:
964:
956:
955:
952:
945:
942:
941:
938:
931:
928:
927:
926:South America
924:
917:
909:
908:
905:
898:
895:
894:
893:South America
891:
884:
876:
875:
872:
865:
862:
861:
858:
855:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
833:
830:
829:
825:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
812:
811:
804:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
781:
780:
776:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
762:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:Strelitziaceae
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
716:
711:
709:
703:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
689:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
675:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
653:
648:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
606:
601:
599:
598:Zingiberariae
593:
591:
583:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
559:
556:
555:
452:
449:
443:
440:
384:
381:
371:
368:
363:
360:
231:
230:
229:
228:
218:
205:
204:
198:
197:
184:
180:
179:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
122:
115:
114:
109:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
75:inflorescences
66:
65:
57:
56:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9554:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9500:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9469:
9465:
9461:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9429:
9425:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9394:
9390:
9386:
9381:
9377:
9373:
9368:
9364:
9360:
9355:
9351:
9347:
9342:
9338:
9334:
9329:
9325:
9321:
9316:
9312:
9308:
9303:
9299:
9295:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9277:
9273:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9250:
9245:
9239:
9235:
9230:
9224:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9202:
9190:
9182:
9181:
9178:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9125:Escalloniales
9122:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9076:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9054:Menyanthaceae
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9024:Campanulaceae
9022:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
9008:
9002:
9001:Aquifoliaceae
8999:
8997:
8996:Helwingiaceae
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8981:Stemonuraceae
8979:
8978:
8976:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8933:Pennantiaceae
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8919:
8916:
8911:
8901:
8900:Orobanchaceae
8898:
8896:
8895:Paulowniaceae
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8830:Linderniaceae
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8774:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8722:
8718:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8700:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8666:
8662:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8625:
8624:Metteniusales
8621:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8609:Oncothecaceae
8607:
8606:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8587:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8556:Actinidiaceae
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8536:Diapensiaceae
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8496:Lecythidaceae
8494:
8492:
8491:Polemoniaceae
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8471:Balsaminaceae
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8460:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8433:Hydrangeaceae
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8412:
8409:
8406:
8401:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:Schoepfiaceae
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8332:Portulacaceae
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8322:Halophytaceae
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8302:Molluginaceae
8300:
8298:
8297:Nyctaginaceae
8295:
8293:
8292:Sarcobataceae
8290:
8288:
8287:Petiveriaceae
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8242:Amaranthaceae
8240:
8238:
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2025:
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2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
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1993:
1991:
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1986:
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1983:
1979:
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1971:
1967:
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1307:
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1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
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1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
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1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
965:
962:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
943:
939:
937:
936:
932:
930:
929:
925:
923:
922:
918:
915:
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
889:
885:
882:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
866:
864:
863:
860:Distribution
859:
856:
853:
852:
849:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
810:
809:
803:
802:
796:
795:
792:
791:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
761:
760:
759:Heliconiaceae
754:
753:
750:
749:
741:
740:
737:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
715:
714:
707:
706:
700:
699:
696:
695:
687:
686:
678:
677:
674:
673:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
652:
651:
644:
643:
640:
639:
631:
630:
627:
626:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
610:Zingiberaceae
605:
604:
597:
596:
590:
589:Zingiberineae
587:
586:
580:
579:
573:
572:
566:
563:
562:
558:
557:
553:
549:
548:
545:
543:
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
524:APG II system
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Heliconiaceae
502:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
483:Mount Helicon
480:
471:
462:
458:
457:Carl Linnaeus
448:
439:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
404:
400:
393:
389:
380:
377:
367:
359:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:wild plantain
327:
323:
322:lobster-claws
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:IUCN Red List
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Heliconiaceae
272:
268:
264:
263:
256:
252:
246:
245:inflorescence
243:
242:
237:
226:
222:
221:Heliconiopsis
219:
216:
212:
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
195:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
177:
172:
171:Heliconiaceae
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:Tracheophytes
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
63:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
19:
9213:
9064:Calyceraceae
9059:Goodeniaceae
9044:Phellinaceae
9034:Stylidiaceae
8973:Aquifoliales
8855:Bignoniaceae
8840:Martyniaceae
8810:Gesneriaceae
8767:Hydroleaceae
8757:Montiniaceae
8711:Boraginaceae
8688:Gelsemiaceae
8678:Gentianaceae
8650:Eucommiaceae
8551:Roridulaceae
8531:Symplocaceae
8501:Sladeniaceae
8443:Curtisiaceae
8390:Loranthaceae
8312:Didiereaceae
8267:Barbeuiaceae
8227:Microteaceae
8182:Nepenthaceae
8172:Polygonaceae
8162:Tamaricaceae
8054:Nitrariaceae
8023:Picramniales
7988:Vochysiaceae
7973:Combretaceae
7887:Tapisciaceae
7882:Petenaeaceae
7788:Brassicaceae
7542:Trigoniaceae
7537:Balanopaceae
7502:Hypericaceae
7482:Bonnetiaceae
7457:Irvingiaceae
7444:Malpighiales
7434:Celastraceae
7406:Krameriaceae
7363:Elaeagnaceae
7358:Dirachmaceae
7315:Juglandaceae
7282:Polygalaceae
7267:Quillajaceae
7229:Coriariaceae
7206:Cucurbitales
7143:Haloragaceae
7138:Penthoraceae
7123:Crassulaceae
7088:Altingiaceae
7070:Saxifragales
7022:Dilleniaceae
6961:Papaveraceae
6956:Eupteleaceae
6948:Ranunculales
6856:
6823:Restionaceae
6783:Bromeliaceae
6717:Zingiberales
6697:Philydraceae
6687:Hanguanaceae
6679:Commelinales
6646:Asparagaceae
6606:Hypoxidaceae
6553:Ripogonaceae
6548:Philesiaceae
6543:Colchicaceae
6485:Velloziaceae
6480:Triuridaceae
6444:Dioscoreales
6361:Alismataceae
6309:
6278:
6240:Siparunaceae
6197:Magnoliaceae
6094:Trimeniaceae
6071:Nymphaeaceae
6035:Amborellales
6014:Angiospermae
5969:Families of
5846:Zingiberales
5844:Families of
5784:
5740:
5734:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5675:Bibliography
5662:. Retrieved
5658:the original
5653:
5643:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5570:(1): 48–52.
5567:
5563:
5557:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5432:
5428:
5418:
5381:
5377:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5245:
5241:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5195:(1): 63–76.
5192:
5188:
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5154:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5008:
5004:
4991:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4936:
4927:
4921:
4901:
4894:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4743:
4719:
4713:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4642:"Helliconia"
4636:
4617:
4613:
4588:. Retrieved
4583:
4578:
4531:
4527:
4517:
4485:
4470:
4455:
4433:
4413:
4393:
4355:
4352:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4327:H. chartacea
4326:
4316:
4309:H. marginata
4308:
4304:
4291:
4287:
4274:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4223:
4200:
4192:
4182:
4179:Hummingbirds
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4155:Zingiberales
4143:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4055:
4047:
4036:hummingbirds
4033:
4007:
4001:
3984:
3970:
3951:
3935:
3921:
3902:
3888:
3874:
3855:
3836:
3817:
3801:
3787:
3771:
3757:
3743:
3729:
3710:
3696:
3682:
3663:
3649:
3635:
3621:
3602:
3588:
3569:
3550:
3531:
3517:
3498:
3484:
3470:
3450:
3436:
3422:
3408:
3394:
3380:
3361:
3342:
3323:
3302:
3286:
3270:
3256:
3242:
3223:
3209:
3190:
3176:
3159:
3145:
3131:
3117:
3103:
3089:
3075:
3061:
3047:
3033:
3014:
3000:
2979:
2965:
2951:
2932:
2913:
2899:
2885:
2871:
2855:
2841:
2827:
2813:
2799:
2785:
2771:
2757:
2738:
2724:
2710:
2696:
2682:
2668:
2654:
2640:
2626:
2612:
2598:
2579:
2565:
2549:
2535:
2521:
2502:
2488:
2474:
2460:
2441:
2433:Minas Gerais
2425:
2411:
2397:
2383:
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2355:
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2278:
2259:
2238:
2224:
2205:
2189:
2175:
2159:
2145:
2126:
2112:
2096:
2080:
2066:
2052:
2033:
2014:
1994:
1980:
1961:
1942:
1928:
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1900:
1881:
1867:
1848:
1834:
1815:
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1769:
1755:
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1482:
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1426:
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1393:
1374:
1355:
1341:
1322:
1315:West Indies
1308:
1287:
1273:
1259:
1245:
1226:
1212:
1198:
1179:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
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1085:
1071:
1055:
1041:
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994:
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966:
947:
933:
919:
900:
886:
867:
847:
806:
758:
757:
733:
718:
670:
655:
623:
608:
565:Zingiberales
531:Zingiberales
515:
511:
496:
495:
478:
469:
454:
445:
436:hummingbirds
433:
424:
418:
408:
402:
391:
373:
365:
351:
350:
345:
341:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
294:
274:
261:
260:
259:
254:
239:
220:
210:
187:
186:
170:
161:Zingiberales
144:
131:
118:
105:
69:
53:
47:
18:Lobster claw
9367:iNaturalist
9238:Wikispecies
9019:Rousseaceae
8915:Campanulids
8875:Verbenaceae
8850:Acanthaceae
8845:Pedaliaceae
8835:Byblidaceae
8703:Boraginales
8693:Apocynaceae
8683:Loganiaceae
8665:Gentianales
8614:Icacinaceae
8566:Cyrillaceae
8561:Clethraceae
8541:Styracaceae
8521:Primulaceae
8448:Grubbiaceae
8375:Santalaceae
8317:Basellaceae
8272:Gisekiaceae
8212:Physenaceae
8177:Droseraceae
8074:Sapindaceae
8064:Burseraceae
8008:Alzateaceae
7920:Neuradaceae
7859:Francoaceae
7854:Geraniaceae
7806:Aphloiaceae
7778:Capparaceae
7758:Tovariaceae
7718:Moringaceae
7700:Brassicales
7660:Cunoniaceae
7655:Oxalidaceae
7650:Connaraceae
7567:Achariaceae
7562:Humiriaceae
7527:Elatinaceae
7421:Celastrales
7378:Cannabaceae
7353:Barbeyaceae
7277:Surianaceae
7249:Begoniaceae
7244:Datiscaceae
7083:Paeoniaceae
7060:Superrosids
7045:Gunneraceae
7014:Dilleniales
6933:Platanaceae
6808:Thurniaceae
6788:Rapateaceae
6750:Marantaceae
6601:Lanariaceae
6596:Asteliaceae
6581:Orchidaceae
6573:Asparagales
6558:Smilacaceae
6500:Pandanaceae
6490:Stemonaceae
6396:Zosteraceae
6391:Maundiaceae
6343:Alismatales
6260:Monimiaceae
6184:Magnoliales
6169:Saururaceae
6146:Winteraceae
6141:Canellaceae
6124:Magnoliidae
6066:Cabombaceae
6053:Nymphaeales
5986:Supergroup
5926:Marantaceae
5700:: 150–167.
5291:: 155–165.
4675:: 150–167.
4551:10654/18083
4271:Cultivation
4214:Phaethornis
4185:Trochilidae
4122:A. phaeotis
4067:Pollination
3794:Costa Rica
3230:Costa Rica
2820:New Guinea
2542:Costa Rica
1855:Costa Rica
1715:, Colombia
1266:Costa Rica
1108:Costa Rica
940:Costa Rica
672:Marantaceae
550:Cladogram:
403:H. rostrata
374:The simple
362:Description
356:Late Eocene
326:toucan beak
151:Commelinids
125:Angiosperms
9516:Categories
9102:Dipsacales
9092:Bruniaceae
9069:Asteraceae
8953:Araliaceae
8890:Phrymaceae
8825:Stilbaceae
8752:Solanaceae
8729:Vahliaceae
8655:Garryaceae
8601:Icacinales
8511:Sapotaceae
8365:Opiliaceae
8352:Santalales
8327:Talinaceae
8307:Montiaceae
8059:Kirkiaceae
8041:Sapindales
8013:Penaeaceae
7983:Onagraceae
7978:Lythraceae
7910:Cytinaceae
7869:Huerteales
7846:Geraniales
7783:Cleomaceae
7773:Resedaceae
7723:Caricaceae
7708:Akaniaceae
7637:Oxalidales
7592:Salicaceae
7577:Goupiaceae
7487:Clusiaceae
7388:Urticaceae
7368:Rhamnaceae
7330:Betulaceae
7310:Myricaceae
7032:Gunnerales
6938:Proteaceae
6818:Cyperaceae
6803:Mayacaceae
6793:Xyridaceae
6523:Corsiaceae
6472:Pandanales
6411:Ruppiaceae
6366:Butomaceae
6217:Annonaceae
6174:Piperaceae
6133:Canellales
5917:Cannariae
5664:2019-02-11
5564:Biotropica
5480:: 459–478.
5224:: 459–478.
5168:14 October
5064:: 188–212.
4955:Biotropica
4866:Biotropica
4648:17 October
4510:References
4400:Costa Rica
4259:Different
4189:Costa Rica
3895:Venezuela
3779:B Amazonas
3216:Venezuela
3040:Venezuela
2347:B Amazonas
1461:Guatemala
1167:, Ecuador
973:SE Brazil
645:Cannariae
535:commelinid
520:APG system
489:, central
470:Helikṓnios
425:Strelitzia
346:heliconias
342:Strelitzia
39:Heliconius
35:Helliconia
9522:Heliconia
9244:Heliconia
9214:Heliconia
9110:Adoxaceae
9079:Bruniales
9011:Asterales
8880:Lamiaceae
8739:Solanales
8721:Vahliales
8673:Rubiaceae
8642:Garryales
8571:Ericaceae
8516:Ebenaceae
8453:Cornaceae
8438:Loasaceae
8423:Nyssaceae
8360:Olacaceae
8342:Cactaceae
8277:Aizoaceae
8252:Limeaceae
8089:Meliaceae
7993:Myrtaceae
7945:Cistaceae
7925:Malvaceae
7572:Violaceae
7477:Ochnaceae
7452:Pandaceae
6923:Sabiaceae
6915:Proteales
6813:Juncaceae
6778:Typhaceae
6755:Costaceae
6745:Cannaceae
6730:Lowiaceae
6669:Arecaceae
6626:Iridaceae
6586:Boryaceae
6563:Liliaceae
6333:Acoraceae
6265:Lauraceae
6156:Piperales
5994:Bryophyta
5921:Cannaceae
5911:Costaceae
5882:Lowiaceae
5743:: e1584.
5686:Heliconia
5320:Oecologia
5034:1808/4484
4697:1055-7903
4614:Phytotaxa
4590:4 January
4579:Heliconia
4456:Heliconia
4434:Heliconia
4335:Heliconia
4313:Venezuela
4298:, mainly
4277:cultivars
4265:Heliconia
4261:Heliconia
4254:Heliconia
4247:phenology
4243:Heliconia
4234:Heliconia
4225:Threnetes
4218:Ramphodon
4206:Eutoxeres
4193:Heliconia
4167:Heliconia
4163:Heliconia
4159:Heliconia
4134:Heliconia
4126:Heliconia
4114:Heliconia
4109:Heliconia
4083:) in the
4073:Heliconia
4071:Although
4008:Heliconia
3943:Pichincha
3764:Colombia
3717:Colombia
3670:Colombia
3538:Colombia
3491:Colombia
3443:Colombia
3294:Antioquia
3263:Colombia
3183:Colombia
3169:, Brazil
3167:São Paulo
3138:Colombia
3110:Colombia
3068:Colombia
2745:Colombia
2675:Colombia
2605:Colombia
2572:Colombia
2376:Colombia
2332:Colombia
2285:Colombia
2197:Antioquia
2182:Colombia
2021:Colombia
1935:Colombia
1921:Colombia
1822:Colombia
1762:Colombia
1748:Colombia
1713:Antioquia
1649:Colombia
1635:Colombia
1433:Colombia
1362:Colombia
1329:Colombia
1280:Colombia
1150:Colombia
1136:E Panama
1078:Colombia
1015:Colombia
1001:Colombia
874:Colombia
720:Lowiaceae
657:Cannaceae
625:Costaceae
552:Phylogeny
533:, in the
497:Heliconia
466:Ἑλικώνιος
352:Heliconia
295:Heliconia
291:Indonesia
262:Heliconia
188:Heliconia
95:Kingdom:
54:Heliconia
9486:40022726
9481:Tropicos
9385:331205-2
9223:Wikidata
9189:Category
8963:Apiaceae
8885:Mazaceae
8795:Oleaceae
8777:Lamiales
8526:Theaceae
8463:Ericales
8415:Cornales
8405:Asterids
8262:Kewaceae
8079:Rutaceae
7965:Myrtales
7940:Bixaceae
7902:Malvales
7743:Bataceae
7612:Linaceae
7597:Peraceae
7383:Moraceae
7373:Ulmaceae
7348:Rosaceae
7305:Fagaceae
7272:Fabaceae
7181:Vitaceae
7108:Iteaceae
6905:Buxaceae
6888:Eudicots
6740:Musaceae
6656:Arecales
6510:Liliales
6325:Acorales
6315:Monocots
6227:Laurales
5864:Musaceae
5795:Archived
5769:26819846
5722:27998817
5549:83563223
5514:84110783
5459:20194168
5410:19805042
5356:10591923
5348:28312346
4886:86005157
4851:21661555
4705:27998817
4497:See also
4317:H. bihai
4275:Several
4202:Anopetia
4024:Thailand
3909:Ecuador
3809:Veracruz
3642:Ecuador
3401:Ecuador
3152:Ecuador
2920:Ecuador
2906:Ecuador
2848:Ecuador
2834:Ecuador
2806:Ecuador
2557:Guerrero
2481:Ecuador
2390:Ecuador
2246:Imbabura
2002:Papuasia
1987:Ecuador
1888:Ecuador
1807:Los Ríos
1777:Imbabura
1729:Ecuador
1233:Ecuador
1093:Chiriquí
954:Ecuador
808:Musaceae
542:monocots
508:Musaceae
451:Taxonomy
415:panicles
315:Thailand
279:Americas
202:Synonyms
167:Family:
138:Monocots
9398:1355057
9346:2760545
9229:Q624242
8925:Apiales
8591:Lamiids
7690:Malvids
7645:Huaceae
7340:Rosales
7292:Fagales
7259:Fabales
7173:Vitales
6897:Buxales
6843:Poaceae
6351:Araceae
6310:Lilidae
5760:4727956
5702:Bibcode
5635:2937231
5615:Bibcode
5592:2387998
5572:Bibcode
5450:2830232
5401:2780942
5328:Bibcode
5305:1918245
5270:1934961
5250:Bibcode
5242:Ecology
5146:1939006
5126:Ecology
5111:4853410
5103:1379546
5043:1934829
5013:Bibcode
5005:Ecology
4983:2388592
4963:Bibcode
4831:Bibcode
4823:Ecology
4677:Bibcode
4420:Florida
4380:Gallery
4374:parrots
4370:plumage
4281:hybrids
4239:Miocene
4210:Glaucis
4151:Hispini
4140:Insects
4099:Habitat
4040:hermits
4030:Ecology
4016:Florida
3977:Panama
3689:Panama
3609:Panama
3429:Panama
3368:Mexico
2633:Panama
2418:Panama
2404:Panama
2362:Panama
1698:Panama
1475:Panama
1122:Panama
844:Species
487:Boeotia
479:Helikṓn
429:bananas
411:flowers
340:in the
307:Florida
283:Pacific
183:Genus:
157:Order:
99:Plantae
43:Helicon
9460:HELIC2
9455:PLANTS
9447:730914
9431:NZOR:
9333:114891
9281:148543
9268:215232
9255:191287
9252:APDB:
7196:Fabids
7163:Rosids
6770:Poales
5975:APG IV
5787:(USDA)
5767:
5757:
5720:
5633:
5590:
5547:
5512:
5457:
5447:
5408:
5398:
5354:
5346:
5303:
5268:
5144:
5109:
5101:
5041:
4981:
4909:
4884:
4849:
4703:
4695:
4366:bracts
4321:Brazil
4300:Brazil
4230:clades
4020:Gambia
4004:Maluku
2006:Maluku
516:Ensete
501:family
491:Greece
481:after
475:Ἑλικών
427:, and
409:Their
383:Flower
376:leaves
370:Leaves
313:, and
311:Gambia
287:Maluku
9411:42386
9393:IRMNG
9372:84964
9320:1HEBG
9307:35074
9294:8VY5D
5988:Plant
5736:PeerJ
5631:JSTOR
5588:JSTOR
5545:S2CID
5510:S2CID
5352:S2CID
5301:S2CID
5266:JSTOR
5163:(PDF)
5142:JSTOR
5099:JSTOR
5039:JSTOR
5001:(PDF)
4979:JSTOR
4882:S2CID
3991:Peru
2972:Peru
2892:Peru
2792:Fiji
2167:Samoa
1841:Peru
1792:Peru
1063:Bahia
854:Image
538:clade
528:order
472:from
463:word
461:Greek
442:Seeds
420:Canna
332:, or
267:genus
265:is a
215:Mill.
211:Bihai
176:Vines
145:Clade
132:Clade
119:Clade
106:Clade
41:, or
9468:POWO
9424:4653
9419:NCBI
9406:ITIS
9380:IPNI
9359:5481
9354:GRIN
9341:GBIF
9315:EPPO
9276:BOLD
9263:APNI
5765:PMID
5718:PMID
5455:PMID
5406:PMID
5344:PMID
5170:2014
5107:PMID
4907:ISBN
4847:PMID
4701:PMID
4693:ISSN
4650:2019
4592:2022
4490:Maui
4442:Cuba
4349:Uses
4315:) ×
4279:and
4222:and
4120:and
4062:Bats
4022:and
3310:Pará
2863:Napo
1664:Napo
1295:Pará
1165:Napo
512:Musa
285:and
225:Miq.
9494:WFO
9328:FNA
9302:EoL
9289:CoL
5755:PMC
5745:doi
5710:doi
5698:117
5623:doi
5580:doi
5537:doi
5533:107
5502:doi
5498:166
5445:PMC
5437:doi
5433:365
5396:PMC
5386:doi
5382:106
5336:doi
5293:doi
5289:150
5258:doi
5197:doi
5134:doi
5089:doi
5029:hdl
5021:doi
4971:doi
4874:doi
4839:doi
4798:doi
4767:doi
4685:doi
4673:117
4622:doi
4618:261
4581:L."
4546:hdl
4536:doi
4532:161
4418:in
4372:of
4341:and
540:of
485:in
348:".
289:in
269:of
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