334:
30:
415:. I am a living example of the fact that the statements made by Wolińska and certain people around her about anti-semitism are nonsense." Bartoszewski told Anne Applebaum in 1998 that he recalled, while in prison during the 1950s, seeing blank arrest warrants with Wolińska's signature on them as a demonstration of the authorities ability to continue extending his imprisonment.
376:; in particular, because of her advanced age and the long period of time that had elapsed since the alleged crimes occurred (the Polish authorities considered the latter reason to be unfair, given that any proper investigation of her alleged crimes became possible only after the fall of communism in Poland in 1989).
320:
Fieldorf was executed on 24 February 1953, following a show-trial, and his remains buried in a secret location – his family was never shown the body. A 1956 report commissioned during Poland's period of de-Stalinization concluded that Wolińska-Brus had violated the rule of law by her involvement in
441:(EAW) against Wolińska-Brus, which was duly issued on 20 November 2007. A year later, Wolińska-Brus died on 26 November 2008 in Oxford. Although the funeral was scheduled for 5 December 2008, she was buried on 3 December in a closed ceremony, at
410:
and an honorary citizen of Israel, who had also been prosecuted by Wolińska-Brus: "On my indictment affidavit, in red pencil, is the signature of Helena Wolińska. Affirming the accusations against me, she knew that I was co-founder of
484:
631:
Based on a 1957 report of the "Mazur
Committee" called in Communist Poland to investigate the liability of former employees of Stalinist military prosecutors offices and courts.
368:. A second application was submitted in 2001. The Polish indictments were based the claim that Wolińska-Brus had fabricated evidence which led to the execution of General
706:
309:
and it is punishable by up to ten years in prison. She was also accused of organising the unlawful arrest, investigation and trial of Poland's wartime general
422:, which made possible a third attempt to extradite Wolińska-Brus. In January 2006, her prosecutorial pension was revoked and later that year Polish president
841:
395:
in 2007 quoted
Fieldorf's daughter, Maria, who accused Wolińska-Brus of having been "one of those careerists who are the pillars of any dictatorship."
896:
806:
936:
921:
782:
325:
in 2007 that she was not the prosecutor in the
Fieldorf case, although historians have said otherwise. She signed his arrest warrant in 1953.
243:
However, she met Brus again in 1944 and they eventually remarried in 1956, after she had separated from Jóźwiak, now a deputy minister of the
364:
The first of three applications for Wolińska-Brus' extradition to Poland was made in 1999, initiated by an investigation carried out by the
488:
916:
171:
656:
670:
716:
240:, where most of them were murdered. She became known as Helena Wolińska because of the false documents she acquired at this time.
931:
302:
197:
224:(born Beniamin Zylberberg). They became separated during the German occupation of Poland after Wolińska-Brus escaped from the
766:
244:
193:
639:
262:
In the 1960s, her husband Włodzimierz Brus shifted from supporting the party hierarchy to openly backing such dissidents as
941:
790:
464:
317:
against the German occupation during World War II. He refused to work with the Polish communist government after the war.
876:
831:
886:
881:
684:
372:
and the wrongful arrest and imprisonment of 24 other anti-Nazi resistance fighters. Both requests were refused by the
236:, whom she married in 1942, believing that her first husband was dead. The rest of her family had been transported to
818:
434:
365:
189:
553:
906:
285:
and spent the rest of their lives in the United
Kingdom. Wlodzimierz Brus became a professor of economics at the
252:
391:
and
Birkenau", claiming that she would not receive a fair trial in Poland. Nearly a decade later, an article in
891:
321:
biased investigations and had also staged questionable trials that frequently resulted in executions. She told
911:
213:
743:
383:
in 1998, said she would not return to that "despicable country", she claimed her accusers were motivated by
289:
and died in 2007. Wolińska-Brus lived in Oxford until her death, having previously acquired UK citizenship.
124:
926:
388:
282:
237:
519:
901:
407:
399:
155:
822:
581:
438:
233:
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committed in Poland between 1939 and 1989. Wolińska-Brus was accused of being an "accessory to a
136:
871:
866:
836:
524:
310:
286:
184:
sought the extradition of Wolińska-Brus from the United
Kingdom on three occasions between
271:
8:
711:
442:
353:
342:
90:
387:. Her acquaintances told Applebaum she had said she would not return to "the country of
338:
221:
139:
776:
611:
762:
632:
427:
267:
423:
154:
28 February 1919 – 26 November 2008) was a military prosecutor in postwar communist
403:
275:
748:
643:
369:
350:
298:
201:
798:
554:"Helena Wolinska-Brus: 1919–2008. Controversial communist prosecutor dies in UK"
402:, Polish Foreign Affairs Minister (1995, 2000–2001), soldier of the underground
159:
515:
459:
454:
419:
380:
256:
229:
263:
860:
430:
decoration that she was awarded by the Polish communist authorities in 1954.
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101:
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357:
333:
170:
of the 1950s. She has been implicated in the arrest and execution of many
561:
373:
167:
29:
617:
314:
248:
175:
163:
412:
349:. While their names are written in Latin characters, on top are the
636:
360:, standing for "Here is buried..." - traditional in Jewish burials.
306:
487:. Institute of National Remembrance. 1 August 2001. Archived from
346:
217:
181:
78:
59:
398:
Accusations of anti-semitism were rebutted by, among others,
281:
Wolińska-Brus and her husband left Poland in 1971, after the
174:
fighters, including significant figures in Poland's wartime
582:"Widow, 88, faces arrest warrant over death of Polish hero"
827:– a brief review of the case brought against Wolińska-Brus
379:
Wolińska-Brus, in a telephone conversation with historian
255:. She was dismissed from her job as prosecutor during the
188:. The official charges against her were initiated by the
759:
Sąsiedzi. Najbardziej okrutni oprawcy polskich patriotów
278:. The couple were both expelled from the party in 1968.
297:
Wolińska-Brus was accused of being an "accessory to a
685:"Postanowienia Prezydenta RP o pozbawieniu odznaczeń"
445:, Oxford, with only a few family members attending.
742:Hundley, Tom; Manetti, Christina (8 January 2008).
610:
858:
612:"Widow faces extradition over death of war hero"
485:"Investigation against Ms. Helena Wolińska-Brus"
791:"Ex-Stalinist Accused: Casting the First Stone"
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
741:
671:"Bartoszewski: Wolińska to nie kozioł ofiarny"
832:"Polish enemies fight over Gen Emil Fieldorf"
657:"Polish enemies fight over Gen Emil Fieldorf"
575:
573:
571:
547:
545:
543:
495:
691:(in Polish). 18 August 2006. Archived from
781:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
568:
232:and became the mistress of its commander,
540:
514:
332:
313:, a commander of the underground Polish
756:
604:
602:
328:
937:20th-century Polish military personnel
922:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
859:
537:(as reproduced on Applebaum's website)
699:
654:
608:
579:
551:
158:with the rank of lieutenant-colonel (
897:Polish United Workers' Party members
648:
599:
465:Ministry of Public Security (Poland)
437:asked Polish prosecutors to issue a
811:East European Constitutional Review
36:in the Polish People's Army uniform
13:
840:. 25 November 2007. Archived from
735:
715:. 21 November 2007. Archived from
677:
609:Yeebo, Yepoka (21 November 2007).
580:Booth, Robert (21 November 2007).
477:
292:
14:
953:
819:New York University School of Law
435:Institute of National Remembrance
366:Institute of National Remembrance
190:Institute of National Remembrance
744:"From Holocaust to hunted at 88"
659:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
655:Craig, Olga (25 November 2007).
552:Hodge, Nick (31 December 2008).
520:"The Three Lives of Helena Brus"
247:(1945–1949) and a member of the
28:
932:Burials at Wolvercote Cemetery
917:Polish People's Army personnel
807:"Constitutional Watch: Poland"
673:(in Polish). 24 November 2007.
663:
637:Raport – full text (in Polish)
625:
413:the Polish Council to Aid Jews
172:Polish World War II resistance
1:
470:
633:(Komisja Mazura – in Polish)
341:and Helena Wolińska-Brus in
301:", which is classified as a
283:1968 Polish political crisis
253:Polish United Workers' Party
212:Wolińska-Brus was born to a
207:
7:
942:20th-century Polish lawyers
448:
418:In 2004, Poland joined the
408:Righteous Among the Nations
251:of the governing communist
228:. She joined the communist
10:
958:
877:21st-century Polish people
220:, where she later married
192:, which investigates both
887:21st-century Polish women
882:20th-century Polish women
132:
116:
108:
97:
86:
67:
41:
27:
20:
757:Zaorska, Aldona (2012).
406:, Auschwitz survivor, a
642:27 October 2012 at the
439:European Arrest Warrant
245:Stalinist Secret Police
120:State Security Services
907:Gwardia Ludowa members
821:. 1999. Archived from
400:Władysław Bartoszewski
361:
152:Fajga Mindla Danielak;
892:Warsaw Ghetto inmates
695:on 28 September 2007.
336:
182:Post-communist Poland
125:Służba Bezpieczeństwa
46:Fajga Mindla Danielak
912:Armia Ludowa members
837:The Sunday Telegraph
525:The Sunday Telegraph
329:Extradition requests
311:Emil August Fieldorf
287:University of Oxford
148:Helena Wolińska-Brus
22:Helena Wolińska-Brus
927:Lawyers from Warsaw
844:on 24 November 2007
825:on 4 February 2012.
801:on 15 October 2015.
719:on 22 November 2007
712:The Daily Telegraph
518:(6 December 1998).
443:Wolvercote Cemetery
343:Wolvercote Cemetery
91:Wolvercote Cemetery
902:Polish prosecutors
362:
234:Franciszek Jóźwiak
137:Franciszek Jóźwiak
768:978-83-932704-4-6
428:Polonia Restituta
426:also revoked the
351:Hebrew characters
272:Leszek Kołakowski
268:Karol Modzelewski
145:
144:
949:
853:
851:
849:
826:
802:
797:. Archived from
795:The Warsaw Voice
786:
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772:
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597:
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565:
564:on 13 July 2011.
560:. Archived from
549:
538:
536:
534:
532:
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493:
492:
491:on 2 April 2015.
481:
404:Polish Home Army
339:Włodzimierz Brus
276:Krzysztof Pomian
222:Włodzimierz Brus
198:Communist crimes
187:
140:Włodzimierz Brus
74:
71:26 November 2008
56:28 February 1919
55:
53:
34:Helena Wolińska
32:
18:
17:
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749:Chicago Tribune
738:
736:Further reading
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644:Wayback Machine
630:
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607:
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541:
530:
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516:Applebaum, Anne
513:
496:
483:
482:
478:
473:
451:
331:
305:and a crime of
303:Stalinist crime
299:judicial murder
295:
293:Judicial murder
210:
202:judicial murder
185:
162:), involved in
121:
82:
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460:Maria Gurowska
457:
455:Stefan Michnik
450:
447:
424:Lech Kaczyński
420:European Union
381:Anne Applebaum
330:
327:
294:
291:
257:Polish October
230:People's Guard
209:
206:
143:
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134:
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118:
117:Known for
114:
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99:
95:
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84:
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77:
75:(aged 89)
69:
65:
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45:
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25:
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486:
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444:
440:
436:
433:In 2007, the
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
385:anti-semitism
382:
377:
375:
371:
370:Emil Fieldorf
367:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
326:
324:
318:
316:
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308:
304:
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246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:Warsaw Ghetto
223:
219:
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205:
203:
199:
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186:1999 and 2008
183:
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138:
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127:
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96:
92:
89:
87:Resting place
85:
80:
70:
66:
61:
44:
40:
31:
26:
19:
16:
846:. Retrieved
842:the original
835:
823:the original
814:
810:
799:the original
794:
761:. Warszawa.
758:
747:
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
710:
701:
693:the original
688:
679:
665:
650:
627:
616:
589:. Retrieved
586:The Guardian
585:
562:the original
557:
529:. Retrieved
523:
489:the original
479:
432:
417:
397:
393:The Guardian
392:
378:
363:
323:The Guardian
322:
319:
296:
280:
261:
242:
211:
180:
160:podpułkownik
151:
147:
146:
123:
73:(2008-11-26)
15:
872:2008 deaths
867:1919 births
848:25 November
723:22 November
558:Kraków Post
374:Home Office
264:Jacek Kuroń
168:show trials
98:Citizenship
861:Categories
471:References
216:family in
112:Prosecutor
109:Occupation
52:1919-02-28
777:cite book
618:The Times
389:Auschwitz
337:Grave of
315:Home Army
259:of 1956.
249:Politburo
238:Treblinka
208:Biography
176:Home Army
164:Stalinist
104:, British
81:, England
640:Archived
449:See also
307:genocide
93:, Oxford
62:, Poland
817:(1–2).
591:2 March
531:2 March
166:regime
765:
347:Oxford
218:Warsaw
214:Jewish
156:Poland
150:(born
133:Spouse
102:Polish
79:Oxford
60:Warsaw
850:2007
783:link
763:ISBN
725:2007
593:2020
533:2020
356:and
274:and
196:and
194:Nazi
68:Died
42:Born
707:"'"
689:PiS
358:Nun
204:".
863::
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775:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
