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of 1863-65, and the family lived in straitened circumstances. After her father was dismissed by the
Russian authorities for his nationalist sentiment, the Skłodowskis had to take in boarders to supplement their income. After Marie was born in 1867, their mother retired from running a girls' boarding
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By 1913, she was a headmistress of a school run on behalf of the employees of the Warsaw trams. She established and operated several primary schools in the 1920s and 1930s, concentrating on systematic learning and preparing the students for secondary gymnasiums. Thereafter, she became a schools
207:
That same year, the Second
Congress of Educators of the Kingdom of Poland was held. Polish-language education was only occurring in the Austro-Hungarian part of the country, while the rest had enforced Russian-medium education. The question of women's secondary and post-secondary education was
421:
169:, whose goal was to educate young workers and raise funds for political support. Through her contacts in the wealthy community whose children she minded, she was also involved in amateur drama, and even considered becoming a professional actor herself.
232:
Helena, along with her siblings Bronisława and Josef, had collected papers, letters and other archival material in connection with their sister Marie, and stored them at the Radium
Institute in Warsaw. Most of these were lost during the
121:— 6 February 1961) was a Polish educator, inspector of Warsaw schools, educational activist, and a member of the women's election committee of the Nation-State Union political party. She is known for her memoirs of her sister,
195:
family, who moved to Kraków in 1893, wrote to the
Faculty of Philosophy at the Jagiellonian University, asking if she could attend lectures in anorganic chemistry and experimental physics. The request was denied in 1894.
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In 1891, Bronisława got married in Paris. Among the attendees at the civil ceremony was
Stanislas Szalay, a chemist, who would later become Helena's husband. By 1894, Marie had graduated from the
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raised. Helena, along with
Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit, Stefania Sempołowska, and others, presented her views. The committee's views were adopted in the final resolutions of the congress.
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Stanislas Szalay, who had been suffering from mental illness for years, died in
January 1920. Helena's daughter, Hanna, suffered from depression and died at the age of forty-one.
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Helena was born 20 April 1866 in Warsaw to Władysław Skłodowski and Bronisława Skłodowska, both of whom were teachers. She had three sisters — Zofia,
141:, and a brother, Józef. Her parents were Polish nationalists, impoverished by their investments towards independence from Russia, especially the
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As tertiary education became restricted under
Russian rule, especially for women, Helena and her sisters had to attend the
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225:, Helena continued to teach for several more years till past the age of 80. In her old age, her granddaughter
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high school. She was socially active, and in her youth, she belonged to the underground organization '
422:"Zjazdy międzyzaborowe polskich środowisk naukowych i społeczno-zawodowych w latach 1869-1914. Cz. 2"
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In 1896, Helena married
Stanislas Szalay. Their daughter Hanna was born the following year.
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8:
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Les Sœurs savantes. Marie Curie et Bronia Dluska, deux destins qui ont fait l'histoire
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and was considering a return to Poland; she was interested in joining the
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600:"Marie Sklodowska-Curie: a brilliant child and a talented teacher"
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Maria Skłodowska-Curie i jej kontakty ze środowiskiem krakowskim
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191:. Anticipating this, Helena, who was a private tutor for the
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school in Warsaw. In 1875, her oldest sister Zofia died of
571:(13): 16–17. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009
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Korespondencja Polska Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 1881-1934
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contracted from a lodger, and their mother succumbed to
479:"Marie Curie – Polish Girlhood (1867–1891) Part 1"
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Polish educator, activist, and politician (1866–1961)
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244:Helena Skłodowska-Szalay died on 6 February 1961.
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203:Helena Sklodowska-Szalay and students, April 1935
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497:
470:"O Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie na Jej 151 urodziny"
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241:, her memoir of her scientist sister, in 1958.
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550:"Ze wspomnień o Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie"
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557:Wierzewski, Wojciech A. (21 June 2008).
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528:Ze Wspomnień o Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie
239:Ze Wspomnień o Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie
104:Ze Wspomnień o Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie
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530:(in Polish). Warsaw: Nasza Księgarnia.
472:(in Polish). Nie dla chaosu w szkole.
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419:
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331:
604:ARBOR Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura
537:"Helena Szalayowa z domu Skłodowska"
485:from the original on 2 November 2011
468:Niczanka, Monika (8 November 2018).
429:Kwartalnik Historii Nauki I Techniki
680:20th-century Polish women educators
670:19th-century Polish women educators
548:Wajs-Baryła, Ewelina (2 May 2019).
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561:[Maria's Mazowsze Roots].
526:Skłodowska-Szalay, Helena (1958).
444:(in French). La Librarie Vuibert.
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535:Uziembło, Aniela (23 July 2012).
498:Rafalska-Łasocha, Alicja (2015).
481:. American Institute of Physics.
229:lived with and looked after her.
598:Zborowski, Krzysztof K. (2011).
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655:People from Warsaw Governorate
517:Twardowski, Kazimierz (1913).
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675:20th-century Polish educators
665:19th-century Polish educators
617:10.3989/arbor.2011.extran1111
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35:Skłodowska-Szalay before 1914
559:"Mazowieckie korzenie Marii"
459:Kabzińska, Krystyna (1994).
237:. Helena managed to publish
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660:People from Congress Poland
552:. Piękniejsza Strona Nauki.
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645:Schoolteachers from Warsaw
167:Kolo Kobiet Korony i Litwy
589:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
477:Pasachoff, Naomi (2000).
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28:
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420:Cabaj, Jarosław (2005).
111:Helena Skłodowska-Szalay
23:Helena Skłodowska-Szalay
440:Henry, Natacha (2005).
185:Jagiellonian University
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404:Skłodowska-Szalay 1958
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344:Rafalska-Łasocha 2015
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227:Elżbieta Staniszkis
650:Polish governesses
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519:Ruch filozoficzny
509:978-83-7676-222-7
174:Flying University
117:; 20 April 1866,
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45:Helena Skłodowska
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521:. Vol. 3–4.
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223:Second World War
159:Jadwiga Sikorska
157:Helena attended
143:January Uprising
115:Helena Szalayowa
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573:. Retrieved
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487:. Retrieved
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152:tuberculosis
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100:Notable work
72:(1961-02-06)
640:1961 deaths
635:1866 births
215:inspector.
123:Marie Curie
83:Nationality
629:Categories
502:(Thesis).
489:7 November
356:Cabaj 2005
332:Henry 2005
248:References
221:After the
163:Hoffmanowa
135:Bronisława
91:Occupation
51:1866-04-20
610:: 11–17.
575:23 August
154:in 1878.
541:Wyborcza
483:Archived
181:Sorbonne
94:Educator
61:, Poland
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448:
193:Bujwid
189:Kraków
148:typhus
137:, and
119:Warsaw
86:Polish
59:Warsaw
425:(PDF)
139:Marie
591:link
577:2015
504:ISBN
491:2011
446:ISBN
435:(1).
129:Life
67:Died
41:Born
612:doi
608:187
569:100
187:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
