11591:
11639:
11373:
11306:
11197:
11524:
11415:
11239:
11348:
11566:
11440:
11264:
11029:
10903:
10861:
10777:
11748:
11706:
11482:
11632:
11664:
11790:
11155:
11113:
11071:
10987:
10819:
10945:
11408:
11341:
11232:
98:
11559:
11450:
10871:
11601:
11274:
11039:
10913:
10787:
11584:
11433:
11758:
11716:
11492:
11207:
11081:
10829:
11257:
11022:
10896:
10854:
11800:
11674:
11534:
11383:
11316:
11165:
11123:
10997:
10955:
11741:
11699:
11475:
10770:
11783:
11657:
11366:
11299:
11190:
11106:
11064:
10980:
10812:
11148:
11517:
10938:
16364:
1213:
9967:
11945:
1198:
17556:
59:
9874:
9823:
9785:
9747:
9691:
9653:
10260:
10227:
10194:
10146:
380:
16080:
11614:
11608:
11457:
10920:
11281:
11046:
10794:
11765:
11723:
11681:
11499:
11214:
11130:
11088:
10836:
11807:
11541:
11390:
11323:
11172:
11004:
10962:
10878:
11909:
Following the adoption of Greek
Hellenistic alphabetic numeration practice, Hebrew letters started being used to denote numbers in the late 2nd century BC, and performed this arithmetic function for about a thousand years. Nowadays alphanumeric notation is used only in specific contexts, e.g.
15801:
transliterated. To the eye of readers orientating themselves on Latin (or similar) alphabets, these letters might seem to be transliterated as vowel letters; however, these are in fact transliterations of the vowel diacritics – niqqud (or are representations of the spoken vowels). E.g., in
15894:
Hebrew – never to spell Hebrew words; therefore they were not included in this table (correctly translating a Hebrew text with these letters would require using the spelling in the language from which the transliteration to Hebrew was originally made). The non-standard
16862:
Shachmon, Ori, and Merav Mack. "Speaking Arabic, Writing Hebrew. Linguistic
Transitions in Christian Arab Communities in Israel". Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes, vol. 106, 2016, pp. 223–239. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26449346. Accessed 15 July
16127:
Why does the story of creation begin with bet?... In the same manner that the letter bet is closed on all sides and only open in front, similarly you are not permitted to inquire into what is before or what was behind, but only from the actual time of
16049:, for example, records that "the Israelites took for themselves square calligraphy", and that the letters "came with the Israelites from Ashur "); others attribute mystical significance to the letters, connecting them with the process of creation or
1356:, Judaeo-Spanish, and Yiddish. The Hebrew alphabet continued in use for scholarly writing in Hebrew and came again into everyday use with the rebirth of the Hebrew language as a spoken language in the 18th and 19th centuries, especially in
15848: is omitted from the transliteration, and only the subsequent vowels are transliterated (whether or not their corresponding vowel diacritics appeared in the text being transliterated), resulting in "im", "em" and "om", respectively.
1170:, a modified version of the Hebrew alphabet used to write Yiddish, is a true alphabet, with all vowels rendered in the spelling, except in the case of inherited Hebrew words, which typically retain their Hebrew consonant-only spellings.
5095:⟩, are often found in slang and loanwords that are part of the everyday Hebrew colloquial vocabulary. The symbol resembling an apostrophe after the Hebrew letter modifies the pronunciation of the letter and is called a
30:
This article is about the alphabet derived from the
Aramaic alphabet (CE 135 – present). For the original Hebrew alphabet derived directly from the Phoenician alphabet (10th century BCE – CE 135), see
10669:
The following table displays typographic and chirographic variants of each letter. For the five letters that have a different final form used at the end of words, the final forms are displayed beneath the regular form.
10094:) underneath the letter, the vowel is made very short. When sh'va is placed on the first letter of the word, mostly it is "è" (but in some instances, it makes the first letter silent without a vowel (vowel-less): e.g.
16053:. In mystical conceptions, the alphabet is considered eternal, pre-existent to the Earth, and the letters themselves are seen as having holiness and power, sometimes to such an extent that several stories from the
1769:: the letter is combined with a previous vowel and becomes silent, or by imitation of such cases in the spelling of other forms. Also, a system of vowel points to indicate vowels (diacritics), called
10673:
The block (square, or "print" type) and cursive ("handwritten" type) are the only variants in widespread contemporary use. Rashi is also used, for historical reasons, in a handful of standard texts.
15840:), whereas the vowels /i/, /e/ and /o/ respectively represent the spoken vowel, whether it is orthographically denoted by diacritics or not. Since the Academy of the Hebrew Language ascertains that
1853:, used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted in synagogue recitations of scripture (although these marks do not appear in the scrolls). In everyday writing of modern Hebrew,
16106:. Another example of messianic significance attached to the letters is the teaching of Rabbi Eliezer that the five letters of the alphabet with final forms hold the "secret of redemption".
9603:
are often omitted in writing, except for children's books, prayer books, poetry, foreign words, and words which would be ambiguous to pronounce. Israeli Hebrew has five vowel phonemes,
4507:), but these were lost among most Jews due to these sounds not existing in the countries where they lived (such as in nearly all of Eastern Europe). Yiddish modified /θ/ to /s/ (cf.
16742:/v/ at a non-initial and non-final position in the word, whereas a single vav at a non-initial and non-final position in the word in spelling without niqqud denotes one of the
16241:
16274:
9370: are considered to constitute part of the vowel designation in combination with a niqqud symbol – a vowel diacritic (whether or not the diacritic is marked), whereas
16214:
17767:
16308:
16184:
16335:
11884:
are indicated by a small line on top of the letter. Its use has been largely discontinued in modern printed texts. It is still used to mark fricative consonants in the
16853:
Gaash, Amir. "Colloquial Arabic written in Hebrew characters on
Israeli websites by Druzes (and other non-Jews)." Jerusalem studies in Arabic and Islam 43 (2016): 15.
16041:
The letters of the Hebrew alphabet have played varied roles in Jewish religious literature over the centuries, primarily in mystical texts. Some sources in classical
2346:
version (4QLam/4Q111), reversed ordering also appears in the first chapter (i.e. in all the first four chapters). The fact that these chapters follows the pre-exilic
1831:, and his family for several generations, are credited for refining and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as
17477:
16102:
box, is missing from the current alphabet. The world's flaws, the book teaches, are related to the absence of this letter, the eventual revelation of which will
1325:, who remained in the Land of Israel, continued to use the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. During the 3rd century BCE, Jews began to use a stylized, "square" form of the
16734:
be indistinguishably represented in Hebrew using the letter vav. Sometimes the vav is indeed doubled, however not to denote as opposed to but rather, when
16072:, largely through exposition on the powers of the letters of the alphabet. The supposed creative powers of the letters are also referenced in the Talmud and
1865:
or "triliterals") allow Hebrew speakers to determine the vowel-structure of a given word from its consonants based on the word's context and part of speech.
17382:
17282:
16958:
16914:
Naveh, Joseph (1987), "Proto-Canaanite, Archaic Greek, and the Script of the
Aramaic Text on the Tell Fakhariyah Statue", in Miller; et al. (eds.),
366:
16566:(final) position, with few exceptions. In medial positions, both pronunciations are possible. In Modern Hebrew this restriction is not absolute, e.g.
16117:
qualities and depicted as speaking to God. Commonly their shapes are used in parables to illustrate points of ethics or theology. An example from the
22455:
19108:
18592:
4741:), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called
19538:
19528:
19103:
16519:
generally (as six of the primary letters can have only two variants) have four forms, according to their place in the word. The same goes with the
4659:
19518:
19508:
19098:
19093:
19088:
18558:
16801:. "Square Hebrew became established in the 2nd and 1st centuries bce and developed into the modern Hebrew alphabet over the next 1,500 years."
21234:
19523:
1173:
The Arabic and Hebrew alphabets have similarities because they are both derived from the
Aramaic alphabet, which in turn derives either from
5730:
consisting of a single Hebrew letter or of multiple Hebrew letters, respectively. Geresh is also the name of a cantillation mark used for
18667:
5301:
The pronunciation of the following letters can also be modified with the geresh diacritic. The represented sounds are however foreign to
16976:
16811:
Abu Elhija, Dua'a (23 January 2014). "A new writing system? Developing orthographies for writing Arabic dialects in electronic media".
6267:
when preceded by a vowel (commonly indicated with a macron, ḇ ḡ ḏ ḵ p̄ ṯ). The plosive and double pronunciations were indicated by the
2374:
6271:. In Modern Hebrew the sounds ḏ and ḡ have reverted to and , respectively, and ṯ has become , so only the remaining three consonants
1909:
standard). Although Hebrew is read and written from right to left, the following table shows the letters in order from left to right:
21266:
17799:
15688:
14413:
8905:
8872:
8853:
10627:
and is a punctuation mark used in the Hebrew language to denote acronyms. It is written before the last letter in the acronym, e.g.
22856:
18513:
16354:
1693:
16045:
seem to acknowledge the historical provenance of the currently used Hebrew alphabet and deal with them as a mundane subject (the
2352:
order is evidence for them being written shortly after the events described, rather than being later, post-exilic compositions.
22876:
17764:
20456:
16930:
5305:, i.e., these symbols mainly represent sounds in foreign words or names when transliterated with the Hebrew alphabet, and not
1815:
To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of vocalization and diacritical symbols called
22448:
22336:
18585:
17691:
17408:
17167:
17029:
16940:
11841:. They are not used in Hebrew, aside from in loan words. They are possible to visually recreate using a sequence of letters,
1082:
styles. In the remainder of this article, the term "Hebrew alphabet" refers to the square script unless otherwise indicated.
20905:
9095:
6450:
6436:
4511:
in
Spanish), but in modern Israeli Hebrew, it is simply pronounced /t/. Likewise, historical /ð/ is simply pronounced /d/.
11838:
5549: is indeed a native sound in Hebrew; the geresh is however used only when transliteration must distinguish between
20342:
18654:
16753:
16729:
15906:
8044:
8033:
8022:
8011:
8000:
7985:
7274:
7263:
7252:
7241:
5273:
5086:
3447:
397:
18878:
22803:
17837:
16475:
16405:
is included for HTML. These can be used in many markup languages, and they are often used in Wiki to create the Hebrew
1341:. After the fall of the Persian Empire in 330 BCE, Jews used both scripts before settling on the square Assyrian form.
1051:
Historically, two separate abjad scripts have been used to write Hebrew. The original, old Hebrew script, known as the
17484:
6202:
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of
Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants
22866:
22104:
22090:
22060:
21199:
17661:
17587:
17303:
22441:
22322:
21039:
20436:
18578:
17639:
17562:
16098:, holds that a single letter of unknown pronunciation, held by some to be the four-pronged shin on one side of the
15930:
15713:
15603:
14461:
14275:
9000:
8989:
8978:
8967:
8956:
8945:
8934:
6182:
5222:
5050:
4273:
802:
22798:
18883:
6492:. It is used for loanwords with non-native Hebrew sounds. The dot in the middle of some of the letters, called a "
208:
22871:
20762:
20023:
17379:
16955:
16688:
15950:) is often transcribed "ch", inconsistently with the guidelines specified by the Academy of the Hebrew Language:
14633:
14618:
12542:
12522:
12411:
12397:
8575:
8564:
8553:
8542:
8531:
4006:
3894:
666:
348:
22886:
22329:
20895:
20534:
18469:
18464:
17832:
15117:
13392:
12426:
12382:
10664:
10005:
in Modern Hebrew. This is not correct in the normative pronunciation and not consistent in the spoken language.
7535:
7524:
7513:
7502:
5572:
5560:
1239:
1078:") of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, including a variety of
808:
2414:
1906:
21004:
20529:
19587:
17792:
15922:
15914:
15054:
14842:
13297:
12912:
6887:
5569: transliterates the former and ח the latter, whereas in everyday usage ח without geresh is pronounced
5183:
5144:
5066:
5058:
648:
17:
19866:
16139:
Extensive instructions about the proper methods of forming the letters are found in
Mishnat Soferim, within
16068:, a mystical text of uncertain origin which describes a story of creation highly divergent from that in the
22315:
22294:
19582:
19357:
18873:
18649:
18474:
17142:
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and
Geographical Studies / ארץ-ישראל: מחקרים בידיעת הארץ ועתיקותיה
16721:
16338:
15575:
14223:
10354:
10234:
9835:
9797:
9219:
9084:
9073:
9062:
9051:
9040:
9029:
8648:
8637:
8626:
8597:
8586:
8348:
8329:
8318:
8307:
8296:
8285:
8274:
8263:
7230:
7215:
6810:
6780:
6123:
6063:
5897:
4330:
4062:
3686:
2938:
2622:
2274:
486:
16659:
16651:
16643:
16623:
16615:
16607:
16589:
16585:
16576:
16572:
16027:
16015:
16003:
15965:
15956:
15253:
15238:
14468:
14282:
14230:
14098:
14072:
14001:
13731:
13628:
13613:
13607:
13602:
13493:
13366:
13304:
12919:
12683:
9604:
9549:
9505:
9501:
9474:
9470:
9443:
9359:
8381:
6453:
6439:
6412:
6384:
6363:
6348:
6336:
6321:
6317:
6272:
6203:
4662:
4630:
4600:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4019:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2853:
2848:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2746:
2741:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
362:
358:
22195:
22174:
20854:
20849:
20544:
20446:
18968:
18659:
18544:
17989:
16991:
16402:
15510:
15453:
14091:
13994:
12357:
10502:
9720:
eh (precise pronunciation); ei (imprecise due to modern pronunciation, even if with succeeding yod – see
9665:
8826:
8399:
8388:
7766:
7755:
7744:
7733:
7186:
3754:
2877:
1298:
18248:
1893:, meaning in this context "final" or "ending") form, used only at the end of a word, somewhat as in the
22262:
20859:
20426:
19839:
18900:
16672:
16384:
16219:
15984:
15941:
15314:
15305:
15168:
15100:
15091:
13738:
13724:
13486:
13373:
13359:
12393:
standard it has set. When omitted, no such precise alternative exists and the regular standard applies.
12328:") to a letter multiplies its value by one thousand, for example, the year 5778 is portrayed as
9263:
9252:
9241:
9230:
9146:
9135:
9124:
8502:
8491:
8480:
8469:
8458:
8447:
8436:
7703:
7692:
7681:
7670:
7659:
7648:
7637:
7579:
7568:
5981:
5943:
5580:
5552:
5540:
5492:
5438:
4496:
4447:
4382:
3950:
3833:
3395:
3283:
3165:
3108:
19592:
18910:
17758:
16252:
9358:
are letters that can sometimes indicate a vowel instead of a consonant (which would be, respectively,
1028:. In modern Hebrew, vowels are increasingly introduced. It is also used informally in Israel to write
971:
20512:
20234:
19787:
19374:
17256:
16751:
16727:
16719:
16686:
16670:
15982:
15939:
15928:
15920:
15912:
15904:
15829:
15711:
15686:
15676:
15659:
15649:
15601:
15573:
15508:
15489:
15451:
15434:
15312:
15303:
15295:
15293:
15245:
15243:
15230:
15228:
15166:
15115:
15098:
15089:
15081:
15079:
15052:
15007:
14997:
14840:
14713:
14675:
14459:
14411:
14401:
14379:
14369:
14273:
14221:
14089:
14063:
13992:
13973:
13736:
13722:
13714:
13712:
13620:
13618:
13594:
13592:
13484:
13390:
13371:
13357:
13349:
13347:
13295:
13210:
13200:
12910:
12674:
12608:
11949:
10500:
10465:
10430:
10393:
10391:
10352:
10306:
10265:
10232:
10201:
10199:
10153:
10151:
10122:
9939:
9884:
9841:
9833:
9795:
9759:
9757:
9703:
9701:
9663:
9629:
9261:
9250:
9239:
9228:
9217:
9188:
9177:
9166:
9155:
9144:
9133:
9122:
9093:
9082:
9071:
9060:
9049:
9038:
9027:
8998:
8987:
8976:
8965:
8954:
8943:
8932:
8903:
8892:
8881:
8870:
8862:
8851:
8843:
8832:
8824:
8791:
8780:
8769:
8758:
8748:
8738:
8727:
8716:
8705:
8687:
8646:
8635:
8624:
8595:
8584:
8573:
8562:
8551:
8540:
8529:
8500:
8489:
8478:
8467:
8456:
8445:
8434:
8397:
8386:
8346:
8327:
8316:
8305:
8294:
8283:
8272:
8261:
8232:
8221:
8210:
8199:
8188:
8177:
8166:
8137:
8126:
8115:
8104:
8093:
8082:
8071:
8042:
8031:
8020:
8009:
7998:
7983:
7956:
7954:
7945:
7943:
7934:
7932:
7923:
7921:
7912:
7910:
7901:
7899:
7866:
7855:
7844:
7833:
7822:
7811:
7800:
7764:
7753:
7742:
7731:
7701:
7690:
7679:
7668:
7657:
7646:
7635:
7577:
7566:
7533:
7522:
7511:
7500:
7491:
7489:
7458:
7456:
7447:
7445:
7436:
7434:
7425:
7423:
7414:
7412:
7399:
7397:
7349:
7301:
7272:
7261:
7250:
7239:
7228:
7213:
7184:
7131:
7120:
7109:
7098:
7065:
7054:
7043:
7032:
7013:
6984:
6973:
6962:
6951:
6918:
6907:
6896:
6885:
6874:
6859:
6832:
6830:
6821:
6819:
6808:
6799:
6797:
6778:
6749:
6738:
6727:
6716:
6705:
6694:
6683:
6645:
6180:
6121:
6061:
6022:
5979:
5941:
5895:
5844:
5833:
5802:
5618:
5578:
5570:
5558:
5550:
5538:
5490:
5436:
5353:
5326:
5271:
5220:
5181:
5142:
5118:
5084:
5064:
5056:
5048:
4573:
4445:
4380:
4328:
4271:
4220:
4159:
4060:
4004:
3948:
3892:
3831:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3684:
3593:
3502:
3445:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3333:
3281:
3224:
3163:
3106:
2995:
2993:
2936:
2875:
2833:
2768:
2676:
2620:
2559:
2493:
2485:
2366:
1828:
872:
22881:
22851:
22012:
21998:
21303:
19886:
19689:
18905:
18508:
18186:
17955:
17785:
10467:
9941:
9190:
9179:
9168:
9157:
8793:
8782:
8771:
8760:
7303:
6586:
6581:
1276:
1265:
1182:
21617:
19033:
17424:
16992:
Spelling in the Hebrew Bible: Dahood memorial lecture, By Francis I. Andersen, A. Dean Forbes, p56
16197:
12451:
with no dagesh, SBL uses the same symbols as for with dagesh (i.e. "b", "g", "d", "k", "f", "t").
11449:
97:
22301:
21329:
20286:
19963:
19942:
19822:
19802:
19634:
19305:
19209:
18686:
18644:
18601:
18551:
18530:
18493:
18381:
18181:
17963:
17930:
17846:
17123:
Tappy, Ron E., et al. "An Abecedary of the Mid-Tenth Century B.C.E. from the Judaean Shephelah."
17111:
16797:
16286:
16162:
15661:
14381:
11590:
10870:
8729:
8718:
8707:
7857:
7846:
7835:
7824:
7813:
7802:
7133:
7122:
7111:
7100:
7015:
6751:
6740:
6729:
6718:
6707:
6696:
6685:
6024:
5620:
5355:
5302:
5042:
4984:
4504:
4222:
4161:
3335:
3226:
2835:
2770:
2561:
2370:
1662:
410:
18403:
18280:
17915:
17598:
16313:
11600:
11273:
11038:
10912:
820:
21019:
19958:
19948:
19881:
19391:
18824:
18191:
17842:
17455:"Resources for New Testament Exegesis – Transliteration Standards of The SBL Handbook of Style"
15009:
14999:
13212:
13202:
12349:
10786:
10432:
10267:
9886:
9843:
9378: are considered to be mute, their role being purely indicative of the non-marked vowel.
7351:
6986:
6975:
6964:
6953:
4649:
2383:
The descriptions that follow are based on the pronunciation of modern standard Israeli Hebrew.
1657:
1353:
1021:
344:
18258:
17681:
11757:
11715:
11638:
11491:
11372:
11305:
11206:
11196:
11080:
1717:
1090:
22815:
22403:
22308:
22097:
22046:
21506:
21428:
21192:
21131:
21116:
20685:
20564:
20306:
20266:
19998:
19674:
18858:
18846:
18819:
18804:
18416:
18176:
18030:
17019:
16973:
16380:
16042:
15678:
14403:
11845:, except when a diacritic is inserted underneath that would not appear in the middle.
11523:
10828:
10744:
8894:
8864:
8845:
8750:
8689:
8179:
8168:
8139:
8128:
8117:
8106:
8095:
8084:
8073:
7067:
7056:
7045:
7034:
6259:. The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points. They were pronounced as
3595:
3504:
1824:
1280:
1269:
1059:. The present "Jewish script" or "square script", on the contrary, is a stylized form of the
1052:
945:
166:
32:
21111:
20316:
11799:
11673:
11533:
11382:
11315:
11164:
11122:
10996:
10954:
6542:
the "dagesh chazak" – orthographically indistinguishable from the "dagesh kal" – designates
1248:
dialects were largely indistinguishable before around 1000 BCE. An example of related early
22167:
21918:
21595:
21091:
20746:
20710:
20115:
20038:
19871:
19619:
19609:
19448:
19431:
18747:
18376:
18296:
18025:
12457:
Click "show" to view extended table including examples.
11414:
11347:
11238:
8740:
6920:
6909:
6898:
6876:
6861:
6311:
5812:
5750:
pronunciation is prevalent, many letters have the same pronunciation. They are as follows:
2678:
2323:
1249:
740:
421:
161:
91:
17021:
Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age
11565:
5693:
The guidelines specified by the Academy of the Hebrew Language prefer Resh with a geresh (
5662:
5644:
5629:
5501:
5447:
5384:
5364:
1812:), except for Hebrew words, which in Yiddish are written in their Hebrew spelling.
8:
22810:
22657:
22465:
20994:
20890:
20612:
20135:
18841:
18423:
18411:
18329:
18133:
17599:"Using the Pe–Ayin Order of the Abecedaries of Ancient Israel to Date the Book of Psalms"
16113:
portions of non-mystical rabbinic literature. In such aggada the letters are often given
15990:
15844: in initial position is not transliterated, the symbol for the glottal stop
15651:
14371:
12403:
transcription is specified whenever it uses a different symbol from the one used for the
12365:
11631:
10737:
9599:
is the system of dots that help determine vowels and consonants. In Hebrew, all forms of
8883:
8834:
8234:
8223:
8212:
8201:
8190:
7868:
6314:
4738:
3840:
2115:
1793:
1641:
1492:
1486:
1261:
1245:
1186:
1178:
1045:
753:
555:
505:
171:
19157:
12370:
The following table lists transliterations and transcriptions of Hebrew letters used in
11439:
10062:) underneath the letter and to the left of the vowel point, the vowel is made long. The
6206:
were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called
22861:
22153:
22130:
21764:
21653:
21643:
21535:
21478:
21464:
21421:
21126:
21009:
20844:
20736:
20695:
20649:
20644:
20539:
20521:
20189:
20120:
20085:
20033:
19846:
19834:
19245:
19167:
19068:
18623:
18497:
18438:
18433:
18311:
17626:
17297:
17003:
Pardee, Dennis. "A Brief Case for the Language of the 'Gezer Calendar' as Phoenician".
16836:
16444:
16394:
16144:
11263:
11028:
10902:
10860:
10162:
9300:
6333:
3762:
2487:
1840:
1839:
or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of
1636:
1338:
1284:
1056:
784:
694:
449:
236:
226:
131:
21386:
21044:
12300:
The numbers 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 are commonly represented by the juxtapositions
11747:
11705:
11481:
11407:
11340:
11231:
10776:
1337:), while the Samaritans continued to use a form of the paleo-Hebrew script called the
22276:
22269:
22005:
21991:
21903:
21792:
21702:
21681:
21660:
21588:
21520:
21379:
21337:
21289:
21024:
21014:
20659:
20654:
20559:
20554:
20461:
20416:
20239:
20219:
20209:
20199:
20194:
20130:
20125:
20053:
19988:
19973:
19923:
19918:
19861:
19797:
19755:
19597:
19483:
19406:
18922:
18917:
18794:
18489:
18386:
18319:
18284:
18233:
17687:
17657:
17630:
17618:
17583:
17404:
17163:
17025:
16936:
16840:
16828:
16735:
16705:
16469:
16434:
16376:
16118:
16050:
11869:
11789:
11663:
11558:
11154:
11112:
11070:
10986:
10818:
10632:
10024:
9291:
6432:
6367:
5734:
recitation, though its visual appearance and function are different in that context.
5377:
2378:
1874:
1786:
1631:
1318:
1041:
866:
734:
480:
17107:
17105:
10944:
1151:, which is when certain consonants are used to indicate vowels. There is a trend in
22825:
22410:
22348:
22241:
22202:
22188:
22146:
22021:
21967:
21948:
21882:
21874:
21860:
21853:
21778:
21574:
21549:
21485:
21457:
21372:
21358:
21275:
21248:
21185:
21096:
20999:
20821:
20664:
20291:
20271:
20261:
20256:
20140:
19896:
19829:
19817:
19782:
19777:
19760:
19699:
19664:
19624:
19426:
19421:
19369:
19320:
19204:
19138:
19078:
19028:
18973:
18890:
18868:
18853:
18799:
18789:
18723:
18537:
17942:
17905:
17872:
17709:
17610:
16820:
16792:
16550:, respectively, at the beginning of a word, while they will have the sole value of
16520:
16121:(a parable intended to discourage speculation about the universe before creation):
16046:
15972:
11583:
11432:
10751:
6576:
6546:, which today is realized only rarely – e.g. in biblical recitations or when using
6428:
6360:
6215:
5706:
is also used to denote an abbreviation consisting of a single Hebrew letter, while
5006:
2439:
2343:
1902:
1796:, vowels are indicated, using certain letters, either with niqqud diacritics (e.g.
1344:
The square Hebrew alphabet was later adapted and used for writing languages of the
1326:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1167:
1060:
1037:
1029:
1009:
885:
796:
770:
758:
728:
700:
686:
575:
567:
254:
203:
176:
143:
135:
40:
36:
22248:
21443:
21069:
20720:
20090:
17752:
16375:
Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF and from U+FB1D to U+FB4F. It includes
11256:
11021:
10895:
10853:
22830:
22234:
21926:
21867:
21813:
21806:
21785:
21771:
21755:
21733:
21688:
21581:
21556:
21528:
21513:
21436:
21414:
21407:
21365:
21325:
21296:
20984:
20954:
20777:
20700:
20466:
20396:
20301:
20249:
20229:
20165:
20155:
20145:
20110:
20075:
20070:
20065:
19978:
19933:
19928:
19812:
19807:
19654:
19644:
19498:
19463:
19458:
19438:
19332:
19290:
19230:
19113:
19083:
18993:
18953:
18895:
18829:
18809:
18740:
18728:
18484:
18448:
18354:
18290:
18268:
17947:
17937:
17910:
17884:
17879:
17867:
17822:
17808:
17771:
17670:
17577:
17386:
17102:
16980:
16962:
16824:
16516:
16449:
16358:
16187:
16114:
16095:
16069:
15971:
Although the Bible does include a single occurrence of a final pe with a dagesh (
12353:
11911:
11904:
11740:
11698:
11474:
10769:
10660:
10311:
10127:
10067:
9634:
9322:
6609:
6604:
6599:
5854:
5331:
5123:
5021:
4988:
4965:
4818:
4804:
4568:
2458:
2448:
2395:
1905:. These are shown below the normal form in the following table (letter names are
1898:
1886:
1764:
1688:
1667:
1615:
1558:
1349:
1345:
1257:
1147:
1102:
1033:
1005:
966:
860:
854:
848:
722:
706:
677:
458:
259:
244:
231:
119:
20431:
19614:
17083:
17081:
17079:
17077:
11782:
11656:
11365:
11298:
11189:
11147:
11105:
11063:
10979:
10811:
1159:
to indicate vowels that have traditionally gone unwritten, a practice known as "
935:
492:
22371:
22255:
22139:
22119:
22028:
21896:
21827:
21726:
21674:
21667:
21499:
21492:
21471:
21450:
21351:
21344:
21151:
21106:
21034:
21029:
20880:
20864:
20839:
20782:
20772:
20767:
20607:
20481:
20441:
20411:
20357:
20352:
20347:
20321:
20296:
20244:
20184:
20150:
20100:
20048:
20013:
19968:
19938:
19891:
19851:
19750:
19704:
19659:
19577:
19513:
19468:
19453:
19416:
19396:
19364:
19352:
19300:
19295:
19285:
19275:
19270:
19187:
19172:
19162:
19128:
19118:
19063:
19048:
19013:
18863:
18767:
18715:
18605:
18301:
18020:
18010:
17925:
17920:
17734:
17649:
17140:
A. Dotan. “The Alphabet Inscription of 'Izbet Ṣarṭah / כתובת הא"ב מעזבת צרטה.”
17088:
16439:
16429:
16342:
16246:
notation marks the ordered sequence of all distinct infinite cardinal numbers.
15821:
11873:
11516:
10937:
10723:
10652:
10253:
10220:
10115:
9622:
6571:
6443:
6288:
5727:
4969:
4781:, and does not affect the name of the letter. The differences are as follows:
2327:
1894:
1594:
1579:
1330:
1253:
1231:
1223:
1079:
1017:
790:
778:
712:
628:
602:
595:
471:
329:
322:
22433:
20581:
17162:(in German). Darmstadt: WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft). p. 62.
16892:
only in that the Books may be written in any language, while phylacteries and
15997:", even when in final word position, which occurs with loanwords (e.g.
4960:
In other dialects (mainly liturgical) there are variations from this pattern.
1317:, another offshoot of the same family of scripts, which flourished during the
1089:. Five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is
22845:
22701:
22378:
22227:
22160:
22083:
22053:
21911:
21889:
21820:
21716:
21695:
21542:
21400:
21318:
21311:
21282:
21241:
21156:
21146:
21141:
20928:
20622:
20281:
20224:
19876:
19649:
19533:
19488:
19443:
19411:
19260:
19177:
19150:
19123:
19053:
19038:
19023:
18978:
18735:
18153:
17889:
17622:
17614:
17437:
17074:
16832:
16663:
16191:
16140:
16084:
16061:
12371:
10187:
10071:
6518:
6473:
5825:
4540:. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a
4520:
4280:
2426:
2145:
1924:
1778:
1720:. It has 22 letters, five of which use different forms at the end of a word.
1522:
1160:
1152:
1025:
923:
814:
313:
127:
19197:
17761:– For typing Hebrew with an English keyboard (Hebrew keyboard|Hebrew layout)
17342:
22624:
22536:
22492:
21834:
21799:
21740:
21227:
20989:
20885:
20798:
20690:
20591:
20401:
20214:
20179:
20160:
20095:
19983:
19745:
19669:
19478:
19473:
19384:
19379:
19315:
19255:
19235:
19192:
19182:
19133:
19018:
18998:
18988:
18836:
18814:
18772:
18570:
18428:
18344:
18276:
18118:
18078:
18058:
18005:
17739:
16459:
16243:
15837:
15831:
15491:
15436:
14715:
14677:
14065:
13975:
12676:
12610:
10730:
10656:
10297:
9287:
6647:
5846:
5500:
5446:
3746:
3602:
2945:
2568:
2495:
2326:, whose first four chapters are ordered as alphabetical acrostics. In the
2092:
1956:
1858:
1748:
1584:
1468:
1462:
1402:
1378:
1227:
1218:
1174:
1126:
1098:
826:
620:
614:
561:
544:
20043:
17454:
17005:
Linguistic Studies in Phoenician, ed. Robert D. Holmstedt and Aaron Schade
16416:
layout, the Hebrew layout was derived from the order of letters on Hebrew
16186:, pronounced aleph-naught, aleph-zero, or aleph-null, is used to mark the
16060:
The idea of the letters' creative power finds its greatest vehicle in the
1873:
Unlike the Paleo-Hebrew writing script, the modern Hebrew script has five
1212:
634:
22525:
22417:
22181:
22112:
21393:
21084:
20944:
20705:
20549:
20406:
20311:
20080:
20008:
19993:
19901:
19694:
19604:
19503:
19493:
19347:
19310:
19265:
19250:
19225:
19145:
19073:
19058:
18762:
18503:
18349:
18073:
18015:
17729:
17328:
17050:
16666:
16454:
16398:
16363:
16276:
16103:
16091:
9966:
9304:
6263:
at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as
4998:
In Yemenite Hebrew, and in the Iraqi pronunciation of the word "Adonai",
2884:
2266:
2262:
1947:
1740:
1396:
1133:
1086:
1064:
984:
608:
393:
16956:
The Calendar Tablet from Gezer, Adam L Bean, Emmanual School of Religion
16932:
The Early History of God: Yahweh and the other deities in ancient Israel
21074:
21049:
20617:
20060:
19550:
19545:
19401:
19342:
18983:
18393:
17145:
17128:
16464:
16417:
16156:
12446:
11944:
10716:
6543:
6208:
5747:
4680:
1878:
1563:
1322:
913:
896:
642:
16758:, Hebrew readers must therefore rely on former knowledge and context.
6457:
5363:
22385:
22364:
22357:
21136:
20973:
20669:
20636:
20471:
20362:
19911:
19639:
19555:
19280:
18368:
18339:
16635:
16280:
15852:
14637:
12546:
12414:
11934:
10624:
10612:
6370:
6264:
5460:
5010:
1729:
1713:
1206:
1197:
1094:
581:
279:
264:
21079:
18538:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
16412:
Standard Hebrew keyboards have a 101-key layout. Like the standard
6521:(in some forms of Hebrew it modifies also the sounds of the letters
1773:, was developed. In modern forms of the alphabet, as in the case of
1105:, during its centuries-long use scribes devised means of indicating
1067:(lit. "Assyrian script"), since its origins were alleged to be from
21101:
21064:
21059:
20939:
20900:
20741:
20500:
20385:
20276:
20018:
19906:
19856:
19727:
19240:
19043:
19003:
18784:
18777:
18628:
18443:
18035:
17851:
16747:
16099:
12437:
transliteration system of the Academy of the Hebrew Language; for "
11938:
11927:
11877:
10528:
10090:
10083:
6564:
6550:
6481:
5804:
5306:
2270:
1610:
1589:
929:
902:
437:
354:
21121:
17777:
16904:(ed. Herbert Danby), Oxford University Press: London 1977, p. 202.
21208:
20715:
20586:
20476:
20451:
20337:
20174:
20028:
20003:
19772:
19679:
19327:
18941:
18752:
16881:
16743:
16739:
16627:
16626:; similarly (though today very rare in Hebrew and common only in
16599:
16372:
16110:
15671:
15503:
15446:
15110:
14622:
14396:
14084:
13987:
13385:
12526:
12400:
12361:
11931:
11889:
10684:
6477:
6424:
6260:
5715:
5193:
5154:
4734:
4537:
2435:
1774:
1672:
1334:
1068:
1013:
295:
249:
139:
123:
16523:, except for three of the 22 letters, which have only one form.
15785:
In transliterations of modern Israeli Hebrew, initial and final
5628:
22635:
22602:
22209:
19953:
19765:
19684:
19629:
19337:
19008:
18334:
18243:
18238:
18223:
18218:
18168:
18123:
18108:
17542:. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock. 1990
17483:. Academy of the Hebrew Language. November 2006. Archived from
16974:"Is it "Tenable"?", Hershel Shanks, Biblical Archaeology Review
16594:
16413:
16406:
16389:
16054:
15978:אַל-תּוֹסְףְּ עַל-דְּבָרָיו: פֶּן-יוֹכִיחַ בְּךָ וְנִכְזָבְתָּ.
15855:
12321:
11953:
10018:
10012:
9960:
9923:
9873:
9822:
9816:
9784:
9778:
9746:
9690:
9652:
9595:
6547:
6493:
6489:
5743:
5097:
5038:
4674:
3693:
3454:
2100:
1836:
1770:
1474:
1444:
1357:
1283:
by scholars, began to emerge around 800 BCE. An example is the
1202:
1111:
587:
533:
527:
379:
109:
58:
10259:
10226:
10193:
10145:
5697:); however, this guideline is not universally followed
1297:
The paleo-Hebrew alphabet was used in the ancient kingdoms of
1256:
over which scholars are divided as to whether its language is
35:. For the descendant script of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, see
22668:
22547:
22514:
22503:
22481:
20576:
20571:
20421:
20204:
20105:
19792:
18703:
18479:
18324:
18228:
18213:
18208:
18203:
18138:
18083:
18068:
18063:
18053:
16486:"Alef-bet" is commonly written in Israeli Hebrew without the
16073:
13932:
10708:
10636:
10058:
10051:
9905:
9867:
9740:
9684:
9646:
6842:
5731:
4508:
4491:
By analogy with the other dotted/dotless pairs, dotless tav,
4069:
3002:
2777:
2685:
2502:
2123:
2077:
1964:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1832:
1782:
1732:
1709:
1553:
1535:
1504:
1498:
1408:
1390:
1384:
1372:
1140:
1106:
1001:
840:
834:
70:
17038:
11914:, denoting grades of school in Israel, other listings (e.g.
6484:. The apostrophe-looking symbol after some letters is not a
6476:
of the Hebrew letters in reconstructed historical forms and
2336:
ordering, and the second, third and fourth chapters exhibit
2265:
indicate a slightly different ordering of the alphabet. The
1857:
are absent; however, patterns of how words are derived from
22690:
22679:
22646:
22591:
22580:
22569:
22558:
21054:
20949:
18253:
18198:
18148:
18143:
18128:
18103:
18098:
18093:
18088:
16631:
16079:
15947:
11885:
11858:
10139:
9713:
6485:
6248:
6242:
6230:
6224:
5032:
4229:
4168:
3769:
3233:
3172:
3115:
3058:
2137:
2130:
2107:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1756:
1516:
1510:
1480:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1310:
1189:(including Hebrew, Moabite, Phoenician, Punic, et cetera).
1119:
1093:. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad consisting only of
1075:
17062:
15594:
15045:
14833:
14261:
13283:
12898:
12439:
12286:
12273:
12258:
12245:
12230:
12217:
12202:
12189:
12174:
12161:
12146:
12133:
12120:
12105:
12092:
12079:
12064:
12051:
12038:
12023:
12010:
11997:
10041:) is used since it can only be represented by that letter.
9273:
9200:
9105:
9010:
8915:
8803:
8680:
8607:
8512:
8417:
8357:
8339:
8244:
8149:
8054:
7966:
7878:
7713:
7618:
7549:
7468:
7284:
7196:
7143:
7077:
6996:
6930:
6761:
6666:
6657:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6511:
6505:
6499:
4552:-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and the
1728:
In the traditional form, vowels are indicated by the weak
22712:
22710:
22699:
22688:
22677:
22666:
22655:
22644:
22633:
22622:
22613:
22611:
22600:
22589:
22578:
22567:
22556:
22545:
22534:
22523:
22512:
22501:
22490:
22479:
18158:
18113:
17673:
In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language.
17509:
Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesach 87b, Avodah Zarah 18a.
11613:
11607:
11456:
10919:
10877:
10028:
have different functions, even though they look the same.
6227:
4389:
3511:
2153:
2084:
1528:
1456:
1450:
17224:
16694:
15789: (in regular transliteration), silent or initial
12417:
transcription is specified whenever it differs from IPA
11280:
11045:
10793:
2277:
each contain a number of reverse letter orders; such as
17683:
A Catholic Introduction to the Bible: The Old Testament
17188:
16715: (also two vavs but together as one character).
11764:
11722:
11680:
11498:
11213:
11129:
11087:
10835:
6423:
by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of
6283:
may have also been a "doubled" letter, making the list
12343:
11806:
11540:
11389:
11322:
11171:
11003:
10961:
4658:, which in biblical-Judaic-Hebrew corresponded to the
4653:
1055:, has been largely preserved in a variant form as the
17125:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
17112:
Unicode names of Hebrew characters at fileformat.info
16677:
at the end of a word is denoted by the regular form "
16316:
16289:
16255:
16222:
16200:
16165:
9984:
The circle represents whatever Hebrew letter is used.
6245:
6239:
6218:
5822:
In initial, final, or sometimes medial word position:
1201:
Paleo-Hebrew alphabet containing 22 letters, period,
1085:
The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have
16718:
The Academy of the Hebrew Language states that both
16488:
15862:" – is used with some other letters as well (
6467:
6251:
6233:
6221:
2347:
2337:
2331:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2261:
As far back as the 13th century BCE, ancient Hebrew
1848:
1109:
sounds by separate vowel points, known in Hebrew as
977:
353:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
17176:
16057:illustrate the idea that they cannot be destroyed.
6236:
1708:In the traditional form, the Hebrew alphabet is an
16634:placed above the letter unambiguously denotes the
16329:
16302:
16268:
16235:
16208:
16178:
10600:in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
10581:in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
6431:, this phoneme is known to have originally been a
1116:In both biblical and rabbinic Hebrew, the letters
17375:
17373:
17371:
17369:
17367:
17365:
17363:
17361:
17359:
17212:
17200:
17017:
16109:In addition, the letters occasionally feature in
11956:, with Hebrew numerals in counterclockwise order.
9209:
9114:
9019:
8924:
8812:
8697:
8616:
8521:
8426:
8367:
8253:
8158:
8063:
7975:
7887:
7792:
7722:
7627:
7558:
7477:
7389:
7341:
7293:
7205:
7152:
7086:
7005:
6939:
6851:
6770:
6675:
6615:
5537:Unlike the other sounds in this table, the sound
4556:-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
4495:, would be expected to be pronounced /θ/ (
22843:
17401:Chapters in Phonetics and Phonetic Transcription
17380:Transliteration guidelines preceding 2006-update
1823:, literally "points"). One of these, the
1309:of the Kingdom of Judah in the 6th century BCE,
367:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
22463:
18559:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
17641:Pe before Ayin in Biblical Pre-Exilic Acrostics
17327:" is rare but exists, e.g. last word in
16888:1:8): "The Books differ from phylacteries and
16216:, the set of all integers. More generally, the
10302:(phonetically not manifested in Israeli Hebrew)
6197:
1181:, both being slight regional variations of the
17735:Official Unicode standards document for Hebrew
17700:
17356:
17068:
17056:
17044:
16772:Possibly rooted from Ancient Egyptian ḏ or dj.
16409:compatible with the majority of web browsers.
15828: always represents the same consonant:
6496:kal", also modifies the sounds of the letters
22449:
21193:
18586:
17793:
17535:
17533:
16935:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 20.
16526:In forms of Hebrew older than Modern Hebrew,
1789:with the weak letters acting as true vowels.
1785:may be indicated. Today, the trend is toward
1333:(and which in turn had been adopted from the
1063:and was technically known by Jewish sages as
18600:
17705:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
17679:
17343:
17332:
17319:
17317:
17315:
17313:
17230:
17011:
16695:table of transliterations and transcriptions
16598:may be inserted to unambiguously denote the
16580:
16567:
16507:
16501:
16495:
16022:
16010:
15998:
15976:
15960:
15951:
15815:
15809:
15803:
14527:
14485:
14435:
14343:
14301:
14249:
14197:
14157:
14117:
14027:
13924:
13877:
13837:
13797:
13757:
13688:
13648:
13568:
13519:
13462:
13415:
13323:
13271:
13231:
13174:
13134:
13092:
13043:
12998:
12938:
12886:
12831:
12791:
12751:
12707:
12638:
12578:
12444:
11921:
11915:
11898:
11863:
5686:
5680:
5672:
5654:
5529:
5520:
5472:
5402:
5394:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
17755:– Virtual & Interactive Hebrew Keyboard
17472:
17470:
17468:
17466:
17464:
16746:/u/ or /o/. To pronounce foreign words and
12443:" SBL uses "ṣ" (≠ AHL "ẓ"), and for
12429:transliteration system, recommended in its
5091:, non-standardly sometimes transliterated ⟨
5028:without dagesh is pronounced as in "thick"
5002:without dagesh is pronounced as in "these"
1185:used in ancient times to write the various
22456:
22442:
21200:
21186:
18593:
18579:
17800:
17786:
17742:—including Hebrew letters, sorted by shape
17680:Pitre, Brant J.; Bergsma, John S. (2018).
17603:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
17530:
17157:
16810:
15903:" are sometimes used to represent
11872:is no longer regularly used in Hebrew. In
10639:, printed above the accented letter, e.g.
9607:, but many more written symbols for them:
5737:
5017:without dagesh is pronounced as in "silk"
2375:International Phonetic Alphabet for Hebrew
96:
17648:
17310:
17280:
17194:
17158:Renz, Johannes; Röllig, Wolfgang (2016).
17024:. Society of Biblical Lit. pp. 30–.
16202:
10631:. Gershayim is also the name of a
17518:Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot 55c
17500:Jerusalem Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 21b
17461:
17144:, vol. 16 (טז), 1982, pp. 62–69. JSTOR,
16804:
16681:", as opposed to the final form "
16362:
16355:Unicode and HTML for the Hebrew alphabet
16134:Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Hagigah, 77c
16078:
11943:
5831:
5792:
5766:
5746:'s general population, especially where
5033:Sounds represented with diacritic geresh
1252:from the area include the tenth-century
1211:
1196:
17403:. Jerusalem: Magnes. pp. 207–211.
15935:appears in Hebrew slang and loanwords.
5024:, and formerly in some other dialects,
4749:), while the soft sounds lack a
2473:Approximate western European equivalent
398:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
22844:
17575:
17398:
17182:
17160:Handbuch der althebräischen Epigraphik
12389:transliteration that differs from the
2330:, the first chapter has the now-usual
1763:) serving as vowel letters, or
982:), known variously by scholars as the
514:
22437:
22337:American Printing House for the Blind
22113:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
21765:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
21181:
20971:
20926:
20819:
20498:
20383:
19725:
18939:
18701:
18684:
18574:
17781:
17765:Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription
17637:
17596:
17389:, p. 3 Academy of the Hebrew Language
17244:Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation.
17218:
17206:
16928:
16913:
16704: (two separate vavs), used in
10646:
6395:) was originally different from both
5799:Usually when in medial word position:
5779:
5315:Transliteration of non-native sounds
1101:". As with other abjads, such as the
1074:Various "styles" (in current terms, "
20820:
17675:New York: New York University Press.
17146:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23619530
17129:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25066976
15886:), but only to transliterate
10088:By adding two vertical dots (called
6451:voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
6437:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
4976:without dagesh is pronounced , like
4660:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
4532:are represented by the same letter,
357:. For the distinction between ,
21207:
17807:
17447:
17349:. There is a single occurrence of "
17344:
17333:
16581:
16568:
16508:
16502:
16496:
16348:
16150:
16023:
16011:
15999:
15977:
15961:
15952:
15816:
15810:
15804:
14528:
14486:
14436:
14344:
14302:
14250:
14198:
14158:
14118:
14028:
13925:
13878:
13838:
13798:
13758:
13689:
13649:
13569:
13520:
13463:
13416:
13324:
13272:
13232:
13175:
13135:
13093:
13044:
12999:
12939:
12887:
12832:
12792:
12752:
12708:
12639:
12579:
12445:
12344:Transliterations and transcriptions
11941:, and often in religious contexts.
11926:– "phase a, phase b"), commonly in
11922:
11916:
11864:
10286:
9316:
6347:represented the emphatic consonant
5718:pronounced as a string of letters;
5687:
5681:
5673:
5655:
5530:
5521:
5473:
5403:
5395:
1890:
970:
24:
20927:
17127:, no. 344, 2006, pp. 5–46. JSTOR,
17002:
16819:(2). Informa UK Limited: 190–214.
16708:, is to be distinguished from the
16476:Significance of numbers of Judaism
16291:
16279:notation is used for the iterated
16224:
16167:
11815:
10056:By adding a vertical line (called
4757:only changes the pronunciation of
1044:and which itself derives from the
1004:script used in the writing of the
25:
22898:
17718:
17257:"The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet)"
16506:, as opposed to with the hyphen,
16236:{\displaystyle \aleph _{\alpha }}
15993:in its regular, not final, form "
12433:, differs slightly from the 2006
12407:standard Israeli transliteration.
10161:
9935:isolated vowel written on its own
9917:isolated vowel written on its own
6472:The following table contains the
6468:Regional and historical variation
5412:Also used for English voiced "th"
4753:. In modern Hebrew, however, the
3820:. When ʕ, no English equivalent.
17703:A History of the Hebrew Language
17554:
16367:An example of a Hebrew keyboard.
16269:{\displaystyle \beth _{\alpha }}
16036:
11805:
11798:
11788:
11781:
11763:
11756:
11746:
11739:
11721:
11714:
11704:
11697:
11679:
11672:
11662:
11655:
11637:
11630:
11612:
11606:
11599:
11589:
11582:
11564:
11557:
11539:
11532:
11522:
11515:
11497:
11490:
11480:
11473:
11455:
11448:
11438:
11431:
11413:
11406:
11388:
11381:
11371:
11364:
11346:
11339:
11321:
11314:
11304:
11297:
11279:
11272:
11262:
11255:
11237:
11230:
11212:
11205:
11195:
11188:
11170:
11163:
11153:
11146:
11128:
11121:
11111:
11104:
11086:
11079:
11069:
11062:
11044:
11037:
11027:
11020:
11002:
10995:
10985:
10978:
10960:
10953:
10943:
10936:
10918:
10911:
10901:
10894:
10876:
10869:
10859:
10852:
10834:
10827:
10817:
10810:
10792:
10785:
10775:
10768:
10258:
10225:
10192:
10144:
9965:
9872:
9821:
9783:
9745:
9689:
9651:
6214:
2355:
2275:inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud
378:
57:
22857:1st-millennium BC introductions
20972:
17712:History of the Hebrew Language.
17686:. Ignatius Press. p. 280.
17656:. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
17582:. Westminster John Knox Press.
17548:
17521:
17512:
17503:
17494:
17431:
17425:"Hebrew lessons for Christians"
17417:
17392:
17274:
17249:
17236:
17151:
17134:
17117:
16996:
16985:
16766:
16685:", which always denotes
16090:Another book, the 13th-century
12320: respectively. Adding a
9589:
6482:International Phonetic Alphabet
4733:each had two sounds: one hard (
4514:
428:
400: instead of Hebrew letters.
349:International Phonetic Alphabet
27:Alphabet of the Hebrew language
18666:Languages by writing system /
17701:Saénz-Badillos, Angel (1993).
17290:Phonologies of Asia and Africa
16967:
16949:
16922:
16907:
16866:
16856:
16847:
16785:
16345:is used in cardinal notation.
12383:Academy of the Hebrew Language
10665:History of the Hebrew alphabet
10595:is usually promoted to a long
10576:is usually promoted to a long
10540:the vowel is made very short.
4995:without dagesh is pronounced .
4536:, but are two separate
1363:
1240:History of the Hebrew alphabet
1040:, which flourished during the
83:2nd–1st century BCE to present
13:
1:
22877:Right-to-left writing systems
22105:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
22061:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
20499:
20384:
19726:
17597:First, Mitchell (June 2014).
17302:: CS1 maint: date and year (
16779:
15771:
15763:
15108:
14568:
14560:
14419:
14000:
13398:
13383:
12336: represents 5000, and
10526:By adding two vertical dots (
9997:– with or without the letter
9973:vowel written below consonant
9880:vowel written above consonant
9829:vowel written below consonant
9791:vowel written below consonant
9753:vowel written below consonant
9697:vowel written below consonant
9659:vowel written below consonant
4685:Historically, the consonants
2360:
1835:books intended for study, in
1288:
905:
888:
875:
743:
536:
495:
333:Alphabetic Presentation Forms
22711:
22700:
22689:
22678:
22667:
22656:
22645:
22634:
22623:
22612:
22601:
22590:
22579:
22568:
22557:
22546:
22535:
22524:
22513:
22502:
22491:
22480:
22316:National Braille Association
22295:Braille Institute of America
22013:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
18940:
17746:
17723:
17478:"Transliteration guidelines"
17261:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
16898:in the Assyrian writing only
16876:21b–22a); Jerusalem Talmud (
16825:10.1080/17586801.2013.868334
16403:Numeric Character References
16339:cardinality of the continuum
16209:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }
11876:and some other older texts,
11849:
11830:
10606:
10519:
10484:
10449:
10410:
10371:
10332:
10295:
9568:
9536:
9522:
9488:
9457:
9430:
6198:Ancient Hebrew pronunciation
6156:
6143:
6131:
6097:
6084:
6071:
6060:
6057:
6032:
6021:
6018:
5989:
5978:
5975:
5951:
5940:
5937:
5905:
5894:
5891:
5862:
5843:
5840:
5820:
5797:
5626:
5598:
5589:
5498:
5483:
5480:
5429:
5426:
5361:
5346:
5343:
5252:
5247:
5213:
5210:
5174:
5171:
5135:
5132:
4938:
4920:
4895:
4875:
4850:
4832:
4654:
1097:, but is now considered an "
342: This article contains
7:
22196:Refreshable braille display
22175:Optical braille recognition
21772:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
21304:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
20447:New Epoch Notation Painting
17774:Biblical Archaeology Review
17353:", see this comment.
17281:Rendsburg, Gary A. (1997).
16489:
16472:("spelling lacking niqqud")
16423:
16385:combining diacritical marks
16303:{\displaystyle \aleph _{0}}
16179:{\displaystyle \aleph _{0}}
12358:Biblical Hebrew orthography
9311:
5811:(separation of vowels in a
5663:
5645:
5630:
5502:
5448:
5385:
5365:
5107:Hebrew slang and loanwords
2348:
2338:
2332:
2322:can be clearly seen in the
2318:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
1868:
1849:
1036:. It is an offshoot of the
978:
512:
10:
22903:
22263:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
18702:
17843:Transliteration to English
17579:Lamentations: A Commentary
17444:, Paris: Editions du CNRS.
17288:. In Kaye, Alan S. (ed.).
17283:"Ancient Hebrew Phonology"
17018:Chris A. Rollston (2010).
16979:December 25, 2010, at the
16916:Ancient Israelite Religion
16352:
16330:{\displaystyle \beth _{1}}
16249:Less frequently used, the
14629:
14614:
14598:
14582:
12538:
12518:
12497:
12476:
12456:
12347:
11902:
10650:
10610:
10081:
10049:
9320:
5036:
4678:
4672:
4518:
4497:voiceless dental fricative
2364:
1911:
1804:) or without (e.g.
1718:written from right to left
1703:
1313:began using a form of the
1264:and whether the script is
1237:
1192:
1091:written from right to left
29:
22794:
22472:
22395:
22346:
22286:
22219:
22129:
22075:
22038:
21999:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
21978:
21959:
21940:
21845:
21751:
21712:
21639:
21566:
21265:
21258:
21219:
21177:
20980:
20967:
20935:
20922:
20873:
20832:
20828:
20815:
20791:
20755:
20729:
20678:
20635:
20600:
20520:
20513:Chinese family of scripts
20511:
20507:
20494:
20392:
20379:
20330:
19738:
19734:
19721:
19583:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
19570:
19218:
18961:
18952:
18948:
18935:
18710:
18697:
18693:
18685:
18680:
18668:by first written accounts
18637:
18616:
18612:
18522:
18457:
18402:
18367:
18310:
18267:
18167:
18044:
17998:
17982:
17975:
17898:
17860:
17815:
17442:Ecriture et civilisations
17350:
17338:
17324:
16712:
16701:
16682:
16678:
16655:
16647:
16639:
16619:
16611:
16603:
16538: can only be read
16535:
16531:
16527:
15994:
15989:is always represented by
15900:
15896:
15883:
15879:
15875:
15871:
15867:
15863:
15859:
15841:
15825:
15794:
15790:
15786:
15765:
15759:
15757:
15751:
15745:
15725:
15698:
15646:
15644:
15641:
15635:
15633:
15615:
15587:
15560:
15541:
15522:
15483:
15478:
15465:
15463:
15420:
15413:
15400:
15398:
15381:
15362:
15343:
15324:
15280:
15261:
15206:
15180:
15149:
15129:
15075:
15072:
15066:
15064:
15038:
15019:
14983:
14964:
14939:
14911:
14887:
14874:
14868:
14866:
14860:
14854:
14826:
14813:
14807:
14805:
14799:
14793:
14774:
14755:
14727:
14687:
14648:
14562:
14556:
14554:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14541:
14538:
14533:
14526:
14520:
14478:
14428:
14366:
14364:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14354:
14349:
14342:
14336:
14334:
14294:
14242:
14190:
14150:
14110:
14055:
14050:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14026:
14013:
14011:
13953:
13948:
13945:
13938:
13930:
13923:
13910:
13908:
13870:
13830:
13790:
13750:
13681:
13641:
13552:
13505:
13450:
13408:
13343:
13340:
13337:
13334:
13329:
13322:
13316:
13314:
13264:
13224:
13167:
13127:
13080:
13031:
12986:
12973:
12967:
12965:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12952:
12949:
12944:
12937:
12931:
12879:
12866:
12860:
12858:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12845:
12842:
12837:
12830:
12824:
12784:
12744:
12695:
12622:
12562:
12438:
12337:
12333:
12329:
12325:
12317:
12313:
12309:
12305:
12301:
12285:
12272:
12257:
12244:
12229:
12216:
12201:
12188:
12173:
12160:
12145:
12132:
12119:
12104:
12091:
12078:
12063:
12050:
12037:
12022:
12009:
11996:
11937:) in a practice known as
11899:Numeric values of letters
11880:consonants and sometimes
11850:
11842:
11831:
11605:
11598:
11595:
11538:
11531:
11528:
11387:
11380:
11377:
11320:
11313:
11310:
11211:
11204:
11201:
10700:
10697:
10694:
10689:
10678:
10640:
10628:
10618:
10590:
10585:
10571:
10566:
10549:
10544:
10534:
10525:
10520:
10492:
10486:
10457:
10451:
10424:
10418:
10412:
10385:
10379:
10373:
10346:
10340:
10334:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10296:
10114:
10111:
10108:
10034:
9950:
9947:
9938:
9928:
9910:
9895:
9892:
9883:
9621:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9571:
9555:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9537:
9524:
9510:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9489:
9459:
9432:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9351:
9343:
9335:
9327:
9272:
9210:
9199:
9142:
9120:
9115:
9104:
9020:
9009:
8925:
8914:
8813:
8802:
8698:
8679:
8617:
8606:
8522:
8511:
8427:
8416:
8368:
8356:
8338:
8254:
8243:
8159:
8148:
8064:
8053:
7976:
7965:
7888:
7877:
7793:
7784:
7724:
7712:
7628:
7617:
7559:
7548:
7478:
7467:
7390:
7381:
7342:
7333:
7294:
7283:
7206:
7195:
7153:
7142:
7087:
7076:
7022:
7011:
7006:
6995:
6940:
6929:
6868:
6857:
6852:
6841:
6771:
6760:
6676:
6665:
6656:
6616:
6593:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6563:
6560:
6535:
6529:
6523:
6510:
6504:
6498:
6416:
6404:
6396:
6388:
6376:
6352:
6340:
6325:
6303:
6295:
6276:
6165:
6145:
6133:
6106:
6086:
6073:
6046:
6044:
6034:
6008:
6006:
5991:
5965:
5963:
5953:
5920:
5918:
5907:
5881:
5879:
5864:
5781:
5768:
5755:
5694:
5637:
5611:
5600:
5566:
5546:
5528:
5509:
5484:
5455:
5430:
5416:
5372:
5347:
5335:
5314:
5292:
5261:
5254:
5240:
5214:
5203:
5175:
5164:
5136:
5127:
5106:
5092:
5080:
5076:
5072:
4939:
4921:
4896:
4877:
4851:
4833:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4746:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4668:
4614:
4584:
4533:
4500:
4492:
4454:
4439:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4374:
4337:
4322:
4285:
4279:
4265:
4234:
4214:
4173:
4153:
4121:
4115:
4103:
4074:
4068:
4059:
4054:
4013:
3998:
3957:
3942:
3901:
3886:
3845:
3839:
3825:
3774:
3738:
3700:
3678:
3650:
3644:
3632:
3607:
3601:
3592:
3587:
3559:
3553:
3541:
3516:
3510:
3501:
3496:
3459:
3439:
3402:
3379:
3342:
3327:
3290:
3275:
3238:
3232:
3218:
3177:
3157:
3120:
3100:
3063:
3050:
3007:
2987:
2950:
2930:
2889:
2869:
2842:
2827:
2796:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2762:
2735:
2727:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2670:
2629:
2614:
2573:
2567:
2553:
2507:
2479:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2367:Biblical Hebrew phonology
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1829:Aaron ben Moses ben Asher
1820:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1723:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1315:Imperial Aramaic alphabet
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1038:Imperial Aramaic alphabet
340:
311:
301:
294:
278:
273:
217:
194:
154:
149:
115:
105:
87:
77:
65:
56:
50:
22867:Assyrian (Ashuri) script
21986:Chinese semi-syllabaries
21249:Unicode braille patterns
21235:International uniformity
19690:Thomas Natural Shorthand
18531:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
17740:Unicode collation charts
17654:The Book of Lamentations
17638:First, Mitchell (2017).
17615:10.1177/0309089214536490
17564:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
17345:תנ״ך מנוקד, דברים פרק ז׳
17231:Pitre & Bergsma 2018
16813:Writing Systems Research
16481:
12340: represents 778.
10292:Vowel comparison table
10077:
10045:
5726:are also used to denote
2256:
2144:
2114:
2091:
1955:
1946:
1923:
1827:, eventually prevailed.
1277:Proto-Canaanite alphabet
1275:A Hebrew variant of the
1183:Proto-Canaanite alphabet
209:Square Maalouli alphabet
22466:Northwest Semitic abjad
22323:Blindness organizations
22302:Braille Without Borders
22091:Canadian currency marks
21713:Egyptian lineage family
20896:Southwest Paleohispanic
17671:Hoffman, Joel M. 2004.
17148:. Accessed 17 May 2024.
17131:. Accessed 17 May 2024.
16929:Smith, Mark S. (2002).
16798:Encyclopedia Britannica
16736:spelling without niqqud
16341:. Very occasionally, a
16021:) and some slang (e.g.
16009:), foreign names (e.g.
11948:The lower clock on the
11837:These are intended for
11777:
11774:
11735:
11732:
11693:
11690:
11651:
11648:
11626:
11623:
11578:
11575:
11553:
11550:
11511:
11508:
11469:
11466:
11427:
11424:
11402:
11399:
11360:
11357:
11335:
11332:
11293:
11290:
11251:
11248:
11226:
11223:
11184:
11181:
11142:
11139:
11100:
11097:
11058:
11055:
11016:
11013:
10974:
10971:
10932:
10929:
10890:
10887:
10848:
10845:
10806:
10803:
10764:
10761:
6366:. All these are common
5738:Identical pronunciation
5577:only dialectically but
5043:Hebraization of English
4505:voiced dental fricative
2371:Modern Hebrew phonology
1663:Hebraization of English
411:History of the alphabet
345:phonetic transcriptions
22872:Language and mysticism
21640:Russian lineage family
21040:Great Lakes Algonquian
19949:Greco-Iberian alphabet
19882:Gabelsberger shorthand
18825:Inscriptional Parthian
17576:Berlin, Adele (2004).
17399:Laufer, Asher (2008).
17092:(character code chart)
17059:, p. 61–62.
16961:March 2, 2011, at the
16761:Explanatory footnotes
16368:
16331:
16304:
16270:
16237:
16210:
16180:
16131:
16087:
12381:For some letters, the
12350:Romanization of Hebrew
11957:
11910:denoting dates in the
10635:in the reading of the
1658:Romanization of Hebrew
1354:Judeo-Arabic languages
1235:
1209:
1000:, is traditionally an
803:Great Lakes Algonquian
386:This article contains
39:. For the insect, see
22887:Abjad writing systems
22404:Accessible publishing
22330:Schools for the blind
22309:Japan Braille Library
22098:Computer Braille Code
21752:Indian lineage family
21132:Old Persian cuneiform
19999:Carolingian minuscule
18805:Ancient North Arabian
16750:containing the sound
16366:
16332:
16310:. The second element
16305:
16271:
16238:
16211:
16181:
16124:
16082:
16043:rabbinical literature
15981:"), in modern Hebrew
11947:
10651:Further information:
9989:The pronunciation of
9299:sometimes said to be
6442:(the sound of modern
5714:) are used to denote
4519:Further information:
4499:), and dotless dalet
1329:that was used by the
1281:paleo-Hebrew alphabet
1215:
1200:
1145:can also function as
1053:paleo-Hebrew alphabet
487:Ancient South Arabian
290:, Hebrew
167:Proto-Sinaitic script
33:Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
22168:Mountbatten Brailler
21523:(largely reassigned)
21306:(largely reassigned)
20855:Southeastern Iberian
20850:Northeastern Iberian
18748:Egyptian hieroglyphs
18552:Strong's Concordance
17838:Ancient inscriptions
17334:דברים פרק ז׳ פסוק א׳
17096:The Unicode Standard
16314:
16287:
16253:
16220:
16198:
16163:
15793:, and silent
15217:/ei/ diphthong)
13563:/ei/ diphthong)
10969:Vav (Unicode) / Waw
10623: is called a
5762:Pronunciation (IPA)
5344:Dalet with a geresh
5211:Tsadi with a geresh
5172:Zayin with a geresh
5133:Gimel with a geresh
2324:Book of Lamentations
1250:Semitic inscriptions
422:Egyptian hieroglyphs
162:Egyptian hieroglyphs
92:Right-to-left script
22120:Nemeth braille code
21906:(reassigned vowels)
21431:(extended to 8-dot)
21005:Canadian Aboriginal
20891:Khitan small script
20613:Khitan large script
19803:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
18545:Brown–Driver–Briggs
17730:How to draw letters
17540:The Book of Letters
17069:Saénz-Badillos 1993
17057:Saénz-Badillos 1993
17045:Saénz-Badillos 1993
16872:Babylonian Talmud (
16104:repair the universe
15407:in initial or final
13917:in initial or final
12366:Yiddish orthography
10293:
6140:Tsadi (with geresh)
5596:Resh with a geresh
5481:Chet with a geresh
5419: is written.
5287:ánta (boastful act)
4260:r as in French "r"
1777:and to some extent
1712:consisting only of
1534: •
1187:Canaanite languages
1179:Phoenician alphabet
1155:towards the use of
1046:Phoenician alphabet
1032:, especially among
649:Canadian Aboriginal
172:Phoenician alphabet
22154:Braille translator
22131:Braille technology
22107:(science; GS8/GS6)
22076:Symbols in braille
22006:Taiwanese Mandarin
21521:Taiwanese Mandarin
21127:Nwagu Aneke script
20679:Other logosyllabic
20601:Chinese-influenced
20540:Oracle bone script
20522:Chinese characters
20457:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
19847:Eclectic shorthand
19835:Duployan shorthand
19788:Caucasian Albanian
19588:Canadian syllabics
18624:History of writing
18394:Law of attenuation
17899:Reading traditions
17770:2012-02-29 at the
17710:Steinberg, David.
17385:2011-11-16 at the
17292:. pp. 70, 73.
17007:. Winona Lake: 43.
16445:Hebrew punctuation
16395:cantillation marks
16369:
16327:
16300:
16266:
16233:
16206:
16176:
16145:Yisrael Meir Kagan
16088:
15215:(/e/ vowel or
15213:part of tsere male
15187:part of hirik male
13561:(/e/ vowel or
13559:part of tsere male
13512:part of hirik male
11958:
10647:Stylistic variants
10291:
6594:Arabic equivalent
6435:, most likely the
6334:emphatic consonant
5590:Ayin with a geresh
5427:Tav with a geresh
1877:that have special
1841:cantillation marks
1339:Samaritan alphabet
1285:Siloam inscription
1236:
1222:, a tenth century
1210:
1057:Samaritan alphabet
873:Caucasian Albanian
22839:
22838:
22789:
22788:
22431:
22430:
22427:
22426:
22349:tactile alphabets
22277:William Bell Wait
22270:Sabriye Tenberken
22071:
22070:
21936:
21935:
21921:(Japanese vowels)
21719:-mediated scripts
21646:-mediated scripts
21173:
21172:
21169:
21168:
21165:
21164:
21025:Ditema tsa Dinoko
20963:
20962:
20918:
20917:
20914:
20913:
20811:
20810:
20807:
20806:
20631:
20630:
20490:
20489:
20375:
20374:
20371:
20370:
19717:
19716:
19713:
19712:
19566:
19565:
18931:
18930:
18918:Teeline Shorthand
18676:
18675:
18568:
18567:
18424:Verbal morphology
18363:
18362:
17876:
17693:978-1-58617-722-5
17410:978-965-493-401-5
17169:978-3-534-26789-7
17031:978-1-58983-107-0
16942:978-0-8028-3972-5
16579:(= "physicist"),
16470:Ktiv hasar niqqud
16435:Hebrew diacritics
16119:Babylonian Talmud
16083:The four-pronged
15824:", ), the letter
15814:("mother", ) and
15776:
15775:
15685:
15674:
15658:
15506:
15476:
15449:
15433:
15418:
15411:
15302:
15252:
15237:
15219:
15191:
15158:
15113:
15088:
15006:
14948:
14927:
14920:
14896:
14743:
14736:
14700:
14668:
14661:
14642:
14627:
14612:
14596:
14580:
14573:
14572:
14536:
14494:
14444:
14422:
14410:
14399:
14390:
14378:
14352:
14310:
14258:
14206:
14166:
14126:
14087:
14036:
14024:
13990:
13972:
13943:
13936:
13921:
13886:
13846:
13806:
13766:
13721:
13697:
13657:
13635:
13627:
13612:
13601:
13577:
13565:
13528:
13516:
13471:
13459:
13424:
13388:
13356:
13332:
13280:
13240:
13209:
13183:
13143:
13101:
13089:
13059:
13052:
13040:
13007:
12995:
12947:
12895:
12840:
12800:
12760:
12723:
12716:
12704:
12647:
12635:
12594:
12587:
12575:
12556:
12551:
12536:
12531:
12516:
12511:
12495:
12490:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12431:Handbook of Style
12298:
12297:
11990:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11896:
11895:
11813:
11812:
10754:
10747:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10711:
10633:cantillation mark
10604:
10603:
10303:
10284:
10283:
10042:
9978:
9977:
9717:
9619:Written Position
9585:
9584:
9427:
9420:
9419:vowel designation
9413:
9406:
9395:
9388:
9362:). When they do,
9360:/ʔ/,/ʕ/,/v/and/j/
9282:
9281:
8671:
8660:
7613:
7606:
7595:
6433:lateral consonant
6429:Semitic languages
6411:, but had become
6194:
6190:
6189:
6161:
6102:
5858:
5836:
5823:
5816:
5800:
5701:
5700:
5299:
5298:
5268:
5248:Vav with a geresh
4958:
4957:
4737:), and one soft (
4642:
4641:
4489:
4488:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2431:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2379:Yiddish phonology
2254:
2253:
1903:Mandaic alphabets
1701:
1700:
1319:Achaemenid Empire
1042:Achaemenid Empire
959:
958:
499: 5th c. BCE
394:rendering support
374:
373:
16:(Redirected from
22894:
22716:
22705:
22694:
22683:
22672:
22661:
22650:
22639:
22628:
22617:
22606:
22595:
22584:
22573:
22562:
22551:
22540:
22529:
22518:
22507:
22496:
22485:
22475:
22474:
22458:
22451:
22444:
22435:
22434:
22420:
22413:
22411:Braille literacy
22406:
22388:
22381:
22374:
22367:
22360:
22339:
22332:
22325:
22318:
22311:
22304:
22297:
22279:
22272:
22265:
22258:
22251:
22244:
22237:
22230:
22212:
22205:
22203:Slate and stylus
22198:
22191:
22189:Perkins Brailler
22184:
22177:
22170:
22163:
22156:
22149:
22147:Braille embosser
22142:
22122:
22115:
22108:
22100:
22093:
22086:
22064:
22056:
22049:
22031:
22024:
22015:
22008:
22001:
21994:
21987:
21971:
21968:American Braille
21952:
21949:Algerian Braille
21929:
21922:
21914:
21907:
21899:
21892:
21885:
21878:
21870:
21863:
21856:
21838:
21830:
21823:
21816:
21809:
21802:
21795:
21788:
21781:
21774:
21767:
21744:
21736:
21729:
21705:
21698:
21691:
21684:
21677:
21670:
21663:
21656:
21630:
21625:
21620:
21613:
21608:
21603:
21598:
21591:
21584:
21577:
21564:
21563:
21559:
21552:
21545:
21538:
21531:
21524:
21516:
21509:
21502:
21495:
21488:
21481:
21474:
21467:
21460:
21453:
21446:
21439:
21432:
21424:
21417:
21410:
21403:
21396:
21389:
21382:
21375:
21368:
21361:
21354:
21347:
21340:
21333:
21321:
21314:
21307:
21299:
21292:
21285:
21278:
21263:
21262:
21251:
21244:
21237:
21230:
21213:
21202:
21195:
21188:
21179:
21178:
20969:
20968:
20924:
20923:
20830:
20829:
20822:Semi-syllabaries
20817:
20816:
20518:
20517:
20509:
20508:
20496:
20495:
20381:
20380:
19736:
19735:
19723:
19722:
19625:Japanese Braille
19210:Zanabazar square
19079:Nepalese scripts
18969:Bengali–Assamese
18959:
18958:
18950:
18949:
18937:
18936:
18854:Pitman shorthand
18699:
18698:
18695:
18694:
18682:
18681:
18614:
18613:
18595:
18588:
18581:
18572:
18571:
18514:Unicode and HTML
17980:
17979:
17968:
17960:
17952:
17933:
17873:northern dialect
17870:
17802:
17795:
17788:
17779:
17778:
17706:
17697:
17667:
17645:
17634:
17593:
17569:
17561:
17558:
17557:
17543:
17537:
17528:
17527:Zohar 1:3; 2:152
17525:
17519:
17516:
17510:
17507:
17501:
17498:
17492:
17491:
17489:
17482:
17474:
17459:
17458:
17451:
17445:
17435:
17429:
17428:
17421:
17415:
17414:
17396:
17390:
17377:
17354:
17352:
17347:
17346:
17340:
17336:
17335:
17326:
17321:
17308:
17307:
17301:
17293:
17287:
17278:
17272:
17271:
17269:
17267:
17253:
17247:
17240:
17234:
17228:
17222:
17216:
17210:
17204:
17198:
17192:
17186:
17180:
17174:
17173:
17155:
17149:
17138:
17132:
17121:
17115:
17109:
17100:
17099:
17093:
17085:
17072:
17066:
17060:
17054:
17048:
17042:
17036:
17035:
17015:
17009:
17008:
17000:
16994:
16989:
16983:
16971:
16965:
16953:
16947:
16946:
16926:
16920:
16918:
16911:
16905:
16870:
16864:
16860:
16854:
16851:
16845:
16844:
16808:
16802:
16789:
16773:
16770:
16757:
16738:, to denote the
16733:
16725:
16714:
16710:Yiddish ligature
16703:
16692:
16684:
16680:
16676:
16661:
16657:
16653:
16649:
16645:
16641:
16625:
16621:
16617:
16613:
16609:
16605:
16591:
16587:
16584:
16583:
16578:
16574:
16571:
16570:
16537:
16533:
16529:
16511:
16510:
16505:
16504:
16499:
16498:
16492:
16349:Unicode and HTML
16336:
16334:
16333:
16328:
16326:
16325:
16309:
16307:
16306:
16301:
16299:
16298:
16275:
16273:
16272:
16267:
16265:
16264:
16242:
16240:
16239:
16234:
16232:
16231:
16215:
16213:
16212:
16207:
16205:
16185:
16183:
16182:
16177:
16175:
16174:
16151:Mathematical use
16135:
16066:Book of Creation
16047:Jerusalem Talmud
16029:
16026:
16025:
16017:
16014:
16013:
16005:
16002:
16001:
15996:
15988:
15980:
15979:
15973:Book of Proverbs
15967:
15964:
15963:
15958:
15955:
15954:
15945:
15934:
15926:
15918:
15910:
15902:
15898:
15890:other languages
15885:
15881:
15877:
15873:
15869:
15865:
15861:
15843:
15835:
15827:
15819:
15818:
15813:
15812:
15807:
15806:
15796:
15792:
15788:
15769:
15767:
15749:
15747:
15729:
15727:
15717:
15702:
15700:
15692:
15683:
15682:
15670:
15665:
15656:
15655:
15639:
15637:
15619:
15617:
15607:
15591:
15589:
15579:
15564:
15562:
15545:
15543:
15526:
15524:
15514:
15502:
15495:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15457:
15445:
15440:
15428:
15414:
15405:
15404:
15402:
15385:
15383:
15366:
15364:
15347:
15345:
15328:
15326:
15318:
15309:
15300:
15299:
15284:
15282:
15265:
15263:
15255:
15250:
15249:
15240:
15235:
15234:
15211:
15210:
15208:
15189:(/i/ vowel)
15185:
15184:
15182:
15172:
15154:
15153:
15151:
15133:
15131:
15121:
15109:
15104:
15095:
15086:
15085:
15070:
15068:
15058:
15042:
15040:
15023:
15021:
15013:
15004:
15003:
14987:
14985:
14968:
14966:
14944:
14943:
14941:
14923:
14916:
14915:
14913:
14892:
14891:
14889:
14878:
14876:
14858:
14856:
14846:
14830:
14828:
14817:
14815:
14797:
14795:
14778:
14776:
14759:
14757:
14739:
14732:
14731:
14729:
14719:
14696:non-initial word
14692:
14691:
14689:
14681:
14664:
14653:
14652:
14650:
14632:
14617:
14601:
14585:
14578:
14575:
14574:
14566:
14564:
14534:
14531:
14530:
14524:
14522:
14492:
14489:
14488:
14482:
14480:
14470:
14465:
14442:
14439:
14438:
14432:
14430:
14420:
14417:
14408:
14407:
14395:
14388:
14385:
14376:
14375:
14350:
14347:
14346:
14340:
14338:
14308:
14305:
14304:
14298:
14296:
14284:
14279:
14256:
14253:
14252:
14246:
14244:
14232:
14227:
14204:
14201:
14200:
14194:
14192:
14164:
14161:
14160:
14154:
14152:
14124:
14121:
14120:
14114:
14112:
14100:
14095:
14083:
14074:
14069:
14034:
14031:
14030:
14018:
14017:
14015:
14003:
13998:
13986:
13979:
13967:
13939:
13931:
13928:
13927:
13915:
13914:
13912:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13874:
13872:
13844:
13841:
13840:
13834:
13832:
13804:
13801:
13800:
13794:
13792:
13764:
13761:
13760:
13754:
13752:
13742:
13733:
13728:
13719:
13718:
13695:
13692:
13691:
13685:
13683:
13655:
13652:
13651:
13645:
13643:
13633:
13630:
13625:
13624:
13615:
13610:
13609:
13604:
13599:
13598:
13575:
13572:
13571:
13557:
13556:
13554:
13526:
13523:
13522:
13514:(/i/ vowel)
13510:
13509:
13507:
13495:
13490:
13469:
13466:
13465:
13455:
13454:
13452:
13422:
13419:
13418:
13412:
13410:
13396:
13384:
13377:
13368:
13363:
13354:
13353:
13330:
13327:
13326:
13320:
13318:
13306:
13301:
13278:
13275:
13274:
13268:
13266:
13238:
13235:
13234:
13228:
13226:
13216:
13207:
13206:
13181:
13178:
13177:
13171:
13169:
13141:
13138:
13137:
13131:
13129:
13099:
13096:
13095:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13055:
13050:
13047:
13046:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13005:
13002:
13001:
12991:
12990:
12988:
12977:
12975:
12945:
12942:
12941:
12935:
12933:
12921:
12916:
12893:
12890:
12889:
12883:
12881:
12870:
12868:
12838:
12835:
12834:
12828:
12826:
12798:
12795:
12794:
12788:
12786:
12758:
12755:
12754:
12748:
12746:
12719:
12714:
12711:
12710:
12700:
12699:
12697:
12685:
12680:
12645:
12642:
12641:
12631:non-initial word
12627:
12626:
12624:
12614:
12590:
12585:
12582:
12581:
12567:
12566:
12564:
12554:
12541:
12534:
12521:
12514:
12500:
12493:
12479:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12454:
12453:
12450:
12449:
12442:
12377:Clarifications:
12339:
12335:
12331:
12327:
12319:
12315:
12311:
12307:
12303:
12289:
12276:
12261:
12248:
12233:
12220:
12205:
12192:
12177:
12164:
12149:
12136:
12123:
12108:
12095:
12082:
12067:
12054:
12041:
12026:
12013:
12000:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11960:
11959:
11950:Jewish Town Hall
11925:
11924:
11919:
11918:
11882:matres lectionis
11867:
11866:
11852:
11844:
11833:
11820:
11819:
11809:
11802:
11792:
11785:
11767:
11760:
11750:
11743:
11725:
11718:
11708:
11701:
11683:
11676:
11666:
11659:
11641:
11634:
11616:
11610:
11603:
11593:
11586:
11568:
11561:
11543:
11536:
11526:
11519:
11501:
11494:
11484:
11477:
11459:
11452:
11442:
11435:
11417:
11410:
11392:
11385:
11375:
11368:
11350:
11343:
11325:
11318:
11308:
11301:
11283:
11276:
11266:
11259:
11241:
11234:
11216:
11209:
11199:
11192:
11174:
11167:
11157:
11150:
11132:
11125:
11115:
11108:
11090:
11083:
11073:
11066:
11048:
11041:
11031:
11024:
11006:
10999:
10989:
10982:
10964:
10957:
10947:
10940:
10922:
10915:
10905:
10898:
10880:
10873:
10863:
10856:
10838:
10831:
10821:
10814:
10796:
10789:
10779:
10772:
10750:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10722:
10714:
10706:
10676:
10675:
10642:
10630:
10622:
10538:
10536:
10506:
10494:
10488:
10471:
10459:
10453:
10436:
10426:
10420:
10414:
10397:
10387:
10381:
10375:
10358:
10348:
10342:
10336:
10301:
10294:
10290:
10287:Comparison table
10271:
10262:
10238:
10229:
10205:
10196:
10165:
10157:
10148:
10106:
10105:
10066:is only used in
10036:
9980:
9969:
9945:
9930:
9912:
9890:
9876:
9847:
9839:
9825:
9801:
9787:
9763:
9749:
9709:
9707:
9693:
9669:
9655:
9610:
9609:
9606:
9575:
9573:
9559:
9557:
9551:
9540:
9526:
9512:
9507:
9503:
9492:
9476:
9472:
9461:
9445:
9434:
9423:
9416:
9409:
9398:
9391:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9365:
9361:
9353:
9345:
9337:
9329:
9317:Matres lectionis
9303:but more likely
9278:
9276:
9267:
9256:
9245:
9234:
9223:
9212:
9205:
9203:
9194:
9183:
9172:
9161:
9150:
9139:
9128:
9117:
9110:
9108:
9099:
9088:
9077:
9066:
9055:
9044:
9033:
9022:
9015:
9013:
9004:
8993:
8982:
8971:
8960:
8949:
8938:
8927:
8920:
8918:
8909:
8898:
8887:
8876:
8868:
8857:
8849:
8838:
8830:
8815:
8808:
8806:
8797:
8786:
8775:
8764:
8754:
8744:
8733:
8722:
8711:
8700:
8693:
8685:
8683:
8669:
8658:
8652:
8641:
8630:
8619:
8612:
8610:
8601:
8590:
8579:
8568:
8557:
8546:
8535:
8524:
8517:
8515:
8506:
8495:
8484:
8473:
8462:
8451:
8440:
8429:
8422:
8420:
8403:
8392:
8370:
8362:
8360:
8352:
8344:
8342:
8333:
8322:
8311:
8300:
8289:
8278:
8267:
8256:
8249:
8247:
8238:
8227:
8216:
8205:
8194:
8183:
8172:
8161:
8154:
8152:
8143:
8132:
8121:
8110:
8099:
8088:
8077:
8066:
8059:
8057:
8048:
8037:
8026:
8015:
8004:
7989:
7978:
7971:
7969:
7960:
7949:
7938:
7927:
7916:
7905:
7890:
7883:
7881:
7872:
7861:
7850:
7839:
7828:
7817:
7806:
7795:
7788:
7786:
7770:
7759:
7748:
7737:
7726:
7718:
7716:
7707:
7696:
7685:
7674:
7663:
7652:
7641:
7630:
7623:
7621:
7611:
7604:
7593:
7583:
7572:
7561:
7554:
7552:
7539:
7528:
7517:
7506:
7495:
7480:
7473:
7471:
7462:
7451:
7440:
7429:
7418:
7403:
7392:
7385:
7383:
7355:
7344:
7337:
7335:
7307:
7296:
7289:
7287:
7278:
7267:
7256:
7245:
7234:
7219:
7208:
7201:
7199:
7190:
7155:
7148:
7146:
7137:
7126:
7115:
7104:
7089:
7082:
7080:
7071:
7060:
7049:
7038:
7019:
7008:
7001:
6999:
6990:
6979:
6968:
6957:
6942:
6935:
6933:
6924:
6913:
6902:
6891:
6880:
6865:
6854:
6847:
6845:
6836:
6825:
6814:
6803:
6784:
6773:
6766:
6764:
6755:
6744:
6733:
6722:
6711:
6700:
6689:
6678:
6671:
6669:
6662:
6660:
6651:
6618:
6558:
6557:
6541:
6539:
6533:
6527:
6516:
6514:
6508:
6502:
6455:
6441:
6418:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6390:
6386:
6378:
6365:
6359:represented the
6354:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6332:represented the
6327:
6324:, respectively,
6323:
6319:
6310:represented the
6305:
6297:
6278:
6275:show variation.
6274:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6205:
6192:
6186:
6169:
6167:
6157:
6149:
6147:
6137:
6135:
6127:
6110:
6108:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6077:
6075:
6067:
6055:(with left dot)
6050:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6012:
6010:
5995:
5993:
5985:
5969:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5924:
5922:
5911:
5909:
5901:
5885:
5883:
5868:
5866:
5852:
5850:
5832:
5821:
5810:
5808:
5798:
5785:
5783:
5772:
5770:
5753:
5752:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5675:
5669:
5658:
5657:
5651:
5639:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5613:
5604:
5602:
5584:
5576:
5568:
5565:, in which case
5564:
5556:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5523:
5511:
5505:
5496:
5486:
5476:
5475:
5457:
5451:
5442:
5432:
5418:
5406:
5405:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5374:
5368:
5359:
5349:
5312:
5311:
5303:Hebrew phonology
5294:
5277:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5258:
5256:
5242:
5226:
5216:
5205:
5187:
5177:
5166:
5148:
5138:
5104:
5103:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5011:Krymchaki Hebrew
5007:Ashkenazi Hebrew
4941:
4923:
4898:
4881:
4879:
4853:
4835:
4815:Transliteration
4801:Transliteration
4784:
4783:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4748:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4664:
4657:
4632:
4618:
4616:
4602:
4588:
4586:
4559:
4558:
4535:
4503: as /ð/ (
4502:
4494:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4451:
4441:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4165:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3837:
3827:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3740:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3702:
3690:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3381:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3112:
3102:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3052:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2839:
2829:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2751:gh as in Arabic
2748:
2743:
2737:
2729:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2499:
2491:
2481:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2447:
2434:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2351:
2344:Dead Sea Scrolls
2341:
2335:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1912:
1892:
1852:
1822:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1766:matres lectionis
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1694:Unicode and HTML
1538:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1327:Aramaic alphabet
1307:Babylonian exile
1305:. Following the
1293:
1290:
1168:Yiddish alphabet
1157:matres lectionis
1148:matres lectionis
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1061:Aramaic alphabet
1030:Levantine Arabic
1010:Jewish languages
981:
975:
910:
907:
893:
890:
880:
877:
748:
745:
682:
681:
541:
538:
517:
500:
497:
476:
475:
454:
453:
442:
441:
430:
426:
425:
405:
404:
382:
370:
364:
360:
330:U+FB1D to U+FB4F
323:U+0590 to U+05FF
289:
286:
204:Yiddish alphabet
177:Aramaic alphabet
144:Jewish languages
136:Levantine Arabic
101:
100:
61:
48:
47:
41:Hebrew character
37:Samaritan script
21:
22902:
22901:
22897:
22896:
22895:
22893:
22892:
22891:
22882:Hebrew language
22852:Hebrew alphabet
22842:
22841:
22840:
22835:
22790:
22468:
22462:
22432:
22423:
22416:
22409:
22402:
22391:
22384:
22377:
22370:
22363:
22356:
22342:
22335:
22328:
22321:
22314:
22307:
22300:
22293:
22282:
22275:
22268:
22261:
22254:
22247:
22240:
22235:Charles Barbier
22233:
22226:
22215:
22208:
22201:
22194:
22187:
22180:
22173:
22166:
22159:
22152:
22145:
22138:
22125:
22118:
22111:
22103:
22096:
22089:
22082:
22067:
22059:
22052:
22045:
22034:
22027:
22020:
22011:
22004:
21997:
21990:
21985:
21974:
21966:
21960:Frequency-based
21955:
21947:
21932:
21925:
21917:
21910:
21902:
21895:
21888:
21881:
21873:
21866:
21859:
21852:
21841:
21833:
21826:
21819:
21812:
21805:
21798:
21791:
21784:
21777:
21770:
21763:
21756:Bharati Braille
21753:
21747:
21739:
21732:
21725:
21714:
21708:
21701:
21694:
21687:
21680:
21673:
21666:
21659:
21652:
21641:
21635:
21628:
21623:
21616:
21611:
21606:
21601:
21594:
21587:
21580:
21573:
21562:
21555:
21548:
21541:
21534:
21527:
21519:
21512:
21505:
21498:
21491:
21484:
21477:
21470:
21463:
21456:
21449:
21442:
21435:
21427:
21420:
21413:
21406:
21399:
21392:
21385:
21378:
21371:
21364:
21357:
21350:
21343:
21336:
21330:Unified English
21324:
21317:
21310:
21302:
21295:
21288:
21281:
21274:
21259:Braille scripts
21254:
21247:
21240:
21233:
21226:
21215:
21211:
21206:
21161:
20976:
20959:
20955:Stokoe notation
20931:
20910:
20869:
20824:
20803:
20787:
20751:
20730:Logoconsonantal
20725:
20674:
20627:
20596:
20503:
20486:
20467:Siglas poveiras
20388:
20367:
20326:
20230:Younger Futhark
19934:Gregg shorthand
19730:
19709:
19562:
19214:
18944:
18927:
18706:
18689:
18672:
18645:Writing systems
18633:
18608:
18606:writing systems
18599:
18569:
18564:
18523:Reference works
18518:
18453:
18449:Vav-consecutive
18398:
18377:Biblical Hebrew
18359:
18306:
18291:Mater lectionis
18263:
18163:
18040:
17994:
17971:
17966:
17958:
17950:
17929:
17894:
17856:
17811:
17809:Hebrew language
17806:
17772:Wayback Machine
17749:
17726:
17721:
17694:
17664:
17650:Goldingay, John
17590:
17567:
17559:
17555:
17551:
17546:
17538:
17531:
17526:
17522:
17517:
17513:
17508:
17504:
17499:
17495:
17490:on 3 July 2014.
17487:
17480:
17476:
17475:
17462:
17453:
17452:
17448:
17436:
17432:
17423:
17422:
17418:
17411:
17397:
17393:
17387:Wayback Machine
17378:
17357:
17341:" – see
17337:) in the word "
17322:
17311:
17295:
17294:
17285:
17279:
17275:
17265:
17263:
17255:
17254:
17250:
17242:Kaplan, Aryeh.
17241:
17237:
17229:
17225:
17217:
17213:
17205:
17201:
17193:
17189:
17181:
17177:
17170:
17156:
17152:
17139:
17135:
17122:
17118:
17110:
17103:
17098:. Unicode, Inc.
17091:
17087:
17086:
17075:
17067:
17063:
17055:
17051:
17043:
17039:
17032:
17016:
17012:
17001:
16997:
16990:
16986:
16981:Wayback Machine
16972:
16968:
16963:Wayback Machine
16954:
16950:
16943:
16927:
16923:
16912:
16908:
16896:may be written
16871:
16867:
16861:
16857:
16852:
16848:
16809:
16805:
16793:Hebrew alphabet
16790:
16786:
16782:
16777:
16776:
16771:
16767:
16484:
16450:Hebrew spelling
16426:
16361:
16359:Hebrew keyboard
16353:Main articles:
16351:
16321:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16311:
16294:
16290:
16288:
16285:
16284:
16260:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16250:
16227:
16223:
16221:
16218:
16217:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16195:
16190:of an infinite
16188:cardinal number
16170:
16166:
16164:
16161:
16160:
16153:
16137:
16133:
16115:anthropomorphic
16096:Sefer HaTemunah
16070:Book of Genesis
16039:
15847:
15764:
15744:
15724:
15697:
15675:
15634:
15614:
15586:
15559:
15540:
15521:
15507:
15486:
15481:
15475:
15473:
15464:
15450:
15432:
15430:
15429:only in initial
15423:
15410:
15408:
15399:
15380:
15361:
15342:
15323:
15279:
15260:
15218:
15216:
15214:
15205:
15190:
15188:
15179:
15157:
15148:
15128:
15114:
15065:
15037:
15018:
14982:
14963:
14947:
14938:
14919:
14910:
14895:
14886:
14873:
14853:
14825:
14812:
14792:
14773:
14754:
14735:
14726:
14710:
14705:
14699:
14697:
14695:
14694:consonantal, in
14686:
14660:
14658:
14656:
14655:consonantal, in
14647:
14640:
14625:
14607:
14606:transliteration
14605:
14603:
14591:
14590:transliteration
14589:
14587:
14561:
14519:
14477:
14427:
14400:
14335:
14293:
14241:
14189:
14149:
14109:
14088:
14059:
14053:
14047:
14041:
14023:
14021:
14012:
13991:
13971:
13969:
13968:only in initial
13960:
13956:
13951:
13920:
13918:
13909:
13869:
13829:
13789:
13749:
13680:
13640:
13564:
13562:
13560:
13551:
13515:
13513:
13504:
13458:
13449:
13407:
13389:
13315:
13263:
13223:
13166:
13126:
13088:
13079:
13039:
13030:
12994:
12985:
12972:
12930:
12878:
12865:
12823:
12783:
12743:
12703:
12694:
12670:
12664:
12658:
12652:
12634:
12632:
12630:
12629:consonantal, in
12621:
12574:
12572:
12570:
12569:consonantal, in
12561:
12549:
12529:
12506:
12505:transliteration
12504:
12502:
12485:
12484:transliteration
12483:
12481:
12368:
12354:Biblical Hebrew
12348:Main articles:
12346:
12332:, where
12291:
12278:
12263:
12250:
12235:
12222:
12207:
12194:
12179:
12166:
12151:
12138:
12125:
12110:
12097:
12084:
12069:
12056:
12043:
12028:
12015:
12002:
11912:Hebrew calendar
11907:
11905:Hebrew numerals
11901:
11888:orthography of
11874:Masoretic Texts
11818:
11816:Yiddish symbols
10682:
10680:
10667:
10661:Ashuri alphabet
10649:
10615:
10609:
10599:
10580:
10539:
10533:
10317:
10312:Transliteration
10300:
10289:
10172:
10133:
10128:Transliteration
10098:
10086:
10080:
10068:Biblical Hebrew
10054:
10048:
10029:
10006:
10001:– is sometimes
9985:
9711:
9640:
9635:Transliteration
9592:
9570:
9554:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9404:
9402:
9400:
9393:
9325:
9323:Mater lectionis
9319:
9314:
9271:
9268:
9257:
9246:
9235:
9224:
9198:
9195:
9184:
9173:
9162:
9151:
9140:
9129:
9103:
9100:
9089:
9078:
9067:
9056:
9045:
9034:
9008:
9005:
8994:
8983:
8972:
8961:
8950:
8939:
8913:
8910:
8899:
8888:
8877:
8858:
8839:
8820:
8801:
8798:
8787:
8776:
8765:
8755:
8745:
8734:
8723:
8712:
8678:
8675:
8668:
8664:
8657:
8653:
8642:
8631:
8605:
8602:
8591:
8580:
8569:
8558:
8547:
8536:
8510:
8507:
8496:
8485:
8474:
8463:
8452:
8441:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8404:
8393:
8382:
8375:
8355:
8337:
8334:
8323:
8312:
8301:
8290:
8279:
8268:
8242:
8239:
8228:
8217:
8206:
8195:
8184:
8173:
8147:
8144:
8133:
8122:
8111:
8100:
8089:
8078:
8052:
8049:
8038:
8027:
8016:
8005:
7994:
7990:
7964:
7961:
7950:
7939:
7928:
7917:
7906:
7895:
7876:
7873:
7862:
7851:
7840:
7829:
7818:
7807:
7783:
7771:
7760:
7749:
7738:
7711:
7708:
7697:
7686:
7675:
7664:
7653:
7642:
7616:
7610:
7603:
7599:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7573:
7547:
7544:
7540:
7529:
7518:
7507:
7496:
7485:
7466:
7463:
7452:
7441:
7430:
7419:
7408:
7404:
7380:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7332:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7282:
7279:
7268:
7257:
7246:
7235:
7224:
7220:
7194:
7191:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7141:
7138:
7127:
7116:
7105:
7094:
7075:
7072:
7061:
7050:
7039:
7028:
7024:
7020:
6994:
6991:
6980:
6969:
6958:
6947:
6928:
6925:
6914:
6903:
6892:
6881:
6870:
6866:
6840:
6837:
6826:
6815:
6804:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6759:
6756:
6745:
6734:
6723:
6712:
6701:
6690:
6664:
6655:
6652:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6534: and/or
6522:
6497:
6470:
6217:
6213:
6200:
6177:ch/tsh (chair)
6170:
6164:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6132:
6111:
6105:
6091:
6085:
6078:
6072:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6013:
6007:
5996:
5990:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5934:
5925:
5919:
5912:
5906:
5886:
5880:
5869:
5863:
5855:glottal plosive
5851:
5824:
5809:
5801:
5795:transliterated
5794:
5786:
5780:
5773:
5767:
5759:Transliteration
5740:
5728:Hebrew numerals
5685:
5660:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5545:represented by
5459:
5422:
5415:Often a simple
5376:
5260:
5253:
5249:
5124:Transliteration
5045:
5037:Main articles:
5035:
5022:Yemenite Hebrew
4989:Yemenite Hebrew
4876:
4793:Without dagesh
4683:
4677:
4671:
4648:corresponds to
4613:
4583:
4569:Transliteration
4523:
4517:
4137:/ˈlaŋɡəˈtsadək/
4133:/ˈlaŋɡəˈtsadɪk/
3704:
2451:
2442:
2429:
2381:
2365:Main articles:
2363:
2358:
2269:, Izbet Sartah
2259:
2148:
2118:
2095:
1959:
1950:
1927:
1871:
1825:Tiberian system
1726:
1706:
1559:Mater lectionis
1366:
1346:Jewish diaspora
1291:
1266:Proto-Canaanite
1242:
1195:
1103:Arabic alphabet
1012:, most notably
1006:Hebrew language
963:Hebrew alphabet
955:
954:
953:
908:
891:
878:
746:
675:
674:
551:
550:
539:
498:
469:
468:
447:
446:
435:
434:
419:
418:
413:
403:
402:
401:
392:Without proper
383:
341:
336:
332:
325:
316:
304:
287:
284:
269:
220:
213:
197:
190:
181:Hebrew alphabet
157:
150:Related scripts
106:Official script
95:
80:
73:
52:
51:Hebrew alphabet
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22900:
22890:
22889:
22884:
22879:
22874:
22869:
22864:
22859:
22854:
22837:
22836:
22834:
22833:
22828:
22823:
22818:
22813:
22808:
22807:
22806:
22795:
22792:
22791:
22787:
22786:
22783:
22780:
22777:
22774:
22771:
22768:
22765:
22762:
22759:
22756:
22753:
22750:
22747:
22744:
22741:
22738:
22735:
22732:
22729:
22726:
22723:
22719:
22718:
22707:
22696:
22685:
22674:
22663:
22652:
22641:
22630:
22619:
22608:
22597:
22586:
22575:
22564:
22553:
22542:
22531:
22520:
22509:
22498:
22487:
22473:
22470:
22469:
22461:
22460:
22453:
22446:
22438:
22429:
22428:
22425:
22424:
22422:
22421:
22414:
22407:
22399:
22397:
22396:Related topics
22393:
22392:
22390:
22389:
22382:
22375:
22372:New York Point
22368:
22361:
22353:
22351:
22344:
22343:
22341:
22340:
22333:
22326:
22319:
22312:
22305:
22298:
22290:
22288:
22284:
22283:
22281:
22280:
22273:
22266:
22259:
22256:Harris Mowbray
22252:
22245:
22238:
22231:
22223:
22221:
22217:
22216:
22214:
22213:
22206:
22199:
22192:
22185:
22178:
22171:
22164:
22157:
22150:
22143:
22140:Braille e-book
22135:
22133:
22127:
22126:
22124:
22123:
22116:
22109:
22101:
22094:
22087:
22079:
22077:
22073:
22072:
22069:
22068:
22066:
22065:
22057:
22050:
22042:
22040:
22036:
22035:
22033:
22032:
22025:
22018:
22017:
22016:
22009:
22002:
21995:
21982:
21980:
21976:
21975:
21973:
21972:
21963:
21961:
21957:
21956:
21954:
21953:
21944:
21942:
21938:
21937:
21934:
21933:
21931:
21930:
21923:
21915:
21908:
21900:
21893:
21886:
21879:
21871:
21864:
21857:
21849:
21847:
21843:
21842:
21840:
21839:
21831:
21824:
21817:
21810:
21803:
21796:
21789:
21782:
21775:
21768:
21760:
21758:
21749:
21748:
21746:
21745:
21737:
21730:
21722:
21720:
21710:
21709:
21707:
21706:
21699:
21692:
21685:
21678:
21671:
21664:
21657:
21649:
21647:
21637:
21636:
21634:
21633:
21632:
21631:
21626:
21621:
21614:
21609:
21604:
21592:
21585:
21578:
21570:
21568:
21561:
21560:
21553:
21546:
21539:
21532:
21525:
21517:
21510:
21503:
21496:
21489:
21482:
21475:
21468:
21461:
21454:
21447:
21440:
21433:
21425:
21418:
21411:
21404:
21397:
21390:
21383:
21376:
21369:
21362:
21355:
21348:
21341:
21334:
21322:
21315:
21308:
21300:
21293:
21286:
21279:
21271:
21269:
21267:French-ordered
21260:
21256:
21255:
21253:
21252:
21245:
21238:
21231:
21223:
21221:
21217:
21216:
21205:
21204:
21197:
21190:
21182:
21175:
21174:
21171:
21170:
21167:
21166:
21163:
21162:
21160:
21159:
21154:
21149:
21144:
21139:
21134:
21129:
21124:
21119:
21114:
21109:
21107:Linear Elamite
21104:
21099:
21094:
21089:
21088:
21087:
21082:
21077:
21072:
21067:
21062:
21052:
21047:
21042:
21037:
21032:
21027:
21022:
21017:
21012:
21007:
21002:
20997:
20992:
20987:
20981:
20978:
20977:
20965:
20964:
20961:
20960:
20958:
20957:
20952:
20947:
20942:
20936:
20933:
20932:
20929:Sign languages
20920:
20919:
20916:
20915:
20912:
20911:
20909:
20908:
20906:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
20903:
20898:
20893:
20888:
20883:
20881:Espanca script
20877:
20875:
20871:
20870:
20868:
20867:
20862:
20857:
20852:
20847:
20842:
20840:Linear Elamite
20836:
20834:
20826:
20825:
20813:
20812:
20809:
20808:
20805:
20804:
20802:
20801:
20795:
20793:
20789:
20788:
20786:
20785:
20780:
20775:
20770:
20765:
20759:
20757:
20753:
20752:
20750:
20749:
20744:
20739:
20733:
20731:
20727:
20726:
20724:
20723:
20721:Yi (Classical)
20718:
20713:
20708:
20703:
20698:
20693:
20688:
20682:
20680:
20676:
20675:
20673:
20672:
20667:
20662:
20657:
20652:
20647:
20641:
20639:
20633:
20632:
20629:
20628:
20626:
20625:
20620:
20615:
20610:
20604:
20602:
20598:
20597:
20595:
20594:
20589:
20584:
20579:
20574:
20569:
20568:
20567:
20562:
20557:
20547:
20545:Bronze scripts
20542:
20537:
20532:
20526:
20524:
20515:
20505:
20504:
20492:
20491:
20488:
20487:
20485:
20484:
20479:
20474:
20469:
20464:
20459:
20454:
20449:
20444:
20439:
20434:
20429:
20424:
20419:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20393:
20390:
20389:
20377:
20376:
20373:
20372:
20369:
20368:
20366:
20365:
20360:
20358:Flag semaphore
20355:
20353:New York Point
20350:
20348:Telegraph code
20345:
20343:Maritime flags
20340:
20334:
20332:
20328:
20327:
20325:
20324:
20319:
20314:
20309:
20304:
20299:
20297:Visible Speech
20294:
20289:
20284:
20279:
20274:
20269:
20267:Sorang Sompeng
20264:
20259:
20254:
20253:
20252:
20247:
20242:
20237:
20232:
20227:
20222:
20217:
20212:
20202:
20197:
20192:
20187:
20182:
20177:
20172:
20171:
20170:
20169:
20168:
20163:
20158:
20153:
20151:Galik alphabet
20148:
20133:
20128:
20123:
20118:
20113:
20108:
20103:
20098:
20093:
20088:
20083:
20078:
20073:
20068:
20063:
20058:
20057:
20056:
20051:
20049:Tironian notes
20046:
20041:
20036:
20031:
20026:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20006:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19981:
19976:
19971:
19966:
19961:
19956:
19951:
19946:
19936:
19931:
19926:
19921:
19916:
19915:
19914:
19909:
19904:
19894:
19892:Garay alphabet
19889:
19884:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19864:
19859:
19854:
19849:
19844:
19843:
19842:
19832:
19827:
19826:
19825:
19820:
19810:
19805:
19800:
19795:
19790:
19785:
19780:
19775:
19770:
19769:
19768:
19758:
19753:
19748:
19742:
19740:
19732:
19731:
19719:
19718:
19715:
19714:
19711:
19710:
19708:
19707:
19702:
19697:
19692:
19687:
19682:
19677:
19675:Sorang Sompeng
19672:
19667:
19662:
19657:
19652:
19647:
19642:
19637:
19632:
19627:
19622:
19617:
19612:
19607:
19602:
19601:
19600:
19598:Déné syllabics
19595:
19585:
19580:
19574:
19572:
19568:
19567:
19564:
19563:
19561:
19560:
19559:
19558:
19553:
19543:
19542:
19541:
19536:
19531:
19526:
19521:
19516:
19511:
19501:
19496:
19491:
19486:
19481:
19476:
19471:
19466:
19461:
19456:
19451:
19446:
19441:
19436:
19435:
19434:
19424:
19419:
19414:
19409:
19404:
19399:
19394:
19389:
19388:
19387:
19382:
19372:
19367:
19362:
19361:
19360:
19350:
19345:
19340:
19335:
19330:
19325:
19324:
19323:
19313:
19308:
19303:
19298:
19293:
19288:
19283:
19278:
19273:
19268:
19263:
19258:
19253:
19248:
19243:
19238:
19233:
19228:
19222:
19220:
19216:
19215:
19213:
19212:
19207:
19202:
19201:
19200:
19195:
19185:
19180:
19175:
19170:
19165:
19160:
19155:
19154:
19153:
19143:
19142:
19141:
19136:
19131:
19126:
19121:
19116:
19111:
19106:
19101:
19096:
19091:
19086:
19076:
19071:
19066:
19061:
19056:
19051:
19046:
19041:
19036:
19031:
19026:
19021:
19016:
19011:
19006:
19001:
18996:
18991:
18986:
18981:
18976:
18971:
18965:
18963:
18956:
18946:
18945:
18933:
18932:
18929:
18928:
18926:
18925:
18920:
18915:
18914:
18913:
18908:
18903:
18893:
18888:
18887:
18886:
18881:
18871:
18866:
18861:
18859:Proto-Sinaitic
18856:
18851:
18850:
18849:
18839:
18834:
18833:
18832:
18827:
18822:
18817:
18807:
18802:
18797:
18792:
18787:
18782:
18781:
18780:
18775:
18770:
18765:
18755:
18750:
18745:
18744:
18743:
18733:
18732:
18731:
18720:
18719:
18711:
18708:
18707:
18691:
18690:
18678:
18677:
18674:
18673:
18671:
18670:
18664:
18663:
18662:
18657:
18652:
18641:
18639:
18635:
18634:
18632:
18631:
18626:
18620:
18618:
18610:
18609:
18598:
18597:
18590:
18583:
18575:
18566:
18565:
18563:
18562:
18555:
18548:
18541:
18534:
18526:
18524:
18520:
18519:
18517:
18516:
18511:
18506:
18501:
18498:modern Israeli
18487:
18482:
18477:
18472:
18467:
18461:
18459:
18455:
18454:
18452:
18451:
18446:
18441:
18436:
18431:
18426:
18420:
18419:
18414:
18408:
18406:
18400:
18399:
18397:
18396:
18391:
18389:
18387:Philippi's law
18384:
18379:
18373:
18371:
18365:
18364:
18361:
18360:
18358:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18342:
18337:
18332:
18327:
18322:
18316:
18314:
18308:
18307:
18305:
18304:
18302:Plene scriptum
18299:
18294:
18287:
18273:
18271:
18265:
18264:
18262:
18261:
18256:
18251:
18246:
18241:
18236:
18231:
18226:
18221:
18216:
18211:
18206:
18201:
18195:
18194:
18189:
18184:
18179:
18173:
18171:
18165:
18164:
18162:
18161:
18156:
18151:
18146:
18141:
18136:
18131:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18111:
18106:
18101:
18096:
18091:
18086:
18081:
18076:
18071:
18066:
18061:
18056:
18050:
18048:
18042:
18041:
18039:
18038:
18033:
18028:
18023:
18018:
18013:
18008:
18002:
18000:
17996:
17995:
17993:
17992:
17986:
17984:
17977:
17973:
17972:
17970:
17969:
17961:
17953:
17945:
17940:
17935:
17923:
17918:
17913:
17908:
17902:
17900:
17896:
17895:
17893:
17892:
17887:
17882:
17877:
17864:
17862:
17858:
17857:
17855:
17854:
17849:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17825:
17819:
17817:
17813:
17812:
17805:
17804:
17797:
17790:
17782:
17776:
17775:
17762:
17756:
17748:
17745:
17744:
17743:
17737:
17732:
17725:
17722:
17720:
17719:External links
17717:
17716:
17715:
17707:
17698:
17692:
17677:
17668:
17662:
17646:
17635:
17609:(4): 471–485.
17594:
17588:
17573:
17550:
17547:
17545:
17544:
17529:
17520:
17511:
17502:
17493:
17460:
17446:
17438:Sirat, Colette
17430:
17416:
17409:
17391:
17355:
17309:
17273:
17248:
17235:
17223:
17211:
17199:
17195:Goldingay 2022
17187:
17175:
17168:
17150:
17133:
17116:
17101:
17073:
17061:
17049:
17037:
17030:
17010:
16995:
16984:
16966:
16948:
16941:
16921:
16906:
16865:
16855:
16846:
16803:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16775:
16774:
16764:
16763:
16592:(= "snob"). A
16517:Arabic letters
16500:, " hyphen"),
16483:
16480:
16479:
16478:
16473:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16440:Cursive Hebrew
16437:
16432:
16430:Hebrew braille
16425:
16422:
16350:
16347:
16343:gimel function
16324:
16320:
16297:
16293:
16263:
16259:
16230:
16226:
16204:
16173:
16169:
16152:
16149:
16123:
16051:the redemption
16038:
16035:
16031:"slept deeply"
15899:" and "
15845:
15783:
15782:
15780:
15774:
15773:
15770:
15761:
15760:
15758:
15756:
15753:
15750:
15741:
15740:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15730:
15721:
15720:
15718:
15709:
15706:
15703:
15694:
15693:
15667:
15666:
15647:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15631:
15630:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15620:
15611:
15610:
15608:
15599:
15597:
15592:
15583:
15582:
15580:
15571:
15568:
15565:
15556:
15555:
15553:
15551:
15549:
15546:
15537:
15536:
15534:
15532:
15530:
15527:
15518:
15517:
15515:
15499:
15498:
15496:
15487:
15484:
15482:
15479:
15477:
15474:word positions
15471:
15461:
15460:
15458:
15442:
15441:
15426:
15424:
15421:
15419:
15412:
15409:word positions
15406:
15396:
15395:
15393:
15391:
15389:
15386:
15377:
15376:
15374:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15358:
15357:
15355:
15353:
15351:
15348:
15339:
15338:
15336:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15320:
15319:
15310:
15291:
15288:
15285:
15276:
15275:
15273:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15257:
15256:
15241:
15226:
15223:
15220:
15212:
15202:
15201:
15199:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15186:
15176:
15175:
15173:
15164:
15162:
15159:
15155:
15145:
15144:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15134:
15125:
15124:
15122:
15106:
15105:
15096:
15077:
15074:
15071:
15062:
15061:
15059:
15050:
15048:
15043:
15034:
15033:
15031:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15015:
15014:
14995:
14993:
14991:
14988:
14979:
14978:
14976:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14960:
14959:
14957:
14955:
14952:
14949:
14945:
14935:
14934:
14932:
14930:
14928:
14921:
14917:
14907:
14906:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14897:
14893:
14883:
14882:
14879:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14865:
14862:
14859:
14850:
14849:
14847:
14838:
14836:
14831:
14822:
14821:
14818:
14809:
14808:
14806:
14804:
14801:
14798:
14789:
14788:
14786:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14770:
14769:
14767:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14751:
14750:
14748:
14746:
14744:
14737:
14733:
14723:
14722:
14720:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14693:
14683:
14682:
14673:
14671:
14669:
14662:
14654:
14644:
14643:
14630:
14628:
14615:
14613:
14599:
14597:
14583:
14581:
14571:
14570:
14567:
14558:
14557:
14555:
14553:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14543:
14540:
14537:
14532:
14525:
14516:
14515:
14513:
14511:
14509:
14507:
14504:
14501:
14498:
14495:
14490:
14483:
14474:
14473:
14471:
14466:
14457:
14454:
14451:
14448:
14445:
14440:
14433:
14424:
14423:
14418:
14392:
14391:
14386:
14367:
14365:
14363:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14353:
14348:
14341:
14332:
14331:
14329:
14327:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14317:
14314:
14311:
14306:
14299:
14290:
14289:
14287:
14285:
14280:
14271:
14269:
14267:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14247:
14238:
14237:
14235:
14233:
14228:
14219:
14216:
14213:
14210:
14207:
14202:
14195:
14186:
14185:
14183:
14181:
14179:
14177:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14167:
14162:
14155:
14146:
14145:
14143:
14141:
14139:
14137:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14127:
14122:
14115:
14106:
14105:
14103:
14101:
14096:
14080:
14079:
14077:
14075:
14070:
14061:
14057:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14045:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14032:
14025:
14022:word positions
14019:
14009:
14008:
14006:
14004:
14002:/ˌʕadloˈjadaʕ/
13999:
13983:
13982:
13980:
13965:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13954:
13952:
13949:
13947:
13944:
13937:
13929:
13922:
13919:word positions
13916:
13906:
13905:
13903:
13901:
13899:
13897:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13887:
13882:
13875:
13866:
13865:
13863:
13861:
13859:
13857:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13847:
13845:great-grandson
13842:
13835:
13826:
13825:
13823:
13821:
13819:
13817:
13815:
13813:
13810:
13807:
13802:
13795:
13786:
13785:
13783:
13781:
13779:
13777:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13767:
13762:
13755:
13746:
13745:
13743:
13734:
13729:
13710:
13707:
13704:
13701:
13698:
13696:branch-roofing
13693:
13686:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13672:
13670:
13668:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13658:
13653:
13646:
13637:
13636:
13631:
13616:
13605:
13590:
13587:
13584:
13581:
13578:
13573:
13566:
13558:
13548:
13547:
13545:
13543:
13541:
13539:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13529:
13524:
13517:
13511:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13491:
13482:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13472:
13467:
13460:
13456:
13446:
13445:
13443:
13441:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13431:
13428:
13425:
13420:
13413:
13404:
13403:
13401:
13399:
13397:
13381:
13380:
13378:
13369:
13364:
13345:
13342:
13339:
13336:
13333:
13328:
13321:
13312:
13311:
13309:
13307:
13302:
13293:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13269:
13260:
13259:
13257:
13255:
13253:
13251:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13241:
13236:
13229:
13220:
13219:
13217:
13198:
13196:
13194:
13192:
13190:
13187:
13184:
13179:
13172:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13158:
13156:
13154:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13144:
13139:
13132:
13123:
13122:
13120:
13118:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13108:
13105:
13102:
13097:
13090:
13086:
13076:
13075:
13073:
13071:
13069:
13067:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13053:
13048:
13041:
13037:
13027:
13026:
13024:
13022:
13020:
13018:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13008:
13003:
12996:
12992:
12982:
12981:
12978:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12964:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12954:
12951:
12948:
12943:
12936:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12917:
12908:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12896:
12891:
12884:
12875:
12874:
12871:
12862:
12861:
12859:
12857:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12847:
12844:
12841:
12836:
12829:
12820:
12819:
12817:
12815:
12813:
12811:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12801:
12796:
12789:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12775:
12773:
12771:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12761:
12756:
12749:
12740:
12739:
12737:
12735:
12733:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12717:
12712:
12705:
12701:
12691:
12690:
12688:
12686:
12681:
12672:
12668:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12656:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12643:
12636:
12628:
12618:
12617:
12615:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12588:
12583:
12576:
12568:
12558:
12557:
12552:
12539:
12537:
12532:
12519:
12517:
12512:
12498:
12496:
12491:
12477:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12459:
12458:
12423:
12422:
12421:transcription.
12408:
12394:
12345:
12342:
12296:
12295:
12292:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12264:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12243:
12240:
12239:
12236:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12215:
12212:
12211:
12208:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12187:
12184:
12183:
12180:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12159:
12156:
12155:
12152:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12118:
12115:
12114:
12111:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12070:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12036:
12033:
12032:
12029:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12008:
12006:
12003:
11995:
11992:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11903:Main article:
11900:
11897:
11894:
11893:
11854:
11847:
11846:
11835:
11828:
11827:
11824:
11817:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11803:
11796:
11793:
11786:
11779:
11776:
11773:
11769:
11768:
11761:
11754:
11751:
11744:
11737:
11734:
11731:
11727:
11726:
11719:
11712:
11709:
11702:
11695:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11684:
11677:
11670:
11667:
11660:
11653:
11650:
11647:
11643:
11642:
11635:
11628:
11625:
11622:
11618:
11617:
11604:
11597:
11594:
11587:
11580:
11577:
11574:
11570:
11569:
11562:
11555:
11552:
11549:
11545:
11544:
11537:
11530:
11527:
11520:
11513:
11510:
11507:
11503:
11502:
11495:
11488:
11485:
11478:
11471:
11468:
11465:
11461:
11460:
11453:
11446:
11443:
11436:
11429:
11426:
11423:
11419:
11418:
11411:
11404:
11401:
11398:
11394:
11393:
11386:
11379:
11376:
11369:
11362:
11359:
11356:
11352:
11351:
11344:
11337:
11334:
11331:
11327:
11326:
11319:
11312:
11309:
11302:
11295:
11292:
11289:
11285:
11284:
11277:
11270:
11267:
11260:
11253:
11250:
11247:
11243:
11242:
11235:
11228:
11225:
11222:
11218:
11217:
11210:
11203:
11200:
11193:
11186:
11183:
11180:
11176:
11175:
11168:
11161:
11158:
11151:
11144:
11141:
11138:
11134:
11133:
11126:
11119:
11116:
11109:
11102:
11099:
11096:
11092:
11091:
11084:
11077:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11057:
11054:
11050:
11049:
11042:
11035:
11032:
11025:
11018:
11015:
11012:
11008:
11007:
11000:
10993:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10973:
10970:
10966:
10965:
10958:
10951:
10948:
10941:
10934:
10931:
10928:
10924:
10923:
10916:
10909:
10906:
10899:
10892:
10889:
10886:
10882:
10881:
10874:
10867:
10864:
10857:
10850:
10847:
10844:
10840:
10839:
10832:
10825:
10822:
10815:
10808:
10805:
10802:
10798:
10797:
10790:
10783:
10780:
10773:
10766:
10763:
10760:
10756:
10755:
10748:
10741:
10734:
10727:
10720:
10712:
10703:
10702:
10699:
10696:
10692:
10691:
10688:
10653:Cursive Hebrew
10648:
10645:
10611:Main article:
10608:
10605:
10602:
10601:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10570:
10564:
10563:
10558:have the same
10548:
10542:
10541:
10524:
10518:
10517:
10510:
10507:
10498:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10483:
10482:
10475:
10472:
10463:
10461:
10455:
10448:
10447:
10440:
10437:
10428:
10422:
10416:
10409:
10408:
10401:
10398:
10389:
10383:
10377:
10370:
10369:
10362:
10359:
10350:
10344:
10338:
10331:
10330:
10327:
10324:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10288:
10285:
10282:
10281:
10275:
10272:
10263:
10256:
10254:Reduced Kamatz
10250:
10249:
10242:
10239:
10230:
10223:
10221:Reduced Patach
10217:
10216:
10209:
10206:
10197:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10176:
10166:
10149:
10142:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10119:
10118:
10116:Israeli Hebrew
10113:
10110:
10096:
10082:Main article:
10079:
10076:
10050:Main article:
10047:
10044:
9993:and sometimes
9976:
9975:
9970:
9963:
9957:
9956:
9949:
9946:
9937:
9932:
9926:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9894:
9891:
9882:
9877:
9870:
9864:
9863:
9852:
9849:
9831:
9826:
9819:
9813:
9812:
9805:
9802:
9793:
9788:
9781:
9775:
9774:
9767:
9764:
9755:
9750:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9725:
9718:
9699:
9694:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9673:
9670:
9661:
9656:
9649:
9643:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9623:Israeli Hebrew
9620:
9617:
9614:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9579:
9576:
9567:
9566:
9563:
9560:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9528:
9521:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9508:
9499:
9494:
9487:
9486:
9485:ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
9483:
9480:
9477:
9468:
9463:
9456:
9455:
9454:ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
9452:
9449:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9429:
9428:
9421:
9414:
9407:
9396:
9389:
9321:Main article:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9297:
9296:pharyngealized
9294:
9292:pharyngealized
9284:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9269:
9260:
9258:
9249:
9247:
9238:
9236:
9227:
9225:
9216:
9214:
9207:
9206:
9196:
9187:
9185:
9176:
9174:
9165:
9163:
9154:
9152:
9143:
9141:
9132:
9130:
9121:
9119:
9112:
9111:
9101:
9092:
9090:
9081:
9079:
9070:
9068:
9059:
9057:
9048:
9046:
9037:
9035:
9026:
9024:
9017:
9016:
9006:
8997:
8995:
8986:
8984:
8975:
8973:
8964:
8962:
8953:
8951:
8942:
8940:
8931:
8929:
8922:
8921:
8911:
8902:
8900:
8891:
8889:
8880:
8878:
8861:
8859:
8842:
8840:
8823:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8810:
8809:
8799:
8790:
8788:
8779:
8777:
8768:
8766:
8757:
8747:
8737:
8735:
8726:
8724:
8715:
8713:
8704:
8702:
8695:
8694:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8667:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8656:
8654:
8645:
8643:
8634:
8632:
8623:
8621:
8614:
8613:
8603:
8594:
8592:
8583:
8581:
8572:
8570:
8561:
8559:
8550:
8548:
8539:
8537:
8528:
8526:
8519:
8518:
8508:
8499:
8497:
8488:
8486:
8477:
8475:
8466:
8464:
8455:
8453:
8444:
8442:
8433:
8431:
8424:
8423:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8396:
8394:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8365:
8364:
8335:
8326:
8324:
8315:
8313:
8304:
8302:
8293:
8291:
8282:
8280:
8271:
8269:
8260:
8258:
8251:
8250:
8240:
8231:
8229:
8220:
8218:
8209:
8207:
8198:
8196:
8187:
8185:
8176:
8174:
8165:
8163:
8156:
8155:
8145:
8136:
8134:
8125:
8123:
8114:
8112:
8103:
8101:
8092:
8090:
8081:
8079:
8070:
8068:
8061:
8060:
8050:
8041:
8039:
8030:
8028:
8019:
8017:
8008:
8006:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7991:
7982:
7980:
7973:
7972:
7962:
7953:
7951:
7942:
7940:
7931:
7929:
7920:
7918:
7909:
7907:
7898:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7885:
7884:
7874:
7865:
7863:
7854:
7852:
7843:
7841:
7832:
7830:
7821:
7819:
7810:
7808:
7799:
7797:
7790:
7789:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7763:
7761:
7752:
7750:
7741:
7739:
7730:
7728:
7720:
7719:
7709:
7700:
7698:
7689:
7687:
7678:
7676:
7667:
7665:
7656:
7654:
7645:
7643:
7634:
7632:
7625:
7624:
7614:
7609:
7607:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7563:
7556:
7555:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7532:
7530:
7521:
7519:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7497:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7475:
7474:
7464:
7455:
7453:
7444:
7442:
7433:
7431:
7422:
7420:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7396:
7394:
7387:
7386:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7348:
7346:
7339:
7338:
7330:
7327:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7300:
7298:
7291:
7290:
7280:
7271:
7269:
7260:
7258:
7249:
7247:
7238:
7236:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7212:
7210:
7203:
7202:
7192:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7150:
7149:
7139:
7130:
7128:
7119:
7117:
7108:
7106:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7084:
7083:
7073:
7064:
7062:
7053:
7051:
7042:
7040:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7012:
7010:
7003:
7002:
6992:
6983:
6981:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6937:
6936:
6926:
6917:
6915:
6906:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6884:
6882:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6858:
6856:
6849:
6848:
6838:
6829:
6827:
6818:
6816:
6807:
6805:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6777:
6775:
6768:
6767:
6757:
6748:
6746:
6737:
6735:
6726:
6724:
6715:
6713:
6704:
6702:
6693:
6691:
6682:
6680:
6673:
6672:
6653:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:Reconstructed
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6374:
6361:uvular plosive
6289:Sefer Yetzirah
6199:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6178:
6175:
6162:
6155:
6142:
6129:
6128:
6119:
6116:
6103:
6096:
6083:
6069:
6068:
6059:
6056:
6043:
6030:
6029:
6020:
6017:
6005:
5987:
5986:
5977:
5974:
5962:
5949:
5948:
5939:
5936:
5917:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5890:
5878:
5860:
5859:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5829:
5828:
5818:
5817:
5796:
5791:
5778:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5739:
5736:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5678:
5641:
5625:
5616:
5597:
5587:
5586:
5535:
5526:
5513:
5497:
5488:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5470:
5464:
5443:
5434:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5409:
5407:
5400:
5381:
5360:
5351:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5297:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5281:
5278:
5269:
5267:(non standard)
5251:
5250:or double Vav
5245:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5191:
5188:
5179:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5152:
5149:
5140:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5083:⟩, and
5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5018:
5003:
4996:
4981:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4673:Main article:
4670:
4667:
4644:Historically,
4640:
4639:
4633:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4516:
4513:
4487:
4486:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4458:
4452:
4443:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4392:
4387:
4378:
4371:
4370:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4269:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4227:
4218:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4166:
4157:
4150:
4149:
4147:/ˈsˤɔðisœˈfiθ/
4144:
4142:/ˈtsadiksofit/
4139:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4067:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4017:
4011:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3961:
3955:
3946:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3905:
3899:
3890:
3883:
3882:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3849:
3843:
3838:
3829:
3822:
3821:
3804:When ʔ, as in
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3742:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3600:
3591:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3509:
3500:
3493:
3492:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3452:
3443:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3231:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3170:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3005:
3000:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2943:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2873:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2831:
2824:
2823:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2674:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2533:When ʔ, as in
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2454:
2445:
2432:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2402:Name of letter
2399:
2392:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2328:Masoretic text
2316:A reversal to
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1870:
1867:
1755:), or
1725:
1722:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1365:
1362:
1331:Persian Empire
1292: 700 BCE
1254:Gezer calendar
1238:Main article:
1232:Book of Joshua
1224:Masoretic Text
1194:
1191:
1080:cursive Hebrew
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
949:
943:
942:
941:
940:
939:
921:
920:
919:
918:
917:
900:
894:
883:
882:
881:
864:
858:
852:
846:
845:
844:
838:
832:
831:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
776:
775:
774:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
751:
750:
749:
720:
719:
718:
717:
716:
698:
692:
691:
690:
672:
671:
670:
667:Square Aramaic
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
640:
639:
638:
626:
625:
624:
618:
612:
585:
573:
572:
571:
552:
549:
548:
542:
531:
525:
524:
523:
522:
521:
520:
519:
503:
502:
501:
484:
472:Proto-Sinaitic
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
415:
414:
409:
408:
396:, you may see
384:
377:
376:
375:
372:
371:
365:⟩, see
338:
337:
335:
334:
327:
319:
317:
312:
309:
308:
305:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
282:
276:
275:
271:
270:
268:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
239:
234:
229:
223:
221:
219:Sister systems
218:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
200:
198:
195:
192:
191:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
160:
158:
156:Parent systems
155:
152:
151:
147:
146:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22899:
22888:
22885:
22883:
22880:
22878:
22875:
22873:
22870:
22868:
22865:
22863:
22860:
22858:
22855:
22853:
22850:
22849:
22847:
22832:
22829:
22827:
22824:
22822:
22819:
22817:
22814:
22812:
22809:
22805:
22802:
22801:
22800:
22797:
22796:
22793:
22784:
22781:
22778:
22775:
22772:
22769:
22766:
22763:
22760:
22757:
22754:
22751:
22748:
22745:
22742:
22739:
22736:
22733:
22730:
22727:
22724:
22721:
22720:
22717:
22715:
22714:
22708:
22706:
22704:
22703:
22697:
22695:
22693:
22692:
22686:
22684:
22682:
22681:
22675:
22673:
22671:
22670:
22664:
22662:
22660:
22659:
22653:
22651:
22649:
22648:
22642:
22640:
22638:
22637:
22631:
22629:
22627:
22626:
22620:
22618:
22616:
22615:
22609:
22607:
22605:
22604:
22598:
22596:
22594:
22593:
22587:
22585:
22583:
22582:
22576:
22574:
22572:
22571:
22565:
22563:
22561:
22560:
22554:
22552:
22550:
22549:
22543:
22541:
22539:
22538:
22532:
22530:
22528:
22527:
22521:
22519:
22517:
22516:
22510:
22508:
22506:
22505:
22499:
22497:
22495:
22494:
22488:
22486:
22484:
22483:
22477:
22476:
22471:
22467:
22459:
22454:
22452:
22447:
22445:
22440:
22439:
22436:
22419:
22415:
22412:
22408:
22405:
22401:
22400:
22398:
22394:
22387:
22383:
22380:
22379:Night writing
22376:
22373:
22369:
22366:
22362:
22359:
22355:
22354:
22352:
22350:
22345:
22338:
22334:
22331:
22327:
22324:
22320:
22317:
22313:
22310:
22306:
22303:
22299:
22296:
22292:
22291:
22289:
22287:Organisations
22285:
22278:
22274:
22271:
22267:
22264:
22260:
22257:
22253:
22250:
22249:Valentin Haüy
22246:
22243:
22239:
22236:
22232:
22229:
22228:Louis Braille
22225:
22224:
22222:
22218:
22211:
22207:
22204:
22200:
22197:
22193:
22190:
22186:
22183:
22179:
22176:
22172:
22169:
22165:
22162:
22161:Braille watch
22158:
22155:
22151:
22148:
22144:
22141:
22137:
22136:
22134:
22132:
22128:
22121:
22117:
22114:
22110:
22106:
22102:
22099:
22095:
22092:
22088:
22085:
22084:Braille music
22081:
22080:
22078:
22074:
22062:
22058:
22055:
22051:
22048:
22047:Luxembourgish
22044:
22043:
22041:
22037:
22030:
22026:
22023:
22019:
22014:
22010:
22007:
22003:
22000:
21996:
21993:
21989:
21988:
21984:
21983:
21981:
21977:
21969:
21965:
21964:
21962:
21958:
21950:
21946:
21945:
21943:
21939:
21928:
21924:
21920:
21916:
21913:
21909:
21905:
21901:
21898:
21894:
21891:
21887:
21884:
21880:
21876:
21872:
21869:
21865:
21862:
21858:
21855:
21851:
21850:
21848:
21846:Other scripts
21844:
21836:
21832:
21829:
21825:
21822:
21818:
21815:
21811:
21808:
21804:
21801:
21797:
21794:
21790:
21787:
21783:
21780:
21776:
21773:
21769:
21766:
21762:
21761:
21759:
21757:
21750:
21742:
21738:
21735:
21731:
21728:
21724:
21723:
21721:
21718:
21711:
21704:
21700:
21697:
21693:
21690:
21686:
21683:
21679:
21676:
21672:
21669:
21665:
21662:
21658:
21655:
21651:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21638:
21627:
21622:
21619:
21618:Northern Sámi
21615:
21610:
21605:
21600:
21599:
21597:
21593:
21590:
21586:
21583:
21579:
21576:
21572:
21571:
21569:
21567:Nordic family
21565:
21558:
21554:
21551:
21547:
21544:
21540:
21537:
21533:
21530:
21526:
21522:
21518:
21515:
21511:
21508:
21507:South African
21504:
21501:
21497:
21494:
21490:
21487:
21483:
21480:
21476:
21473:
21469:
21466:
21462:
21459:
21455:
21452:
21448:
21445:
21441:
21438:
21434:
21430:
21429:Luxembourgish
21426:
21423:
21419:
21416:
21412:
21409:
21405:
21402:
21398:
21395:
21391:
21388:
21384:
21381:
21377:
21374:
21370:
21367:
21363:
21360:
21356:
21353:
21349:
21346:
21342:
21339:
21335:
21331:
21327:
21323:
21320:
21316:
21313:
21309:
21305:
21301:
21298:
21294:
21291:
21287:
21284:
21280:
21277:
21273:
21272:
21270:
21268:
21264:
21261:
21257:
21250:
21246:
21243:
21242:ASCII braille
21239:
21236:
21232:
21229:
21225:
21224:
21222:
21218:
21210:
21203:
21198:
21196:
21191:
21189:
21184:
21183:
21180:
21176:
21158:
21155:
21153:
21150:
21148:
21145:
21143:
21140:
21138:
21135:
21133:
21130:
21128:
21125:
21123:
21120:
21118:
21115:
21113:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21103:
21100:
21098:
21095:
21093:
21090:
21086:
21083:
21081:
21078:
21076:
21073:
21071:
21068:
21066:
21063:
21061:
21058:
21057:
21056:
21053:
21051:
21048:
21046:
21043:
21041:
21038:
21036:
21033:
21031:
21028:
21026:
21023:
21021:
21018:
21016:
21013:
21011:
21008:
21006:
21003:
21001:
20998:
20996:
20993:
20991:
20988:
20986:
20983:
20982:
20979:
20975:
20970:
20966:
20956:
20953:
20951:
20948:
20946:
20943:
20941:
20938:
20937:
20934:
20930:
20925:
20921:
20907:
20904:
20902:
20899:
20897:
20894:
20892:
20889:
20887:
20884:
20882:
20879:
20878:
20876:
20872:
20866:
20863:
20861:
20858:
20856:
20853:
20851:
20848:
20846:
20843:
20841:
20838:
20837:
20835:
20831:
20827:
20823:
20818:
20814:
20800:
20797:
20796:
20794:
20790:
20784:
20781:
20779:
20776:
20774:
20773:Attic (Greek)
20771:
20769:
20766:
20764:
20761:
20760:
20758:
20754:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20734:
20732:
20728:
20722:
20719:
20717:
20714:
20712:
20711:Proto-Elamite
20709:
20707:
20704:
20702:
20699:
20697:
20694:
20692:
20689:
20687:
20684:
20683:
20681:
20677:
20671:
20668:
20666:
20663:
20661:
20658:
20656:
20653:
20651:
20648:
20646:
20643:
20642:
20640:
20638:
20634:
20624:
20621:
20619:
20616:
20614:
20611:
20609:
20606:
20605:
20603:
20599:
20593:
20590:
20588:
20585:
20583:
20580:
20578:
20575:
20573:
20570:
20566:
20563:
20561:
20558:
20556:
20553:
20552:
20551:
20548:
20546:
20543:
20541:
20538:
20536:
20533:
20531:
20528:
20527:
20525:
20523:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20510:
20506:
20502:
20497:
20493:
20483:
20480:
20478:
20475:
20473:
20470:
20468:
20465:
20463:
20460:
20458:
20455:
20453:
20450:
20448:
20445:
20443:
20440:
20438:
20435:
20433:
20430:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20394:
20391:
20387:
20382:
20378:
20364:
20361:
20359:
20356:
20354:
20351:
20349:
20346:
20344:
20341:
20339:
20336:
20335:
20333:
20329:
20323:
20320:
20318:
20315:
20313:
20310:
20308:
20305:
20303:
20300:
20298:
20295:
20293:
20290:
20288:
20285:
20283:
20280:
20278:
20275:
20273:
20270:
20268:
20265:
20263:
20260:
20258:
20255:
20251:
20248:
20246:
20243:
20241:
20238:
20236:
20233:
20231:
20228:
20226:
20225:Elder Futhark
20223:
20221:
20218:
20216:
20213:
20211:
20208:
20207:
20206:
20203:
20201:
20198:
20196:
20193:
20191:
20188:
20186:
20183:
20181:
20178:
20176:
20173:
20167:
20164:
20162:
20159:
20157:
20154:
20152:
20149:
20147:
20144:
20143:
20142:
20139:
20138:
20137:
20134:
20132:
20129:
20127:
20124:
20122:
20119:
20117:
20116:Old Hungarian
20114:
20112:
20109:
20107:
20104:
20102:
20099:
20097:
20094:
20092:
20089:
20087:
20084:
20082:
20079:
20077:
20074:
20072:
20069:
20067:
20064:
20062:
20059:
20055:
20052:
20050:
20047:
20045:
20042:
20040:
20037:
20035:
20032:
20030:
20027:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19992:
19990:
19987:
19986:
19985:
19982:
19980:
19977:
19975:
19972:
19970:
19967:
19965:
19962:
19960:
19957:
19955:
19952:
19950:
19947:
19944:
19940:
19937:
19935:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19925:
19922:
19920:
19917:
19913:
19910:
19908:
19905:
19903:
19900:
19899:
19898:
19895:
19893:
19890:
19888:
19885:
19883:
19880:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19863:
19860:
19858:
19855:
19853:
19850:
19848:
19845:
19841:
19838:
19837:
19836:
19833:
19831:
19828:
19824:
19821:
19819:
19816:
19815:
19814:
19811:
19809:
19806:
19804:
19801:
19799:
19796:
19794:
19791:
19789:
19786:
19784:
19781:
19779:
19776:
19774:
19771:
19767:
19764:
19763:
19762:
19759:
19757:
19754:
19752:
19749:
19747:
19744:
19743:
19741:
19737:
19733:
19729:
19724:
19720:
19706:
19703:
19701:
19698:
19696:
19693:
19691:
19688:
19686:
19683:
19681:
19678:
19676:
19673:
19671:
19668:
19666:
19663:
19661:
19658:
19656:
19653:
19651:
19650:Masaram Gondi
19648:
19646:
19643:
19641:
19638:
19636:
19633:
19631:
19628:
19626:
19623:
19621:
19620:Gunjala Gondi
19618:
19616:
19613:
19611:
19608:
19606:
19603:
19599:
19596:
19594:
19591:
19590:
19589:
19586:
19584:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19575:
19573:
19569:
19557:
19554:
19552:
19549:
19548:
19547:
19544:
19540:
19537:
19535:
19532:
19530:
19527:
19525:
19522:
19520:
19517:
19515:
19512:
19510:
19507:
19506:
19505:
19502:
19500:
19497:
19495:
19492:
19490:
19487:
19485:
19482:
19480:
19477:
19475:
19472:
19470:
19467:
19465:
19462:
19460:
19457:
19455:
19452:
19450:
19447:
19445:
19442:
19440:
19437:
19433:
19432:Old Sundanese
19430:
19429:
19428:
19425:
19423:
19420:
19418:
19415:
19413:
19410:
19408:
19405:
19403:
19400:
19398:
19395:
19393:
19390:
19386:
19383:
19381:
19378:
19377:
19376:
19375:Old Maldivian
19373:
19371:
19368:
19366:
19363:
19359:
19358:Bilang-bilang
19356:
19355:
19354:
19351:
19349:
19346:
19344:
19341:
19339:
19336:
19334:
19331:
19329:
19326:
19322:
19319:
19318:
19317:
19314:
19312:
19309:
19307:
19304:
19302:
19299:
19297:
19294:
19292:
19289:
19287:
19284:
19282:
19279:
19277:
19274:
19272:
19269:
19267:
19264:
19262:
19259:
19257:
19254:
19252:
19249:
19247:
19244:
19242:
19239:
19237:
19234:
19232:
19229:
19227:
19224:
19223:
19221:
19217:
19211:
19208:
19206:
19203:
19199:
19196:
19194:
19191:
19190:
19189:
19186:
19184:
19181:
19179:
19178:Sylheti Nagri
19176:
19174:
19171:
19169:
19166:
19164:
19161:
19159:
19156:
19152:
19149:
19148:
19147:
19144:
19140:
19137:
19135:
19132:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19122:
19120:
19117:
19115:
19112:
19110:
19107:
19105:
19102:
19100:
19097:
19095:
19092:
19090:
19087:
19085:
19082:
19081:
19080:
19077:
19075:
19072:
19070:
19067:
19065:
19062:
19060:
19057:
19055:
19052:
19050:
19047:
19045:
19042:
19040:
19037:
19035:
19032:
19030:
19027:
19025:
19022:
19020:
19017:
19015:
19012:
19010:
19007:
19005:
19002:
19000:
18997:
18995:
18992:
18990:
18987:
18985:
18982:
18980:
18979:Brahmi script
18977:
18975:
18972:
18970:
18967:
18966:
18964:
18960:
18957:
18955:
18951:
18947:
18943:
18938:
18934:
18924:
18921:
18919:
18916:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18898:
18897:
18894:
18892:
18889:
18885:
18882:
18880:
18877:
18876:
18875:
18874:South Arabian
18872:
18870:
18867:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18848:
18845:
18844:
18843:
18840:
18838:
18835:
18831:
18828:
18826:
18823:
18821:
18820:Inscriptional
18818:
18816:
18813:
18812:
18811:
18808:
18806:
18803:
18801:
18798:
18796:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18786:
18783:
18779:
18776:
18774:
18771:
18769:
18766:
18764:
18761:
18760:
18759:
18756:
18754:
18751:
18749:
18746:
18742:
18739:
18738:
18737:
18734:
18730:
18727:
18726:
18725:
18722:
18721:
18718:
18717:
18713:
18712:
18709:
18705:
18700:
18696:
18692:
18688:
18683:
18679:
18669:
18665:
18661:
18658:
18656:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18647:
18646:
18643:
18642:
18640:
18636:
18630:
18627:
18625:
18622:
18621:
18619:
18615:
18611:
18607:
18603:
18596:
18591:
18589:
18584:
18582:
18577:
18576:
18573:
18561:
18560:
18556:
18554:
18553:
18549:
18547:
18546:
18542:
18540:
18539:
18535:
18533:
18532:
18528:
18527:
18525:
18521:
18515:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18499:
18495:
18491:
18488:
18486:
18483:
18481:
18478:
18476:
18473:
18471:
18468:
18466:
18463:
18462:
18460:
18456:
18450:
18447:
18445:
18442:
18440:
18437:
18435:
18432:
18430:
18429:Semitic roots
18427:
18425:
18422:
18421:
18418:
18415:
18413:
18410:
18409:
18407:
18405:
18401:
18395:
18392:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18382:Modern Hebrew
18380:
18378:
18375:
18374:
18372:
18370:
18366:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18341:
18338:
18336:
18333:
18331:
18328:
18326:
18323:
18321:
18318:
18317:
18315:
18313:
18309:
18303:
18300:
18298:
18297:Abbreviations
18295:
18293:
18292:
18288:
18286:
18282:
18278:
18275:
18274:
18272:
18270:
18266:
18260:
18257:
18255:
18252:
18250:
18247:
18245:
18242:
18240:
18237:
18235:
18234:Kubutz/shuruk
18232:
18230:
18227:
18225:
18222:
18220:
18217:
18215:
18212:
18210:
18207:
18205:
18202:
18200:
18197:
18196:
18193:
18190:
18188:
18185:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18175:
18174:
18172:
18170:
18166:
18160:
18157:
18155:
18152:
18150:
18147:
18145:
18142:
18140:
18137:
18135:
18132:
18130:
18127:
18125:
18122:
18120:
18117:
18115:
18112:
18110:
18107:
18105:
18102:
18100:
18097:
18095:
18092:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18070:
18067:
18065:
18062:
18060:
18057:
18055:
18052:
18051:
18049:
18047:
18043:
18037:
18034:
18032:
18029:
18027:
18024:
18022:
18019:
18017:
18014:
18012:
18009:
18007:
18004:
18003:
18001:
17997:
17991:
17988:
17987:
17985:
17981:
17978:
17974:
17965:
17962:
17957:
17954:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17939:
17936:
17932:
17927:
17924:
17922:
17919:
17917:
17914:
17912:
17909:
17907:
17904:
17903:
17901:
17897:
17891:
17888:
17886:
17883:
17881:
17878:
17874:
17869:
17866:
17865:
17863:
17859:
17853:
17850:
17848:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17820:
17818:
17814:
17810:
17803:
17798:
17796:
17791:
17789:
17784:
17783:
17780:
17773:
17769:
17766:
17763:
17760:
17757:
17754:
17751:
17750:
17741:
17738:
17736:
17733:
17731:
17728:
17727:
17714:
17713:
17708:
17704:
17699:
17695:
17689:
17685:
17684:
17678:
17676:
17674:
17669:
17665:
17663:9780802825421
17659:
17655:
17651:
17647:
17643:
17642:
17636:
17632:
17628:
17624:
17620:
17616:
17612:
17608:
17604:
17600:
17595:
17591:
17589:9780664229740
17585:
17581:
17580:
17574:
17571:
17565:
17553:
17552:
17541:
17536:
17534:
17524:
17515:
17506:
17497:
17486:
17479:
17473:
17471:
17469:
17467:
17465:
17456:
17450:
17443:
17439:
17434:
17426:
17420:
17412:
17406:
17402:
17395:
17388:
17384:
17381:
17376:
17374:
17372:
17370:
17368:
17366:
17364:
17362:
17360:
17348:
17330:
17320:
17318:
17316:
17314:
17305:
17299:
17291:
17284:
17277:
17262:
17258:
17252:
17245:
17239:
17232:
17227:
17220:
17215:
17208:
17203:
17197:, p. 75.
17196:
17191:
17184:
17179:
17171:
17165:
17161:
17154:
17147:
17143:
17137:
17130:
17126:
17120:
17113:
17108:
17106:
17097:
17090:
17084:
17082:
17080:
17078:
17070:
17065:
17058:
17053:
17047:, p. 16.
17046:
17041:
17033:
17027:
17023:
17022:
17014:
17006:
16999:
16993:
16988:
16982:
16978:
16975:
16970:
16964:
16960:
16957:
16952:
16944:
16938:
16934:
16933:
16925:
16917:
16910:
16903:
16899:
16895:
16891:
16887:
16883:
16879:
16875:
16869:
16859:
16850:
16842:
16838:
16834:
16830:
16826:
16822:
16818:
16814:
16807:
16800:
16799:
16794:
16788:
16784:
16769:
16765:
16762:
16759:
16755:
16749:
16745:
16741:
16737:
16731:
16723:
16716:
16711:
16707:
16698:
16696:
16690:
16674:
16668:
16665:
16664:Modern Hebrew
16637:
16633:
16629:
16601:
16597:
16596:
16565:
16561:
16557:
16553:
16549:
16545:
16541:
16534:, and
16524:
16522:
16518:
16513:
16493:
16491:
16477:
16474:
16471:
16468:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16456:
16453:
16451:
16448:
16446:
16443:
16441:
16438:
16436:
16433:
16431:
16428:
16427:
16421:
16419:
16415:
16410:
16408:
16404:
16400:
16396:
16392:
16391:
16386:
16382:
16378:
16374:
16365:
16360:
16356:
16346:
16344:
16340:
16322:
16318:
16295:
16282:
16278:
16261:
16257:
16247:
16245:
16228:
16193:
16192:countable set
16189:
16171:
16158:
16148:
16146:
16142:
16141:Mishna Berura
16136:
16130:
16129:
16122:
16120:
16116:
16112:
16107:
16105:
16101:
16097:
16093:
16086:
16081:
16077:
16075:
16071:
16067:
16063:
16062:Sefer Yezirah
16058:
16056:
16052:
16048:
16044:
16037:Religious use
16034:
16032:
16020:
16008:
15992:
15986:
15974:
15969:
15949:
15943:
15936:
15932:
15924:
15916:
15911:, which like
15908:
15893:
15889:
15857:
15854:
15849:
15839:
15833:
15823:
15800:
15781:
15778:
15777:
15762:
15754:
15743:
15742:
15739:
15737:
15734:
15731:
15723:
15722:
15719:
15715:
15710:
15707:
15704:
15696:
15695:
15690:
15680:
15673:
15669:
15668:
15663:
15653:
15648:
15632:
15629:
15627:
15624:
15621:
15613:
15612:
15609:
15605:
15600:
15598:
15596:
15593:
15585:
15584:
15581:
15577:
15572:
15569:
15566:
15558:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15550:
15547:
15539:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15531:
15528:
15520:
15519:
15516:
15512:
15505:
15501:
15500:
15497:
15493:
15488:
15462:
15459:
15455:
15448:
15444:
15443:
15438:
15431:word position
15427:
15425:
15417:
15397:
15394:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15379:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15371:
15368:
15360:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15341:
15340:
15337:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15322:
15321:
15316:
15311:
15307:
15297:
15292:
15289:
15286:
15278:
15277:
15274:
15272:
15270:
15267:
15259:
15258:
15247:
15242:
15232:
15227:
15224:
15221:
15204:
15203:
15200:
15198:
15196:
15193:
15178:
15177:
15174:
15170:
15165:
15163:
15160:
15147:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15135:
15127:
15126:
15123:
15119:
15112:
15107:
15102:
15097:
15093:
15083:
15078:
15063:
15060:
15056:
15051:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15036:
15035:
15032:
15030:
15028:
15025:
15017:
15016:
15011:
15001:
14996:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14973:
14970:
14962:
14961:
14958:
14956:
14953:
14950:
14937:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14922:
14909:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14885:
14884:
14880:
14872:
14871:
14863:
14852:
14851:
14848:
14844:
14839:
14837:
14835:
14832:
14824:
14823:
14819:
14811:
14810:
14802:
14791:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14772:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14753:
14752:
14749:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14738:
14725:
14724:
14721:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14702:
14685:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14672:
14670:
14667:
14663:
14646:
14645:
14641:transcription
14639:
14635:
14631:
14626:transcription
14624:
14620:
14616:
14611:
14600:
14595:
14584:
14579:Hebrew letter
14577:
14576:
14559:
14544:
14518:
14517:
14514:
14512:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14502:
14499:
14496:
14491:
14484:
14476:
14475:
14472:
14467:
14463:
14458:
14455:
14452:
14449:
14446:
14441:
14434:
14426:
14425:
14415:
14405:
14398:
14394:
14393:
14387:
14383:
14373:
14368:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14318:
14315:
14312:
14307:
14300:
14292:
14291:
14288:
14286:
14283:/ˈrit͡ʃrat͡ʃ/
14281:
14277:
14272:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14255:
14248:
14240:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14229:
14225:
14220:
14217:
14214:
14211:
14208:
14203:
14196:
14188:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14180:
14178:
14176:
14174:
14171:
14168:
14163:
14156:
14148:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14140:
14138:
14136:
14134:
14131:
14128:
14123:
14116:
14108:
14107:
14104:
14102:
14097:
14093:
14086:
14082:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14071:
14067:
14062:
14010:
14007:
14005:
13996:
13989:
13985:
13984:
13981:
13977:
13970:word position
13966:
13964:
13962:
13942:
13934:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13900:
13898:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13888:
13883:
13876:
13868:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13860:
13858:
13856:
13854:
13851:
13848:
13843:
13836:
13828:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13820:
13818:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13808:
13803:
13796:
13788:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13780:
13778:
13776:
13774:
13771:
13768:
13763:
13756:
13748:
13747:
13744:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13726:
13716:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13702:
13699:
13694:
13687:
13679:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13671:
13669:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13659:
13654:
13647:
13639:
13638:
13632:
13622:
13617:
13606:
13596:
13591:
13588:
13585:
13582:
13579:
13574:
13567:
13550:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13542:
13540:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13530:
13525:
13518:
13503:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13492:
13488:
13483:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13473:
13468:
13461:
13448:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13432:
13429:
13426:
13421:
13414:
13406:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13394:
13387:
13382:
13379:
13375:
13370:
13365:
13361:
13351:
13346:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13303:
13299:
13294:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13277:
13270:
13262:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13254:
13252:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13242:
13237:
13230:
13222:
13221:
13218:
13214:
13204:
13199:
13197:
13195:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13185:
13180:
13173:
13165:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13157:
13155:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13145:
13140:
13133:
13125:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13109:
13106:
13103:
13098:
13091:
13078:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13070:
13068:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13058:
13054:
13049:
13042:
13029:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13021:
13019:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13009:
13004:
12997:
12984:
12983:
12979:
12971:
12970:
12955:
12929:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12918:
12914:
12909:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12892:
12885:
12877:
12876:
12872:
12864:
12863:
12848:
12822:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12814:
12812:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12802:
12797:
12790:
12782:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12774:
12772:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12762:
12757:
12750:
12742:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12734:
12732:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12722:
12718:
12713:
12706:
12693:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12682:
12678:
12673:
12666:
12661:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12637:
12620:
12619:
12616:
12612:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12593:
12589:
12584:
12577:
12560:
12559:
12553:
12550:transcription
12548:
12544:
12540:
12533:
12530:transcription
12528:
12524:
12520:
12513:
12510:
12499:
12492:
12489:
12478:
12471:
12466:
12463:Hebrew letter
12461:
12460:
12455:
12452:
12448:
12441:
12436:
12432:
12428:
12420:
12416:
12413:
12409:
12406:
12402:
12399:
12395:
12392:
12388:
12384:
12380:
12379:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12372:Modern Hebrew
12367:
12363:
12359:
12355:
12351:
12341:
12323:
12316:, and
12293:
12288:
12283:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12269:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12241:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12213:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12185:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12157:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12127:
12122:
12117:
12116:
12112:
12107:
12102:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12075:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12034:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11993:
11989:numeric value
11987:
11982:
11979:numeric value
11977:
11972:
11969:numeric value
11967:
11962:
11961:
11955:
11951:
11946:
11942:
11940:
11936:
11933:
11929:
11913:
11906:
11891:
11887:
11883:
11879:
11875:
11871:
11861:
11860:
11855:
11848:
11840:
11836:
11829:
11825:
11822:
11821:
11808:
11804:
11801:
11797:
11794:
11791:
11787:
11784:
11780:
11771:
11770:
11766:
11762:
11759:
11755:
11752:
11749:
11745:
11742:
11738:
11729:
11728:
11724:
11720:
11717:
11713:
11710:
11707:
11703:
11700:
11696:
11687:
11686:
11682:
11678:
11675:
11671:
11668:
11665:
11661:
11658:
11654:
11645:
11644:
11640:
11636:
11633:
11629:
11620:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11602:
11592:
11588:
11585:
11581:
11572:
11571:
11567:
11563:
11560:
11556:
11547:
11546:
11542:
11535:
11525:
11521:
11518:
11514:
11505:
11504:
11500:
11496:
11493:
11489:
11486:
11483:
11479:
11476:
11472:
11463:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11447:
11444:
11441:
11437:
11434:
11430:
11421:
11420:
11416:
11412:
11409:
11405:
11396:
11395:
11391:
11384:
11374:
11370:
11367:
11363:
11354:
11353:
11349:
11345:
11342:
11338:
11329:
11328:
11324:
11317:
11307:
11303:
11300:
11296:
11287:
11286:
11282:
11278:
11275:
11271:
11268:
11265:
11261:
11258:
11254:
11245:
11244:
11240:
11236:
11233:
11229:
11220:
11219:
11215:
11208:
11198:
11194:
11191:
11187:
11178:
11177:
11173:
11169:
11166:
11162:
11159:
11156:
11152:
11149:
11145:
11136:
11135:
11131:
11127:
11124:
11120:
11117:
11114:
11110:
11107:
11103:
11094:
11093:
11089:
11085:
11082:
11078:
11075:
11072:
11068:
11065:
11061:
11052:
11051:
11047:
11043:
11040:
11036:
11033:
11030:
11026:
11023:
11019:
11010:
11009:
11005:
11001:
10998:
10994:
10991:
10988:
10984:
10981:
10977:
10968:
10967:
10963:
10959:
10956:
10952:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10926:
10925:
10921:
10917:
10914:
10910:
10907:
10904:
10900:
10897:
10893:
10884:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10872:
10868:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10842:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10830:
10826:
10823:
10820:
10816:
10813:
10809:
10800:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10774:
10771:
10767:
10758:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10742:
10739:
10735:
10732:
10728:
10725:
10721:
10718:
10713:
10710:
10705:
10704:
10698:Early modern
10695:Contemporary
10693:
10686:
10677:
10674:
10671:
10666:
10662:
10658:
10654:
10644:
10638:
10634:
10626:
10621:
10614:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10584:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10565:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10547:
10543:
10531:
10530:
10523:
10515:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10499:
10497:
10491:
10485:
10480:
10476:
10473:
10469:
10464:
10462:
10456:
10450:
10445:
10441:
10438:
10434:
10429:
10423:
10417:
10411:
10406:
10402:
10399:
10395:
10390:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10367:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10351:
10345:
10339:
10333:
10328:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10313:
10308:
10299:
10279:
10276:
10273:
10269:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10243:
10240:
10236:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10218:
10214:
10210:
10207:
10203:
10198:
10195:
10191:
10189:
10188:Reduced Segol
10186:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10175:
10170:
10167:
10164:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10147:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10137:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10117:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10085:
10075:
10073:
10072:Modern Hebrew
10069:
10065:
10061:
10060:
10053:
10043:
10040:
10032:
10027:
10026:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10014:
10009:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9983:
9974:
9971:
9968:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9954:
9943:
9936:
9933:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9918:
9915:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9903:
9899:
9888:
9881:
9878:
9875:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9845:
9837:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9824:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9814:
9810:
9806:
9803:
9799:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9786:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9765:
9761:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9726:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9705:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9678:
9674:
9671:
9667:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9611:
9608:
9602:
9598:
9597:
9580:
9577:
9569:
9564:
9561:
9553:
9546:
9532:
9529:
9523:
9518:
9515:
9509:
9498:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9458:
9453:
9450:
9447:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9431:
9422:
9415:
9408:
9397:
9390:
9385:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9379:
9357:
9349:
9341:
9333:
9324:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9259:
9254:
9248:
9243:
9237:
9232:
9226:
9221:
9215:
9208:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9186:
9181:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9159:
9153:
9148:
9137:
9131:
9126:
9113:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9091:
9086:
9080:
9075:
9069:
9064:
9058:
9053:
9047:
9042:
9036:
9031:
9025:
9018:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8996:
8991:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8969:
8963:
8958:
8952:
8947:
8941:
8936:
8930:
8923:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8901:
8896:
8890:
8885:
8879:
8874:
8866:
8860:
8855:
8847:
8841:
8836:
8828:
8822:
8818:
8811:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8773:
8767:
8762:
8752:
8742:
8736:
8731:
8725:
8720:
8714:
8709:
8703:
8696:
8691:
8682:
8677:
8673:
8666:
8662:
8655:
8650:
8644:
8639:
8633:
8628:
8622:
8615:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8593:
8588:
8582:
8577:
8571:
8566:
8560:
8555:
8549:
8544:
8538:
8533:
8527:
8520:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8498:
8493:
8487:
8482:
8476:
8471:
8465:
8460:
8454:
8449:
8443:
8438:
8432:
8425:
8419:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8401:
8395:
8390:
8384:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8350:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8325:
8320:
8314:
8309:
8303:
8298:
8292:
8287:
8281:
8276:
8270:
8265:
8259:
8252:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8214:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8192:
8186:
8181:
8175:
8170:
8164:
8157:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8119:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8097:
8091:
8086:
8080:
8075:
8069:
8062:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8024:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7992:
7987:
7981:
7974:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7936:
7930:
7925:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7886:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7837:
7831:
7826:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7804:
7798:
7791:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7768:
7762:
7757:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7721:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7699:
7694:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7650:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7626:
7620:
7615:
7608:
7601:
7597:
7590:
7586:
7581:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7557:
7551:
7546:
7542:
7537:
7531:
7526:
7520:
7515:
7509:
7504:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7483:
7476:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7449:
7443:
7438:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7388:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7353:
7347:
7340:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7292:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7254:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7204:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7151:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7124:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7102:
7096:
7092:
7085:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7026:
7017:
7004:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6945:
6938:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6900:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6863:
6850:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6769:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6742:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6709:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6687:
6681:
6674:
6668:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6565:Pronunciation
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6526:
6520:
6519:modern Hebrew
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6474:pronunciation
6462:
6459:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6410:
6402:
6394:
6382:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6362:
6358:
6346:
6335:
6331:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6301:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6285:BeGeD KePoReT
6282:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6211:
6210:
6195:
6184:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6163:
6160:
6153:
6141:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6104:
6101:
6094:
6081:
6070:
6065:
6054:
6042:
6031:
6026:
6016:
6003:
5999:
5988:
5983:
5973:
5961:
5950:
5945:
5932:
5928:
5915:
5904:
5899:
5889:
5876:
5872:
5861:
5856:
5848:
5839:
5835:
5834:alternatingly
5830:
5827:
5819:
5814:
5806:
5789:
5776:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5692:
5679:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5608:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5574:
5562:
5554:
5542:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5514:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5494:
5489:
5479:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5425:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5401:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5357:
5352:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5332:Arabic letter
5330:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5246:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5209:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5180:
5170:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5088:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5044:
5040:
5027:
5023:
5020:In Iraqi and
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:, as well as
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4902:kh, ch, ḵ, x
4901:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4752:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4682:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4650:Proto-Semitic
4647:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4521:Shin (letter)
4512:
4510:
4506:
4498:
4485:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4408:
4393:
4391:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4131:
4128:/ˈtsadisofit/
4126:
4122:צָדִי סוֹפִית
4120:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4098:
4093:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4064:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3597:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3506:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2689:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2466:pronunciation
2462:
2460:
2455:
2452:pronunciation
2450:
2446:
2443:pronunciation
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:pronunciation
2428:
2427:Modern Hebrew
2424:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2407:Pronunciation
2405:
2397:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2356:Pronunciation
2353:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2196:
2190:
2172:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2059:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:נקודות
1818:
1813:
1795:
1794:write Yiddish
1792:When used to
1790:
1788:
1787:full spelling
1784:
1780:
1779:Modern Hebrew
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1282:
1279:, called the
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1161:full spelling
1158:
1154:
1153:Modern Hebrew
1150:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Judeo-Persian
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:square script
991:
990:Jewish script
987:
986:
980:
973:
968:
964:
947:
946:Paleohispanic
944:
937:
934:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
924:Libyco-Berber
922:
915:
912:
911:
904:
901:
898:
895:
887:
884:
874:
871:
870:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
842:
839:
836:
833:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
777:
772:
769:
760:
757:
756:
755:
752:
742:
741:Old Hungarian
739:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
721:
714:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
699:
696:
693:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
673:
668:
665:
664:
662:
659:
650:
647:
646:
645:10th century
644:
641:
636:
633:
632:
630:
627:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
597:
592:
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
579:
577:
574:
569:
566:
565:
563:
560:
559:
557:
554:
553:
546:
543:
535:
532:
529:
526:
516:
510:
509:
507:
504:
494:
491:
490:
488:
485:
482:
479:
478:
474:
473:
467:
460:
457:
456:
452:
451:
445:
444:
440:
439:
433:
432:
424:
423:
417:
416:
412:
407:
406:
399:
395:
391:
389:
381:
368:
356:
352:
350:
346:
339:
331:
328:
324:
321:
320:
318:
315:
314:Unicode range
310:
306:
303:Unicode alias
300:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
272:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
222:
216:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
196:Child systems
193:
180:
179:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
163:
159:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
99:
93:
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
19:
18:Hebrew letter
22820:
22816:Paleo-Hebrew
22804:Inscriptions
22709:
22698:
22687:
22676:
22665:
22654:
22643:
22632:
22621:
22610:
22599:
22588:
22577:
22566:
22555:
22544:
22533:
22522:
22511:
22500:
22489:
22478:
21919:Thai and Lao
21596:Scandinavian
21228:1829 braille
21220:Braille cell
21020:Cypro-Minoan
20886:Pahawh Hmong
20799:Sitelen Pona
20763:Hindu-Arabic
20096:Mundari Bani
19670:Pahawh Hmong
19479:Tamil-Brahmi
19385:Eveyla Akuru
19380:Dhives Akuru
18847:Paleo-Hebrew
18757:
18714:
18650:undeciphered
18557:
18550:
18543:
18536:
18529:
18345:Inverted nun
18330:Cantillation
18289:
18259:Sin/Shin dot
18045:
18031:Paleo-Hebrew
17847:from English
17827:
17759:Mikledet.com
17753:LiteType.com
17711:
17702:
17682:
17672:
17653:
17640:
17606:
17602:
17578:
17563:
17549:Bibliography
17539:
17523:
17514:
17505:
17496:
17485:the original
17449:
17441:
17433:
17419:
17400:
17394:
17289:
17276:
17264:. Retrieved
17260:
17251:
17243:
17238:
17226:
17214:
17202:
17190:
17185:, p. 4.
17178:
17159:
17153:
17141:
17136:
17124:
17119:
17095:
17064:
17052:
17040:
17020:
17013:
17004:
16998:
16987:
16969:
16951:
16931:
16924:
16915:
16909:
16901:
16897:
16893:
16889:
16885:
16877:
16873:
16868:
16858:
16849:
16816:
16812:
16806:
16796:
16787:
16768:
16760:
16717:
16709:
16699:
16697:, comment).
16669:, the sound
16593:
16563:
16559:
16555:
16551:
16547:
16543:
16539:
16525:
16521:Mandaic ones
16514:
16509:אלף־בית עברי
16487:
16485:
16460:Inverted nun
16411:
16388:
16370:
16248:
16244:aleph number
16154:
16138:
16132:
16126:
16125:
16108:
16089:
16065:
16059:
16040:
16030:
16018:
16006:
15970:
15968:→ "schach".
15946:(as "ch" in
15937:
15891:
15887:
15850:
15838:glottal stop
15798:
15797: are
15784:
15415:
14924:
14740:
14665:
14657:initial word
14609:
14593:
13940:
13926:עַדְלֹאיָדַע
13056:
12720:
12591:
12571:initial word
12508:
12487:
12434:
12430:
12424:
12418:
12404:
12390:
12386:
12376:
12369:
12299:
11952:building in
11908:
11881:
11857:
11826:Explanation
11621:Final Tsadi
10745:Paleo-Hebrew
10672:
10668:
10657:Rashi script
10619:
10616:
10596:
10592:
10586:
10577:
10573:
10567:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10545:
10527:
10521:
10513:
10478:
10443:
10404:
10365:
10298:Vowel length
10277:
10245:
10212:
10182:t or silent
10179:
10173:
10168:
10158:
10100:
10095:
10089:
10087:
10063:
10057:
10055:
10038:
10030:
10023:
10017:
10011:
10007:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9981:
9979:
9972:
9952:
9934:
9916:
9897:
9879:
9859:
9855:
9851:ah, (or oh)
9828:
9808:
9790:
9770:
9752:
9732:
9728:
9721:
9696:
9676:
9658:
9600:
9594:
9593:
9590:Vowel points
9544:
9496:
9465:
9438:
9374: and
9366: and
9355:
9347:
9339:
9331:
9326:
8354:
6509: and
6471:
6460:
6446:
6420:
6415:the same as
6408:
6400:
6392:
6380:
6356:
6344:
6329:
6307:
6299:
6284:
6280:
6268:
6207:
6201:
6191:
6171:
6158:
6151:
6139:
6112:
6099:
6092:
6079:
6052:
6040:
6014:
6001:
5997:
5971:
5959:
5930:
5926:
5913:
5887:
5874:
5870:
5787:
5774:
5741:
5723:
5719:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5664:
5661:
5646:
5643:
5627:
5606:
5592:
5516:
5499:
5466:
5445:
5404:ד׳ו אל־חיג׳ה
5386:
5383:
5362:
5300:
5284:
5235:upár (treat)
5232:
5195:
5155:
5096:
5046:
5025:
5014:
4999:
4992:
4977:
4973:
4959:
4951:
4933:
4916:
4909:
4890:
4871:
4863:
4845:
4828:
4790:With dagesh
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4742:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4684:
4646:left-dot-sin
4645:
4643:
4635:
4622:
4605:
4592:
4589:(right dot)
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4515:Shin and sin
4490:
4481:
4480:
4430:
4429:
4365:
4364:
4313:
4312:
4205:
4204:
4107:
4105:
4045:
4044:
3989:
3988:
3958:פֵּא סוֹפִית
3933:
3932:
3877:
3876:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3729:
3728:
3651:נוּן סוֹפִית
3635:
3634:
3581:/me̞msœˈfiθ/
3544:
3543:
3487:
3486:
3431:
3429:
3370:
3369:
3343:כַּף סוֹפִית
3319:
3317:
3266:
3265:
3209:
3208:
3148:
3147:
3092:
3090:
3043:
3039:
3038:
2978:
2977:
2921:
2920:
2860:
2859:
2818:
2817:
2753:
2752:
2718:
2717:
2661:
2660:
2605:
2604:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2382:
2315:
2260:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2083:
2076:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1915:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1859:Hebrew roots
1854:
1844:
1816:
1814:
1791:
1765:
1727:
1707:
1642:Cantillation
1343:
1296:
1274:
1270:paleo-Hebrew
1243:
1228:Hebrew Bible
1219:Aleppo Codex
1217:
1175:paleo-Hebrew
1172:
1165:
1156:
1146:
1110:
1099:impure abjad
1084:
1073:
1050:
1022:Judeo-Arabic
998:block script
997:
993:
989:
983:
979:Alefbet ivri
962:
960:
936:Neo-Tifinagh
932:4th century
926:10th c. BCE
805:19th century
737:6th century
709:4th century
676:
660:
631:7th century
615:Dhives Akuru
605:4th century
594:
564:10th c. BCE
562:Paleo-Hebrew
558:12th c. BCE
508:12th c. BCE
477:19th c. BCE
470:
448:
443:32nd c. BCE
436:
420:
387:
385:
361:and ⟨
343:
45:
22418:RoboBraille
22242:Róża Czacka
22182:Perforation
21979:Independent
21877:(Bhutanese)
21612:Greenlandic
21283:Azerbaijani
21085:Jindai moji
20974:Syllabaries
20945:SignWriting
20845:Celtiberian
20747:Hieroglyphs
20550:Seal script
20535:Traditional
20407:Blissymbols
20312:Warang Citi
20287:Tolong Siki
20240:Marcomannic
20220:Dalecarlian
20210:Anglo-Saxon
20190:Pau Cin Hau
20081:Medefaidrin
20034:Merovingian
19994:Blackletter
19902:Asomtavruli
19695:Warang Citi
19504:Ulu scripts
19449:New Tai Lue
19392:Mon–Burmese
19246:Bhattiprolu
19074:Nandinagari
18901:ʾEsṭrangēlā
18660:constructed
18350:Shekel sign
18312:Punctuation
18277:with Niqqud
18187:Palestinian
17976:Orthography
17956:Palestinian
17329:Deuteronomy
17183:Berlin 2004
16902:The Mishnah
16667:orthography
16503:אלפבית עברי
16455:Help:Hebrew
16418:typewriters
16399:punctuation
16277:beth number
16092:Kabbalistic
15672:dialectical
15504:dialectical
15447:dialectical
15156:consonantal
15111:dialectical
14946:consonantal
14894:consonantal
14397:dialectical
14085:dialectical
13988:dialectical
13576:information
13457:consonantal
13386:dialectical
13087:consonantal
12993:consonantal
12473:Translation
10617:The symbol
10329:Very Short
10033:The letter
9868:Holam Haser
9712:succeeding
9578:tseré malé
9562:ḥiríq malé
9516:ḥolám malé
9412:designation
9405:consonantal
9403:when letter
9305:glottalized
6427:with other
6387:variant of
6209:BeGeD KeFeT
6193:* Varyingly
5742:In much of
5710:(a doubled
5389:ū al-Ḥijjah
5079:⟩, ⟨
5075:⟩, ⟨
5071:, written ⟨
5047:The sounds
4980:with dagesh
4619:(left dot)
4039:/fe̞sœˈfiθ/
4029:/ˈlaŋɡəfɛɪ/
4014:פֵא סוֹפִית
3983:/pe̞sœˈfiθ/
3973:/ˈlaŋɡəpɛɪ/
3672:/nunsœˈfiθ/
3662:/ˈlaŋɡənʊn/
3560:מֵם סוֹפִית
3424:/xafsœˈfiθ/
3414:/ˈlaŋɡəχɔf/
3403:כַף סוֹפִית
3364:/kafsœˈfiθ/
3354:/ˈlaŋɡəkɔf/
2267:Zayit Stone
2263:abecedaries
1879:final forms
1808: or
1800: or
1637:Punctuation
1624:Ancillaries
1364:Description
985:Ktav Ashuri
972:אָלֶף־בֵּית
863:3rd century
857:3rd century
843:4th century
837:2nd century
793:7th c. BCE
787:8th c. BCE
781:8th c. BCE
773:2nd century
731:2nd c. BCE
725:2nd c. BCE
703:2nd c. BCE
689:4th century
683:3rd c. BCE
663:3rd c. BCE
617:6th century
611:4th century
590:3rd c. BCE
578:8th c. BCE
540: 1601
489:9th c. BCE
483:15th c. BCE
455:7th c. BCE
388:Hebrew text
79:Time period
66:Script type
22846:Categories
22811:Phoenician
21970:(obsolete)
21951:(obsolete)
21743:(Pakistan)
21654:Belarusian
21536:Vietnamese
21479:Portuguese
21465:Philippine
21422:Lithuanian
21075:Hentaigana
21070:Man'yōgana
20530:Simplified
20417:Ersu Shaba
20331:Non-linear
20136:Old Uyghur
20126:Old Permic
20121:Old Italic
20054:Visigothic
19989:Beneventan
19924:Glagolitic
19887:Gadabuursi
19551:Kolezhuthu
19546:Vatteluttu
19484:Tanchangya
19407:Saurashtra
18984:Devanagari
18842:Phoenician
18795:Manichaean
18500:literature
18320:Diacritics
18182:Babylonian
17964:Babylonian
17246:pp. 8, 22.
17219:First 2014
17207:First 2017
16880:10a). Cf.
16780:References
16658: =
16650: =
16642: =
16614: =
16606: =
16588:and never
16577:/piziˈkaj/
16575:and never
16573:/fiziˈkaj/
16569:פִיזִיקַאי
16465:Koren Type
16281:power sets
16194:, such as
16157:set theory
15959:→ "cham";
15938:The Sound
15808:("if", ),
14535:strawberry
11397:Final Nun
11330:Final Mem
11221:Final Kaf
10738:Phoenician
10717:sans-serif
10701:Ancestral
10591:The short
10572:The short
10550:The short
10169:apostrophe
9906:Holam Male
9399:Consonant
6544:gemination
6480:using the
6371:consonants
6315:fricatives
6312:pharyngeal
6265:fricatives
6093:Tav-Samekh
5748:Ashkenazic
5585:commonly.
5293:אַוַונְטַה
5165:גַּ׳חְנוּן
4972:dialects,
4945:f, p̄, ph
4681:Begadkefat
4679:See also:
4665:(or /ś/).
4548:-dot; the
4024:/fejsofit/
3968:/pejsofit/
3667:/nunsofit/
3657:/nunsofit/
3576:/mɛmsofit/
3571:/ˈʃlɔsmɛm/
3566:/memsofit/
3419:/χafsofit/
3409:/χafsofit/
3359:/kafsofit/
3349:/kafsofit/
2712:/ˈdʒime̞l/
2273:, and one
1897:or in the
1747:),
1739:),
1730:consonants
1714:consonants
1632:Diacritics
1616:Numeration
1564:Begadkefat
1348:– such as
1323:Samaritans
1262:Phoenician
1095:consonants
1008:and other
948:7th c. BCE
914:Old Permic
909: 940
897:Glagolitic
892: 430
879: 420
851:5th c. BCE
754:Old Uyghur
747: 650
735:Old Turkic
697:2nd c. BCE
643:Devanagari
584:3rd c. BCE
570:6th c. BCE
556:Phoenician
506:Phoenician
461:3rd c. BCE
22862:Alphabets
22386:Vibratese
22365:Moon type
22358:Decapoint
22039:Eight-dot
21992:Cantonese
21941:Reordered
21904:Inuktitut
21793:Malayalam
21703:Ukrainian
21682:Mongolian
21661:Bulgarian
21624:Norwegian
21589:Icelandic
21380:Hungarian
21338:Esperanto
21290:Cantonese
20874:Redundant
20686:Anatolian
20637:Cuneiform
20565:bird-worm
20501:Logograms
20472:Testerian
20386:Ideograms
20363:Moon type
20250:Staveless
20141:Mongolian
20086:Molodtsov
20044:Sütterlin
19912:Mkhedruli
19778:Bassa Vah
19728:Alphabets
19700:Mwangwego
19665:Mwangwego
19640:Kharosthi
19593:Blackfoot
19556:Malayanma
19427:Sundanese
19422:Sukhothai
19370:Malayalam
19321:Khom Thai
19281:Goykanadi
19205:Tocharian
19158:ʼPhags-pa
19029:Khudabadi
18974:Bhaiksuki
18869:Samaritan
18800:Nabataean
18655:inventors
18369:Phonology
18340:Gershayim
18192:Samaritan
17967:(extinct)
17959:(extinct)
17951:(extinct)
17943:Samaritan
17916:Romaniote
17906:Ashkenazi
17816:Overviews
17747:Keyboards
17631:170926400
17623:0309-0892
17298:cite book
17266:4 October
16900:." See:
16874:Sanhedrin
16841:219568845
16833:1758-6801
16748:loanwords
16706:Ktiv male
16700:However,
16638:variant:
16636:fricative
16622: =
16602:variant:
16530:,
16381:ligatures
16319:ℶ
16292:ℵ
16262:α
16258:ℶ
16229:α
16225:ℵ
16168:ℵ
16128:Creation.
15882:,
15878:,
15874:,
15870:,
15866:,
15853:diacritic
15472:in medial
14698:positions
14659:positions
14231:/t͡sit͡s/
14020:in medial
13946:adloyáda
13305:/ʒarˈɡon/
13273:זָ׳רְגוֹן
12633:positions
12573:positions
12447:בג״ד כפ״ת
12385:offers a
12312:,
12308:,
12304:,
11935:mysticism
11870:diacritic
11832:װ ױ ײ ײַ
11548:Final Pe
10690:Variants
10643:.
10625:gershayim
10613:Gershayim
10607:Gershayim
10568:Note III:
10554:and long
10487:ִ י
10174:or silent
10037: (
9424:Indicated
9401:indicated
9394:of letter
9288:velarized
6577:Ashkenazi
6551:loanwords
6528:,
6503:,
6449:) or the
5929:(without
5873:(without
5724:gershayim
5708:gershayim
5640:)
5525:)
5512:)
5461:Voiceless
5399:)
5375:)
5307:loanwords
4739:fricative
4479:th as in
4311:sh as in
4104:ts as in
4095:/ˈtsadik/
4090:/ˈtsadɪk/
4034:/fesofit/
4020:/fesofit/
3978:/pesofit/
3964:/pesofit/
3723:/ˈsɔme̞x/
3481:/ˈlɔme̞ð/
3428:ch as in
3316:ch as in
3089:ch as in
2858:th as in
2854:/ˈðɔle̞θ/
2812:/ˈdɔle̞θ/
2747:/ˈɣime̞l/
2440:Ashkenazi
2342:. In the
1881:, called
1863:shorashim
1843:, called
1681:Computers
1650:Translit.
1335:Assyrians
1246:Canaanite
1207:gershayim
809:Blackfoot
759:Mongolian
701:Nabataean
695:Palmyrene
635:ʼPhags-pa
582:Kharosthi
568:Samaritan
280:ISO 15924
274:ISO 15924
265:Kharosthi
237:Palmyrene
227:Nabataean
132:Mozarabic
116:Languages
88:Direction
22022:Japanese
21883:Georgian
21875:Dzongkha
21861:Armenian
21779:Gujarati
21644:Cyrillic
21575:Estonian
21550:Yugoslav
21486:Romanian
21458:Nigerian
21373:Hawaiian
21359:Ghanaian
21276:Albanian
21137:Sumerian
21102:Linear B
21065:Katakana
21060:Hiragana
21010:Cherokee
20940:ASLwrite
20901:Bopomofo
20756:Numerals
20742:Hieratic
20701:Isthmian
20670:Sumerian
20650:Assyrian
20645:Akkadian
20302:Vithkuqi
20277:Tifinagh
20245:Medieval
20200:Pisidian
20195:Phrygian
20166:Vagindra
20111:Ol Chiki
20019:Interlac
19974:Kayah Li
19964:Jenticha
19919:Veso Bey
19907:Nuskhuri
19897:Georgian
19867:Formosan
19862:Etruscan
19857:Enochian
19813:Cyrillic
19798:Coelbren
19756:Armenian
19655:Meroitic
19645:Mandombe
19635:Jenticha
19499:Tigalari
19464:Tai Viet
19459:Tai Tham
19439:Tagbanwa
19291:Javanese
19241:Baybayin
19231:Balinese
19219:Southern
19114:Pracalit
19109:Pachumol
19084:Bhujimol
19044:Mahajani
19004:Gurmukhi
18994:Gujarati
18962:Northern
18942:Abugidas
18923:Ugaritic
18911:Maḏnḥāyā
18785:Tifinagh
18778:Solitreo
18716:Numerals
18629:Grapheme
18617:Overview
18509:Surnames
18485:Keyboard
18458:Academic
18444:Segolate
18439:Suffixes
18434:Prefixes
18412:Biblical
18355:Numerals
18269:Spelling
18177:Tiberian
18046:Alphabet
18036:Solitreo
18026:Crowning
17990:Biblical
17948:Tiberian
17938:Yemenite
17911:Sephardi
17885:Medieval
17880:Mishnaic
17868:Biblical
17852:Gematria
17828:Alphabet
17823:Language
17768:Archived
17652:(2022).
17440:(1976),
17383:Archived
17339:מִמֶּךָּ
17089:"Hebrew"
16977:Archived
16959:Archived
16894:Mezuzahs
16890:Mezuzahs
16886:Megillah
16878:Megillah
16744:phonemes
16424:See also
16100:teffilin
16028:/χaˈrap/
16019:"Philip"
16016:/ˈfilip/
16012:פִילִיפּ
15975:30, 6: "
14638:phonetic
14623:phonemic
14602:standard
14586:Standard
14099:/moˈʕil/
14073:/moˈʔil/
13957:adloyáda
13614:/mejˈda/
12709:רִאשׁוֹן
12684:/ʃaˈʔal/
12547:phonetic
12527:phonemic
12501:standard
12480:Standard
12419:phonemic
12415:phonetic
12401:phonemic
11939:gematria
11928:Kabbalah
11853:
11843:וו וי יי
11834:
10587:Note IV:
10546:Note II:
10495:
10460:
10454:
10427:
10421:
10415:
10388:
10382:
10376:
10349:
10343:
10337:
10318:example
10134:example
10103:to "w")
9931:
9913:
9641:example
9541:
9527:
9513:
9493:
9462:
9435:
9354:
9346:
9338:
9330:
9301:ejective
9213:
9118:
9023:
8928:
8816:
8701:
8620:
8525:
8430:
8371:
8257:
8162:
8067:
7979:
7891:
7796:
7727:
7631:
7562:
7481:
7393:
7345:
7297:
7209:
7156:
7090:
7009:
6943:
6855:
6774:
6679:
6619:
6610:Biblical
6605:Mishnaic
6600:Tiberian
6587:Yemenite
6582:Sephardi
6540:;
6478:dialects
6425:cognates
6419:
6407:
6399:
6391:
6379:
6355:
6343:
6328:
6306:
6298:
6279:
6261:plosives
6212:letters
6204:/bɡdkpt/
6172:Tav-Shin
6152:Tet-Shin
5938:kh/ch/h
5716:acronyms
5487:
5458:)
5433:
5396:ذو الحجة
5350:
5339:Comment
5336:Example
5295:
5243:
5241:צ׳וּפָּר
5217:
5206:
5204:קוֹלַאז׳
5178:
5167:
5139:
5128:Example
4966:Sephardi
4964:In some
4942:
4924:
4899:
4893:angaroo
4854:
4836:
4823:Example
4809:Example
4777:
4769:
4761:
4729:
4721:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4578:Example
4544:-dot or
4538:phonemes
4428:t as in
4397:
4363:s as in
4203:k as in
4100:/ˈsˤɔði/
4086:/ˈtsadi/
4081:/ˈtsadi/
4043:f as in
3987:p as in
3931:f as in
3875:p as in
3800:/ˈʕajin/
3727:s as in
3718:/ˈsamɛχ/
3713:/ˈsaməχ/
3708:/ˈsamɛχ/
3633:n as in
3542:m as in
3485:l as in
3476:/ˈlamɛd/
3471:/ˈlaməd/
3466:/ˈlamɛd/
3368:k as in
3264:k as in
3207:y as in
3146:t as in
3037:z as in
3033:/ˈzajin/
3028:/ˈzajin/
3023:/ˈzajɪn/
3018:/ˈza.in/
3014:/ˈzajin/
2976:v as in
2919:h as in
2849:/ˈðalεt/
2816:d as in
2807:/ˈdalɛt/
2802:/ˈdaləs/
2798:/ˈdaləd/
2793:/ˈdalɛd/
2789:/ˈdalɛt/
2742:/ˈɣɪmεl/
2716:g as in
2707:/ˈɡimɛl/
2702:/ˈɡɪməl/
2697:/ˈɡimel/
2659:v as in
2603:b as in
2459:Yemenite
2449:Sephardi
2361:Alphabet
2271:ostracon
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1869:Alphabet
1861:(called
1833:Biblical
1689:Keyboard
1611:Gematria
1603:Numerals
1590:Solitreo
1572:Variants
1546:Features
1541:
1371:
930:Tifinagh
903:Cyrillic
886:Georgian
867:Armenian
785:Etruscan
481:Ugaritic
459:Meroitic
438:Hieratic
359:/ /
355:Help:IPA
142:, other
22826:Aramaic
22799:History
21927:Tibetan
21868:Burmese
21854:Amharic
21837:(India)
21814:Sinhala
21807:Punjabi
21786:Kannada
21734:Persian
21689:Russian
21629:Swedish
21607:Finnish
21582:Faroese
21557:Zambian
21529:Turkish
21514:Spanish
21437:Maltese
21415:Latvian
21408:Italian
21387:Iñupiaq
21366:Guarani
21326:English
21297:Catalan
21214:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
21209:Braille
21092:Kikakui
21030:Eskayan
21015:Cypriot
20865:Dunging
20737:Demotic
20716:Tenevil
20660:Hittite
20655:Elamite
20608:Jurchen
20587:Sawndip
20582:Chữ Nôm
20482:Zapotec
20477:Yerkish
20452:Nsibidi
20437:Miꞌkmaw
20427:Isotype
20397:Adinkra
20338:Braille
20322:Zaghawa
20292:Vellara
20272:Sunuwar
20262:Sidetic
20257:Shavian
20185:Osmanya
20175:Ol Onal
20029:Kurrent
20014:Insular
20004:Fraktur
19979:Klingon
19969:Kaddare
19943:Archaic
19852:Elbasan
19840:Chinook
19830:Deseret
19818:Bosnian
19773:Avoiuli
19761:Avestan
19751:Ariyaka
19680:Tengwar
19578:Bharati
19539:Serawai
19529:Pasemah
19514:Lampung
19469:Lai Tay
19454:Tai Noi
19417:Sinhala
19397:Pallava
19365:Makasar
19353:Lontara
19328:Kulitan
19301:Kannada
19296:Kadamba
19286:Hanunoo
19276:Grantha
19271:Fakkham
19188:Tibetan
19173:Soyombo
19168:Siddhaṃ
19163:Sharada
19139:Litumol
19129:Tirhuta
19119:Ranjana
19104:Kvemmol
19064:Multani
19049:Marchen
19014:Kalinga
18954:Brahmic
18891:Sogdian
18830:Psalter
18810:Pahlavi
18790:Mandaic
18768:Cursive
18753:Elymaic
18724:Aramaic
18494:ancient
18470:Academy
18465:Revival
18404:Grammar
18281:missing
18021:Cursive
18011:Braille
17999:Scripts
17926:Mizrahi
17921:Italian
17833:History
17724:General
16882:Mishnah
16740:phoneme
16628:Yiddish
16600:plosive
16582:סְנוֹבּ
16377:letters
16373:Unicode
16337:is the
16111:aggadic
15768:
15748:
15728:
15701:
15638:
15618:
15590:
15563:
15544:
15525:
15468:
15403:
15384:
15365:
15346:
15327:
15283:
15264:
15209:
15183:
15152:
15132:
15069:
15041:
15022:
14986:
14967:
14942:
14914:
14890:
14877:
14857:
14829:
14816:
14796:
14777:
14758:
14730:
14690:
14651:
14610:precise
14604:Israeli
14594:regular
14588:Israeli
14565:
14523:
14481:
14431:
14339:
14297:
14251:ריצ׳רץ׳
14245:
14193:
14159:פִסְפֵס
14153:
14113:
14029:מוֹעִיל
14016:
13935:-parade
13913:
13873:
13833:
13793:
13753:
13684:
13644:
13608:/meˈda/
13555:
13508:
13453:
13411:
13319:
13267:
13227:
13170:
13130:
13083:
13034:
12989:
12976:
12934:
12920:/d͡ʒuk/
12882:
12869:
12827:
12787:
12747:
12698:
12625:
12565:
12555:example
12535:example
12515:example
12509:precise
12503:Israeli
12494:example
12488:regular
12482:Israeli
12468:example
12435:precise
12405:regular
12391:regular
12387:precise
12362:Yiddish
12330:ה׳תשע״ח
12290:
12277:
12262:
12249:
12234:
12221:
12206:
12193:
12178:
12165:
12150:
12137:
12124:
12109:
12096:
12083:
12068:
12055:
12042:
12027:
12014:
12001:
11890:Yiddish
11878:lenited
11839:Yiddish
11823:Symbol
11422:Samekh
10752:Aramaic
10724:Cursive
10685:Unicode
10537:
10522:Note I:
10316:English
10132:English
10112:Symbol
10039:waw/vav
10031:Note 4:
10008:Note 3:
9987:Note 2:
9982:Note 1:
9858:ther, l
9639:English
9616:Symbol
9605:/ieaou/
9574:
9558:
9530:shurúq
9497:waw/vav
9417:Name of
9348:waw/vav
9277:
9204:
9109:
9014:
8919:
8807:
8684:
8611:
8516:
8421:
8361:
8343:
8248:
8153:
8058:
7970:
7882:
7787:
7717:
7622:
7553:
7472:
7384:
7336:
7288:
7200:
7147:
7081:
7000:
6934:
6846:
6765:
6670:
6661:
6572:Israeli
6561:Symbol
6515:
6458:Náhuatl
6368:Semitic
6291:, 4:1)
6168:
6148:
6136:
6113:Tav-Sin
6109:
6089:
6076:
6049:
6037:
6011:
5994:
5968:
5956:
5923:
5910:
5884:
5867:
5784:
5771:
5756:Letters
5614:
5603:
5474:ת׳רסטון
5469:urston
5323:Symbol
5264:
5257:
5115:Symbol
4970:Mizrahi
4880:
4829:bet/vet
4812:Symbol
4798:Symbol
4735:plosive
4617:
4587:
4562:Symbol
4457:
4442:
4377:
4340:
4325:
4288:
4268:
4237:
4217:
4176:
4156:
4124:
4118:
4077:
4057:
4016:
4001:
3960:
3945:
3904:
3889:
3848:
3828:
3785:/ʔa.in/
3777:
3741:
3703:
3681:
3653:
3647:
3610:
3590:
3562:
3556:
3519:
3499:
3462:
3442:
3405:
3382:
3345:
3330:
3293:
3278:
3241:
3221:
3180:
3160:
3142:/tˤe̞θ/
3123:
3103:
3066:
3053:
3010:
2990:
2953:
2933:
2892:
2872:
2845:
2830:
2785:
2765:
2738:
2730:
2693:
2691:גִּימֵל
2673:
2632:
2617:
2576:
2556:
2529:/ˈɔlæf/
2524:/ʔalɛf/
2519:/ʔaləf/
2510:
2482:
2436:Yiddish
2415:Unicode
2349:pe-ayin
2339:pe-ayin
2333:ayin-pe
2319:pe-ayin
2313:, etc.
1957:Waw/Vav
1907:Unicode
1875:letters
1850:te'amim
1817:nequdot
1775:Yiddish
1749:Waw/Vav
1704:General
1595:Braille
1580:Cursive
1539:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1226:of the
1193:History
1177:or the
1069:Assyria
1065:Ashurit
1014:Yiddish
974:עִבְרִי
821:Saanich
797:Deseret
771:Mandaic
729:Sogdian
687:Avestan
678:Pahlavi
629:Tibetan
603:Pallava
596:Brahmic
576:Aramaic
450:Demotic
347:in the
326:Hebrew,
296:Unicode
260:Pahlavi
255:Mandaic
250:Elymaic
241:Edessan
140:Aramaic
124:Yiddish
22831:Syriac
22821:Hebrew
22347:Other
22220:People
22210:Braigo
22029:Korean
21897:Hebrew
21828:Telugu
21727:Arabic
21717:Arabic
21675:Kyrgyz
21668:Kazakh
21602:Danish
21500:Slovak
21493:Samoan
21472:Polish
21451:Navajo
21352:German
21345:French
21212:
21157:Yugtun
21147:Woleai
21097:Kpelle
21080:Sōgana
21000:Byblos
20778:Muisca
20696:Cretan
20665:Luwian
20623:Tangut
20442:Mixtec
20412:Dongba
20317:Yezidi
20307:Wancho
20282:Todhri
20235:Gothic
20215:Cipher
20156:Manchu
20146:Evenki
20131:Orkhon
20076:Manchu
20071:Lydian
20066:Lycian
20009:Gaelic
19959:Hanifi
19954:Hangul
19929:Gothic
19877:Fraser
19872:Fox II
19808:Coptic
19783:Carian
19766:Pazend
19739:Linear
19685:Thaana
19630:Sarati
19571:Others
19534:Rejang
19519:Lembak
19509:Incung
19489:Telugu
19444:Tai Le
19338:Langdi
19261:Chakma
19151:Karani
19124:Tamyig
19099:Kummol
19094:Himmol
19089:Golmol
19069:Nagari
19054:Meitei
19039:Lepcha
19024:Khojki
19009:Kaithi
18896:Syriac
18884:Musnad
18763:Ashuri
18758:Hebrew
18741:Elifba
18736:Arabic
18729:Hatran
18704:Abjads
18490:Hebrew
18417:Modern
18335:Geresh
18244:Mappiq
18239:Dagesh
18224:Kamatz
18169:Niqqud
18124:Samech
18016:Ashuri
17931:Syrian
17890:Modern
17690:
17660:
17629:
17621:
17586:
17568:
17560:
17407:
17166:
17028:
16939:
16839:
16831:
16595:dagesh
16590:/snov/
16586:/snob/
16414:QWERTY
16407:glyphs
16401:. The
16397:) and
16390:Niqqud
16055:Talmud
16024:חָרַפּ
16007:"shop"
16000:שׁוֹפּ
15966:/sχaχ/
15856:geresh
15588:צ׳, ץ׳
15262:כּ, ךּ
14918:silent
14734:silent
14636:
14621:
14266:ríčrač
14243:צ׳, ץ׳
14172:fisfés
14165:missed
14035:useful
13805:defect
13732:/sxax/
13703:skhakh
13690:סְכָךְ
13642:כּ, ךּ
13570:מֵידָע
13288:žargón
13279:jargon
13182:to him
13038:silent
12946:boiler
12726:rishón
12702:silent
12640:שָׁאַל
12545:
12525:
12425:Note:
12364:, and
12322:geresh
11984:letter
11974:letter
11964:letter
11954:Prague
11932:Jewish
11923:שלב ב׳
11917:שלב א׳
11573:Tsadi
11246:Lamed
11011:Zayin
10885:Dalet
10843:Gimel
10715:Block
10707:Block
10679:Letter
10663:, and
10560:niqqud
10326:Short
10070:, not
10025:shuruk
10022:, and
10019:mappiq
10013:dagesh
9961:Kubutz
9924:Shuruk
9840:, (or
9817:Kamatz
9779:Patach
9735:nguin
9722:Note 2
9710:( with
9601:niqqud
9596:Niqqud
9387:Letter
9312:Vowels
6548:Arabic
6494:dagesh
6490:geresh
6488:but a
6456:(like
6421:samekh
6409:samekh
6351:, and
6269:dagesh
6118:ts/tz
6041:Samekh
6002:dagesh
6000:(with
5935:Khaf*
5931:dagesh
5877:) Vet
5875:dagesh
5826:silent
5813:hiatus
5744:Israel
5720:geresh
5712:geresh
5704:Geresh
5378:Voiced
5098:geresh
5039:Geresh
4985:Syrian
4773:, and
4755:dagesh
4751:dagesh
4743:dagesh
4707:daleth
4699:gimmel
4675:Dagesh
4669:Dagesh
4256:/re̞ʃ/
4246:/ʁɛɪʃ/
3795:/ajin/
3790:/ajɪn/
3781:/ajin/
3701:סָמֶךְ
3694:Samekh
3538:/me̞m/
3085:/ħe̞θ/
2783:דָּלֶת
2736:גִימֵל
2655:/ve̞θ/
2645:/vɛɪz/
2641:/vɛɪs/
2599:/be̞θ/
2589:/bɛɪz/
2585:/bɛɪs/
2514:/alɛf/
2421:Hebrew
2390:letter
2377:, and
2101:Samech
1899:Arabic
1887:Hebrew
1855:niqqud
1837:poetry
1783:vowels
1771:niqqud
1724:Vowels
1358:Israel
1352:, the
1350:Karaim
1321:. The
1299:Israel
1258:Hebrew
1205:, and
1203:geresh
1112:niqqud
1024:, and
1018:Ladino
967:Hebrew
861:Gothic
855:Coptic
849:Lycian
815:Fraser
723:Syriac
707:Arabic
661:Hebrew
588:Brahmi
534:Thaana
528:Hangul
363:
307:Hebrew
245:Hatran
232:Syriac
128:Ladino
120:Hebrew
110:Israel
94:
22063:(GS8)
22054:Kanji
21912:Khmer
21890:Greek
21821:Tamil
21754:i.e.
21715:i.e.
21696:Tatar
21642:i.e.
21543:Welsh
21444:Māori
21401:Irish
21319:Dutch
21312:Czech
21122:Nüshu
20990:Bamum
20985:Afaka
20792:Other
20783:Roman
20768:Abjad
20691:Bagam
20592:Bowen
20577:Kanji
20572:Hanja
20560:small
20555:large
20462:Olmec
20432:Kaidā
20422:Emoji
20402:Aztec
20205:Runic
20180:Osage
20161:Oirat
20106:Ogham
20039:Sigla
19984:Latin
19939:Greek
19823:Early
19793:Cirth
19746:Adlam
19615:Geʽez
19610:Fox I
19474:Tamil
19333:Lanna
19316:Khmer
19306:Karen
19256:Buhid
19236:Batak
19193:Uchen
19183:Takri
19134:Limbu
19034:Laṇḍā
19019:Khema
18999:Gupta
18989:Dogri
18906:Serṭā
18879:Zabur
18864:Punic
18837:Pegon
18773:Rashi
18687:Types
18638:Lists
18602:Types
18504:Names
18480:Ulpan
18475:Study
18325:Meteg
18249:Maqaf
18229:Holam
18219:Pataḥ
18214:Segol
18209:Tzere
18204:Hiriq
18139:Tsadi
18109:Lamed
18084:Zayin
18069:Dalet
18064:Gimel
18006:Rashi
17627:S2CID
17488:(PDF)
17481:(PDF)
17331:7 1 (
17286:(PDF)
16863:2021.
16837:S2CID
16756:]
16752:[
16732:]
16728:[
16724:]
16720:[
16693:(see
16691:]
16687:[
16675:]
16671:[
16662:. In
16564:sofit
16562:in a
16490:maqaf
16482:Notes
16094:text
16074:Zohar
16064:, or
16004:/ʃop/
15957:/χam/
15834:]
15830:[
15779:Notes
15691:]
15687:[
15681:]
15677:[
15664:]
15660:[
15654:]
15650:[
15439:]
15435:[
15317:]
15313:[
15248:]
15244:[
15120:]
15116:[
15103:]
15099:[
15012:]
15008:[
15002:]
14998:[
14680:]
14676:[
14529:תּוּת
14469:/ʃam/
14443:there
14416:]
14412:[
14406:]
14402:[
14384:]
14380:[
14374:]
14370:[
14309:sound
14212:tsits
14119:טִיפּ
13978:]
13974:[
13933:Purim
13765:to me
13741:]
13737:[
13629:/e̞j/
13623:]
13619:[
13527:in me
13494:/jam/
13395:]
13391:[
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18079:Vav
18074:Hei
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17611:doi
17572:ff.
16821:doi
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16033:).
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11529:𐤐
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11445:𐤎
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11311:𐤌
11269:𐤋
11202:𐤊
11160:𐤉
11118:𐤈
11076:𐤇
11034:𐤆
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10629:ר״ת
10512:med
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10123:IPA
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9475:/ʕ/
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9471:/ʔ/
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9290:or
8690:d̪ˤ
8686:⟨ḍ⟩
8670:(2)
8659:(1)
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8638:t͡s
8627:t͡s
8618:צ ץ
8523:פ ף
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8065:מ ם
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7785:ـِي
7612:(3)
7605:(2)
7594:(1)
7352:o̞ː
7334:ـُو
6553:).
6517:in
6486:yud
6440:/ɬ/
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6385:/s/
6381:sin
6364:/q/
6357:qof
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6287:. (
6166:תשׁ
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4805:IPA
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1673:ISO
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1260:or
1234:1:1
1163:".
899:862
623:611
22848::
22773:90
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22752:20
22749:10
21152:Yi
18496:/
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18283:/
18279:/
17845:/
17625:.
17617:.
17607:38
17605:.
17601:.
17570:§5
17532:^
17463:^
17358:^
17351:ףּ
17325:ךּ
17312:^
17300:}}
17296:{{
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