239:
195:
205:
53:
227:
1697:
187:
403:
as they provide an indication of the size of each assessed house at the time. The numbers of hearths are generally proportional to the size of the house. The assessments can be used to indicate the numbers and local distribution of larger and smaller houses. Not every room had a hearth, and not all
282:
of many eras going back to prehistoric campsites and may be either lined with a wide range of materials, such as stone or left unlined. They were used for cooking, heating, and the processing of some stone, wood, faunal, and floral resources. Occasionally
329:. Although carbon dates can be negatively affected if the users of the hearth burned old wood or coal, the process is typically quite reliable. This was the most common way to cook, and to heat interior spaces in cool seasons.
355:(802–811) although its context implies that it was already then old and established, and perhaps it should be taken back to the 7th century AD. Kapnikon was a tax raised on households without exceptions for the poor.
156:; thus many homes built in the 20th and 21st centuries do not have hearths. Nonetheless, many homes still have hearths, which still help serve the purposes of warmth, cooking, and comfort.
96:, usually constituted by at least a horizontal hearthstone and often enclosed to varying degrees by any combination of reredos (a low, partial wall behind a hearth),
408:
has an ongoing project which places hearth tax data in a national framework by providing a series of standard bands of wealth applicable to each county and city.
163:
in the roof. In later designs which usually had a more solid and continuous roof, the hearth was instead placed to the side of the room and provided with a
159:
Before the industrial era, a common design was to place a hearth in the middle of the room as an open hearth, with the smoke rising through the room to a
3095:
1734:
3492:
3233:
2829:
321:
that has been deposited atop the hearth. Unlined hearths, which are less easily identified, may also include these materials. Because of the
3448:
2957:
128:
to a homeplace or household, as in the terms "hearth and home" and "keep the home fires burning". In the modern era, since the advent of
294:, often created when the heat from the fires inside the hearths chemically altered and cracked the stone. Often present are fragmented
3280:
2731:
287:
processes—e.g., farming or excavation—deform or disperse hearth features, making them difficult to identify without careful study.
1727:
469:
2858:
1764:
132:, hearths are usually less central to most people's daily life because the heating of the home is instead done by a
3589:
3065:
2952:
382:, and industrial hearths with the exception of smiths' forges and bakers' ovens. The returns were lodged with the
284:
3477:
2868:
1906:
1720:
325:
nature of most of these items, they can be used to pinpoint the date the hearth was last used via the process of
404:
houses of the same size had exactly the same number of hearths, so they are not an exact measure of house size.
683:
653:
633:
358:
In
England, a tax on hearths was introduced on 19 May 1662. Householders were required to pay a charge of two
3090:
2620:
1880:
1948:
3085:
2625:
2098:
1594:
1774:
415:. The most informative returns, many of which have been published, occur between 1662–1666 and 1669–1674.
2051:
1424:
374:, those whose houses were worth less than 20 shillings a year and those who paid neither church nor poor
170:
In fireplace design, the hearth is the part of the fireplace where the fire burns, usually consisting of
3353:
3154:
3159:
2974:
1267:
396:
in 1689 and the last collection was for Lady Day of that year. It was abolished in
Scotland in 1690.
314:
3348:
2440:
1985:
1606:
1532:
1404:
1046:
2512:
2507:
238:
3465:
3375:
2547:
2314:
2133:
2066:
1798:
990:
352:
133:
17:
3553:
3427:
3033:
2924:
2912:
2608:
2349:
2188:
1825:
1759:
1743:
1611:
501:
393:
3292:
3228:
3102:
2795:
2721:
2495:
2490:
2428:
2367:
2304:
2252:
2245:
1791:
1547:
1351:
1326:
892:
786:
446:
405:
400:
279:
275:
2677:
453:, the home hearth, is a spiritual link between past, present, and future generations of the
3558:
3509:
3504:
3487:
3482:
3460:
3250:
2964:
2817:
2709:
2613:
2406:
2091:
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1833:
1616:
1392:
1122:
975:
442:
traditions, every house was expected to have a hearth for offering sacrifices and prayers.
412:
371:
2061:
389:
A revision of the Act in 1664 made the tax payable by all who had more than two chimneys.
8:
3594:
3548:
3213:
3018:
2851:
2384:
2257:
2138:
2113:
1589:
1397:
33:
375:
3499:
3402:
3304:
3117:
2299:
2029:
1995:
1522:
1377:
1235:
1036:
676:
496:
383:
326:
259:
219:
37:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3470:
3127:
3045:
2339:
2324:
2309:
2289:
2180:
2159:
1970:
1813:
1414:
1321:
1127:
649:
629:
546:
432:
291:
247:
243:
214:
411:
Published lists are available of many returns and the original documents are in the
204:
194:
3536:
3443:
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2689:
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2118:
2078:
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1439:
1154:
907:
344:
322:
175:
67:
3028:
2984:
3417:
3387:
3149:
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1843:
1409:
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1017:
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424:
129:
3526:
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3171:
3060:
2932:
2640:
2225:
2215:
2036:
2017:
1701:
1559:
1419:
1240:
1108:
1056:
1022:
1010:
1005:
876:
871:
439:
153:
117:
52:
661:
3599:
3583:
3412:
3397:
3343:
3321:
3218:
3206:
3122:
2991:
2873:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2522:
2433:
2362:
2103:
2046:
2024:
1933:
1865:
1860:
1838:
1429:
1346:
1286:
1198:
1169:
841:
803:
757:
669:
209:
141:
1953:
612:
The Hearth Tax, other later Stuart Tax Lists, and the
Association Oath Rolls
218:
first published in 1794. This version of the print is currently held by the
124:, usually its central and most important feature, that the concept has been
3331:
3287:
3268:
3223:
3023:
2947:
2704:
2699:
2655:
2282:
2164:
2128:
2108:
1960:
1938:
1850:
1579:
1449:
1336:
1331:
1301:
1281:
1174:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1113:
1065:
1060:
955:
815:
3380:
226:
3370:
3360:
3316:
3311:
3263:
3201:
3164:
3137:
3038:
3008:
2883:
2805:
2726:
2714:
2475:
2460:
2450:
2421:
2379:
2294:
2262:
2210:
2143:
1980:
1855:
1712:
1672:
1657:
1469:
1306:
1222:
1213:
1193:
1164:
1098:
769:
762:
747:
732:
727:
717:
704:
306:
271:
44:
567:
468:
Hearth is also a term for a family unit, or local worship group, in the
3514:
3407:
3365:
3181:
3144:
3107:
3003:
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2502:
2329:
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2123:
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1786:
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1387:
1356:
1341:
1291:
1260:
927:
912:
742:
722:
712:
521:
379:
363:
338:
171:
160:
648:. 2nd impression with corrections. ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1989. 154.
27:
Place for a fire to heat the home and to cook food, usually of masonry
3422:
3191:
3176:
2774:
2759:
2684:
2667:
2585:
2470:
2411:
2401:
2396:
2319:
2198:
2086:
2012:
1779:
1769:
1489:
1434:
1372:
1276:
1178:
1088:
1031:
970:
943:
902:
774:
531:
506:
242:
This 1889 cookbook has an illustration of the hearth in the house of
97:
3196:
3132:
2979:
2937:
2672:
2580:
2455:
2277:
2240:
2220:
1647:
1642:
1601:
1564:
1554:
1464:
1271:
1250:
1227:
1203:
1188:
1078:
934:
922:
836:
791:
491:
458:
367:
359:
310:
231:
186:
43:"Hearth room" redirects here. For the album by Frost Children, see
450:
3258:
3050:
2996:
2942:
2764:
2570:
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2334:
2235:
2193:
2056:
1975:
1928:
1916:
1503:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1311:
1296:
1255:
1245:
1083:
1041:
965:
897:
866:
848:
820:
752:
594:
Byzantium in the
Seventh Century: the Transformation of a Culture
541:
526:
511:
486:
462:
164:
145:
125:
109:
105:
93:
32:
This article is about home hearths. For industrial hearths, see
3326:
2863:
2841:
2694:
2630:
2575:
1965:
1911:
1885:
1626:
1498:
1183:
1159:
1132:
1093:
1027:
985:
938:
861:
854:
810:
737:
481:
428:
378:. Also exempt were charitable institutions such as schools and
303:
299:
266:, referring to burning, heat, and fire (seen also in the word
3392:
3112:
2846:
2800:
2662:
2517:
2465:
2041:
2007:
1569:
1537:
1527:
1507:
1382:
1316:
1073:
1000:
995:
779:
696:
536:
516:
454:
370:. Exemptions to the tax were granted, to those in receipt of
198:
137:
113:
76:
73:
3338:
3299:
2779:
2635:
2565:
2485:
2357:
1870:
1677:
1662:
1621:
1574:
1542:
1517:
1512:
1459:
980:
960:
692:
318:
295:
149:
121:
120:. For millennia, the hearth was such an integral part of a
101:
89:
85:
2650:
2416:
2374:
362:
per annum for each hearth, with half the payment due at
431:
is the goddess of the hearth, while in Roman mythology
290:
Lined hearths are easily identified by the presence of
92:
is or was traditionally kept for home heating and for
313:, ash, and other waste products, all embedded in a
70:
174:masonry at floor level or higher, underneath the
3581:
351:was first explicitly mentioned for the reign of
691:
568:"*ker- | Etymology of root *ker- by etymonline"
628:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2004. 202.
190:Late medieval tile hearth and associated floor
1728:
677:
1742:
1735:
1721:
684:
670:
181:
614:. Federation of Family History Societies.
605:
603:
418:
237:
225:
203:
193:
185:
51:
14:
3582:
591:
2906:
2545:
1811:
1716:
665:
600:
585:
140:, and cooking is instead done with a
2907:
399:Hearth tax records are important to
246:, who wrote the best-selling song "
199:Japanese traditional hearth (Irori)
24:
609:
278:of any period. Hearths are common
108:. Hearths are usually composed of
25:
3611:
2859:Megalithic architectural elements
274:, a hearth is a firepit or other
212:'s illustrations to his mythical
2546:
1696:
1695:
438:In ancient Persia, according to
66:
3478:Evolutionary origin of religion
626:Handbook of classical mythology
638:
618:
560:
234:mansion, Voorburg, Netherlands
230:Dutch style kitchen hearth in
13:
1:
3091:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2621:British megalith architecture
596:. Cambridge University Press.
553:
332:
3086:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2626:Nordic megalith architecture
56:Hearth with cooking utensils
7:
646:A history of Zoroastrianism
475:
461:to the family today and to
10:
3616:
3234:British Isles and Brittany
3155:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
347:a tax on hearths known as
336:
208:A cauldron over a fire in
42:
31:
3436:
3249:
3076:
2923:
2919:
2902:
2788:
2752:
2601:
2558:
2554:
2541:
2348:
2179:
2152:
2077:
2003:
1994:
1899:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1750:
1691:
1635:
1448:
1365:
1212:
1055:
885:
829:
703:
392:The tax was abolished by
1405:Multi-family residential
592:Haldon, John F. (1997).
3590:Archaeological features
3466:Evolutionary musicology
2869:Oldest extant buildings
2796:Archaeological features
2315:Prepared-core technique
549:– Goddess of the hearth
386:between 1662 and 1688.
182:Archaeological features
3428:Unchambered long cairn
3276:Mound Builders culture
2609:Neolithic architecture
1744:Prehistoric technology
502:Firebox (architecture)
251:
235:
223:
201:
191:
57:
3103:List of Stone Age art
2305:Microblade technology
2253:Langdale axe industry
1851:Ard / plough
447:Albanian folk beliefs
419:Religion and folklore
406:Roehampton University
241:
229:
207:
197:
189:
55:
3510:Prehistoric medicine
3505:Prehistoric counting
3488:Prehistoric religion
3483:Paleolithic religion
3461:Behavioral modernity
2818:Causewayed enclosure
2710:Abri de la Madeleine
1834:Neolithic Revolution
624:Hansen, William F..
413:Public Record Office
144:/range (combination
126:generalized to refer
84:) is the place in a
3549:Prehistoric warfare
2295:Magdalenian culture
2258:Levallois technique
2189:Earliest toolmaking
851: / Guest room
435:has the same role.
34:open hearth furnace
3500:Origin of language
3493:Spiritual drug use
3403:Rectangular dolmen
3305:Dartmoor kistvaens
3118:Carved stone balls
2830:Circular enclosure
2789:Other architecture
2732:Alp pile dwellings
2320:Solutrean industry
2231:Gravettian culture
1881:Secondary products
1327:Servants' quarters
572:www.etymonline.com
384:Clerk of the Peace
327:radiocarbon dating
260:Indo-European root
252:
236:
224:
220:Fitzwilliam Museum
202:
192:
152:) alongside other
58:
38:industrial furnace
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3522:Prehistoric music
3471:music archaeology
3128:Cup and ring mark
2953:Clothing/textiles
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2340:Yubetsu technique
2325:Striking platform
2290:Lithic technology
2175:
2174:
2160:Game drive system
2079:Projectile points
1971:Mortar and pestle
1710:
1709:
1128:Janitorial closet
862:Bedsit / Miniflat
292:fire-cracked rock
276:fireplace feature
248:Home! Sweet Home!
244:John Howard Payne
215:Europe a Prophecy
104:, smoke hood, or
16:(Redirected from
3607:
3537:Divje Babe flute
3444:Archaeoastronomy
3187:Petrosomatoglyph
2921:
2920:
2904:
2903:
2753:Water management
2556:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2446:Denticulate tool
2268:Lithic reduction
2001:
2000:
1822:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1698:
1668:Home improvement
1440:Studio apartment
1232:Kitchen-related
908:Conversation pit
695:and spaces of a
686:
679:
672:
663:
662:
656:
642:
636:
622:
616:
615:
610:Gibson, Jeremy.
607:
598:
597:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
564:
470:Heathen religion
401:local historians
345:Byzantine Empire
258:derives from an
176:fireplace mantel
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
21:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3565:
3432:
3418:Stone box grave
3388:Megalithic tomb
3293:Cotswold-Severn
3245:
3150:Guardian stones
3078:Prehistoric art
3072:
2915:
2890:
2879:Timber trackway
2784:
2748:
2744:Wattle and daub
2597:
2576:Standing stones
2550:
2529:
2344:
2171:
2148:
2073:
1990:
1900:Food processing
1895:
1844:New World crops
1816:
1803:
1746:
1741:
1711:
1706:
1702:Category: Rooms
1687:
1631:
1452:
1444:
1410:Secondary suite
1361:
1236:butler's pantry
1208:
1151:Mechanical room
1104:Electrical room
1063:
1051:
881:
825:
799:Recreation room
699:
690:
660:
659:
643:
639:
623:
619:
608:
601:
590:
586:
576:
574:
566:
565:
561:
556:
478:
445:In traditional
425:Greek mythology
421:
341:
335:
184:
154:home appliances
130:central heating
69:
65:
50:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3613:
3603:
3602:
3597:
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3574:
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3567:
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3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Alligator drum
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:lunar calendar
3451:
3440:
3438:
3437:Other cultural
3434:
3433:
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3430:
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3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
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3309:
3308:
3307:
3297:
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3295:
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3283:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3241:Venus figurine
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:Megalithic art
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3123:Cave paintings
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
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2972:
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2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:Material goods
2917:
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2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2641:Cliff dwelling
2638:
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2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2605:
2603:
2599:
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2500:
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2437:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Fire hardening
2223:
2218:
2216:Clovis culture
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2139:Manis Mastodon
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:throwing stick
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1496:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Servants' hall
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1111:
1109:Equipment room
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1025:
1023:Secret passage
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
952:
951:
941:
932:
931:
930:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
846:
845:
844:
833:
831:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
807:
806:
796:
795:
794:
784:
783:
782:
772:
767:
766:
765:
760:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
707:
701:
700:
689:
688:
681:
674:
666:
658:
657:
637:
617:
599:
584:
558:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
477:
474:
420:
417:
337:Main article:
334:
331:
285:site formation
183:
180:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3612:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Simple dolmen
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Passage grave
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:Gallery grave
3342:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:Burial mounds
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Statue menhir
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3207:Stone carving
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:Sewing needle
3044:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Timber circle
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:Tor enclosure
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2811:fulacht fiadh
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:spear-thrower
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:Bow and arrow
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Grinding slab
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Domestication
1864:
1862:
1861:Digging stick
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Founder crops
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:New Stone Age
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:Architectural
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Semi-detached
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Swimming pool
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Great chamber
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Wiring closet
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Semi-basement
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
856:
853:
852:
850:
847:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:Private rooms
828:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
805:
804:billiard room
802:
801:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
771:
768:
764:
761:
759:
758:dirty kitchen
756:
755:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
682:
680:
675:
673:
668:
667:
664:
655:
651:
647:
644:Boyce, Mary.
641:
635:
631:
627:
621:
613:
606:
604:
595:
588:
573:
569:
563:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
473:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
397:
395:
390:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
340:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
249:
245:
240:
233:
228:
221:
217:
216:
211:
210:William Blake
206:
200:
196:
188:
179:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:kitchen stove
139:
136:or a heating
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
63:
54:
48:
47:
39:
35:
30:
19:
3354:wedge-shaped
3339:Funeral pyre
3332:Great dolmen
3288:Chamber tomb
3269:Round barrow
3224:Stone circle
3096:Blombos Cave
3024:Grooved ware
2948:Chalcolithic
2852:Thornborough
2770:Flush toilet
2705:Blombos Cave
2700:Rock shelter
2656:Quiggly hole
2548:Architecture
2523:illustration
2165:Buffalo jump
1986:Storage pits
1949:Aşıklı Höyük
1943:
1939:Ground stone
1775:Subdivisions
1580:Roof lantern
1332:Smoking room
1302:Long gallery
1282:Drawing room
1268:Conservatory
1175:Storm cellar
1146:Storage room
1142:Utility room
1138:Laundry room
1114:Furnace room
948:
705:Shared rooms
645:
640:
625:
620:
611:
593:
587:
575:. Retrieved
571:
562:
467:
444:
437:
422:
410:
398:
391:
388:
366:and half at
357:
353:Nikephorus I
348:
342:
289:
267:
263:
255:
253:
213:
169:
158:
61:
59:
45:
29:
3376:unchambered
3371:Long barrow
3361:Grave goods
3317:Court cairn
3312:Clava cairn
3264:Bowl barrow
3202:Rock cupule
3145:Golden hats
3138:Hill figure
3039:Unstan ware
3019:Cord-marked
2884:Sweet Track
2806:Burnt mound
2727:Stilt house
2715:Sibudu Cave
2508:Tally stick
2476:Quern-stone
2461:Hammerstone
2451:Fire plough
2422:Pesse canoe
2380:Bannerstone
2350:Other tools
2263:Lithic core
2211:Aurignacian
2099:Bare Island
1981:Quern-stone
1673:Home repair
1470:Belt course
1378:Hidden room
1307:Lumber room
1223:Antechamber
1214:Great house
1194:Wine cellar
1165:Root cellar
1118:Boiler room
1099:Crawl space
770:Living room
763:kitchenette
748:Home cinema
733:Family room
728:Dining room
718:Common room
577:25 February
463:descendants
440:Zoroastrian
394:William III
372:poor relief
272:archaeology
46:Hearth Room
3595:Fireplaces
3584:Categories
3515:trepanning
3408:Ring cairn
3366:Jar burial
3349:transepted
3281:U.S. sites
3182:Petroglyph
3108:Bird stone
3066:wine press
2739:Stone roof
2722:Roundhouse
2614:long house
2591:Stonehenge
2559:Ceremonial
2503:Stone tool
2330:Tool stone
2300:Metallurgy
2204:Mousterian
2181:Toolmaking
2119:Cumberland
2092:Transverse
2062:Schöningen
1954:Qesem cave
1922:Earth oven
1876:Irrigation
1787:Technology
1755:Prehistory
1683:Tree house
1653:Front yard
1585:Sill plate
1533:Foundation
1475:Bressummer
1388:house plan
1357:Undercroft
1342:State room
1292:Great hall
1261:still room
928:dumbwaiter
913:Cubby-hole
743:Great room
713:Bonus room
654:9004088474
634:1576072266
554:References
522:Hall house
497:Cook stove
465:tomorrow.
457:, linking
380:almshouses
364:Michaelmas
339:Hearth tax
333:Hearth tax
304:carbonized
172:fire brick
161:smoke hole
3559:symbolism
3423:Tor cairn
3381:Grønsalen
3322:Cremation
3214:Sculpture
3192:Pictogram
3177:Petroform
2997:amber use
2965:Cosmetics
2775:Reservoir
2760:Check dam
2690:Pueblitos
2685:Pit-house
2668:Longhouse
2602:Dwellings
2471:Microlith
2402:Bow drill
2397:Bone tool
2390:prismatic
2199:Acheulean
2114:Cresswell
2087:Arrowhead
2013:Boomerang
1929:Granaries
1891:Terracing
1770:Stone Age
1607:Threshold
1490:Colonnade
1435:Townhouse
1373:Furniture
1277:Courtyard
1179:Safe room
1089:Cloakroom
1057:Technical
1047:Vestibule
1032:Staircase
971:Inglenook
944:Fireplace
903:Breezeway
775:Gynaeceum
532:Inglenook
507:Fireplace
459:ancestors
360:shillings
254:The word
98:fireplace
3197:Rock art
3160:painting
3133:Geoglyph
2958:timeline
2938:Beadwork
2678:Mehrgarh
2673:Mudbrick
2581:megalith
2456:Fire-saw
2278:debitage
2273:analysis
2241:Hand axe
2221:Cupstone
1799:Glossary
1760:Timeline
1648:Driveway
1643:Backyard
1602:Skylight
1565:Plumbing
1560:Ornament
1555:Lighting
1465:Baluster
1453:elements
1425:Detached
1420:Terraced
1272:Orangery
1251:scullery
1228:Ballroom
1204:Workshop
1189:Wardrobe
1177: /
1144: /
1140: /
1116: /
1079:Basement
1011:sleeping
1006:screened
991:Overhang
935:Entryway
923:Elevator
837:Bathroom
792:man cave
492:Buttumak
476:See also
368:Lady Day
349:kapnikon
315:sequence
311:charcoal
280:features
232:Hofwijck
112:such as
88:where a
3554:Symbols
3165:pigment
3051:Weaving
3014:Cardium
3009:Pottery
3004:Mirrors
2992:Jewelry
2933:Baskets
2913:culture
2765:Cistern
2571:Pyramid
2513:Weapons
2491:Scraper
2481:Racloir
2441:Cleaver
2429:Chopper
2335:Uniface
2246:Grooves
2236:Hafting
2194:Oldowan
2153:Systems
2104:Cascade
2067:woomera
2057:harpoon
2030:history
1996:Hunting
1976:Pottery
1917:Cooking
1826:Farming
1792:history
1765:Outline
1636:Related
1612:Transom
1504:Cornice
1494:Portico
1485:Chimney
1480:Ceiling
1312:Parlour
1297:Library
1256:spicery
1246:saucery
1241:buttery
1084:Carport
1066:storage
1061:utility
1042:Veranda
1037:Terrace
966:Hallway
898:Balcony
877:Nursery
872:Cabinet
867:Boudoir
849:Bedroom
821:Sunroom
753:Kitchen
542:Kitchen
527:Hibachi
512:Firepit
487:Brazier
343:In the
323:organic
302:bones,
165:chimney
146:cooktop
134:furnace
110:masonry
106:chimney
94:cooking
18:Hearths
3532:flutes
3327:Dolmen
3251:Burial
3061:winery
3034:Linear
2864:Midden
2842:Cursus
2835:Goseck
2695:Pueblo
2646:Dugout
2631:Burdei
2310:Mining
2134:Lamoka
2129:Folsom
2109:Clovis
1966:Metate
1944:Hearth
1912:Basket
1886:Sickle
1700:
1658:Garden
1627:Window
1570:Quoins
1548:Portal
1499:Column
1415:Duplex
1393:styles
1352:Turret
1184:Studio
1160:Pantry
1133:Larder
1123:Garage
1094:Closet
1028:Stairs
986:Loggia
949:hearth
939:Genkan
893:Atrium
886:Spaces
855:closet
842:toilet
811:Shrine
787:Andron
738:Garret
652:
632:
482:Agungi
449:, the
429:Hestia
300:animal
270:). In
268:carbon
256:hearth
62:hearth
3449:sites
3393:Mummy
3113:Cairn
3029:Jōmon
2980:shoes
2975:Hides
2847:Henge
2801:Broch
2663:Jacal
2518:Wheel
2466:Knife
2412:Canoe
2407:Burin
2385:Blade
2283:flake
2144:Plano
2052:baton
2042:Spear
2008:Arrow
1961:Manos
1814:Tools
1617:Vault
1590:Style
1538:Gable
1528:Floor
1508:Eaves
1398:types
1383:House
1366:Other
1337:Solar
1317:Sauna
1216:areas
1155:floor
1074:Attic
1001:Porch
996:Patio
976:Lanai
956:Foyer
816:Study
780:harem
697:house
693:Rooms
547:Vesta
537:Irori
517:Forge
455:tribe
451:Vatër
433:Vesta
376:rates
307:shell
264:*ker-
138:stove
118:stone
114:brick
3600:Home
3542:gudi
3300:Cist
3229:list
3056:Wine
2985:Ötzi
2970:Glue
2943:Beds
2911:and
2909:Arts
2780:Well
2636:Cave
2566:Kiva
2496:side
2486:Rope
2434:tool
2368:bone
2358:Adze
2124:Eden
2037:Nets
1907:Fire
1871:Goad
1856:Celt
1678:Shed
1663:Home
1622:Wall
1595:list
1575:Roof
1543:Gate
1518:Door
1513:Dome
1460:Arch
1064:and
1018:Ramp
981:Loft
961:Hall
918:Deck
650:ISBN
630:ISBN
579:2024
319:soil
298:and
296:fish
150:oven
148:and
122:home
102:oven
90:fire
86:home
36:and
2651:Hut
2586:row
2417:Oar
2375:Axe
2363:Awl
1523:Ell
723:Den
423:In
317:of
116:or
74:ɑːr
3586::
1506:/
1492:/
1270:/
1153:/
1059:,
602:^
570:.
472:.
427:,
309:,
262:,
250:".
178:.
167:.
100:,
60:A
1736:e
1729:t
1722:v
1030:/
937:/
685:e
678:t
671:v
581:.
222:.
80:/
77:θ
71:h
68:/
64:(
49:.
40:.
20:)
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