29:
266:
213:
indicate abnormal or excessive fat growth that presents an upcoming future health risk. A rough measure of obesity among the population is the body mass index (BMI), a person’s weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). A person with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered
132:
A further 4.2% of all deaths, or 52 per 100,000 persons, were due to external causes, mainly accidents and injuries. This is the most common cause of death for men under 45, accounting for nearly 31% of all deaths in this demographic group. This is also five times more than for women in the same age
186:
A blanket ban on smoking in public places was introduced on 15 November 2010, with a penalty fine of up to 500 zlotys. Smoking is effectively banned on public transport, transport stops and stations, schools and universities, workplaces, sports arenas, and other public places. Owners of pubs,
48:, life expectancy at birth decreased significantly in 2020 and 2021. Compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019, in 2021 it was 2.3 years lower for males and 2.1 years lower for females. This trend was reversed in 2022, although life expectancy at birth was still 0.7 years lower than in 2019.
325:
Enrollment in private health insurance schemes is an increasingly popular practice in Poland, further popularized in recent years by the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end of the third quarter of 2023, 4.69 million people in Poland had private health insurance, up 15% year-on-year, with a total
326:
capitalization of 1.1745 billion PLN ($ 279 million), up nearly 34% year-on-year. In total, Polish people pay nearly 10 billion PLN ($ 2.38 billion) a year on private healthcare, according to a report by INFARMA, an association of pharmaceutical companies.
167:
alcohol abuse is responsible for the loss of 9.5 years of lives for men and 1.7 years of lives for women. Average alcohol consumption is 10.7 liters per person/year, which is slightly higher than the
European average of 10.2
148:
Polish population health status and health inequalities combine with many health determinants, including living and working conditions, environmental health, and behavioral risk factors.
322:, in both the public and private sectors, amounted to 6.7% of GDP, compared to 9.2% on average in the OECD, with the absolute per-capita amount increasing by over 33% since 2019.
238:. Once considered a problem only in high-income countries, overweight and obesity are now dramatically rising in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings.
190:
Smoking rooms, called ‘palarnia’ in Polish, are permitted, but it is not permitted to serve food in them. Municipalities may extend the ban to places such as parks and bus stops.
315:). The health insurance contribution currently amounts to 9% of individual income. These deductions are the primary source of funding for public and universal health insurance.
997:
969:
974:
171:
overweight and obesity are responsible for 9.6 years lost in general. The problem of overweight and obesity exists among 62 – 68% of men and 46 – 60% of women
156:
The
National Health Situation Report 2016 points smoking, alcohol abuse and overweight/obesity as the main factors contributing to years of life lost in the
1022:
954:
992:
198:
The average consumption of alcohol in 2015 was 19.8 liters per year for men and 5.8 liters per year for women. Beer is consumed much more than wine.
250:
The male 18+ obesity prevalence in Poland between 1997 and 2016 increased from 14.8% to 23.7%, increasing at an average annual rate of 2.51%.
375:
411:
671:
83:
in Poland was 937 people per 100,000 of the population, up from 869 people per 100,000 of the population in 2019 due to the
52:
799:
729:
636:
40:
in Poland was 77.12 years, 73.4 for male and 81.1 for female, ranking it 21 in the EU region in 2021, according to
288:
296:
374:
Potyra, Maciej; Góral-Radziszewska, Katarzyna; Waśkiewicz, Kamil; Gawińska-Drużba, Emilia, eds. (28 July 2023).
609:
518:
157:
936:
749:
774:
281:
64:
245:
From 1997 to 2016, the female 18+ obesity prevalence in Poland increased extensively from 18.1 to 22.2%.
28:
664:
468:
265:
1043:
1012:
964:
861:
856:
241:
In 2016, female obesity prevalence in Poland was 22.2%, while male obesity prevalence reached 23.7%.
271:
183:
Smoking itself causes the loss of 13.1% of lives, where behavioral factors take away 36% of lives.
84:
68:
821:
304:
231:
100:
921:
657:
284:
260:
60:
490:
891:
851:
831:
811:
714:
308:
504:
136:
In 2021, another nearly 18% of all deaths, or 193 per 100,000 persons, were caused by the
8:
1002:
826:
112:
56:
1007:
906:
901:
876:
734:
187:
restaurants, and other public spots are obliged to place a visible ‘No
Smoking’ sign.
931:
881:
841:
794:
789:
779:
764:
759:
754:
739:
724:
719:
709:
704:
699:
694:
586:
561:
386:
382:
223:
45:
1017:
959:
926:
916:
896:
886:
866:
846:
816:
784:
769:
744:
680:
419:
319:
51:
Overall, the life expectancy in Poland has increased in the last three decades of
911:
836:
806:
373:
300:
37:
164:
smoking takes away 18.6 years of life from men and 7.9 years of life from women;
292:
96:
80:
1037:
390:
214:
obese. A person who has a BMI of 25 or above 25 is deemed to be overweight.
424:
122:
Cardiovascular diseases: almost 35% of all deaths; 359 per 100,000 persons,
446:
544:
215:
206:
140:, with over 89% of these deaths among people aged 60 years or older.
649:
415:
299:
countries, as well as citizens of select other countries, have the
227:
137:
104:
41:
612:[Nearly 4.7 million Poles have private health insurance].
219:
210:
128:
Respiratory diseases: 5.4% of all deaths; 58 per 100,000 persons.
235:
108:
125:
Neoplasms: almost 20% of all deaths; 217 per 100,000 persons,
118:
In 2021, they were responsible for almost 60% of all deaths:
610:"Blisko 4,7 mln Polaków ma prywatne ubezpieczenie zdrowotne"
521:[Financing the treatment of foreigners in Poland].
525:(in Polish). Ministerstwo Zdrowia . 17 January 2018
180:The legal age for buying tobacco or alcohol is 18.
1035:
562:"Health resources - Health spending - OECD Data"
412:"Life expectancy by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"
665:
519:"Finansowanie leczenia cudzoziemców w Polsce"
32:Life expectancy at birth in Poland, 1960–2022
23:
672:
658:
151:
423:
276:is the national health insurer of Poland.
264:
27:
634:
607:
376:"Life expectancy tables of Poland 2022"
291:in which all people insured in Poland,
1036:
193:
653:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
679:
556:
554:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
13:
90:
74:
14:
1055:
608:Wereska, Marta (4 January 2024).
551:
471:. Life in Poland. 9 February 2015
385:, Demographic Survey Department.
336:
301:right to access public healthcare
505:"World Data Atlas POLAND Health"
491:"World Data Atlas POLAND HEALTH"
254:
222:are major risk factors for many
95:In Poland, the main established
18:
637:"Ochrona Zdrowia w Polsce 2020"
628:
601:
579:
469:"Alcohol Consumption in Poland"
143:
537:
511:
497:
483:
461:
439:
404:
1:
614:PIU — Polska Izba Ubezpieczeń
329:
313:Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia; NFZ
158:disability-adjusted life year
7:
318:As of 2022, Poland's total
10:
1060:
289:compulsory insurance model
258:
201:
175:
44:data. As a result of the
983:
945:
687:
57:fall of communism in 1989
272:Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia
85:COVID-19 pandemic deaths
69:democratic consolidation
65:Polish People's Republic
38:life expectancy at birth
24:Life expectancy at birth
307:, and organized by the
232:cardiovascular diseases
152:Behavioral risk factors
101:cardiovascular diseases
730:Bosnia and Herzegovina
425:10.2908/demo_r_mlifexp
312:
277:
33:
635:Bogusławski, Stefan.
545:"Personal Income Tax"
285:universal health care
268:
261:Health care in Poland
61:democratic transition
53:modern Polish history
31:
587:"Health Expenditure"
309:National Health Fund
303:, guaranteed by the
113:respiratory diseases
946:States with limited
449:. Krakow Info. 2019
447:"Smoking in Krakow"
305:Polish constitution
194:Alcohol consumption
59:and the subsequent
320:health expenditure
280:Poland operates a
278:
67:and culminated in
34:
1031:
1030:
681:Health in Europe
383:Statistics Poland
46:COVID-19 pandemic
1051:
1044:Health in Poland
984:Dependencies and
688:Sovereign states
674:
667:
660:
651:
650:
644:
643:
641:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
605:
599:
598:
596:
594:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
558:
549:
548:
541:
535:
534:
532:
530:
515:
509:
508:
501:
495:
494:
487:
481:
480:
478:
476:
465:
459:
458:
456:
454:
443:
437:
436:
434:
432:
427:
408:
402:
401:
399:
397:
380:
371:
287:system based on
224:chronic diseases
97:causes of deaths
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1027:
985:
979:
965:Northern Cyprus
947:
941:
862:North Macedonia
683:
678:
648:
647:
639:
633:
629:
619:
617:
606:
602:
592:
590:
585:
584:
580:
570:
568:
560:
559:
552:
543:
542:
538:
528:
526:
517:
516:
512:
503:
502:
498:
489:
488:
484:
474:
472:
467:
466:
462:
452:
450:
445:
444:
440:
430:
428:
410:
409:
405:
395:
393:
378:
372:
337:
332:
282:publicly-funded
263:
257:
204:
196:
178:
154:
146:
93:
91:Causes of death
77:
75:Mortality rates
63:that ended the
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1057:
1047:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
986:other entities
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
937:United Kingdom
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
750:Czech Republic
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
689:
685:
684:
677:
676:
669:
662:
654:
646:
645:
627:
600:
578:
550:
536:
510:
496:
482:
460:
438:
403:
334:
333:
331:
328:
259:Main article:
256:
253:
252:
251:
247:
246:
203:
200:
195:
192:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
165:
153:
150:
145:
142:
130:
129:
126:
123:
92:
89:
81:mortality rate
76:
73:
25:
22:
20:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1056:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Faroe Islands
996:
994:
991:
990:
988:
982:
976:
973:
971:
970:South Ossetia
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:Liechtenstein
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
686:
682:
675:
670:
668:
663:
661:
656:
655:
652:
638:
631:
615:
611:
604:
588:
582:
567:
563:
557:
555:
546:
540:
524:
520:
514:
506:
500:
492:
486:
470:
464:
448:
442:
426:
421:
417:
413:
407:
392:
388:
384:
377:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
335:
327:
323:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
275:
273:
267:
262:
255:Health system
249:
248:
244:
243:
242:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
208:
199:
191:
188:
184:
181:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
159:
149:
141:
139:
134:
127:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
88:
86:
82:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
47:
43:
39:
30:
19:Health status
16:
975:Transnistria
871:
630:
618:. Retrieved
613:
603:
591:. Retrieved
581:
569:. Retrieved
565:
539:
527:. Retrieved
522:
513:
499:
485:
473:. Retrieved
463:
451:. Retrieved
441:
429:. Retrieved
406:
394:. Retrieved
324:
317:
279:
270:
240:
226:, including
205:
197:
189:
185:
182:
179:
155:
147:
144:Risk factors
135:
131:
117:
94:
78:
50:
36:As of 2022,
35:
15:
1013:Isle of Man
948:recognition
922:Switzerland
857:Netherlands
620:25 February
616:(in Polish)
593:25 February
571:25 February
529:25 February
431:25 February
396:25 February
892:San Marino
852:Montenegro
832:Luxembourg
812:Kazakhstan
715:Azerbaijan
381:. Warsaw:
379:(PDF,XLSX)
330:References
216:Overweight
207:Overweight
55:since the
1003:Gibraltar
827:Lithuania
391:1507-1340
311:(Polish:
105:neoplasms
79:In 2022,
1038:Category
1023:Svalbard
1008:Guernsey
955:Abkhazia
907:Slovenia
902:Slovakia
877:Portugal
735:Bulgaria
416:Eurostat
228:diabetes
160:scale:
138:COVID-19
42:Eurostat
932:Ukraine
882:Romania
842:Moldova
800:Ireland
795:Iceland
790:Hungary
780:Germany
775:Georgia
765:Finland
760:Estonia
755:Denmark
740:Croatia
725:Belgium
720:Belarus
710:Austria
705:Armenia
700:Andorra
695:Albania
566:theOECD
475:10 July
453:10 July
220:obesity
211:obesity
202:Obesity
176:Smoking
133:group.
111:), and
1018:Jersey
960:Kosovo
927:Turkey
917:Sweden
897:Serbia
887:Russia
872:Poland
867:Norway
847:Monaco
817:Latvia
785:Greece
770:France
745:Cyprus
589:. OECD
523:gov.pl
389:
236:cancer
234:, and
168:liters
109:cancer
993:Åland
912:Spain
837:Malta
807:Italy
640:(PDF)
274:(NFZ)
622:2024
595:2024
573:2024
531:2024
477:2019
455:2019
433:2024
398:2024
387:ISSN
297:EFTA
295:and
269:The
218:and
209:and
99:are
420:doi
71:.
1040::
564:.
553:^
418:.
414:.
338:^
293:EU
230:,
115:.
103:,
87:.
673:e
666:t
659:v
642:.
624:.
597:.
575:.
547:.
533:.
507:.
493:.
479:.
457:.
435:.
422::
400:.
107:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
