27:
132:
231:
processor with 2 kB of ROM for the basic operations, and 2 kB of RAM as the character buffer (4 kB in the 1510/1520). Characters were drawn using a 7 column by 10 row pattern within a larger 9 by 11 cell. The display showed 80 columns by 24 rows, a widespread standard at that time. The
471:
The status character changed on the 1510/1520 to return more information. Bit 0 now indicated if the print buffer was empty, and 1 whether or not the printer was in online mode (echoing everything from the host). Bits 2 and 3 now encoded the format mode, 00 was off, 01 was batch, 10 for page, and 11
436:
Similar to format mode is batch mode, which differed only in that it sent data whenever the input for one field was complete. When the user pressed return or tab to advance, the data for the preceding field was automatically sent and the cursor advanced to the next foreground field. Batch mode was
337:
range, which is more likely to work on all serial links. The same was true for the X address, but because the locations were 0 to 79, rather than 0 to 23 for Y, shifting higher addresses in this manner might put them out of the printable range again. They suggested transmitting 0 through 30 using
349:
caused the terminal to send a single character in return, encoding the terminal status in the lower 6 bits. Bits 0, 1 and 7 were not used and always zero. Bit 2 returned whether it was half duplex while 3 was full duplex. Bit 4 was 1 if there was a parity error on the last transmission. 5 and 6
365:
One unique feature of the
Hazeltine systems was the difference between normal-intensity "background" characters and higher-intensity "foreground" characters. The system was normally in background mode and any data sent to it was displayed normally. Sending the "foreground follows" instruction,
409:
parlance. In this case, data in foreground style was also referred to as "unprotected" while that in the background was "protected". As with the base model 1510, one could clear out only the foreground data, or all data, normally defaulting to only clearing the unprotected foreground.
448:
character was used to move from field-to-field, skipping over any text that was in background style to the next unused field or foreground style. It also added a back-tab to move backwards through the fields, sending
417:. When the terminal is put into format mode and the user types data into the terminal, the data is not sent to the host, it is simply stored in a second 2 kB buffer. When the user presses the
325:
and following that with two ASCII characters for the X and Y locations. The ASCII could be offset by any multiple of 32, so for instance, one could move to Y location (row) 10 by sending
196:
key was pressed, all the "foreground" data that had been typed in was sent all at once. The 1520 was a 1510 with an added printer port that could support serial or parallel
405:
The 1510 and 1520 included modifications of the foreground/background system that allowed them to operate in "format mode", what would be known as block mode in
123:
881:
460:
key. When this was on, the terminal only accepted input from the keyboard, ignoring data from the host. This mode ended when the user pressed
263:
The command set for
Hazeltine terminals was fairly simple, consisting mostly of line editing and cursor positioning commands. The tilde,
192:. The 1510 added a simple batch mode system that allowed the user to type in values without them being sent to the host system. When the
601:
421:
key, all data in the foreground is sent to the host in a single stream. The host could also trigger the send operation by sending
849:
876:
484:
key to turn it on and off manually. The terminal could be set to send all data to the screen, the printer, or both —
480:
The 1520 included a printer buffer able to hold one screen of data, added a selection of commands to control it, and a
148:
255:
terminals. 19,200 bit/s was relatively fast for the era, most terminals of similar vintage topped out at 9,600.
26:
871:
171:
in a much smaller and less expensive system, less than half the price. It came to market just as the
370:(unit separator), all following data was displayed in foreground mode. Sending background follows,
69:
333:, ASCII code 42, 32+10. The advantage of adding 32 to the value is that it shifts it into the
568:
152:
37:
342:
would return the current cursor location as two characters separated by a carriage return.
164:
8:
620:
334:
248:
197:
175:
revolution was taking off, and the 1500 was very popular among early hobbyist users.
95:
47:
496:
turned off the printer and sent data to the screen (the default mode). Pressing the
131:
268:
84:
433:
would instead send everything on the screen from the home position to the cursor.
425:
to the terminal. The system could be set to send different bits of data; sending
239:
interface, with speeds from 110 up to 19,200 bit/s, as well as a 20 mA
514:
456:
The user could also trigger whether new data would be accepted by pressing the
168:
160:
113:
812:
865:
488:
turned on the printer and sent data from the host to the screen and printer,
172:
271:, or as they referred to it, the "lead-in code". The 1510/1520 also allowed
836:
520:
240:
512:
The 1500 model famously appears on the cover of
Kraftwerk's 1981 album
228:
216:
136:
74:
235:
Like earlier models in the
Hazeltine line, the 1500 supported both an
244:
236:
386:
was similar to clear screen, but removed only the foreground.
723:
721:
719:
504:
from the host, would dump the current screen to the printer.
640:
638:
636:
634:
584:
582:
321:
The cursor could be positioned anywhere on the screen using
793:
540:
429:
to the terminal sent back only the line the cursor was in,
212:
781:
769:
757:
716:
278:
Simple one-letter commands following the lead-in included
135:
A Hazeltine 1500 being used as the primary interface to a
704:
631:
579:
406:
650:
178:
Two modified versions were introduced in June 1977, the
745:
682:
680:
667:
665:
519:
The 1500 model also appeared in
Stereolab's video clip
838:
Hazeltine 1500 Video
Display Terminal Reference Manual
314:
deleted the line and moved any data below it up while
282:
for cursor-to-home (upper left corner of the screen),
247:
systems and still common due to the widespread use of
733:
692:
374:(end-of-medium) returned to background mode. Sending
350:
encoded the end-of-line character being used, 00 was
677:
662:
167:, it implemented the basic features of the earlier
863:
159: (equivalent to $ 5,700 in 2023). Using a
543:, for instance, or even Hazeltine's own 2000.
848:
799:
787:
775:
763:
727:
644:
588:
400:
203:The final entry to the 1500 series was the
25:
814:Stereolab - Miss Modular (Official Video)
851:Hazeltine 1500 Series Maintenance Manual
382:, but filled it with foreground spaces.
130:
857:. Hazeltine Corporation. December 1977.
318:inserted a line and pushed lines down.
882:Computer-related introductions in 1977
864:
835:
751:
739:
710:
698:
686:
671:
656:
378:cleared to the end of the screen like
625:Columbia University Computing History
507:
475:
302:(form separator) for clear screen.
13:
492:sent it to the printer only, and
232:12" CRT used P4 "white" phosphor.
14:
893:
222:
306:cleared to the end of the line,
294:(backspace) for cursor-left and
290:(vertical tab) for down-cursor,
829:
805:
501:
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461:
457:
450:
445:
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430:
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394:
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359:
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329:, ASCII code 10, or by sending
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307:
303:
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295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:
264:
193:
844:. Hazeltine Corporation. 1977.
613:
594:
561:
533:
413:Format mode is entered with a
1:
621:"The Hazeltine 2000 terminal"
550:
207:introduced in August 1979 at
575:. 6 August 1979. p. 39.
555:
155:in April 1977 at a price of
7:
877:Character-oriented terminal
393:locked the keyboard, while
275:to be used as the lead-in.
258:
219:, and graphics characters.
10:
898:
444:While in format mode, the
310:to the end of the screen.
609:. July 1978. p. 1.4.
569:"Terminal Subs for VT-52"
215:emulation mode, separate
119:
109:
101:
91:
80:
68:
53:
43:
33:
24:
526:
401:Batch and block commands
603:VT52 Maintenance Manual
338:codes 96 through 126.
298:for cursor-right, and
140:
153:Hazeltine Corporation
134:
38:Hazeltine Corporation
165:random access memory
105:serial, current loop
713:, pp. 4.4–4.5.
659:, pp. 4.2–4.3.
397:unlocked it again.
362:, and 11 for none.
335:printable character
21:
872:Computer terminals
508:In popular culture
163:and semiconductor
141:
19:
249:Teletype Model 33
227:The 1500 used an
198:computer printers
129:
128:
96:Computer keyboard
48:Computer terminal
16:Computer terminal
889:
858:
856:
845:
843:
824:
823:
822:
821:
809:
803:
800:Maintenance 1977
797:
791:
788:Maintenance 1977
785:
779:
776:Maintenance 1977
773:
767:
764:Maintenance 1977
761:
755:
754:, p. III.1.
749:
743:
737:
731:
728:Maintenance 1977
725:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
675:
669:
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654:
648:
645:Maintenance 1977
642:
629:
628:
617:
611:
610:
608:
598:
592:
589:Maintenance 1977
586:
577:
576:
565:
544:
537:
503:
500:key, or sending
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
476:Printer commands
467:
463:
459:
452:
447:
440:
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428:
424:
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381:
377:
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332:
328:
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317:
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309:
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297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
274:
269:escape character
267:was used as the
266:
210:
195:
188:
181:
158:
124:Hazeltine Esprit
87:80x24 characters
64:
62:
29:
22:
18:
897:
896:
892:
891:
890:
888:
887:
886:
862:
861:
854:
841:
832:
827:
819:
817:
811:
810:
806:
802:, p. 1.10.
798:
794:
786:
782:
774:
770:
762:
758:
750:
746:
738:
734:
726:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
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632:
619:
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599:
595:
587:
580:
567:
566:
562:
558:
553:
548:
547:
538:
534:
529:
510:
478:
403:
286:for up-cursor,
261:
225:
208:
186:
179:
156:
60:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
895:
885:
884:
879:
874:
860:
859:
846:
831:
828:
826:
825:
804:
792:
790:, p. 1.7.
780:
778:, p. 1.9.
768:
766:, p. D.2.
756:
744:
742:, p. 4.6.
732:
730:, p. 1.3.
715:
703:
701:, p. 4.4.
691:
689:, p. 4.7.
676:
674:, p. 4.5.
661:
649:
647:, p. 1.8.
630:
612:
593:
591:, p. 1.2.
578:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
546:
545:
531:
530:
528:
525:
515:Computer World
509:
506:
477:
474:
437:entered using
402:
399:
260:
257:
224:
223:Basic features
221:
205:Hazeltine 1552
190:Hazeltine 1520
183:Hazeltine 1510
169:Hazeltine 2000
161:microprocessor
151:introduced by
149:smart terminal
147:was a popular
145:Hazeltine 1500
139:microcomputer.
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
114:Hazeltine 2000
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
82:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
20:Hazeltine 1500
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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883:
880:
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873:
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869:
867:
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834:
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753:
748:
741:
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729:
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573:Computerworld
570:
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505:
473:
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336:
319:
276:
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256:
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242:
238:
233:
230:
220:
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214:
211:. It added a
206:
201:
199:
191:
184:
176:
174:
173:microcomputer
170:
166:
162:
154:
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146:
138:
133:
125:
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71:
67:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
850:
837:
830:Bibliography
818:, retrieved
813:
807:
795:
783:
771:
759:
747:
735:
706:
694:
652:
624:
615:
602:
596:
572:
563:
535:
521:Miss Modular
513:
511:
479:
470:
455:
443:
435:
412:
404:
388:
364:
344:
320:
277:
262:
252:
241:current loop
234:
226:
204:
202:
189:
182:
177:
144:
142:
102:Connectivity
54:Release date
34:Manufacturer
752:Manual 1977
740:Manual 1977
711:Manual 1977
699:Manual 1977
687:Manual 1977
672:Manual 1977
657:Manual 1977
229:Intel 8080A
217:cursor keys
110:Predecessor
866:Categories
820:2021-07-10
551:References
472:for line.
464:again, or
243:, used by
137:SWTPC 6800
75:Intel 8080
61:April 1977
57:April 1977
556:Citations
358:, 10 for
354:, 01 was
120:Successor
389:Sending
345:Sending
259:Commands
245:teletype
209:$ 1,500
187:$ 1,650
180:$ 1,395
157:$ 1,125
81:Display
59: (
253:ad hoc
237:RS-232
855:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
607:(PDF)
527:Notes
498:PRINT
482:PRINT
462:LOCAL
458:LOCAL
92:Input
541:VT52
539:The
466:SEND
451:~DC4
419:SEND
213:VT52
194:SEND
185:and
143:The
44:Type
502:~RS
446:TAB
423:~SO
407:IBM
395:ACK
391:NAK
380:ETB
376:CAN
360:EOT
356:ETX
340:ENQ
323:DC1
316:SUB
312:DC3
308:ETB
296:DLE
280:DC2
273:ESC
251:as
85:CRT
70:CPU
868::
718:^
679:^
664:^
633:^
623:.
581:^
571:.
523:.
494:~?
490:~*
486:~/
468:.
453:.
441:.
439:~%
431:~(
427:~.
415:~#
384:GS
372:EM
368:US
352:CR
327:LF
304:SI
300:FS
292:BS
288:VT
284:FF
200:.
627:.
517:.
347:-
331:*
265:~
63:)
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