293:
1840:
805:
1291:
87:
38:
1206:) utilize this layout. The TUTOR language display editor, character set (bitmap) editor, and line set editor also use these keys on that system and its successors. For ballistic targeting, key combinations (e.g. "we", "de", etc.) are used to get angles in multiples of 22.5 degrees. In many programs, the "s" key is often used to either "select" or "shoot", depending upon the application.
1056:, respectively. This can be attested to by the fact that the arrow keys were partly designed in the inverted-T shape in order to avoid having the side buttons possibly directly underneath other keys. It also has the advantage that there is less distance needed to travel to reach the number keys. For similar reasons, some gamers use the WQSD combination (which is WASD with the
968:= strafe right. This layout allows the player to aim with the mouse while strafing (sidestepping), turning and running or backpedaling all at once creating slightly more complex movements. This variation is not favoured any longer for two main reasons. First, because many players deem the turn commands useless because the mouse can act as a turning device, and so they assign
114:(operating system), but most games require a mouse or joystick. The use of arrow keys in games has come back into fashion from the late 1980s and early 1990s when joysticks were a must, and were usually used in preference to arrow keys with some games not supporting any keys. It can be used instead of WASD keys, to play games using those keys.
976:
to the sidestep commands and leave the turn commands unassigned. The second, and probably more prominent reason is, in assigning both the turn and strafe commands, performing movements and dodges can be much more confusing, so newcomers tend to not prefer this key setup. Though no longer widely used,
283:
models introduced various dedicated keys including arrow keys either side of the space bar (left/right in a pair to its immediate left, and up/down to the immediate right) and removed related labels, either method produced the same signals and there was no difference between which of the alternatives
895:
were unique to the ADM-3A.) This key arrangement is often referred to as "vi keys". HJKL keys are still ubiquitous in newly developed Unix software even though today's keyboards have arrow keys. They have the advantage of letting touch-typists move the cursor without taking their fingers off of the
661:
Like WASD, DCAS allows the player to easily utilize the left modifier keys; this is advantageous because on most keyboards, the circuitry is better at tracking multiple key-presses simultaneously if some of them are modifier keys. But unlike WASD, the position of the left hand for DCAS gameplay is
1023:
to "left", "down", and "right" movement, while the spacebar is used for "up" (jumping). This allows an easier access to "360 degree" motions than a normal inverted-T layout, as well as being more ergonomic than simply placing all directions in a single row (ex. ASDF). There is even a "stickless"
1177:
games. This is mainly because these games usually have quite a large number of keys needed to control the vehicle properly and the number pad will have plenty of keys for that particular use. Another reason this is commonly used is because left-handed players will find this a more comfortable
1076:
key when the left arm rests down to the left of the keyboard. Another variation is EWDF, which is the same shifted right one key, as in ESDF. SAZD is a slight variation on WQSE and WQSD, in that it is both ergonomic and rotated, but gives the fingers closer proximity to the
63:
The term "cursor movement key" is distinct from "arrow key" in that the former term may refer to any of various keys on a computer keyboard designated for cursor movement, whereas "arrow keys" generally refers to one of four specific keys, typically marked with arrows.
751:
keys would move the cursor without altering the input buffer. After exiting this mode by pressing Escape again, normal behavior would resume. This made it easy to edit lines of BASIC code by listing them, then re-inputting them with edits interspersed.
248:
keyboard was similar but with up and down functions swapped. The underlying character codes varied between machines, but in
Spectrum and Ace designs the order of up and down keys on the keyboard reflected which had the lesser and greater numeric value.
658:). However, it did not include a set of default controls to handle this. With WASD not yet a well-known standard, some people devised their own control schemes to handle combined keyboard movement with mouse aiming; DCAS was one such control scheme.
239:
were designated as cursor control keys and were labelled with left-, down-, up-, and right-arrow symbols printed on or directly above them in a colour matching the relevant shift key. The sequence was adopted from Lear-Siegler/vi style (see
1000:. The comfort and usability points from ESDF apply here. Notice that jump is left out, that is because in games like Quake jump was usually MOUSE2. With more alternate fire and aim-down-sights oriented games today you may have to play with
718:
Some older computer games, especially those on 8-bit platforms, often had the combination IJKM used as the standard control key combination, which was more logically arranged, if far less ergonomic than an inverted-T. In addition, on the
71:, usually arranged in an inverted-T layout but also found in diamond shapes and linear shapes. Arrow keys are commonly used for navigating around documents and for playing games. The inverted-T layout was popularized by the
471:
were chosen partly because they are larger keys and thus easier to hit, but primarily because in older systems the computer could only recognize a couple of alphanumeric key presses, a limitation circumvented by the use of
1245:
users will use the "ZQSD" combination instead of "WASD", since those are the keys in place of WASD on a QWERTY keyboard. Depending on the configuration, "QAOP" may either still work or be vertically inverted. On the
512:
as well. Many of the games that have adopted this layout use a first-person or over-the-shoulder third-person perspective. Some games that use overhead camera views also use WASD to move the camera, such as some
1341:
is down, allow all direction keys to be used in any combination, without the delay of changing finger position. But the use of modifier keys can be problematic, as some games do not allow mapping of these keys.
662:
very similar to the left hand's position on the home row keys. This is very comfortable for right-handed players and seen as the primary advantage over using WASD, but it is ill-suited for left-handed mousing.
1187:
150:-based software to the new platform. Arrow keys were included in later Apple keyboards. Early models with arrow keys but no middle section (Home, End, etc.) placed them in one line below the right-hand
1093:. The O/P keys were used for left/right movement, and the Q/A keys for up/down or forward/backwards movement. With SPACE being located at the bottom right of the original rubber-keyed Spectrum, the
831:
terminal, which places arrow symbols on these letters, since it did not have dedicated arrow keys on the keyboard. These correspond to the functions of the corresponding control characters
1351:
player Fashr is known to use somewhat unorthodox keybindings. Using the Right Mouse to move forward, Semicolon to move backwards, Comma for strafing left and a Full Stop to strafe right.
1116:). In each case, one hand controls left/right, and the other hand controls up/down movement. A further variation is used when two players use the keyboard at the same time; for example,
227:
home computer designs. These machines had 40-key keyboards with number keys on the top row. Each of the number keys had secondary functions requiring simultaneous use of a shift key (
1239:
keyboards. In this layout, three of the four keys happen to correspond to the compass directions "West", "East" and "South". These games usually assign both "N" and "3" to "North".
695:
games. IJKL, like WASD, are arranged in an ergonomic inverted T shape, and, since they are used by the right hand, adjustment is easy for people who commonly use the arrow keys.
776:
to substitute for the missing up and down keys. The IJKM combination was also popular on these computers. Another fairly common variant on these machines was the combination of
1036:
Another, close, variation is the WQSE combination, which follows the belief that the index and ring fingers' natural and more ergonomic positions when the middle finger is on
207:
Although the "arrow keys" provide one convention for cursor movement on computers, there are also other conventions for cursor movement that use entirely different keys.
142:, who felt that people should use the mouse instead. They were deliberately excluded from the Macintosh launch design as a forcing device, acclimating users to the new
687:. These games cannot use the arrow keys because many browsers' windows will scroll if the arrow keys are used, thus hindering gameplay. This is a problem specific to
268:
keys were directly associated with direction control when they had no other purpose, as this meant less complicated keypress detection routines could be used.
557:
key home row marker (available on most standard keyboards) to easily return to position with the index finger. Moreover, these keys are compatible with both
1513:
158:-like fashion; later versions had a standard inverted-T layout, either in the middle block or as half-height keys at the bottom right of the main keyboard.
1178:
position than the IJKL keys (see above), and the number pad has fewer keys around it, thus it is less likely the player will hit the wrong key by mistake.
1072:). For players who prefer to keep the keyboard centered on the body, this results in less wrist rotation, as it places the index finger naturally over the
731:
prompt, using the right and left arrow keys to move the cursor would add/remove characters the cursor passed over to/from the input buffer. Pressing the
648:
was released in 1994, it featured up/down look control and the option to fully control turning and aiming by mouse (a feature later popularized by id's
391:, which, although possible with the keyboard, was difficult to perform and resulted in jagged movement. Since the mouse was now used for looking, the
792:
alone was not detectable by software on an unmodified Apple II or Apple II plus. All these keys fell somewhat out of favor after the release of the
1283:
configuration also places the hand closer to the center of the QWERTY section of the keyboard, potentially opening up the entire board to custom
698:
Also, in many games that also use the WASD keys, the IJKL keys are sometimes used as a secondary player control for games that have multiplayer.
710:
utilizes IJKL as the player's action keys (such as Melee Attack, Ranged Attack, Special Attack etc.) as an alternative to mouse-driven actions.
387:, a system that let one use the mouse to look around both vertically and horizontally, enabled the player to perform techniques such as smooth
1662:
724:
1947:
1945:
529:
The ESDF variation is an alternative to WASD and is sometimes preferred because it provides access to movement independent keys for the
2534:
1909:
584:
Team
Deathmatch clan "clan Kapitol" popularized ESDF versus "WASD", explaining that the player gains three additional keys to bind the
1194:
Another variation is WAXD, using either 4 or 8 keys surrounding the "s" key. Eight directional arrows were printed on the keysets of
2166:
1275:. This can be useful in games that utilize both jump and sprint functions as it allows the fingers to rest on smaller keys than
980:
This variant adopted to newer games using mouse-look doesn't really need worry about the turn left and turn right keys. Instead
418:, where the advantages of WASD and mouselook were recognized over a purely keyboard-based control system. In the same year that
1267:
which while requiring the keyboard to be turned slightly clockwise, can result in the thumb resting comfortably upon the right
319:
computer keyboard that mimic the inverted-T configuration of the arrow keys. These keys are most commonly used to control the
1680:
1416:
Visual editing on unix By B. Srinivasan, K. Ranai
Published 1989 World Scientific Text editors (Computer programs) 182 pages
354:. During the early days of gaming, this was not a problem as the mouse was not used; the arrow keys controlled both movement
1844:
639:
key is utilized for crouching instead of the Ctrl key, as it is more easily reached when the hand is positioned for DCAS.
2842:
1910:
1897:
1896:
1635:
1701:
768:
originally had left and right arrow keys but no up and down arrow keys. Many programs written for these computers used
463:
keys (often the crouch and sprint commands), as opposed to the arrow keys which lack other keys in proximity to press.
1935:
1883:
1882:
1421:
1404:
292:
146:
input device and inducing software developers to conform to mouse-driven design rather than easily porting previous
1399:'Inside Macintosh', by Caroline Rose, Bradley Hacker, Apple Computer, Inc. Published 1985, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
1347:
784:(slash) with the left and right arrows, as those four keys roughly form a diamond on the keyboard; while the right
1884:
1956:
1954:
1868:
1848:
2527:
1950:
1949:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1847:
2641:
1846:
619:
Another alternate to the WASD shooter movement style is DCAS (sometimes called ASDC). In this configuration,
118:
72:
1923:
1541:
1952:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1112:
respectively for left, right, up, and down (with "*" being the key above and right of "?", where "@" is on
185:
Changing the current selected item in a list or selecting file icon near to the current selected file in a
1948:
1946:
1936:
1860:
2255:
2159:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1898:
1859:
1858:
1477:
574:
350:
The main reason for this arrangement is that the arrow keys are not ergonomic to use with a right-handed
128:
1955:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1850:
2340:
2018:
1975:
1937:
1925:
1118:
304:
17:
1912:
1899:
484:
was also popularized due to its location next to the WASD keys, allowing players to reach it quickly.
2723:
2520:
1953:
1851:
910:
102:
is a feature that allows controlling a mouse cursor with arrow keys instead. A feature echoed in the
1951:
1934:
1933:
131:
8-bit computers used two cursor keys instead of four, with directions selected using the shift key.
2796:
2627:
1203:
1199:
518:
107:
1857:
2652:
2622:
1195:
439:
1885:
1871:
1845:
1433:
1209:
This layout also appears on the numeric keypads of some keyboards, using 8462 (including 7913).
504:(1998) was one of the first mainstream games to use WASD by default. After being popularized by
2837:
2152:
1694:
1247:
916:
500:
344:
1607:
1451:
1159:
644:
451:
Another advantage of WASD is that it allows the user to use the left-hand thumb to press the
1849:
1579:
2265:
863:
when sent to the terminal, moving the cursor left, down, up, and right, respectively. (The
569:
keyboard layouts, which is a major plus if the game is also released in France or
Belgium.
505:
8:
2749:
2486:
2418:
2175:
1991:
1843:
1326:
keys control Qwop's calves making an intentionally difficult control system as a result.
509:
111:
30:
This article is about computer keyboard keys. For the universal postal service key, see
2759:
2587:
1229:
1186:
944:
904:
896:
home row. Examples of games that use HJKL are the text-based "graphic" adventures like
650:
580:
514:
420:
404:
67:
Arrow keys are typically located at the bottom of the keyboard to the left side of the
57:
1300:
title refers to the four keyboard keys used to move the muscles of the sprinter avatar
1139:
578:(1981), which used the keys for firing in multiple directions. Dan "vise" Larsen from
280:
276:
2754:
2612:
2597:
2557:
2491:
2130:
1687:
1676:
1567:
Tenth
Anniversary ADM 3A Dumb Terminal Video Display Terminal User's Reference Manual
1417:
1400:
1174:
1025:
546:
147:
143:
53:
2713:
2637:
2501:
1514:"The making of Dark Castle : An excerpt from The Secret History of Mac Gaming"
1155:
996:= forward. This is a more natural feel on the keyboard as your fingers rest on the
817:
320:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
430:
used the AWD keys for movement in a first-person dungeon. Both the programmers of
2632:
2543:
2496:
2381:
2243:
2228:
1939:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1672:
728:
702:
399:
keys for looking would be redundant and thus were altered to become strafe keys.
388:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1901:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1101:
key would be used for fire/action; on later models the SPACE bar would be used.
2744:
2647:
2617:
2567:
2444:
2413:
2286:
1913:
1900:
1886:
1872:
1792:
1370:
1360:
1257:
1008:
934:' keyboard shortcuts and other websites use J and K for "next" and "previous".
588:
game's controls to. It is the default configuration for several games, such as
351:
95:
68:
1496:
1113:
98:
was widespread, arrow keys were the primary way of moving a cursor on screen.
2831:
2739:
2705:
2582:
2562:
765:
530:
444:
324:
297:
220:
216:
186:
166:
The arrow keys are used in many applications to do different things such as:
2816:
2806:
2700:
2680:
2439:
2434:
2202:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1622:"Fighting Game Button Controllers and Joysticks | Hit Box – Hit Box Arcade"
1173:
The numpad or number pad keys are used quite often, but are used mostly in
997:
825:
684:
473:
369:
455:
bar (often the jump command) and the left-hand little finger to press the
2776:
2764:
2657:
2512:
2481:
2304:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2210:
2192:
1797:
1380:
1284:
1253:
1135:
1090:
931:
676:
596:
494:
415:
272:
245:
224:
1566:
1130:
The ESDX keys (known as the "cursor movement diamond") were used in the
2695:
2607:
2398:
2393:
2224:
2135:
2122:
2008:
2001:
1965:
1636:"Fashr's 'different' CS: GO settings, crosshair and viewmodel settings"
1593:
692:
410:
195:
174:
139:
99:
31:
1162:
didn't have dedicated arrow keys, and instead used the 8426 keys with
977:
many FPS veterans and tournament players still employ this key setup.
2718:
2602:
2572:
2476:
2465:
2449:
2408:
2388:
2376:
2314:
2234:
2215:
2092:
2038:
1809:
1804:
1105:
922:
793:
488:
481:
384:
179:
155:
151:
135:
1310:
uses the control scheme "QWOP" to control Qwop's arms and legs. the
804:
600:
used a combination of arrow keys for movement and ESDF for actions.
2801:
2771:
2592:
2360:
2345:
2309:
2296:
2260:
2184:
1996:
1982:
1970:
1407:. Original from the University of Michigan; Digitized Nov 16, 2007.
1222:
1163:
1143:
1131:
821:
761:
720:
655:
590:
550:
426:
1290:
170:
Moving text cursor to the right, left, previous line and next line
2577:
2471:
2403:
2355:
2350:
2220:
2013:
1714:
1134:
word processor and related applications, in combination with the
898:
732:
231:
in particular from
Spectrum onwards) to activate them. Of these,
2144:
603:
Some players use RDFG or TFGH to give access to even more keys (
498:(1986) may be the first to use WASD keys and mouse for control.
2811:
2319:
2270:
1375:
1242:
1236:
1167:
1166:
turned off. Therefore this was the scheme used by the earliest
1122:
uses the combination 1QSD for Player 1, and 8IKL for Player 2.
828:
788:
key would be in the more natural position for "down", pressing
707:
565:
559:
316:
312:
308:
252:
In some software for these machines (eg. games), the unshifted
106:
whereby holding the Amiga key would allow a person to move the
1621:
926:, where HJKL corresponds directly to the order of the arrows.
2690:
1365:
927:
688:
121:
103:
86:
75:
37:
1221:
layout, used in many freeware games, and a common setup for
1198:
developed in the 1960s and 1970s, and many games (including
1306:
813:
1007:
A similar layout is ASD-SPACE. Commonly used in 2D-based
942:
Another old-style variation that spawned from games like
549:. Incidentally, it allows the left hand to remain in the
1202:, Dogfight, and more than a dozen dungeon games such as
1104:
QAOP had its own variations, such as ZXKM or WELP. Many
1498:
Time
Machine? Or VIC-20 24KB RAM 7 Cartridge Expander?
2117:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2033:
2028:
2023:
816:
computer world, a practice spawned by its use in the
56:
that are either programmed or designated to move the
879:
functions were standard, but the interpretations of
1235:, use the "3WES" layout, which forms a diamond on
545:) which generally allows for more advanced manual
1535:
1533:
1004:, SPACE, and MOUSE2 on what you want them to do.
402:The style was popularized in competitive play in
2829:
1478:"How WASD became the standard PC control system"
635:control side-stepping (strafing). Typically the
182:down and up in different documents and web pages
1842:
1089:QAOP, sometimes called OPQA, dates back to the
492:(1982) may be the first game to use WASD keys;
1539:
1530:
1488:
2528:
2160:
1695:
1028:based around the concept, called the Hitbox.
117:The inverted-T layout was popularized by the
191:Moving selected object in a drawing software
1505:
627:control forward and backward motion, while
284:was used as far as software was concerned.
2542:
2535:
2521:
2167:
2153:
1702:
1688:
1501:. 8-Bit Show and Tell – via YouTube.
1471:
1469:
1467:
948:was the SDF-SPACE layout. In this layout,
937:
572:Perhaps the earliest game to use ESDF was
480:key to interact with items or open up the
194:Moving forward and backward while playing
27:Set of keys on a typical computer keyboard
1212:
914:. It is also used by some players of the
81:
1289:
1228:A few games from the 1980s, such as the
1185:
1181:
803:
291:
90:The original Macintosh has no arrow keys
85:
36:
1494:
1464:
1452:"History of computer design: Macintosh"
1386:
820:text editor. The editor was written by
138:had no arrow keys at the insistence of
14:
2830:
1837:
1670:
1225:and older 2D gaming using a keyboard.
796:, which had a full set of arrow keys.
311:keyboards) is a set of four keys on a
2516:
2148:
1475:
1318:keys control Qwop's thighs while the
1271:key and the little finger resting on
1138:. These keys were also used, and had
723:, special support existed in ROM for
1511:
683:IJKL is used by a growing number of
670:Two early games that used IJKL were
335:control forward and backward, while
642:When Bungie's first-person shooter
508:, WASD became more common in other
476:. In later games, the usage of the
215:This cursor key layout was seen in
202:
24:
1838:
1663:The Nerd Corner: Inverse-T History
1434:"Apple's Steve Jobs Hates Buttons"
735:entered a mode where pressing the
41:Arrow keys in an inverted T layout
25:
2854:
2174:
1656:
960:= turn right, space = backpedal,
414:, notably by professional player
383:). However, the introduction of
1628:
1614:
1600:
1586:
1572:
1540:Tommervik, Art (January 1982).
1348:Counter Strike:Global Offensive
1263:A somewhat uncommon variant is
1608:"Bloglines keyboard shortcuts"
1560:
1444:
1426:
1410:
1393:
1149:
241:
161:
13:
1:
1495:Harbron, Robin (2020-10-29).
812:HJKL is a layout used in the
424:was released, 1981, the game
173:Moving player's character in
119:Digital Equipment Corporation
73:Digital Equipment Corporation
1594:"Google Experimental Search"
1512:Moss, Richard (2018-03-22).
1158:that came with the original
1125:
1084:
1031:
799:
713:
665:
614:
524:
287:
210:
110:with the cursor keys in the
7:
1476:Wilde, Tyler (2016-06-25).
1354:
368:, with strafing done using
10:
2859:
2843:Video game control methods
1825:
1580:"Gmail keyboard shortcuts"
992:= backpedal, and space or
755:
553:with the advantage of the
438:were users of the earlier
361:as well as looking around
60:in a specified direction.
29:
2789:
2732:
2673:
2666:
2550:
2458:
2427:
2369:
2328:
2295:
2279:
2201:
2183:
2115:
2091:
2037:
1979:
1962:
1833:
1829:
519:economic simulation games
275:-style keyboard on later
2797:List of game controllers
1190:WAXD keycaps of PLATO IV
611:for the little finger).
2653:Virtual reality headset
1217:Vaguely related is the
938:SDF-SPACE and ASD-SPACE
2544:Video game controllers
1959:
1301:
1248:Dvorak keyboard layout
1213:Less common variations
1191:
1140:arrows printed on them
917:Dance Dance Revolution
911:Linley's Dungeon Crawl
809:
808:ADM-3A keyboard layout
300:
91:
82:Historical development
42:
2466:Power management keys
1958:
1293:
1189:
1182:WAXD (including QEZC)
807:
506:first-person shooters
295:
89:
40:
2468:(Power, Sleep, Wake)
1569:, p. 1-5 (13 of 54).
1387:Notes and references
1256:players may use the
1250:, "WASD" is ",AOE".
1108:games used the keys
510:computer game genres
124:keyboard from 1982.
78:keyboard from 1982.
50:cursor movement keys
2750:Gesture recognition
2623:Musical Instruments
2487:Keyboard technology
1114:modern UK keyboards
1064:, or WQSE with the
515:city-building games
448:used the AWD keys.
307:keyboards; ZQSD on
2588:Interactive urinal
1960:
1302:
1192:
964:= strafe left and
810:
656:mouselook/freelook
432:Castle Wolfenstein
421:Castle Wolfenstein
301:
92:
43:
2825:
2824:
2785:
2784:
2755:Haptic technology
2613:Motion controller
2558:Arcade controller
2510:
2509:
2492:Keyboard shortcut
2341:Page Up/Page Down
2143:
2142:
2138:
2125:
2095:
1987:
1175:driving simulator
1026:arcade controller
1011:, ASD-SPACE maps
408:and subsequently
54:computer keyboard
16:(Redirected from
2850:
2714:Telephone keypad
2674:Physical buttons
2671:
2670:
2667:Controller parts
2551:Controller types
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2502:Keyboard mapping
2169:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2123:
2093:
1983:
1841:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1668:
1667:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1397:
1329:Layouts such as
1299:
1156:Model F keyboard
1081:and SPACE keys.
1060:key moved up to
988:= strafe right,
347:left and right.
321:player character
203:Alternative keys
21:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2781:
2728:
2662:
2546:
2541:
2511:
2506:
2497:Keyboard layout
2454:
2423:
2382:Carriage return
2365:
2329:Navigation keys
2324:
2291:
2275:
2197:
2179:
2173:
2134:
2120:
1985:
1957:
1839:
1808:
1799:
1791:
1709:
1708:
1673:IBM PC keyboard
1659:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1489:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1357:
1340:
1336:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1297:
1279:and Space. The
1278:
1274:
1270:
1215:
1196:PLATO terminals
1184:
1152:
1128:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
984:= strafe left,
983:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
940:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
802:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
758:
750:
746:
742:
738:
729:Applesoft BASIC
716:
703:Devil May Cry 4
668:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
610:
606:
556:
544:
540:
536:
527:
479:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
442:where the game
398:
394:
389:circle strafing
382:
379:
375:
367:
364:
360:
357:
342:
338:
334:
330:
323:'s movement in
296:WASD keys on a
290:
267:
263:
259:
255:
238:
234:
230:
213:
205:
164:
84:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2856:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Force feedback
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Remote control
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Digital camera
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2445:System request
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2419:Language input
2416:
2414:Numeric keypad
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2237:
2232:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2127:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:External links
1655:
1652:
1651:
1627:
1613:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1559:
1529:
1504:
1487:
1463:
1443:
1425:
1409:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Pointing stick
1368:
1363:
1361:Arrow (symbol)
1356:
1353:
1338:
1334:
1331:Shift Z Ctrl X
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1258:numeric keypad
1214:
1211:
1183:
1180:
1151:
1148:
1127:
1124:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1068:moved down to
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:fighting games
1001:
993:
989:
985:
981:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
939:
936:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
801:
798:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
757:
754:
748:
744:
740:
736:
715:
712:
667:
664:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
608:
604:
554:
542:
538:
534:
526:
523:
477:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
396:
392:
380:
377:
373:
365:
362:
358:
355:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:computer games
303:WASD (,AOE on
289:
286:
265:
261:
257:
253:
236:
232:
228:
212:
209:
204:
201:
200:
199:
192:
189:
183:
177:
171:
163:
160:
96:computer mouse
83:
80:
69:numeric keypad
52:are keys on a
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Computer keys
2836:
2835:
2833:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Accelerometer
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Select button
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Gaming keypad
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Balance board
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Function keys
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:Modifier keys
2200:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1779:
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1769:
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1700:
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1678:
1674:
1669:
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1660:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1422:9971-5-0770-6
1419:
1413:
1406:
1405:0-201-05409-4
1402:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:Professional
1343:
1332:
1327:
1309:
1308:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1097:or sometimes
1092:
1082:
1029:
1027:
1010:
1005:
999:
978:
952:= turn left,
947:
946:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:
919:
918:
913:
912:
907:
906:
901:
900:
830:
827:
824:for use on a
823:
819:
815:
806:
797:
795:
767:
766:Apple II Plus
763:
753:
734:
730:
726:
722:
711:
709:
705:
704:
699:
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:browser games
681:
679:
678:
673:
663:
659:
657:
653:
652:
647:
646:
640:
612:
601:
599:
598:
593:
592:
587:
583:
582:
577:
576:
570:
568:
567:
562:
561:
552:
548:
532:
531:little finger
522:
520:
516:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
485:
483:
475:
474:modifier keys
449:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
407:
406:
400:
390:
386:
371:
370:modifier keys
353:
348:
346:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
299:
298:gaming laptop
294:
285:
282:
278:
274:
271:Although the
269:
250:
247:
243:
226:
222:
218:
217:Sinclair ZX80
208:
197:
193:
190:
188:
187:file explorer
184:
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:The original
132:
130:
125:
123:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
88:
79:
77:
74:
70:
65:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
2817:Toys-to-life
2807:Reset button
2710:Start button
2701:Scroll wheel
2685:
2681:Analog stick
2642:direct drive
2440:Print Screen
2377:Enter/Return
2335:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2070:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1616:
1602:
1588:
1574:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1548:. p. 15
1545:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1507:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1455:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1428:
1412:
1395:
1346:
1344:
1330:
1328:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1280:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1241:
1230:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1193:
1172:
1153:
1129:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1088:
1048:rather than
1035:
1006:
979:
943:
941:
921:
915:
909:
908:series, and
903:
897:
826:Lear-Siegler
811:
759:
717:
701:
700:
697:
682:
675:
671:
669:
660:
649:
643:
641:
618:
602:
595:
589:
585:
579:
573:
571:
564:
558:
528:
499:
493:
487:
486:
450:
443:
440:PLATO system
435:
431:
425:
419:
409:
403:
401:
349:
302:
270:
251:
244:below). The
214:
206:
165:
133:
126:
116:
93:
66:
62:
49:
45:
44:
2777:Touchscreen
2765:Digital pen
2658:Wired glove
2482:Copilot key
2450:Break/Pause
2305:Scroll Lock
2280:Prefix keys
1542:"Crossfire"
1381:Scroll Lock
1285:keybindings
1254:Left-handed
1150:Numpad keys
1136:Control key
1091:ZX Spectrum
956:= forward,
932:Google Labs
725:Escape mode
677:Lode Runner
674:(1981) and
597:Blackthorne
594:. The game
495:Dark Castle
416:Dennis Fong
246:Jupiter Ace
225:ZX Spectrum
175:video games
162:Common uses
94:Before the
2832:Categories
2696:Hat switch
2686:Arrow keys
2608:Microphone
2428:Contextual
2336:Arrow keys
1683:US layout)
1645:2023-01-07
1640:Esports.gg
1523:2018-03-25
1457:2013-01-21
1337:is up and
1146:computer.
693:JavaScript
411:QuakeWorld
277:Spectrum +
229:CAPS SHIFT
196:multimedia
140:Steve Jobs
100:Mouse keys
46:Arrow keys
32:Arrow lock
18:Cursor key
2733:Sensitive
2719:Trackball
2603:Light gun
2573:Dance pad
2477:Macro key
2409:Space bar
2389:Backspace
2315:Caps Lock
2297:Lock keys
2252:Microsoft
2185:Dead keys
1518:Gamasutra
1304:The game
1260:instead.
1231:Phantasie
1223:emulation
1126:ESDX keys
1106:BBC Micro
1085:QAOP keys
1032:WQSE keys
923:StepMania
800:HJKL keys
794:Apple IIe
727:. At the
714:IJKM keys
672:Crossfire
666:IJKL keys
615:DCAS keys
575:Crossfire
525:ESDF keys
501:Half-Life
489:Telengard
482:inventory
385:mouselook
372:(usually
288:WASD keys
211:5678 keys
180:Scrolling
152:Shift key
136:Macintosh
129:Commodore
112:Workbench
2802:Multitap
2772:Touchpad
2598:Keyboard
2593:Joystick
2310:Num Lock
2176:Keyboard
1546:Softline
1482:PC Gamer
1438:CBS News
1355:See also
1333:, where
1164:Num Lock
1144:TI-99/4A
1132:WordStar
1119:Gauntlet
998:home row
822:Bill Joy
762:Apple II
721:Apple II
680:(1983).
645:Marathon
591:Tribes 2
551:home row
436:Wizardry
427:Wizardry
345:strafing
343:control
148:terminal
2790:Related
2724:Trigger
2578:Gamepad
2472:Any key
2370:Editing
2248:Windows
2240:Command
2211:Control
2193:Compose
1677:Windows
1552:13 July
1335:⇧ Shift
1277:⇧ Shift
1170:games.
1142:on the
1079:⇧ Shift
899:NetHack
790:⇧ Shift
786:⇧ Shift
756:AZ keys
733:Esc key
547:binding
469:⇧ Shift
461:⇧ Shift
108:pointer
2812:R.O.B.
2760:Stylus
2628:Paddle
2399:Delete
2394:Insert
2320:F-Lock
2225:Option
2133:
2129:
2009:Delete
1966:Insert
1798:Scroll
1788:PrtScn
1420:
1403:
1376:QWERTY
1298:'s
1243:AZERTY
1237:QWERTY
1233:series
1204:Avatar
1200:Empire
1160:IBM PC
1019:, and
920:clone
902:, the
855:, and
829:ADM-3A
778:RETURN
708:Capcom
566:AZERTY
560:QWERTY
317:QWERTZ
313:QWERTY
309:AZERTY
305:Dvorak
281:+ 128K
264:, and
223:, and
154:in an
58:cursor
2691:D-pad
2638:Wheel
2633:Pedal
2618:Mouse
2459:Misc.
2266:Hyper
2256:Super
2244:Apple
2235:AltGr
2229:Apple
2216:Shift
2094:Enter
1810:Break
1805:Pause
1793:SysRq
1366:D-pad
945:Quake
928:Gmail
905:Rogue
689:DHTML
651:Quake
586:Quake
581:Quake
453:space
445:Moria
405:Quake
352:mouse
198:files
144:mouse
127:Most
122:LK201
104:Amiga
76:LK201
2361:Menu
2346:Home
2287:Gold
2261:Meta
2254:) /
2246:) /
2178:keys
2019:PgDn
1986:Lock
1976:PgUp
1971:Home
1800:Lock
1681:ANSI
1554:2014
1418:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1339:Ctrl
1322:and
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1295:QWOP
1281:YGHJ
1265:YGHJ
1154:The
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1052:and
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873:Ctrl
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814:Unix
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434:and
395:and
279:and
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221:ZX81
156:HJKL
2404:Tab
2356:Esc
2351:End
2221:Alt
2137:Del
2124:Ins
2014:End
1984:Num
1781:F12
1776:F11
1771:F10
1715:Esc
1269:Alt
1219:ZXC
1168:DOS
747:or
706:by
654:as
637:Alt
459:or
374:Alt
315:or
235:to
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397:→
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381:→
378:←
366:→
363:←
359:↓
356:↑
341:D
339:/
337:A
333:S
331:/
329:W
266:8
262:7
258:6
254:5
237:8
233:5
34:.
20:)
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