164:
1400:
higher and down sun. After the first section had carried out several attacks, it swapped places with the second section and the attacks continued until all ammunition had been exhausted, after which the
Tempests would return to base at 8,000 ft. As many of the more profitable targets were usually some 250 miles from base, the Tempests typically carried two 45-gallon drop tanks which were turned on soon after takeoff. Although there were fears that the empty tanks would explode if hit by flak, the threat never eventuated and, due to the tanks being often difficult to jettison, they were routinely carried throughout an operation with little effect on performance, reducing maximum speed by 5 to 10 mph and range by 2 per cent.
1568:
2006:
1205:
977:. This variant was furnished with a Napier Sabre V engine with 2,340 hp (1,740 kW). The more powerful Sabre V required a bigger radiator which displaced the oil cooler and carburettor air intake from the radiator's centre; air for the carburettor was drawn through intakes on the leading edge of the inner wings, while the oil cooler was located behind the radiator. Most Tempest VIs were tropicalised, the main feature of this process being an air filter which was fitted in a fairing on the lower centre section. Other changes included the strengthening of the rear spar and the inclusion of spring tabs, which granted the variant superior handling performance.
2191:
2180:
856:
1310:
572:
329:. A laminar flow wing adopted for the Tempest series had a maximum thickness-to-chord ratio of 14.5 per cent at the root, tapering to 10 per cent at the tip. The maximum thickness of the Tempest wing was set further back at 37.5 per cent of the chord versus 30 per cent for the Typhoon's wing, reducing the thickness of the wing root by five inches on the new design. The wingspan was originally greater than that of the Typhoon at 43 ft (13 m), but the wingtips were later "clipped" and the wing became shorter; 41 ft (12 m) versus 41 ft 7 in (12.67 m).
1914:
905:
1580:
1873:
1163:
687:
31:
1838:
1306:; the Tempest squadrons soon racked up a considerable percentage of the total RAF kills of the flying bombs (638 of a total of 1,846 destroyed by aircraft). Using external drop tanks, the Tempest was able to maintain standing patrols of four and half hours off the south coast of England in the approach paths of the V-1s. Guided by close instructions from coastal radar installation, Tempests would be positioned ready for a typical pursuit and would either use cannon fire or nudge the V-1 with the aircraft itself to destroy it.
429:
1090:
2048:
aviation events, showcasing the engineering marvels of WWII-era fighter aircraft. Additionally, in 2023, the
Tempest Mk. V NV778, preserved at the Royal Air Force Museum in Hendon, London, was featured in special exhibits and air show demonstrations. In recent years, the Hawker Tempest has gained renewed attention due to restoration projects and its presence at air shows. These events attracted large crowds and aviation enthusiasts, helping to keep the history and importance of the Tempest alive for new generations .
2172:
1858:
714:
1966:
1404:
aircraft which were equipped with spring-tabs; these increased manoeuvrability so much that there was a risk of damaging the airframe. In
December 1944, upon the Tempest's reentry into service, the type had the twin tasks of the systematic destruction of the North German rail network along with all related targets of opportunity, and the maintenance of air supremacy within the North German theatre, searching for and destroying any high-performance fighter or bomber aircraft of the
2548:
2536:
2524:
2512:
1885:
749:
five-spoke wheels, but most had smaller 30 by 9 in (76 by 23 cm) four-spoke wheels. The new spar structure of the
Tempest V also allowed up to 2,000 lb (910 kg) of external stores to be carried underneath the wings. As a result, several early production Tempest V aircraft underwent extensive service trials at Boscombe Down for clearance to be fitted with external stores, such as one 250β1,000 lb (110β450 kg) bomb or eight "60lb" air-to-ground
1059:
1954:
1941:
474:
554:
1217:
966:
1983:
1322:
303:
1928:
917:, while Hawker were to build 1,800. This switch delayed production even more. On 4 October 1944, the first Tempest II was rolled off the line; the first six production aircraft soon joined the two prototypes for extensive trials and tests. With the end of the Second World War in sight, orders for the Tempest II were trimmed or cancelled; after 50 Tempest IIs had been built by the Bristol
815:
1823:
897:
four-blade propeller was replaced with a five-blade unit; eventually, a finely balanced four bladed unit was settled on. Problems were also experienced with engine overheating, poor crankshaft lubrication, exhaust malfunctions and reduction-gear seizures. Because of these problems, and because of the decision to "tropicalise" all
Tempest IIs for service in the
741:
rear spar pick-up/bulkhead assembly (just behind the cockpit) which was adapted from the
Typhoon. Small blisters on the upper rear wing root fairing covered the securing bolts. This was later changed to a new forged, lightweight assembly which connected to new spar booms: the upper wing root blisters were replaced by small "teardrop" fairings under the wings.
360:(345 L) fuel tank. In addition, two inter-spar wing tanks, each of 28 Igal (127 L), were fitted on either side of the centre section and, starting with late model Tempest Vs, a 30 Igal (136 L) tank was carried in the leading edge of the port wingroot, giving the Tempest a total internal fuel capacity of 162 Igal (736 L).
929:
absence of a heavy radiator unit, so that the
Tempest II was only some 20 pounds (9.1 kg) heavier overall. Performance was improved; maximum speed was 442 mph (711 km/h) at 15,200 ft (4,600 m) and climb rate to the same altitude took four and a half minutes compared with five minutes for the Tempest Mk.V; the
1432:, which had fortuitously evaded the extensive Bodenplatte raid, and had contributed to efforts to intercept the raiders. During this time, Spitfire XIVs of 125 and 126 Wings often provided medium- to high-altitude cover for the Tempests, which came under intense pressure, the wing losing 47 pilots in January. In February 1945,
873:
stacks grouped behind and to either side of the engine: to the rear were air outlets with automatic sliding "gills". The carburettor air intakes were in the inner leading edges of both wings, an oil cooler and air intake were present in the inner starboard wing. The engine installation owed much to examinations of a captured
2680:, where the Spitfire's thinner wing gave it an advantage at higher altitudes over the thicker wing-sectioned Hurricane, which was affected to a greater extent by compressibility. Fortuitously, the Spitfire had been designed with a thin wing that was subsequently discovered by the RAE to possess a high Critical Mach No.
299:'s 13.2 per cent tapering to 6 per cent at the tip, the thinner design being deliberately chosen to reduce drag. In addition, there had been other issues experienced with the Typhoon, such as engine unreliability, insufficient structural integrity, and the inability to perform high altitude interception duties.
1190:
During development, Camm and the Hawker design team had placed a high priority on making the
Tempest easily accessible to both air and ground crews; to this end, the forward fuselage and cockpit areas of the earlier Hurricane and the Tempest and Typhoon families were covered by large removable panels
1726:
Single-seat fighter aircraft for the RAF, fitted with the
Bristol Centaurus Mk. V engine, the short-barrelled Hispano Mk. V cannons and the standard Mk. V tail-unit. The guns on the Tempest Mk. II had fewer cartridges compared to the Tempest Mk. V and Mk. VI (162 inboard and 152 outboard). 402 built
928:
Physically, the
Tempest II was longer than the Tempest Mk.V (34 ft 5 in (10.49 m) versus 33 ft 8 in (10.26 m) and 3 in (76 mm) lower. The weight of the heavier Centaurus engine (2,695 pounds (1,222 kg) versus 2,360 pounds (1,070 kg) was offset by the
896:
was assigned to engine development. The first major problem experienced during the first few flights was serious engine vibrations, which were cured by replacing the rigid, eight-point engine mountings with six-point rubber-packed shock mounts. In a further attempt to alleviate engine vibration, the
872:
as an alternative to the liquid cooled engines which were also proposed. A pair of Centaurus-powered Tempest II prototypes were completed. Apart from the new engine and cowling, the Tempest II prototypes were similar to early series Tempest Vs. The Centaurus engine was closely cowled and the exhaust
665:
Work on the Tempest Mk.IV variant was abandoned without any prototype being flown at all. The Tempest Mk.II, which was subject to repeated delays due to its Centaurus powerplant, was persisted with, but would not reach production in time to see service during the Second World War. Continual problems
640:
first flew, representing the "Tempest Mk.I" equipped with the Napier Sabre IV engine; this flight had been principally delayed by protracted problems and slippages encountered in the development of the new Sabre IV engine. Construction had been on hold (so parts could be used for possible repairs to
1587:
Early flights by RAF pilots found the Tempest, unlike the Typhoon, was buffet-free up to and somewhat beyond 500 mph (800 km/h). During 1944, several veteran USAAF pilots flew the Tempest in mock combat exercises held over the south of England; the consensus from these operations was that
1403:
Between October and December 1944, the Tempest was practically withdrawn from combat operations for overhaul work, as well as to allow operational pilots to train newcomers. The overhaul process involved the replacement or major servicing of their engines and the withdrawal of the limited number of
419:
that had been written to fit the aircraft. The performance estimate given to MAP was 455 mph at 26,000 ft. In September Camm was told that the Air Ministry's Director of Technical Development that they had decided to have two Typhoons converted to the new design. By October 1941, development of the
1195:
and engine accessories. Both upper wing roots incorporated panels of non-slip coating. For the pilot a retractable foot stirrup under the starboard root trailing edge was linked to a pair of handholds which were covered by spring-loaded flaps. Through a system of linkages, when the canopy was open
1105:
The Tempest was a single engine fighter aircraft that excelled at low-level flight. In service, its primary role soon developed into performing "armed reconnaissance" operations, often deep behind enemy lines. The Tempest was particularly well suited to the role because of its high speed at low to
740:
joint originally featured 20 external reinforcing "fishplates", similar to those fitted to the Typhoon, but it was not long before the rear fuselage was strengthened and, with the fishplates no longer being needed, the rear fuselage became detachable. The first series of Tempest Vs used a built-up
1673:
A total of 142 Tempest Mk VI were produced, which equipped nine squadrons of the RAF, five of these being stationed in the Middle East due to its suitability for such environments. This particular variant was anticipated to have a short lifetime and their phasing out commenced in 1949. During the
1399:
formations, which would cross the front lines at altitudes of 7,000 to 8,000 feet: once the Tempests reached their allocated target area the lead section dropped to 4,000 ft (1,200 m) or lower to search for targets to strafe, while the other section flew cover 1,000 ft (300 m)
398:
on the topic of the P.1012. In March 1941 of that year, clearance to proceed with development of the design, referred to at this point as the Typhoon II, was granted. The design at the time encompassed the Sabre E.107C (as it was then known) with a four-blade propeller, 42 ft span elliptical wing
1158:
rate above 250 mph (400 km/h). The spar structure of the Tempest V also allowed the wings to carry up to 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of external stores. Also developed specifically for the Tempest by Hawker was a streamlined 45 gal (205 L) "drop tank" to extend the operational
531:
The Tempest Mk.I featured other new features, such as a clean single-piece sliding canopy in place of the car-door framed canopy, and it used wing radiators instead of the "chin" radiator. Due to development difficulties with the Sabre IV engine and its wing radiators, the completion of the Mk.I
457:
radial engine was now also considered for equipping the Typhoon and Camm was forewarned in October 1941 to expect a request for a Centaurus to be fitted. This was confirmed in February as an order for six prototypes with the Centaurus; the DTD stating that the development was highest priority.
2047:
in Northampton for its final stages of restoration. It had its maiden flight from its home base at Sywell Aerodrome on 10 October 2023 after a 34-year-long restoration. This aircraft, wearing the serial number PR533, is now one of the few airworthy Tempests and has become a highlight at various
1500:
over northern Germany, when they saw a lone unusual looking aircraft flying at maximum speed at treetop level. Detecting the British aircraft, the German pilot reversed course to evade. Despite the Tempests' considerable low altitude speed, Clostermann decided not to attempt to follow as it was
1121:
propeller. Starting with EJxxx series, on the Tempest V, both the improved Sabre IIB and IIC were used, these engines were capable of producing over 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) on emergency boost for short periods of time. Alternative engines were used on some production variants, such as the
936:
Tropicalising measures included the installation of an air filter and intake in the upper forward fuselage, just behind the engine cowling, and the replacement of the L-shaped pitot head under the outer port wing by a straight rod projecting from the port outer wing leading edge. All production
673:
In August 1942, even before the first flight of the prototype Tempest V had been conducted, a production order for 400 Tempests was placed by the Air Ministry. This order was split, with the initial batch of 100 being Tempest V "Series I"s, powered by the 2,235 hp (1,667 kW) Sabre IIA
649:
was at first equipped with the older Typhoon cockpit structure and vertical tailplane. The elimination of the "chin" radiator did much to improve overall performance, leading to the Tempest Mk.I quickly becoming the fastest aircraft that Hawker had built at that time, having attained a speed of
465:
was changed to a Sabre II complete with the Typhoon cooling system and under nose radiator. Due to this previous experience on other programmes, the Air Ministry was sufficiently motivated to request that Tempest prototypes be built using different engines so that, if a delay hit one engine, an
2462:
Tempest II: 440 mph (380 kn; 710 km/h) at 17,000 ft (5,200 m) ; 410 mph (360 kn; 660 km/h) at 29,000 ft (8,800 m) ; 400.6 mph (348.1 kn; 644.7 km/h) at sea level, Tempest VI: 450 mph (390 kn; 720 km/h) at
748:
with long barrels which projected ahead of the wing leading edges and were covered by short fairings; later production Tempest Vs switched to the short-barrelled Hispano Mk.Vs, with muzzles flush with the leading edges. Early Tempest Vs used Typhoon-style 34 by 11 in (86 by 28 cm)
1045:
in September It featured wing leading edge radiators and had larger overall dimensions of 42 ft (13 m) wingspan and 39 ft 9 in (12.12 m) length. The top speed was calculated as 509 mph (819 km/h) at 20,000 ft, with a rate of climb of 6,400 ft/min
2421:
Tempest II: 11,800 lb (5,400 kg) (interceptor) ; 12,800 lb (5,800 kg) (fighter-bomber: 2x 500 lb (230 kg) bombs) ; 13,800 lb (6,300 kg) (fighter-bomber: 2x 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs), Tempest VI: 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)
1016:
purposes; however, none of the service histories of the aircraft show such conversions and no supporting photographic evidence has been found. The Tempest VI was the last piston-engined fighter in operational service with the RAF, having been superseded by jet propelled aircraft.
1110:, improvements included the careful design and positioning of the frame structure, blind spots being reduced to an absolute minimum. It had a bullet-resistant centre panel made up of two layers, the outer 1.5 in (38 mm) thick and the inner 0.25 in (6.4 mm).
674:
series engine, which had the distinctive chin radiator, while the rest were to have been produced as the Tempest I, equipped with the Sabre IV and leading-edge radiators. These 300 Tempest Is were intended to replace an order for a similar quantity of Typhoons placed with the
661:
instead. The Air Ministry had seen the Mk III as a replacement for the Hurricane in ground attack, with the narrower engine giving a better view as well but the Typhoon would be the interim aircraft for the role. In practice the Typhoon proved very good for ground attack.
1011:
At one point, 250 Tempest VIs were on order for the RAF; however, the end of the war led to many aircraft programs being cut back intensively, leading to only 142 aircraft being completed. For a long time, it was thought there were Tempest VIs that had been converted for
1540:
In air-to-air combat, the Tempest units achieved an estimated air combat success ratio of about 8:1, scoring 239 confirmed victories (not including the additional "victories" against the unmanned V-1 flying bomb), 9 probable victories, and 31 losses and probable losses.
925:, production was stopped and shifted back to Hawker, which built a total of 402, in two production batches: 100 were built as fighters, and 302 were built as fighter-bombers (FB II) with reinforced wings and wing racks capable of carrying bombs of up to 1,000 lb.
1106:
medium altitudes, its long range when equipped with two 45-gallon drop tanks, the good firepower of the four 20mm cannon and the good pilot visibility. The three-piece windscreen and side windows of the Tempest had directly benefited from examination of captured
867:
As a result of the termination of the Tornado project, Sydney Camm and his design team transferred the alternative engine proposals for the Tornado to the more advanced Tempest. Thus, it was designed from the outset to use the Bristol Centaurus 18 cylinder
616:
that almost doubled the vertical tail surface area, made necessary because the directional stability with the original Typhoon fin had been reduced over that of the Typhoon by the longer nose incurred by the new fuel tank. The horizontal tailplanes and
1686:(PAF) in 1948. Both India and Pakistan would operate the Tempest until 1953. Several of these aircraft remain in existence, with three being restored to airworthiness in the United States and New Zealand. The restoration of an IAF Tempest Mk.II,
1511:
Some Me 262s were destroyed using a tactic known to 135 Wing as the "Rat Scramble"; Tempests on immediate alert took off when an Me 262 was reported to be airborne. They did not directly intercept the jet, but instead flew towards the airbase at
1301:
In June 1944, the first of the V-1s were launched against London; the excellent low-altitude performance of the Tempest made it one of the preferred tools for handling the small fast-flying unmanned missiles. 150 Wing was transferred back to the
1046:(1,951 m/min). Service ceiling was projected to be more than 42,000 ft (13,000 m). Work on both was ultimately dropped when Camm decided to focus design efforts upon the more promising jet engine designs he was working on instead.
753:
rockets under each wing. On 8 April 1944, the Tempest Mk.V attained general clearance to carry such ordnance, but few Tempest Mk.V deployed bombs operationally during the war. Rockets were never used operationally during the war by the Mk.Vs.
846:
carried on the bomb racks and had 38 rounds each. Surviving photographs suggests that the 20 mm wing guns were removed for this installation. Testing of the guns revealed that the weapon had potential, but no production was undertaken.
1520:. The aim was to attack jets on their landing approach, when they were at their most vulnerable, travelling slowly, with flaps down and incapable of rapid acceleration. The Germans responded by creating a "flak lane" of over 150 of the
1616:
The later Tempest Mk.II was tropicalised as it had been decided that this variant would be intended for combat against Japan. The envisioned role for the type would have been as a purpose-built type which would participate in the
1527:
AA batteries at Rheine-Hopsten, to protect the approaches. After seven Tempests were lost to anti-aircraft fire at Rheine-Hopsten in a single week, the "Rat Scramble" was discontinued. For a few days in March 1945, a strict
2270:
160 imp gal (190 US gal; 730 L) internal with optional 90 imp gal (110 US gal; 410 L) or 180 imp gal (220 US gal; 820 L) in two drop tanks under
912:
Orders had been placed as early as September 1942 for 500 Tempest IIs to be built by Gloster but in 1943, because of priority being given to the Typhoon, a production contract of 330 Tempest IIs was allocated instead to
4203:
2750:
Although JNxxx serialled Tempest Vs are called "Series 1" and later ones called "Series 2", these definitions first appeared in 1957, and there is room for doubt about them being used by Hawker during the Second World
1170:
The main undercarriage was redesigned from the Typhoon, featuring lengthened legs and a wider track (16 ft; 4.9 m) to improve stability at the high landing speed of 110 mph (180 km/h), and to allow
1608:. A number of squadrons would operate the Tempest as their final piston-engined type before converting to the new generation of jet-powered fighter aircraft that would come to dominate the next decade and beyond.
1037:
propellers. The radiator was relocated into a ventral bath set underneath the rear fuselage and wing centre section: the wingspan was 41 ft (12 m) and the length was 37 ft 3 in (11.35 m).
2706:
The renaming of the "Typhoon II" to "Tempest" was considered to be an indication of the level of changes and increasing number of refinements that had made the two aircraft more unique and distinguished from one
452:
aircraft which was being developed in parallel to the Typhoon were both terminated. This measure turned out to be prudent, as engine development was not trouble-free on some of the variants of the Tempest. The
1781:β Later production version of the Tempest Mk. V, starting from Series 2. From Series 2 aircraft were fitted with four short-barrel 20 mm Mark V Hispano cannons and other production line changes. 701 built.
2634:
757:
As in all mass-produced aircraft, there may have been some overlap of these features as new components became available. In mid-to-late 1944 other features were introduced to both the Typhoon and Tempest: A
1775:β Initial production version of the Tempest Mk V. Series 1 aircraft were fitted with four long-barrel 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk. II cannons and continued to use some Typhoon components. 100 built.
1130:
was adopted, or the final Tempest VI, upon which a Napier Sabre V was used. Early on in development, the adoption of several other engines was proposed, some of which were tested upon multiple prototypes.
798:, with which they resembled Tempest IIs. This configuration proved to generate less drag than the standard "chin" radiator, contributing to an improvement in the maximum speed of some 11 to 14 mph.
779:(as fitted in RAF Spitfires and Mustangs from mid-1944), which would have considerably improved the chances of shooting down opposing aircraft. Tempest pilots continued to use either the Type I Mk.III
678:. As it transpired, the difficulties with the Sabre IV and the wing radiators led to this version never reaching production, the corresponding order was switched to 300 Tempest V "Series 2"s instead.
2741:
It had been intended that prefabricated Typhoon components could be reused on the Tempest, this proved to be impractical as the design production Tempest had diverged considerably from the Typhoon.
2043:, Lincolnshire with Tempest Two Limited. In 2016, it moved to Dunmow, Essex with Anglia Aircraft Restorations Ltd, where it was being restored from 2016, until 2019 when it moved to Air Leasing at
1113:
The majority of production Tempests were powered by a single high-powered Napier Sabre II 24-cylinder engine. All versions of the Sabre drove either a four-bladed, 14 ft (4.3 m) diameter
1508:. Hubert Lange, a Me 262 pilot, said: "the Messerschmitt Me 262's most dangerous opponent was the British Hawker Tempest β extremely fast at low altitudes, highly manoeuvrable and heavily armed."
466:
alternative powerplant would already be available.An order was approved for six more prototypes with alternate engines in May and the contract for two with Sabres, two with Centaurus and two with
2412:
Tempest II:13 ft 6 in (4.11 m) (tail in rigging position with one propeller blade vertical) ; 14 ft 6 in (4.42 m) (tail down with one propeller blade vertical)
1788:
1596:. Following the end of the war, the RAF decided upon the Tempest as its standard fighter, pending the introduction of newer aircraft, many of which would be developed post-war, such as the
1033:
was essentially a slightly enlarged Tempest with the R.46 engine, which Hawker expected to develop around 4,000 hp (2,980 kW). This engine would have driven a pair of four-bladed
387:. The new wing and airfoil, and the use of a four-bladed propeller, acted to eliminate the high frequency vibrations that had plagued the Typhoon. The design team also chose to use the new
2540:
British PathΓ© Newsreel footage of the Tempest during combat operations in 1944, including ground servicing, taking off, aerial manoeuvres, and the mid-air interception of a V-1 flying bomb
444:
of the "Typhoon Mark II"; the new fighter was renamed "Tempest" on 28 February 1942. Complications were added to the Tempest program by external factors in the form of engine issues: the
1872:
908:
New Tempest IIs of the first production batch at Hawker Aircraft. Note the closely cowled engine and the carburettor and oil-cooler intakes in the starboard wing's inner leading edge.
1694:
was stalled due to the unexpected death of the owner in 2013, the aircraft being sold to a Canadian enthusiast; as of April 2016, MW376 was receiving extensive work at facilities in
1739:β Later fighter-bomber version of the Tempest Mk. II with strengthened wings and underwing hardpoints for bomb and rocket pylons, among other smaller changes. 302 built by Hawker.
1196:
the stirrup was lowered and the flaps opened, providing easy access to the cockpit; as the canopy was closed, the stirrup was raised into the fuselage and the flaps snapped shut.
783:, which projected the sighting graticule directly onto the windscreen, or the Mk.IIL until just after the Second World War, when the gyro gunsight was introduced in Tempest IIs.
224:
aircraft on the ground, as well as countering similar attacks by German fighters. The Tempest was effective in the low-level interception role, including against newly developed
1282:
Most of the operations carried out by 150 Wing comprised high-altitude fighter sweeps, offensive operations known as "Rangers", as well as reconnaissance missions. Prior to the
235:
The further-developed Tempest II did not enter service until after the end of hostilities. It had several improvements, including being tropicalised for combat against Japan in
4207:
2463:
14,500 ft (4,400 m) ; 425 mph (369 kn; 684 km/h) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m) ; 395 mph (343 kn; 636 km/h) at sea level
2440:
Tempest II: Bristol Centaurus V 2,530 hp (1,890 kW) for 5 minutes at sea level, Tempest VI: Napier Sabre V 2,420 hp (1,800 kW) for 5 minutes at sea level
5616:
732:, several improvements were progressively introduced and were used from the outset on all succeeding Tempest V "Series 2s", with serial number prefixes EJ, NV and SN. The
1253:
1134:
The wing of the Tempest was one of its more significant design features, having been developed from the Typhoon to use a thinner laminar flow design approach. The wing
657:, conducted its first flight; it was decided to discontinue development work on the Mk.III, this was due to priority for the Griffon engine having been assigned to the
1837:
2141:
399:
with six cannon armament; while the front of the fuselage was redesigned the rear was unchanged from the Typhoon. At this point, work was undertaken by a team of 45
383:. A further improvement of the Tempest wing over that of the Typhoon was the exceptional, flush-riveted surface finish, essential on a high-performance laminar flow
2490:
Tempest II: 0.196 hp/lb (0.322 kW/kg) at 13,300 lb (6,000 kg), Tempest VI: 0.192 hp/lb (0.316 kW/kg) at 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)
5950:
5910:
5890:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5611:
5606:
1815:
Single-seat fighter aircraft for the RAF, fitted with the Napier Sabre Mk. V engine (2,340 hp) but otherwise equivalent to the later Tempest Mk. V. 142 built.
207:. The Tempest emerged as one of the most powerful fighters of World War II and at low altitude was the fastest single-engine propeller-driven aircraft of the war.
275:
or "Thin-Wing Typhoon". Although the Typhoon was generally considered to be a good design, Camm and his design team were disappointed with the performance of its
2994:
2639:
2716:
The use of wing radiators was a point of controversy, with Air Ministry officials approaching Camm with doubts concerning its vulnerability to battle damage.
1298:
in Hawker's assembly shop adversely affected this rate; by September 1944, five frontline Tempest squadrons with a total of 114 aircraft were in operation.
1290:, using a combination of cannons and bombs to attack airfields, radar installations, ground vehicles, coastal shipping and the launch sites for the German
698:
During early 1943, a production line for the Tempest Mk.V was established in Hawker's Langley facility, alongside the existing manufacturing line for the
2481:
Tempest II: 20,000 ft (6,100 m) in 5 minutes at combat power, Tempest VI: 20,000 ft (6,100 m) in 4 minutes 45 seconds at combat power
4693:
4898:
3768:
1265:
626:
2793:
As well as the flak guns, there were several piston engine fighter units based in the area which were tasked to cover the jets as they were landing.
4590:
2384:
Provision for 2 Γ 45 imp gal (54 US gal; 200 L) or 2 Γ 90 imp gal (110 US gal; 410 L) drop tanks.
461:
Delays with the Sabre IV development affected the project. With the expected first flight date for the Tempest was September 1942, the engine for
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5056:
5051:
5031:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4981:
4966:
4961:
4951:
4946:
4926:
1353:. On 21 September 1944, as the V-1 threat had receded, the Tempest squadrons were redeployed to the 2nd TAF, effectively trading places with the
721:. Long-barrelled Hispano II cannon and Typhoon five-spoke mainwheels were identifying features of the first production batch of 100 Tempests Vs.
658:
2884:
12,500 lb (5,700 kg) with 2x 500 lb (230 kg) bombs; 13,500 lb (6,100 kg) with 2x 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs
1592:. According to aviation author Francis K. Mason, the Tempest was commonly accepted as the bestβperforming RAF fighter in operational service by
1183:
which shortened the legs as they retracted. The retractable tailwheel was fully enclosed by small doors and could be fitted with either a plain
5991:
2070:
352:
fuel tanks of the Typhoon. To make up for this loss in capacity, Hawker engineers added a new 21 in (53 cm) fuel bay in front of the
2283:
1 Γ Napier Sabre IIB H-24 liquid-cooled sleeve-valve piston engine, 2,420 hp (1,800 kW) at +11 lb boost for 5 minutes at sea level
702:. Production was initially slow, claimed to be due to issues encountered with the rear spar. On 21 June 1943, the first production Tempest V,
2204:
Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1946, The Hawker Tempest I-IV
283:, and thus created airflow problems which inhibited flight performance, especially at higher altitudes and speeds where it was affected by
2732:, what would be the ultimate offshoot of the Typhoon and Tempest family as well as the fastest of all Hawker-built piston-engine fighters.
1159:
radius by 500 mi (800 km) and carrier fairing; the redesigned wing incorporated the plumbing for these tanks, one to each wing.
1548:
348:, which were moved back further into the wing. The new wing had greater area than the Typhoon's, but the new wing design sacrificed the
650:
466 mph (750 km/h) during test flights. The Sabre IV was failing testing and so the Mk I Tempest was abandoned by the MAP.
2431:
Tempest II: 14 imp gal (17 US gal; 64 L), Tempest VI: 22 imp gal (26 US gal; 100 L)
973:
Various engineering refinements that had gone into the Tempest II were incorporated into the last Tempest variant, designated as the
4346:
4320:
4261:
4177:
4151:
4125:
1641:; these aircraft were mainly dispatched to squadrons stationed overseas in Germany and in India, along with other locations such as
5981:
2472:
Tempest II: with 250 imp gal (300 US gal; 1,100 L) fuel, climb, 15 minutes combat and RTB with 20% reserve
2039:
in Surrey with Autokraft Ltd with new civil registration G-TEMT, In 1997, it kept its civilian registration of G-TEMT and moved to
898:
775:
Unusually, in spite of the Tempest V being the RAF's best low- to medium-altitude fighter, it was not equipped with the new Mk.IIC
726:
416:
236:
199:, intended to address the Typhoon's unexpected deterioration in performance at high altitude by replacing its wing with a thinner
5971:
4097:
2690:
2629:
608:
and car-style door, and was fitted with the "chin" radiator, similar to that of the Typhoon. It was quickly fitted with the same
1521:
4891:
3330:
1381:. During the early phase of operations, the Tempest regularly emerged victorious and proved to be a difficult opponent for the
2802:
The wings were capable of mounting later 20 mm Hispano Mk. V guns and Series 1 individuals might have received such with time.
1361:, which became part of the Fighter Command units deployed on bomber escort duties. 122 Wing now consisted of 3 Sqn., 56 Sqn.,
1294:. The build-up of Tempest-equipped squadrons was increased rapidly, in part due to factors such as the V-1 threat, although a
5986:
4828:
4759:
4744:
4672:
764:
transponder unit was fitted, with the associated aerial appearing under the portside centre section. A small, elongated oval
3740:
937:
aircraft were powered by a (2,590 hp (1,930 kW) Centaurus V driving a 12 ft 9 in (3.89 m) diameter
4446:
1559:
in February 1945, he had destroyed 11 or 12 German aircraft (and one shared), to make him the highest-scoring Tempest ace.
1629:
as a forward base for operations against the Japanese mainland. Before the Tempest Mk.II entered operational service, the
1884:
1650:
1286:, Tempests would routinely conduct long-range sorties inside enemy territory and penetrate into Northern France and the
3901:
1733:β Initial fighter version of the Tempest Mk. II. 100 built by Hawker and 50 by Bristol. Later upgraded to FB standard.
1041:
However, work upon the P.1027 design was soon dropped in favour of concentrating upon a further developed design, the
4884:
4813:
4798:
4783:
4729:
4687:
4657:
4638:
4617:
4576:
4561:
4546:
4531:
4516:
4494:
4479:
4464:
4432:
4417:
2092:
759:
4846:
2644:
1905:
1658:
2668:
Both the Spitfire and the Typhoon were designed when little was known about the behaviour of air at high subsonic
1857:
1769:
Single-seat fighter aircraft for the RAF, fitted with the Napier Sabre Mk. IIA, IIB or IIC, 801 built at Langley.
633:
reported that they were impressed by "a manoeuvrable and pleasant aircraft to fly with no major handling faults".
1822:
1468:
395:
4002:
2893:
2,010 hp (1,500 kW) for take-off ; 2,045 hp (1,525 kW) at 13,750 ft (4,190 m)
1175:
for a new de Havilland 14 ft (4.3 m) diameter four-blade propeller. The main undercarriage units were
834:) just after the war. These guns were part of a project started in mid-1942 to develop a more powerful airborne
4711:
4057:
3169:
1192:
670:) was built; consequently, Hawker proceeded to take the Sabre II-equipped "Tempest V" into production instead.
163:
4856:
4032:
3722:
1761:
Tempest variant with a Rolls-Royce Griffon 61 piston engine. One prototype (LA614) cancelled in February 1943.
1567:
1248:
to be equipped with the Tempest during the Second World War), replacing their previous Typhoons. A third unitβ
1154:
which lightened the aerodynamic loads, making them easier for the pilot to use and dramatically improving the
4247:
4229:
2159:
1991:
1429:
1204:
3488:
1236:
By April 1944, the Tempest V had attained general acceptance and was in the hands of operational squadrons;
1008:, were converted to the Tempest VI standard in order to participate in service trials at RAF Boscombe Down.
625:
found the Tempest a great improvement over the Typhoon in performance; in February 1943 the pilots from the
391:
H-block 24 cylinder engine for the Tempest, drawings of which had become available to Hawker in early 1941.
1093:
A Tempest Mk. V flying overhead, marked with black and white stripes used for the easier identification of
2784:
According to Roland Beamont, these production delays had been caused by an industrial dispute at Langley.
2190:
2179:
1256:
until sufficient supplies of Tempests were available. By the end of April 1944, these units were based at
2597:
1878:
Tempest Mk. V β Early production model, note the protruding barrels of the 20 mm Hispano Mk.II guns.
1354:
411:
to convert the proposal into technical schematics from which to commence manufacture. In March 1941, the
93:
4866:
4821:
Second Tactical Air Force Volume Four: Squadrons, Camouflage and Markings, Weapons and Tactics 1943β1945
4600:
3425:
1633:
ended. By October 1945, a total of 320 Tempest IIs had been delivered to maintenance units stationed at
597:
5900:
4861:
4081:
2676:. The importance of this to high speed, high altitude flight would be discovered during combat in the
1456:
Piloting a Tempest on 19 April 1945, Flying Officer Geoffrey Walkington was the first to shoot down a
1444:
converted from Spitfire Mk IXs and, in March, were joined by 274 Sqn. 135 Wing was based at ALG B.77 (
210:
Upon entering service in 1944, the Tempest performed low-level interception, particularly against the
5771:
3930:
3194:
2857:
Design Department produced competing designs but Rolls Royce stopped work before completing a weapon
2602:
2005:
1589:
1276:
1070:
914:
839:
795:
404:
364:
2826:
Buttler gives 6 August as the official renaming, and notes the suggestion came from Camm in January.
855:
5976:
5854:
4287:
1552:
1026:
918:
769:
675:
292:
280:
1309:
5925:
5850:
5840:
2290:
1622:
1448:) in the Netherlands. The intensity of operations persisted throughout the remainder of the war.
1428:
of 1 January 1945, 122 Wing bore the brunt of low- to medium-altitude fighter operations for the
1346:
1261:
1114:
1025:
In 1943, Camm initiated work on a new design for fighter equipped with the at that point unbuilt
950:
323:
240:
215:
4867:"Spinning Intake β Ingenious Napier Development of Sabre-Tempest Annular Radiator Installation,"
4504:. London, UK: Chatto & Windus Ltd in association with William Heinemann Ltd., 1953. No ISBN.
842:
which had been used on the Hurricane IID. The Vickers guns were housed in long slim streamlined
267:, had already planned out a series of design improvements; these improvements culminated in the
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5920:
5915:
5905:
5885:
5777:
5761:
5601:
5596:
5586:
5516:
5011:
4851:
2764:
2236:
14 ft 10 in (4.52 m) tail in rigging position with one propeller blade vertical)
1241:
1221:
1135:
884:, flew powered by a Centaurus IV (2,520 hp/1,879 kW) driving a four-blade propeller.
794:, were fitted with Napier Sabre Vs and experimented with several different Napier-made annular
333:
70:
1805:β After the Second World War a number of Tempest Mk Vs were converted to serve as target tugs.
5895:
5865:
4667:(Aircraft in Action series, No. 102). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1990.
2552:
Compilation of Tempest Gun Camera video during air-to-air combat and ground attack operations
2342:
1787:β Experimental anti-tank version of the Tempest Mk. V fitted with two underwing experimental
1593:
1504:
During 1945, Tempests scored of a number of kills against the new German jets, including the
1424:
1395:
Armed reconnaissance missions were usually flown by two sections (eight aircraft), flying in
1269:
930:
822:, outfitted with experimental 47 mm class P guns and standard smaller four-spoke wheels.
310:
with later bubble canopy; when first flown, it had the "car-door" canopy and small tail unit.
4111:
3904:[F-4F Flight Training Center Jagdgeschwader 72 "Westfalen" Fighter-Bomber Wing 36].
725:
During production of the first batch of 100 Tempest V "Series Is", distinguishable by their
506:), equipped with the Bristol Centaurus Mk.IV engine (LA607 later receiving a Centaurus Mk.V)
4595:
4586:(Aircraft in Profile Number 197). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967.
3968:
2844:
The weapon has been misidentified as a 40 mm cannon in many references, such as Mason 1991.
2694:
2673:
2607:
2587:
2361:
1958:
1953:
1601:
1505:
1445:
1437:
1415:
and countless military vehicles were destroyed, for the loss of 20 Tempests. Following the
1389:
1366:
1155:
745:
621:
were also increased in span and chord; these were also fitted to late production Typhoons.
513:), equipped with the Rolls-Royce Griffon 85 engine (originally planned for the Griffon IIB)
345:
296:
229:
904:
713:
8:
5845:
1750:
1683:
1597:
1579:
1467:
s then-latest jet fighter, which had just entered service with the I./JG 1 (1st Group of
1433:
1370:
1362:
1303:
1249:
1245:
888:
initially flew with a Typhoon-type fin and rudder unit. This was followed by the second,
765:
618:
571:
467:
445:
4791:
Second Tactical Air Force Volume Two: Breakout to Bodenplatte, July 1944 to January 1945
1555:
in 1941. By mid-1944, he was flying with 274 Squadron. When he was shot down and made a
892:, which was completed with the enlarged dorsal fin and first flew on 18 September 1943:
2612:
1792:
1572:
1497:
1485:
1326:
1237:
831:
353:
97:
4876:
4806:
Second Tactical Air Force Volume Three: From the Rhine to Victory, January to May 1945
4308:
428:
30:
4824:
4809:
4794:
4779:
4755:
4740:
4725:
4707:
4683:
4668:
4653:
4634:
4613:
4572:
4557:
4542:
4527:
4512:
4490:
4475:
4460:
4428:
4413:
4350:
4324:
4265:
4181:
4155:
4129:
2768:
2677:
2617:
1718:
with oil coolers and radiators placed in the wing to reduce drag, one aircraft built.
1662:
1654:
1618:
1283:
1142:
shape; the aircraft's armament of four 20 mm Hispano cannons with 800 rounds of
1123:
1107:
946:
874:
803:
630:
605:
454:
243:
5860:
5767:
4936:
2044:
1699:
1679:
1638:
1501:
obviously much quicker though one of the other two Tempests did pursue it briefly.
1441:
1358:
1342:
1098:
1089:
706:, rolled off the production line and its maiden flight was conducted by test pilot
699:
394:
In February 1941, Camm commenced a series of discussions with officials within the
188:
180:
89:
53:
4862:
Hawker Tempest profile, walkaround video, technical details for each Mk and photos
4704:
2nd Tactical Air Force. Volume III: From the Rhine to Victory: January to May 1945
2133:
Mk.II MW758/HA580 - On display at South Wales Aviation Museum, St Athan, Wales, UK
1162:
1000:
to conduct a series of tropical trials. During 1945, two more Tempest V aircraft,
953:
long-range bomber force based on Okinawa to attack the Japanese home islands. The
686:
5832:
5822:
5797:
5792:
5737:
5712:
5702:
5657:
5381:
5286:
5256:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5121:
5101:
5096:
5081:
5036:
5026:
5021:
5016:
4911:
4907:
4776:
Second Tactical Air Force Volume One: Spartan to Normandy, June 1943 to June 1944
3744:
3737:
2729:
2565:
1715:
1556:
1545:
1291:
1225:
1209:
1139:
1034:
988:
made its first flight after its rebuild, flown by Bill Humble. In December 1944,
942:
780:
337:
284:
211:
184:
168:
155:
85:
75:
5787:
2875:
16 ft 1 in (4.90 m) (tail down with one propeller blade vertical)
1649:. On 8 June 1946, a Tempest II, flown by Roland Beamont, led the flypast at the
984:, was extensively modified to serve as the Tempest VI prototype. On 9 May 1944,
941:
propeller. Tempest IIs produced during the war were intended for combat against
520:), which was never completed but planned to be equipped with a Griffon 61 engine
5817:
5812:
5752:
5747:
5692:
5677:
5662:
5006:
4976:
4971:
4752:
No. 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron 1939β1945: Hurricane, Spitfire, Tempest
4645:
2592:
2582:
2570:
2528:
Period aircraft recognition film on the Tempest V, including original narration
1971:
1626:
1605:
1457:
1272:
1094:
772:. This was apparently used to measure the aircraft's altitude more accurately.
768:
appeared on the rear starboard fuselage, just above the red centre spot of the
449:
315:
260:
225:
196:
145:
63:
2635:
List of aircraft of the Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy
2551:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2171:
1571:
3 Squadron RAF Tempest and air crew during a pre-mission briefing, during the
5965:
5807:
5782:
5757:
5732:
5717:
5707:
5672:
5652:
5647:
5531:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5436:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5386:
5366:
5361:
5346:
5331:
5321:
5316:
5306:
5296:
5291:
5276:
5251:
5231:
5181:
4956:
4941:
4931:
2453:
12 ft 9 in (3.89 m) diameter 4-bladed constant-speed propeller
1753:
85 piston engine and contra-rotating propellers. One prototype (LA610) built.
1330:
1295:
1287:
1257:
1184:
1172:
1127:
869:
860:
835:
776:
691:
609:
593:
578:
489:
440:
On 18 November 1941, a contract was issued by the Air Ministry for a pair of
203:
design. Since it had diverged considerably from the Typhoon, it was renamed
5722:
5626:
5621:
4612:. (World War IT Wings Line) Prague, Czech Republic: 4+ Publications, 2000.
3909:
2811:
Sabre IIB gave 2,420 hp (1,804 kW) at +11 lb boost at sea level, 3,850 rpm.
2081:
1678:
aircraft. In 1947, the RAF transferred a total of 89 Tempest FB IIs to the
1517:
1369:(to March 1945), and 486(NZ)Sqn. From 1 October 1944 122 Wing was based at
412:
388:
380:
372:
368:
349:
326:
288:
200:
2308:
435 mph (700 km/h, 378 kn) at 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
1187:
manufactured tyre, or a Dunlop-Marstrand "twin-contact" anti-shimmy tyre.
5742:
5727:
5697:
5687:
5682:
5667:
5642:
4841:
2669:
2338:
44.7 lb/sq ft (218 kg/m) at 13,500 lb (6,100 kg)
1946:
1691:
1630:
1489:
1396:
1378:
1350:
1229:
1176:
1118:
954:
938:
707:
302:
264:
218:. Later, it successfully targeted the rail infrastructure in Germany and
1317:
still has its black and white Typhoon-style underwing recognition bands.
1058:
830:
was fitted with two experimental underwing Class P 47 mm guns (built by
604:, which was powered by a Sabre II engine, retained the Typhoon's framed
473:
2854:
2036:
1675:
1634:
1208:
Formation of Tempest Mk. Vs of No. 122 Wing returning to their base at
1143:
1013:
622:
420:
proposal had advanced to the point where the new design was finalised.
363:
Another important feature of the new wing was Camm's proposal that the
341:
4511:. Ramsgate, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2003.
2767:
at Cranfield, Bedfordshire and is currently (As of 2011) preserved at
802:
was later fitted with a ducted spinner, similar to that fitted to the
553:
3496:
2347:
0.149 hp/lb (0.245 kW/kg) at 13,500 lb (6,100 kg)
2031:' in 1945. In 1948, the aircraft transferred to the IAF with serial '
2027:- First built as Tempest II and taken on charge with RAF with serial
1642:
1180:
737:
441:
220:
1252:βinitially kept its Typhoons and was then temporarily equipped with
1216:
744:
The first 100 Tempest Vs were fitted with 20 mm (0.79 in)
2040:
1727:
by Hawker at Langley and 50 by Bristol Aeroplane Company, Banwell.
1646:
1151:
1147:
993:
733:
295:
of 19.5 per cent (root) to 12 per cent (tip), in comparison to the
2102:- under restoration to fly by KF Aerospace, Kelowna, B.C., Canada
965:
3535:
2866:
post war, the RAF changed to using Roman numerals in designations
2772:
2246:
1982:
1695:
1513:
1321:
922:
843:
400:
384:
2835:
At the start of March 1942, the contract had been for 400 Mark I
1411:
In December 1944, a total of 52 German fighters were downed, 89
3876:
1999:
1995:
1919:
1796:
357:
1749:
Singe-seat experimental version of the Tempest, fitted with a
1674:
1950s, the Tempest was mainly used in its final capacity as a
1191:
providing access to as many components as possible, including
314:
In March 1940, engineers were assigned to investigate the new
4571:. Bourne End, Buckinghamshire, UK: Aston Publications, 1988.
2516:
Documentary on the Tempest, edited by the Imperial War Museum
2450:
1933:
1412:
997:
408:
376:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
1702:, Canada. It is being restored to an operational condition.
563:
with early "car door" cockpit structure and small tail unit.
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
2378:
2293:, 14 ft (4.3 m) diameter constant-speed propeller
1374:
1334:
750:
666:
with the Sabre IV meant that only the single Tempest Mk.I (
319:
276:
4599:. Vol. L, no. 1961. 25 July 1946. Archived from
4376:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. pp. 57cβ59c.
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
2332:
20,000 ft (6,100 m) in 6 minutes at combat power
1097:
and Tempest aircraft. These stripes, similar to the later
214:
threat, and ground attack supporting major invasions like
4027:
4025:
4023:
3407:
814:
613:
4823:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd., 2008.
4808:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd., 2006.
4793:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd., 2005.
4778:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd., 2004.
3988:
1240:
was the first to be fully equipped, closely followed by
4906:
4487:
British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935β1950
4050:
3151:
4873:
article on the annular radiator version of the Tempest
4020:
2902:
390 mph (340 kn; 630 km/h) at sea level
2640:
List of aircraft of the United Kingdom in World War II
2258:
Hawker H.14/10/37.5 (maximum thickness at 37.5% chord)
2062:- under restoration to fly by Chris Miller, Texas, USA
1496:
he describes leading a flight of Hawker Tempests from
1349:, the airborne attempt to seize a bridgehead over the
933:
was also increased to 37,500 ft (11,400 m).
2277:
16 imp gal (19 US gal; 73 L)
1166:
LA602, a prototype Bristol Centaurus-powered Tempest.
4626:: Air Publication 2458c. London: Air Ministry, 1944.
2052:
4309:
http://hawkertempest.se/index.php/survivors/ha62323
2577:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
863:
and Mk. V tail, but with 20 mm Hispano Mk. II guns.
694:
and Mk. V tail, but with 20 mm Hispano Mk. II guns.
653:On 27 November 1944, the Tempest Mk.III prototype,
627:
Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment
536:, was delayed, and thus it was the Mk.V prototype,
4452:February 1973. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK.
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
2939:Beamont, Roland. Tempest over Europe, 1994, p. 13.
2091:- owned by Richard Grace, Halstead, UK, bought by
1625:long-range bomber force to have been stationed on
1544:The top-scoring Tempest pilot was Squadron Leader
403:at Hawker's wartime experimental design office at
322:in the United States, which was later used in the
4526:. Charlottesville, Virginia: Howell Press, 2000.
1799:. One Tempest Mk. V (SN354) modified for testing.
1532:, repeat, No ground attacks" policy was imposed.
1451:
588:On 2 September 1942, the Tempest Mk.V prototype,
5963:
2728:went on to serve as the prototype for the later
2166:
1488:, made the first Allied combat encounter with a
4724:. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1999.
4631:Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft
4455:Bridgman, Leonard (ed.). "The Hawker Tempest."
3473:
2403:Tempest II: 34 ft 5 in (10.49 m)
1329:being refuelled and re-armed by ground crew at
3958:, Thomas & Shores, Arms & Armour, 1988
3718:
3716:
3662:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3601:
3260:
3258:
3144:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
2693:wouldn't buy anything that didn't look like a
2672:, and of what would later become known as the
1714:Prototype fitted with the Napier Sabre Mk. IV
1682:(IAF), while another 24 were passed on to the
527:), equipped with the Napier Sabre Mk.II engine
495:), equipped with the Napier Sabre Mk.IV engine
4892:
4842:"The Hawker Typhoon, Tempest, & Sea Fury"
4556:(3rd revised edition). London: Putnam, 1991.
3831:
3791:
3789:
3622:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
2956:
2954:
2264:11,400 lb (5,171 kg) as interceptor
2151:- Royal Air Force Museum Cosford, Cosford, UK
1922:(One Tempest V, acquired postwar for trials.)
809:
167:Painting of two Tempest aircraft attacking a
4474:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988.
3777:
3674:
3672:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3040:
2924:
1313:Early Tempest Mk. V of 486 Sqn. April 1944.
4652:. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1974.
4610:Hawker Tempest: MK I, V, II, VI, TT Mks.5,6
4389:
3815:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3713:
3657:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3520:
3255:
3139:
3125:
3100:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2995:"The Spitfire Wing Planform: A Suggestion."
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
1535:
1341:In September 1944, Tempest units, based at
263:, the design team, under the leadership of
4899:
4885:
4438:Beamont, Roland. "Tempest Summer: part 1"
4280:
3849:Shores and Thomas 2008, pp. 679, 684, 686.
3845:
3843:
3786:
3769:"4-Cannon Tempest Chases Nazi Robot Bomb."
3578:
3549:
3511:
3353:
3351:
3025:Tempest V Pilot's Notes 1944, pp. 6β7, 31.
2951:
636:On 24 February 1943, the second prototype
484:The six prototypes built were as follows:
367:for cooling the engine be fitted into the
279:, which had proved to be too thick in its
4365:
4112:"Aerial Visuals Airframe Dossier: G-TEMT"
3931:"The "Westfalen-Wing" in Rheine-Hopsten."
3669:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3285:
3235:
3213:
3051:
3037:
1653:. RAF Tempest IIs saw combat use against
577:Tempest Mk.V production model with late "
249:
4754:. BoΓ© Cedex, France: Graphic Sud, 2007.
4457:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
4371:
3810:
3798:
3631:
3003:
2963:
2314:420 mi (680 km, 360 nmi)
2189:
2178:
2170:
2004:
1981:
1890:Tempest Mk. VI β Early production model
1578:
1566:
1320:
1308:
1215:
1203:
1161:
1088:
1020:
964:
903:
854:
813:
712:
685:
581:" cockpit structure and large tail unit.
472:
427:
301:
162:
4739:. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1988.
4722:Typhoon and Tempest Aces of World War 2
4680:Ground Attack Aircraft of World War Two
4524:Typhoon and Tempest: the Canadian Story
3840:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3348:
3317:
3315:
2911:Later models used Mark V Hispano cannon
2630:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
1408:, whether in the air or on the ground.
1179:levered suspension units incorporating
880:On 28 June 1943, the first Tempest II,
379:" radiator of the Typhoon and improved
340:shape to accommodate the 800 rounds of
191:. The Tempest, originally known as the
5964:
4819:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas.
4804:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas.
4789:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas.
4774:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas.
4735:Thomas, Chris and Christopher Shores.
4701:
4682:. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977.
4447:"Hawker Tempest Article and Drawings."
4412:. London, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1989.
4380:
3819:Thomas Shores and Thomas 2008, p. 585.
3360:
1199:
1029:engine. The project designated as the
5992:World War II British fighter aircraft
4880:
3489:"The RAF'S 47 mm Class P Gun Project"
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
1977:
1484:Tempest pilots, including French ace
1146:was also embedded into the wing. The
957:ended before they could be deployed.
39:, during a test flight, November 1944
4509:Hawker Typhoon, Tempest and Sea Fury
4374:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947
4098:"Sywell Aviation Museum on Facebook"
3902:"Fluglehrzentrum F-4F JG 72, JBG 36"
3699:
3608:
3486:
3331:"Discussion on first 100 Tempest V."
3312:
2948:Thomas and Shores 1988, pp. 18, 105.
2224:33 ft 8 in (10.26 m)
1588:it was roughly akin to the American
1583:A Tempest TT Mk. V target tug, 1948.
1053:
195:, was an improved derivative of the
4750:Watkins, David and Phil Listemann.
4633:. Somerton, UK: CrΓ©cy Books, 1993.
4450:Scale Models Magazine Vol. 4, No 2.
2230:41 ft 0 in (12.50 m)
1651:London Victory Celebrations of 1946
1562:
717:The first production Tempest Mk. V
612:fitted to Typhoons, and a modified
389:Mark IV version of the Napier Sabre
375:. This eliminated the distinctive "
287:. The Typhoon's wing, which used a
13:
4767:
4624:Pilot's Notes for Hawker Tempest V
4349:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
4323:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
4264:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
4180:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
4154:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
4128:. Hawkertempest.se. Archived from
3642:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, pp. 2, 7β8.
3073:
2035:'. In 1989, it was transferred to
980:The original Tempest V prototype,
509:One Tempest Mk.III (serial number
498:Two Tempest Mk.II (serial numbers
259:During development of the earlier
14:
6003:
4835:
4541:. London: Blandford Press, 1989.
2374:1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs
2242:302 sq ft (28.1 m)
2093:Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group
2053:Under restoration/privately owned
516:One Tempest Mk.IV (serial number
436:, again with the small tail unit.
4608:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk, Michal and Karel Susa.
4472:Camera Above the Clouds Volume 1
4339:
4313:
4302:
4254:
4240:
4222:
4196:
4170:
3369:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, pp. 2, 4.
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2805:
2645:List of aircraft of World War II
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2456:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2069:- under restoration to fly with
1964:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1912:
1906:List of Hawker Tempest operators
1883:
1871:
1856:
1851:. Note the underwing bomb racks.
1836:
1821:
1812:Tempest Mk. VI β F. Mk. VI (F.6)
1766:Tempest Mk. V β F. Mk. V β (F.5)
1659:Malayan National Liberation Army
1392:and Fw 190 fighters to counter.
1101:, were used until 20 April 1944.
1057:
960:
850:
570:
552:
523:One Tempest Mk.V (serial number
289:NACA 4 digit series wing section
29:
5982:Single-engined tractor aircraft
4401:
4372:Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1947).
4144:
4118:
4104:
4090:
4075:
3985:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 193.
3979:
3961:
3956:The Typhoon & Tempest Story
3948:
3945:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 129.
3939:
3924:
3894:
3885:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3822:
3807:Shores and Thomas 2008, p. 678.
3762:
3759:Shores and Thomas 2008, p. 679.
3753:
3731:
3690:
3687:Thomas and Shores 2008, p. 584.
3681:
3569:
3540:
3529:
3470:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 112.
3464:
3452:
3443:
3398:
3339:
3324:
3303:
3300:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 107.
3276:
3267:
3195:"HAWKER'S FASTEST FURY β LA610"
3187:
3116:
3091:
3048:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 106.
3028:
3019:
2998:Journal of Aeronautical History
2984:Thomas and Shores 1988, p. 105.
2860:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2754:
2744:
2735:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2381:rockets (post-Second World War)
2360:4 Γ 20 mm (0.787 in)
2326:4,700 ft/min (24 m/s)
2080:- under restoration to fly for
1661:during the early stages of the
1275:. The new Wing was part of the
1150:were fitted with spring-loaded
1122:Tempest II, for which a single
877:, and was clean and effective.
681:
432:First prototype Tempest Mk. II
396:Ministry of Aircraft Production
318:laminar flow wing developed by
183:that was primarily used by the
5972:1940s British fighter aircraft
4569:The Hawker Typhoon and Tempest
3536:http://i.imgur.com/brlZOwU.png
2987:
2942:
2933:
2683:
2662:
2377:8 Γ 3 in (76.20 mm)
2370:2 Γ 500 lb (230 kg)
2320:36,500 ft (11,100 m)
2175:3-view drawing of a Tempest II
1452:Against advanced German planes
945:and would have formed part of
859:Tempest Mk. II prototype with
1:
4737:The Typhoon and Tempest Story
4427:. London, UK: Airlife, 1994.
4087:. Retrieved: 3 November 2009.
3449:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, p. 30.
3426:"Tempest Armament/Drop tanks"
2853:Vickers, Rolls-Royce and the
2650:
2167:Specifications (Tempest Mk.V)
2160:Royal Air Force Museum London
2127:
1992:Royal Air Force Museum London
1551:, an American who joined the
690:Tempest Mk. V prototype with
596:, flown by Philip Lucas from
423:
171:in the sky above a farmhouse.
5987:Aircraft first flown in 1942
4852:Hawker Tempest V Performance
4702:Shores, Christopher (2006).
3726:wwiiaircraftperformance.org.
3710:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, p. 4.
3696:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, p. 3.
3619:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, p. 2.
3321:OvΔΓ‘ΔΓk and Susa 2000, p. 1.
2918:
2655:
2183:Rear fuselage and tail of a
2116:- Kermit Weeks, Florida, USA
2095:for incorporating into RB396
2017:
1899:
1863:Tempest Mk. III β Prototype
1737:Tempest F.B. Mk. II β (FB.2)
1516:, known to base Me 262s and
546:Cockpit and rudder evolution
7:
4591:"Napier Flight Development"
4539:Hawker Tempest and Sea Fury
4489:. Hinckley: Midland, 2004.
4386:Bridgman 1946, pp. 126β127.
4206:. Caa.co.uk. Archived from
3908:(in German). Archived from
3723:"Tempest MK V Performance."
2598:North American P-51 Mustang
2497:
2254:Hawker H.14/14/37.5 ;
1803:Tempest T.T. Mk. 5 β (TT.5)
1705:
1668:
1611:
1492:in April 1945. In his book
1264:" (ALG), where they formed
645:was converted to Sabre II.
641:the first prototype) until
371:of the wing inboard of the
94:Royal New Zealand Air Force
10:
6008:
4650:Typhoon and Tempest at War
4554:Hawker Aircraft Since 1920
3936:Retrieved: 1 January 2012.
3882:Retrieved: 1 January 2012.
3750:Retrieved: 1 January 2012.
3738:"Undercarriage blueprint."
3728:Retrieved: 10 August 2010.
3336:Retrieved: 1 January 2012.
2689:Camm later remarked: "The
2194:Closeup head-on view of a
1903:
1828:Tempest Mk. I β Prototype
901:, production was delayed.
810:47 mm anti tank gun trials
477:Tempest Mk. III prototype
254:
5831:
5635:
4919:
4665:Typhoon/Tempest in Action
4100:. Sywell Aviation Museum.
3891:Clostermann 1953, p. 181.
3828:Air Ministry 1944, p. 16.
2603:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2504:
2106:
1779:Tempest F. Mk. V Series 2
1773:Tempest F. Mk. V Series 1
1731:Tempest F. Mk. II β (F.2)
1590:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
1430:Second Tactical Air Force
1277:Second Tactical Air Force
1049:
840:Vickers 40 mm Class S gun
448:engine and corresponding
271:, otherwise known as the
151:
141:
133:
125:
117:
112:
104:
81:
69:
59:
49:
44:
28:
23:
4857:U.S. report on Tempest V
4706:. Classic Publications.
4459:. London: Studio, 1946.
4003:"Tempest Mark III (F.3)"
3357:Bentley 1973, pp. 92β93.
2123:- stored, Blackbushe, UK
1986:A preserved Tempest II,
1553:Royal Canadian Air Force
1536:Air combat success ratio
951:British and Commonwealth
899:South-East Asian theatre
676:Gloster Aircraft Company
540:, that would fly first.
344:for the four 20 mm
293:thickness-to-chord ratio
16:British fighter aircraft
4847:The Hawker Tempest Page
4584:The Hawker Tempest IβIV
4058:"Tempest Mark VI (F.6)"
3973:The Hawker Tempest Page
3170:"Tempest Mark II (F.2)"
2930:Mason 1967, pp. 14, 16.
2291:de Havilland Hydromatic
2209:General characteristics
2142:Indian Air Force Museum
1843:Tempest Mk. II β Early
1621:, which was a proposed
1425:Unternehmen Bodenplatte
1347:Operation Market Garden
1325:Early Tempest Mk. V of
1262:Advanced Landing Ground
559:Tempest Mk.V prototype
216:Operation Market Garden
4033:"Tempest Mark V (F.5)"
3837:Mason 1967, pp. 10β11.
3628:Mason 1967, pp. 11-12.
2765:College of Aeronautics
2198:
2187:
2176:
2014:
2013:, on suspended display
2002:
1584:
1576:
1345:in England, supported
1338:
1318:
1233:
1213:
1167:
1102:
970:
909:
864:
823:
722:
695:
481:
437:
336:was changed to a near-
311:
250:Design and development
172:
4678:Shores, Christopher.
4629:Rawlings, John D. R.
4500:Clostermann, Pierre.
4204:"HAWKER TEMPEST MK V"
3858:Shores 2006 pp497β498
3783:Mason 1967, p. 7, 10.
2763:was presented to the
2193:
2182:
2174:
2008:
1985:
1582:
1570:
1390:Messerschmitt Bf 109G
1324:
1312:
1219:
1207:
1165:
1092:
1021:Drawing board designs
968:
907:
858:
817:
727:serial number prefix
716:
689:
476:
431:
417:specification F.10/41
305:
166:
3678:Buttler 2004, p. 30.
3493:quarry.nildram.co.uk
3148:Mason 1967, pp. 4β5.
3113:Mason 1967, pp. 4-6.
3034:Bentley 1973, p. 95.
3000:, Paper No. 2013/02.
2960:Mason 1967, pp. 3β4.
2730:Hawker Fury/Sea Fury
2674:Critical Mach number
2608:Supermarine Spitfire
2588:Messerschmitt Bf 109
2566:Hawker Fury/Sea Fury
1990:, on display at the
1785:Tempest Mk. V "(PV)"
1716:inline piston engine
1623:British Commonwealth
1602:de Havilland Vampire
1506:Messerschmitt Me 262
1477:β "1st Fighter Wing
1446:Gilze-Rijen airfield
746:Hispano Mk.II cannon
659:Supermarine Spitfire
468:Rolls Royce Griffons
306:Tempest I prototype
297:Supermarine Spitfire
230:Messerschmitt Me 262
5678:F.20/27 Interceptor
4445:Bentley, Arthur L.
4425:Tempest over Europe
4353:on 12 November 2014
4327:on 12 November 2014
4268:on 12 November 2014
4250:. Hawkertempest.se.
4184:on 12 November 2014
4158:on 12 November 2014
4132:on 12 November 2014
3969:"Tempest Victories"
3666:Mason 1991, p. 340.
3654:Mason 1991, p. 342.
3575:Mason 1991, p. 339.
3546:Mason 1991, p. 337.
3526:Mason 1991, p. 336.
3404:Mason 1991, p. 334.
3345:Mason 1991, p. 333.
3264:Mason 1991, p. 332.
3199:navalairhistory.com
3136:Mason 1991, p. 331.
2560:Related development
1751:Rolls-Royce Griffon
1684:Pakistani Air Force
1598:de Havilland Hornet
1304:RAF Fighter Command
1246:Article XV squadron
1220:A Tempest Mk. V of
1200:Operational history
777:gyroscopic gunsight
470:followed in June.
446:Rolls-Royce Vulture
45:General information
5648:Australian Fighter
4582:Mason, Francis K.
4567:Mason, Francis K.
4552:Mason, Francis K.
4522:Halliday, Hugh A.
4470:Brown, Charles E.
4410:My Part of the Sky
4395:Mason 1967, p. 16.
4290:. Hawkertempest.se
3867:(pp. 273β274)
3795:Mason 1967, p. 10.
3743:2008-03-26 at the
3605:Mason 1967, p. 12.
3566:Mason 1967, p. 11.
3517:Mason 1967, p. 13.
3282:Buttler, 2004 p 20
3201:. 21 February 2018
2993:J. A. D. Ackroyd.
2613:Vought F4U Corsair
2275:Oil tank capacity:
2199:
2188:
2177:
2144:, New Delhi, India
2015:
2003:
1978:Surviving aircraft
1585:
1577:
1573:Battle of Normandy
1498:No. 3 Squadron RAF
1486:Pierre Clostermann
1339:
1319:
1234:
1222:486 Squadron RNZAF
1214:
1212:, the Netherlands.
1168:
1108:Focke-Wulf Fw 190s
1103:
1069:. You can help by
992:was dispatched to
971:
910:
865:
824:
781:reflector gunsight
723:
696:
598:Langley, Berkshire
488:One Tempest Mk.I (
482:
438:
356:, with a 76 I
312:
228:aircraft like the
173:
98:Pakistan Air Force
5959:
5958:
4920:By project number
4829:978-1-906537-01-2
4760:978-2-9526381-3-5
4745:978-0-85368-878-5
4697:DVD, IWM Footage.
4673:978-0-89747-232-6
4644:Reed, Arthur and
4440:Aeroplane Monthly
4423:Beamont, Roland.
4408:Beamont, Roland.
4114:. Aerial Visuals.
4082:"Hawker Tempest."
3912:on 5 January 2016
3880:hawkertempest.se.
3877:"Hawker Tempest."
3772:Popular Mechanics
3748:hawkertempest.se.
3395:Mason 1967, p. 7.
3309:Buttler 2004 p 20
3252:Mason 1967, p. 6.
3232:Mason 1967, p. 5.
3070:Mason 1967, p. 4.
3016:Mason 1967, p. 3.
2769:Fantasy of Flight
2678:Battle of Britain
2618:Focke-Wulf Ta 152
2557:
2556:
2364:cannon, 200 rpg..
2330:Time to altitude:
1847:production model
1663:Malayan Emergency
1604:, as well as the
1371:ALG B.80 (Volkel)
1343:forward airfields
1284:Normandy landings
1242:486 (NZ) Squadron
1124:Bristol Centaurus
1087:
1086:
969:A Tempest Mk. VI.
875:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
455:Bristol Centaurus
161:
160:
118:Introduction date
5999:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4878:
4877:
4717:
4604:
4603:on 5 March 2016.
4537:Jackson, Robert
4396:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4317:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4062:hawkertempest.se
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4037:hawkertempest.se
4029:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4007:hawkertempest.se
3999:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3965:
3959:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3937:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3838:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3808:
3805:
3796:
3793:
3784:
3781:
3775:
3774:, February 1945.
3766:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3708:
3697:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3667:
3664:
3655:
3652:
3643:
3640:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3606:
3603:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:on 19 March 2016
3495:. Archived from
3487:Williams, A. G.
3484:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3430:hawkertempest.se
3422:
3405:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3370:
3367:
3358:
3355:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3334:rafcommands.com.
3328:
3322:
3319:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3273:Buttler 2004 p21
3271:
3265:
3262:
3253:
3250:
3233:
3230:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:hawkertempest.se
3166:
3149:
3146:
3137:
3134:
3123:
3122:Buttler 2004 p18
3120:
3114:
3111:
3098:
3097:Buttler 2004 p18
3095:
3089:
3088:Buttler 2004 p18
3086:
3071:
3068:
3049:
3046:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3001:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2961:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2687:
2681:
2666:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2355:
2318:Service ceiling:
2301:
2211:
2197:
2186:
2045:Sywell Aerodrome
1970:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1887:
1875:
1860:
1840:
1825:
1700:British Columbia
1680:Indian Air Force
1563:Other activities
1466:
1421:
1387:
1292:V-1 flying bombs
1099:Invasion stripes
1082:
1079:
1061:
1054:
1027:Rolls-Royce R.46
786:Two Tempest Vs,
700:Hawker Hurricane
592:, conducted its
574:
556:
291:, had a maximum
189:Second World War
181:fighter aircraft
129:2 September 1942
90:Indian Air Force
54:Fighter aircraft
33:
21:
20:
6007:
6006:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5977:Hawker aircraft
5962:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5833:Hawker Siddeley
5827:
5631:
4915:
4912:Hawker Siddeley
4905:
4838:
4833:
4770:
4768:Further reading
4765:
4720:Thomas, Chris.
4714:
4663:Scutts, Jerry.
4589:
4485:Buttler, Tony.
4404:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3954:from tables in
3953:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3745:Wayback Machine
3736:
3732:
3721:
3714:
3709:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3641:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3609:
3604:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3485:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3236:
3231:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3074:
3069:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3004:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2688:
2684:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2505:External videos
2500:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2362:Mark II Hispano
2356:
2351:
2297:
2207:
2195:
2184:
2169:
2130:
2109:
2055:
2020:
2009:A Tempest TT.5
1980:
1965:
1963:
1951:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1925:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1746:Tempest Mk. III
1708:
1671:
1614:
1565:
1557:prisoner of war
1546:David Fairbanks
1538:
1525:quadruple 20 mm
1464:
1454:
1419:
1385:
1268:, commanded by
1260:in Kent a new "
1202:
1193:flight controls
1083:
1077:
1074:
1067:needs expansion
1052:
1035:contra-rotating
1023:
963:
931:service ceiling
853:
812:
684:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
575:
566:
565:
564:
557:
548:
547:
426:
346:Hispano cannons
285:compressibility
257:
252:
239:as part of the
237:South-East Asia
212:V-1 flying bomb
185:Royal Air Force
169:V-1 flying bomb
156:Hawker Sea Fury
100:
96:
92:
86:Royal Air Force
76:Hawker Aircraft
60:National origin
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6005:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5941:P.1127 Kestrel
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5848:
5843:
5837:
5835:
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5826:
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5805:
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5780:
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5715:
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5700:
5695:
5690:
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5645:
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5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
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5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
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5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
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5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4837:
4836:External links
4834:
4832:
4831:
4817:
4802:
4787:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4748:
4733:
4718:
4712:
4699:
4695:Tempest at War
4691:
4676:
4661:
4646:Roland Beamont
4642:
4627:
4621:
4606:
4587:
4580:
4565:
4550:
4535:
4520:
4507:Darling, Kev.
4505:
4498:
4483:
4468:
4453:
4443:
4436:
4421:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4364:
4338:
4312:
4301:
4279:
4253:
4239:
4234:Hawker Tempest
4221:
4210:on 22 May 2014
4195:
4169:
4143:
4117:
4103:
4089:
4074:
4049:
4019:
3987:
3978:
3960:
3947:
3938:
3923:
3893:
3884:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3776:
3761:
3752:
3730:
3712:
3698:
3689:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3630:
3621:
3607:
3577:
3568:
3548:
3539:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3472:
3463:
3451:
3442:
3406:
3397:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3338:
3323:
3311:
3302:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3254:
3234:
3212:
3186:
3150:
3138:
3124:
3115:
3099:
3090:
3072:
3050:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3002:
2986:
2962:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2771:at Polk city,
2753:
2743:
2734:
2718:
2709:
2699:
2682:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:Nakajima Ki-84
2590:
2585:
2583:Lavochkin La-7
2574:
2573:
2571:Hawker Typhoon
2568:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2530:
2519:
2518:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2455:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2414:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2365:
2349:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2324:Rate of climb:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2306:Maximum speed:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2268:Fuel capacity:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2145:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2085:
2074:
2063:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2019:
2016:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1972:United Kingdom
1961:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1904:Main article:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:Tempest Mk. IV
1755:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1723:Tempest Mk. II
1720:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1670:
1667:
1635:RAF Aston Down
1613:
1610:
1606:Gloster Meteor
1564:
1561:
1537:
1534:
1514:Rheine-Hopsten
1470:Jagdgeschwader
1458:Heinkel He 162
1453:
1450:
1273:Roland Beamont
1270:Wing Commander
1201:
1198:
1138:was of a near-
1117:Hydromatic or
1095:Hawker Typhoon
1085:
1084:
1078:September 2016
1064:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1022:
1019:
962:
959:
919:shadow factory
852:
849:
811:
808:
683:
680:
576:
569:
568:
567:
558:
551:
550:
549:
545:
544:
543:
542:
529:
528:
521:
514:
507:
496:
450:Hawker Tornado
425:
422:
324:North American
269:Hawker P. 1012
261:Hawker Typhoon
256:
253:
251:
248:
197:Hawker Typhoon
177:Hawker Tempest
159:
158:
153:
152:Developed into
149:
148:
146:Hawker Typhoon
143:
142:Developed from
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
64:United Kingdom
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6004:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
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5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
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5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
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5922:
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5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
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5892:
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5887:
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5882:
5879:
5877:
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5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5763:
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5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
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5538:
5535:
5533:
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5528:
5525:
5523:
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5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
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5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
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5468:
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5450:
5448:
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5443:
5440:
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5435:
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5430:
5428:
5425:
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5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4814:1-903223-60-1
4811:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:1-903223-41-5
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:1-903223-40-7
4781:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:1-85532-779-1
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4688:0-356-08338-1
4685:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:0-7110-0542-7
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:0-947554-24-6
4636:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4618:80-902559-2-2
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:0-946627-19-3
4574:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:0-85177-839-9
4559:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4547:0-7137-1684-3
4544:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:0-921022-06-9
4529:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:1-86126-620-0
4514:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:1-85780-179-2
4492:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:0-906393-31-0
4477:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4465:1-85170-493-0
4462:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:1-85310-452-3
4430:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:1-85260-079-9
4415:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4392:
4383:
4375:
4368:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4289:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3957:
3951:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3780:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3625:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3572:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3446:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3401:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3318:
3316:
3306:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3119:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3094:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2923:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2738:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2713:
2703:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:Related lists
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2544:
2541:
2532:
2529:
2520:
2517:
2508:
2503:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2422:(interceptor)
2418:
2409:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:Wing loading:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2312:Combat range:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:Gross weight:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2196:Tempest Mk.II
2192:
2185:Tempest Mk.II
2181:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1973:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1711:Tempest Mk. I
1710:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:The Big Show,
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:squadrons of
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1296:labour strike
1293:
1289:
1288:Low Countries
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:RAF Newchurch
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:tip clearance
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1128:radial engine
1125:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1065:This section
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1014:target towing
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
967:
961:Tempest Mk.VI
958:
956:
952:
949:, a proposed
948:
944:
940:
934:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
906:
902:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:radial engine
862:
861:bubble canopy
857:
851:Tempest Mk.II
848:
845:
841:
837:
836:anti-tank gun
833:
829:
821:
816:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:
755:
752:
747:
742:
739:
735:
731:
730:
720:
715:
711:
709:
705:
701:
693:
692:bubble canopy
688:
679:
677:
671:
669:
663:
660:
656:
651:
648:
644:
639:
634:
632:
631:Boscombe Down
628:
624:
620:
615:
611:
610:bubble canopy
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:maiden flight
591:
580:
579:bubble canopy
573:
562:
555:
541:
539:
535:
526:
522:
519:
515:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
494:
491:
490:serial number
487:
486:
485:
480:
475:
471:
469:
464:
459:
456:
451:
447:
443:
435:
430:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:undercarriage
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
325:
321:
317:
309:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:cross section
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
247:
245:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
226:jet-propelled
223:
222:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:(RAF) in the
186:
182:
179:is a British
178:
170:
165:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
82:Primary users
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
38:
35:A Tempest V,
32:
27:
22:
19:
5802:
5046:
5041:
4986:
4870:
4820:
4805:
4790:
4775:
4751:
4736:
4721:
4703:
4694:
4679:
4664:
4649:
4630:
4623:
4609:
4601:the original
4594:
4583:
4568:
4553:
4538:
4523:
4508:
4502:The Big Show
4501:
4486:
4471:
4456:
4449:
4442:, June 1992.
4439:
4424:
4409:
4402:Bibliography
4391:
4382:
4373:
4367:
4355:. Retrieved
4351:the original
4341:
4329:. Retrieved
4325:the original
4315:
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4266:the original
4256:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:the original
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4182:the original
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4156:the original
4146:
4134:. Retrieved
4130:the original
4120:
4106:
4092:
4084:
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4061:
4052:
4040:. Retrieved
4036:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3941:
3933:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3910:the original
3905:
3896:
3887:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3833:
3824:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3747:
3733:
3725:
3692:
3683:
3624:
3571:
3542:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:the original
3492:
3466:
3461:1946, p. 91.
3458:
3454:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3429:
3400:
3341:
3333:
3326:
3305:
3278:
3269:
3203:. Retrieved
3198:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3173:
3118:
3093:
3030:
3021:
2997:
2989:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2702:
2685:
2670:Mach numbers
2664:
2623:
2622:
2576:
2575:
2559:
2558:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2458:
2449:Tempest II:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2371:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2162:, Hendon, UK
2155:
2148:
2137:
2121:G-PEST/MW401
2120:
2114:LA607/N607LA
2113:
2099:
2089:G-TMPV/JN768
2088:
2082:Kermit Weeks
2078:N7027E/EJ693
2077:
2073:, Texas, USA
2071:Nelson Ezell
2066:
2059:
2032:
2028:
2025:G-TEMT/MW763
2024:
2010:
1987:
1891:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1829:
1802:
1795:) anti-tank
1784:
1778:
1772:
1736:
1730:
1687:
1672:
1615:
1586:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1523:Flakvierling
1522:
1510:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1382:
1340:
1337:, June 1944.
1314:
1300:
1281:
1254:Spitfire IXs
1235:
1189:
1169:
1133:
1126:18 cylinder
1115:de Havilland
1112:
1104:
1075:
1071:adding to it
1066:
1042:
1040:
1030:
1024:
1010:
1005:
1001:
989:
985:
981:
979:
974:
972:
935:
927:
911:
893:
889:
885:
881:
879:
866:
827:
825:
819:
799:
791:
787:
785:
774:
760:
756:
743:
728:
724:
718:
703:
697:
682:Tempest Mk.V
672:
667:
664:
654:
652:
646:
642:
637:
635:
601:
589:
587:
560:
537:
533:
530:
524:
517:
510:
503:
499:
492:
483:
478:
462:
460:
439:
433:
413:Air Ministry
393:
381:aerodynamics
369:leading edge
362:
350:leading edge
331:
327:P-51 Mustang
313:
307:
272:
268:
258:
241:Commonwealth
234:
219:
209:
204:
201:laminar flow
192:
176:
174:
126:First flight
121:January 1944
105:Number built
71:Manufacturer
36:
18:
4357:26 November
4331:26 November
4294:26 November
4272:26 November
4214:26 November
4188:26 November
4162:26 November
4136:26 November
2299:Performance
2287:Propellers:
2281:Powerplant:
2138:HA623/MW848
1947:New Zealand
1845:F.B. Mk. II
1692:New Zealand
1631:Pacific War
1619:Tiger Force
1490:Dornier 335
1397:finger-four
1379:Netherlands
1355:Mustang III
1279:(2nd TAF).
1250:56 Squadron
1230:Netherlands
955:Pacific War
947:Tiger Force
770:RAF roundel
766:static port
708:Bill Humble
623:Test pilots
600:, England.
532:prototype,
401:draughtsmen
265:Sydney Camm
244:Tiger Force
5966:Categories
5617:A.P.D.1019
4713:1903223601
2855:War Office
2651:References
2343:Power/mass
2240:Wing area:
2128:On display
2037:Brooklands
1791:(Class P,
1676:target tug
1655:guerrillas
1639:RAF Kemble
1244:(the only
1238:3 Squadron
1226:Volkel ALG
1210:B80/Volkel
1144:ammunition
1140:elliptical
975:Tempest VI
826:Tempest V
442:prototypes
424:Prototypes
342:ammunition
338:elliptical
273:Typhoon II
193:Typhoon II
5921:Sea Vixen
5846:Buccaneer
5768:Hurricane
4869:β A 1946
4288:"Summary"
4067:10 August
4042:10 August
4012:10 August
3934:etnep.de.
3916:5 January
3435:10 August
3205:14 August
3179:10 August
2919:Citations
2691:Air Staff
2656:Footnotes
2289:4-bladed
2228:Wingspan:
2202:Data from
2018:Airworthy
1900:Operators
1643:Hong Kong
1462:Luftwaffe
1438:222 Sqns.
1417:Luftwaffe
1406:Luftwaffe
1383:Luftwaffe
1377:, in the
1331:Newchurch
1181:trunnions
838:than the
804:Fw 190 V1
796:radiators
738:empennage
619:elevators
405:Claremont
365:radiators
332:The wing
221:Luftwaffe
5855:variants
5823:Woodcock
5798:Sea Hawk
5793:Sea Fury
5772:variants
5762:variants
5738:Hornbill
5713:Hedgehog
5703:Hawfinch
5658:Danecock
4914:aircraft
4085:rcaf.com
3741:Archived
3503:16 March
2707:another.
2695:Spitfire
2498:See also
2391:Variants
2353:Armament
2041:Wickenby
1959:Pakistan
1789:47 mm PV
1706:Variants
1669:Post war
1647:Malaysia
1612:Far East
1600:and the
1442:135 Wing
1367:274 Sqn.
1359:122 Wing
1266:150 Wing
1148:ailerons
1136:planform
994:Khartoum
844:gun pods
818:Tempest
734:fuselage
334:planform
316:lowβdrag
5926:Trident
5851:Harrier
5841:Andover
5818:Typhoon
5813:Tornado
5803:Tempest
5778:Kestrel
5753:Hotspur
5748:Horsley
5693:Harrier
5663:Dantorp
5636:By name
4347:"NV778"
4321:"PR536"
4262:"LA607"
4248:"MW376"
4230:"JN768"
4178:"EJ693"
4152:"MW810"
4126:"MW404"
3906:etnp.de
2773:Florida
2247:Airfoil
2234:Height:
2222:Length:
1797:gunpods
1793:Vickers
1696:Kelowna
1657:of the
1627:Okinawa
1575:, 1944.
1518:Ar 234s
1363:80 Sqn.
1232:, 1945.
1043:P.1030,
923:Banwell
915:Bristol
832:Vickers
761:Rebecca
415:issued
385:airfoil
354:cockpit
255:Origins
205:Tempest
134:Retired
113:History
24:Tempest
5951:P.1202
5946:P.1154
5936:P.1017
5931:P.139B
5916:Nimrod
5911:HS.803
5906:HS.748
5901:HS.681
5896:HS.146
5891:HS.145
5886:HS.141
5881:HS.140
5876:HS.138
5871:HS.133
5866:HS.125
5808:Tomtit
5788:Osprey
5783:Nimrod
5758:Hunter
5743:Hornet
5733:Hoopoe
5718:Henley
5708:Hector
5673:Duiker
5653:Cygnet
5612:P.1217
5607:P.1202
5602:P.1155
5597:P.1154
5592:P.1152
5587:P.1150
5582:P.1149
5577:P.1143
5572:P.1141
5567:P.1140
5562:P.1139
5557:P.1137
5552:P.1136
5547:P.1134
5542:P.1132
5537:P.1131
5532:P.1130
5527:P.1129
5522:P.1128
5517:P.1127
5512:P.1126
5507:P.1125
5502:P.1124
5497:P.1123
5492:P.1122
5487:P.1121
5482:P.1120
5477:P.1118
5472:P.1116
5467:P.1115
5462:P.1114
5457:P.1109
5452:P.1108
5447:P.1107
5442:P.1106
5437:P.1105
5432:P.1104
5427:P.1103
5422:P.1102
5417:P.1101
5412:P.1100
5407:P.1099
5402:P.1098
5397:P.1097
5392:P.1096
5387:P.1095
5382:P.1094
5377:P.1093
5372:P.1092
5367:P.1091
5362:P.1090
5357:P.1089
5352:P.1088
5347:P.1087
5342:P.1085
5337:P.1084
5332:P.1083
5327:P.1082
5322:P.1081
5317:P.1080
5312:P.1079
5307:P.1078
5302:P.1077
5297:P.1076
5292:P.1075
5287:P.1074
5282:P.1073
5277:P.1072
5272:P.1071
5267:P.1070
5262:P.1069
5257:P.1068
5252:P.1067
5247:P.1065
5242:P.1064
5237:P.1063
5232:P.1062
5227:P.1061
5222:P.1060
5217:P.1059
5212:P.1058
5207:P.1057
5202:P.1056
5197:P.1055
5192:P.1054
5187:P.1053
5182:P.1052
5177:P.1051
5172:P.1050
5167:P.1049
5162:P.1048
5157:P.1047
5152:P.1046
5147:P.1045
5142:P.1044
5137:P.1043
5132:P.1042
5127:P.1041
5122:P.1040
5117:P.1039
5112:P.1038
5107:P.1037
5102:P.1036
5097:P.1035
5092:P.1034
5087:P.1033
5082:P.1032
5077:P.1031
5072:P.1030
5067:P.1029
5062:P.1028
5057:P.1027
5052:P.1025
5047:P.1024
5042:P.1023
5037:P.1022
5032:P.1021
5027:P.1020
5022:P.1019
5017:P.1018
5012:P.1017
5007:P.1016
5002:P.1015
4997:P.1014
4992:P.1013
4987:P.1012
4982:P.1011
4977:P.1010
4972:P.1009
4967:P.1008
4962:P.1007
4957:P.1006
4952:P.1005
4947:P.1004
4942:P.1003
4937:P.1002
4932:P.1001
4927:P.1000
4908:Hawker
4871:Flight
4827:
4812:
4797:
4782:
4758:
4743:
4728:
4710:
4686:
4671:
4656:
4637:
4616:
4596:Flight
4575:
4560:
4545:
4530:
4515:
4493:
4478:
4463:
4431:
4416:
3459:Flight
2147:Mk.II
2136:Mk.II
2119:Mk.II
2112:Mk.II
2107:Stored
2098:Mk.II
2065:Mk.II
2058:Mk.II
2029:'MW763
2023:Mk.II
2000:London
1996:Hendon
1969:
1944:
1931:
1920:Canada
1917:
1594:VE Day
1460:, the
1413:trains
1327:3 Sqn.
1228:, the
1185:Dunlop
1050:Design
1031:P.1027
606:canopy
479:LA610.
5723:Heron
5688:Hardy
5668:Demon
5643:Audax
5627:P.V.4
5622:P.V.3
2761:LA607
2726:LA610
2451:Rotol
2367:with
2271:wings
2252:root:
2216:Crew:
2156:NV778
2154:TT.5
2149:PR536
2100:MW376
2087:Mk.V
2084:, USA
2076:Mk.V
2067:MW810
2060:MW404
2033:HA586
2011:NV778
1988:PR536
1934:India
1892:NX201
1865:LA610
1849:PR533
1830:HM599
1690:, in
1688:MW376
1479:Oesau
1474:Oesau
1465:'
1420:'
1386:'
1373:near
1351:Rhine
1315:JN766
1177:Dowty
1119:Rotol
1006:JN750
1002:EJ841
998:Sudan
990:HM595
986:HM595
982:HM595
943:Japan
939:Rotol
921:near
894:LA607
890:LA607
886:LA602
882:LA602
828:SN354
820:SN354
800:NV768
792:NV768
788:EJ518
719:JN729
704:JN729
668:HM599
655:LA610
647:HM599
643:HM595
638:HM599
602:HM595
590:HM595
561:HM595
538:HM595
534:HM599
525:HM595
518:LA614
511:LA610
504:LA607
500:LA602
493:HM599
463:HM595
434:LA602
409:Esher
308:HM599
108:1,702
37:NV696
5861:Hawk
5728:Hind
5698:Hart
5683:Fury
4910:and
4825:ISBN
4810:ISBN
4795:ISBN
4780:ISBN
4756:ISBN
4741:ISBN
4726:ISBN
4708:ISBN
4684:ISBN
4669:ISBN
4654:ISBN
4635:ISBN
4614:ISBN
4573:ISBN
4558:ISBN
4543:ISBN
4528:ISBN
4513:ISBN
4491:ISBN
4476:ISBN
4461:ISBN
4429:ISBN
4414:ISBN
4359:2014
4333:2014
4296:2014
4274:2014
4216:2014
4190:2014
4164:2014
4138:2014
4069:2021
4044:2021
4014:2021
3918:2016
3505:2012
3437:2021
3207:2021
3181:2021
2751:War.
2379:RP-3
2256:tip:
1645:and
1637:and
1481:").
1436:and
1375:Uden
1335:Kent
1156:roll
1152:tabs
1004:and
790:and
751:RP-3
502:and
377:chin
320:NACA
277:wing
175:The
137:1953
50:Type
1549:DFC
1440:of
1224:at
1073:.
629:at
614:fin
358:gal
5968::
4648:.
4593:.
4232:.
4060:.
4035:.
4022:^
4005:.
3990:^
3971:.
3842:^
3812:^
3800:^
3788:^
3715:^
3701:^
3671:^
3659:^
3647:^
3633:^
3610:^
3580:^
3551:^
3491:.
3475:^
3428:.
3409:^
3374:^
3362:^
3350:^
3314:^
3287:^
3257:^
3237:^
3215:^
3197:.
3172:.
3153:^
3141:^
3127:^
3102:^
3075:^
3053:^
3039:^
3005:^
2965:^
2953:^
2697:."
2372:or
2158:-
2140:-
1998:,
1994:,
1698:,
1665:.
1530:No
1472:1
1434:33
1422:s
1388:s
1365:,
1333:,
996:,
806:.
729:JN
710:.
407:,
246:.
232:.
5857:)
5853:(
5774:)
5770:(
5764:)
5760:(
4900:e
4893:t
4886:v
4816:.
4801:.
4786:.
4762:.
4747:.
4732:.
4716:.
4690:.
4675:.
4660:.
4641:.
4620:.
4605:.
4579:.
4564:.
4549:.
4534:.
4519:.
4497:.
4482:.
4467:.
4435:.
4420:.
4361:.
4335:.
4298:.
4276:.
4236:.
4218:.
4192:.
4166:.
4140:.
4071:.
4046:.
4016:.
3975:.
3920:.
3507:.
3439:.
3209:.
3183:.
2775:.
2345::
2249::
2218:1
1894:.
1528:"
1080:)
1076:(
736:/
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