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358:, and making no significant effort to regain Sweden's lost Baltic empire. Those opposed to this peaceful policy derisively nicknamed his adherents "Night-caps", and these epithets became party badges when the estates met in 1738. The Hats routed the government, and Horn was compelled to retire after 33 years in high office. Now in power, the Hats aimed at restoring Sweden to her former position as a great power, and sought to renew the traditional alliance with
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met in 1760, the indignation against the Hat leaders was so violent that an impeachment seemed inevitable; but once more the superiority of their parliamentary tactics prevailed, and when, after a session of twenty months, the
Riksdag was brought to a close by the mutual consent of both the exhausted
408:, and the result was ruinous. The French had not provided nearly enough money for a long war, and, after several years of unsuccessful fighting, the unhappy Hats made peace, withdrawing from a war which had cost the country 40,000 men. When the
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factions, the Hat government was bolstered up for another four years. But the day of reckoning could not be postponed forever; and when the estates met in 1765 the Hats were comprehensively removed from power. The leader of the Caps,
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of
Holstein, were elected successor to the Swedish crown. The Hats eagerly caught at the opportunity of recovering the grand duchy and their own prestige along with it. By the
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The Hats returned briefly to power in the
Riksdag of 1769, but were soon once again defeated by the Caps. Against a backdrop of Russian encroachment, King
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had no legitimate children, and it fell to the
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In the 1750s, the Hats saw the utter collapse of their foreign system. At the instigation of France they entered the
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Freedom of
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Gender and
Politics in Eighteenth-Century Sweden: Queen Louisa Ulrika (1720-1782)
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Geography: Discipline, Profession and
Subject since 1870: An International Survey
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hat worn by officers and gentlemen. They vied for power with the opposing
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The first sign of weakness in the Hats' government came after the
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generously financed the Hat party for the next two generations.
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party. In 18th century
Swedish politics, the Hats represented
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and an assertive foreign policy, especially towards
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446:These representatives of the Hats were elected as
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294:(1719–1772). Their name derives from the
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