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and is described as "forthright in his condemnation both of journalists who committed excesses and of proprietors who profited from them" and as a "doughty defender of press freedom". In
October 1974, he poured scorn on a Labour Party pamphlet that recommended the application of "internal democracy"
959:
to editorial policy, saying "This means that... there would be some sort of committee consisting at the best of a mixture of van drivers, press operators, electricians and the rest, with no doubt a few journalists, but more probably composed of trade union officials, to deal with editorial policy."
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and demonstrated that the laws that the defendants had broken, expressed in international treaties and agreements, were those to which prewar
Germany had been a party. In his closing speech, he ridiculed any notion that any of the defendants could have remained ignorant of
742:, and French prosecutors. Shawcross's opening speech, which lasted two days, 26 and 27 July 1946, sought to undermine any belief that the Nuremberg Trials were "victor's justice" in the sense of being revenge exacted against defeated foes. He focused on the
651:
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Dexter a lion Argent gorged with a chain Sable pendant therefrom an escutcheon also Sable charged with a balance Or sinister a griffin Sable armed and langued Azure gorged with a chain pendent therefrom a portcullis
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to the Third
International Rule, built in 1936, which he kept at his home in Cornwall. A later skipper of the boat, John Crill, recalls being told that Lord Shawcross, "when the election was due in about 1951, had
730:
Shawcross's advocacy before the
Nuremberg Trial was passionate. His most famous line was: "There comes a point when a man must refuse to answer to his leader if he is also to answer to his own conscience".
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1093:. Lady Shawcross died on 2 March 2013. His family opposed the marriage out of concern for Shawcross' declining abilities in old age; they had him placed under the supervision of the
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751:, extermination of thousands of Germans because they were old or mentally ill. He used the same argument in respect of millions of other people "annihilated in the
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Reports on the causes of and circumstances attending the explosion which occurred at
Gresford Colliery, Denbigh on 22nd September, 1934
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During his initial career as a barrister, Shawcross was part of the legal team hired by the colliery owners at the inquiry into the
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Beloff, Michael (2007). "Shawcross, Hartley
William, Baron Shawcross (1902–2003), barrister, politician, and businessman".
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or by shooting" and maintained that each of the 22 defendants was a party to "common murder in its most ruthless forms".
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At the age of 95, he married
Susanne Monique (née Jansen), formerly wife of Gerald B. Huiskamp, on 18 April 1997 in
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He was the
President of the charity Attend (then National Association of Leagues of Hospital Friends) from 1962–72.
555:(1871–1966) and Hilda Constance (died 1942), daughter of G. Asser. At this time, his father was teaching English at
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Lord
Shawcross was married three times. His first wife, Alberta Rosita Shyvers (m. 24 May 1924), suffered from
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in 1945 upon his appointment as
Attorney-General and named Chief Prosecutor for the United Kingdom at the
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1935:
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responsible for ensuring its editorial independence. He resigned on being appointed chairman of the
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Upon the battlements of a tower Proper a martlet Gules holding in the beak a cross paty fitchy Or.
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Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1999, p. 2594
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Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1999, p. 2594
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Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1999, p. 2594
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His second wife, Joan Winifred Mather (m. 21 September 1944), died in a riding accident on the
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In 1983, Shawcross chaired a Tribunal of Enquiry to handle a protest over the outcome of the
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Per pale Azure and Gules on a saltire between four annulets Argent an ermine spot Sable.
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711:, Shawcross allegedly said "We are the masters now", a phrase that came to haunt him.
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Shawcross ended his law career in 1951, the same year as the defeat of the second
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in 1946, but he was recalled in 1948 to lead for the government's interest at the
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563:(1905–1973), was a barrister and Labour party politician. Shawcross attended
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repainted with a vast 'Vote Labour' banner all the way along her topsides".
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Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal
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in January 1957, he was seen dining with the defendant's suspected lover,
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621: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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on 26 January 1974. They had three children: the author and historian
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in 1945 until 1951. In 1946, when debating the repeal of laws against
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In 1957, he was among a group of eminent British lawyers who founded
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1460:"United Nations Flag Approved by General Assembly's Legal Committee"
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During the committal hearing for the suspected serial killer doctor
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until the Labour government's defeat in the election of that year.
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This is the wording usually quoted, and is attested by eyewitness
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members of the Cabinet resigned in protest of the introduction of
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1762:"Lord Shawcross dies at 101 | Politics | the Guardian"
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Shawcross held a number of company directorships including with
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Prosecutors of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
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From 1945 to 1949, he was Britain's principal delegate to the
1647:
Debrett's Handbook 1982, Distinguished People in British Life
511:(4 February 1902 – 10 July 2003), known from 1945 to 1959 as
1740:
Website of the International Twelve Metre Association (ITMA)
1331:, but it is still a matter of dispute. For full details see
523:
politician who served as the lead British prosecutor at the
1548:
A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams
1048:
and served as chancellor of the university from 1965-85.
998:
969:
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as President of the Board of Trade after Wilson and the
527:. He also served as Britain's principal delegate to the
2915:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
1063:
Lord Shawcross's gravestone - Jevington, East Sussex.
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Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
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In 1961, he was appointed the chairman of the second
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Shawcross lent his name to a Parliamentary principle
758:
2935:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1479:"Prosecutions (Attorney-General's Responsibility)"
974:From 1965 to 1985 Shawcross was Chancellor of the
1880:"Longines Chronoscope with Sir Hartley Shawcross"
806:and was involved in the official adoption of the
2920:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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1851:contributions in Parliament by Hartley Shawcross
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1024:In the 1980s, Shawcross was sympathetic towards
897:in 1958, saying he was tired of party politics.
551:, elder son of British parents, John Shawcross,
2945:People associated with the University of Sussex
1889:Appearance on Desert Island Discs (7 July 1991)
1517:. London: Macmillan Education UK. p. 133.
1128:Lord Shawcross died on 10 July 2003 at home at
676:in counterpart representing the miners' union.
2940:Ministers in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951
1376:Examiner (Launceston, Tas. : 1900 - 1954)
2128:
1806:
1584:
1498:"The real meaning of the SNC-Lavalin affair"
1432:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1263:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1032:, but never joined another political party.
1017:'s Commission on Unethical Practices and of
1005:, Caffyns Motors Ltd, Morgan et Cie SA, and
941:. In 1967 he became one of the directors of
1894:Newspaper clippings about Hartley Shawcross
1649:. Debrett's Peerage Limited. p. 1405.
824:, in a defence of his conduct regarding an
2135:
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1862:
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1086:, Hume Shawcross and Dr Joanna Shawcross.
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954:From 1974 to 1978, he was chairman of the
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905:Shawcross was made one of Britain's first
489:Hartley William Shawcross, Baron Shawcross
62:
1495:
1476:
1230:Walker, Sir Henry, CBE LlD (Commissioner)
637:Learn how and when to remove this message
2880:Alumni of the London School of Economics
1631:(Supplement). 1 January 1974. p. 7.
1621:
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1108:. From 1947 to 1960 he was the owner of
1058:
882:(Mayor of Eastbourne from 1929–31), and
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250:14 February 1959 – 10 July 2003
91:24 April 1951 – 26 October 1951
3010:Chancellors of the University of Sussex
2975:Social Democratic Party (UK) life peers
2885:Attorneys general for England and Wales
1635:
1429:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1417:
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1402:. Vol. 19. 1946. pp. 432–528.
858:
394: 1944; died 1974)
371: 1924; died 1943)
14:
2862:
1722:"Peerage News: The Baroness Shawcross"
1644:
1550:. London, UK: Elliott & Thompson.
1545:
1477:Shawcross, Hartley (29 January 1951).
1425:
1234:Brass, John, MInstCE MIMinE (Assessor)
970:Chancellor of the University of Sussex
547:Hartley William Shawcross was born in
145:4 August 1945 – 24 April 1951
2116:
1711:Burke's Peerage 1999, vol. 2, p. 2594
1514:A History of the British Labour Party
1489:
1728:
1406:
964:1983 British Saloon Car Championship
619:adding citations to reliable sources
590:
1470:
1013:. He had served as chairman of the
725:
68:Shawcross being interviewed in 1954
24:
3005:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
2950:People educated at Dulwich College
2900:British expatriates in Switzerland
1927:Member of Parliament for St Helens
1485:. House of Commons Debates (c681).
1338:Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross
1153:
1146:
1141:Coat of arms of Hartley Shawcross
734:He avoided the crusading style of
658:Shawcross interviewed on CBS-TV's
25:
18:Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross
3021:
1860:National Portrait Gallery, London
1826:
1776:"Nazi war crimes prosecutor dies"
1580:. 17 February 1959. p. 1164.
1015:International Chamber of Commerce
990:, Lord Shawcross was appointed a
791:for giving atomic secrets to the
3000:UK MPs who were granted peerages
2955:Presidents of the Board of Trade
2848:
2144:Presidents of the Board of Trade
1911:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1882:is available for viewing at the
1832:
1496:Heintzman, Ralph (16 May 2020).
1253:– via Durham Mining Museum
1238:Jones, Joseph, CBE JP (Assessor)
1054:
814:. In 1951, he briefly served as
759:Attorney-General and UN Factotum
595:
27:English barrister and politician
1997:President of the Board of Trade
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1360:. 28 August 1945. p. 4345.
1308:. 14 August 1945. p. 4135.
1288:. 24 August 1945. p. 4294.
851:by Chancellor of the Exchequer
816:President of the Board of Trade
606:needs additional citations for
415:
391:
368:
204:5 July 1945 – May 1958
79:President of the Board of Trade
1874:, 11 July 2003 by James Morton
1856:Portraits of Hartley Shawcross
1736:"Page on the yacht "Vanity V""
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1100:Shawcross was a member of the
1021:'s Internal Advisory Council.
981:
867:. He was expected to become a
13:
1:
1645:Mosley, Charles, ed. (1982).
1188:
1019:Morgan Guaranty Trust Company
939:Royal Commission on the Press
542:
525:Nuremberg War Crimes tribunal
2925:Labour Party (UK) life peers
1965:Attorney-General for England
1597:"Obituaries: Lord Shawcross"
1446:UK public library membership
900:
799:, 'the acid bath murderer'.
537:Attorney General for England
234:Member of the House of Lords
133:Attorney-General for England
7:
2965:20th-century King's Counsel
2055:The Lord Balfour of Inchrye
1898:20th Century Press Archives
1699:"Attend VIPs | Attend"
1372:"NAZIS LEADERS LOSING HOPE"
10:
3026:
1546:Cullen, Pamela V. (2006).
808:Flag of the United Nations
670:Gresford Colliery disaster
569:London School of Economics
458:London School of Economics
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1523:10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0
1500:. The Globe and Mail Inc.
1378:. 29 July 1946. p. 1
1116:racing yacht designed by
1106:Royal Cornwall Yacht Club
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2895:British men centenarians
893:Shawcross resigned from
699:, being appointed to be
575:and read for the Bar at
430:3 (by Mather; including
404:Susanne Monique Huiskamp
2062:Senior Privy Counsellor
1920:William Albert Robinson
1511:Thorpe, Andrew (1997).
1135:
1036:Philanthropy and awards
1030:Social Democratic Party
933:Defending press freedom
909:on 14 February 1959 as
849:National Health Service
559:. His younger brother,
215:William Albert Robinson
2890:British King's Counsel
1958:Sir David Maxwell Fyfe
1837:Quotations related to
1807:Shawcross, H. (1995).
1438:10.1093/ref:odnb/92268
1158:
1151:
1064:
665:
531:immediately after the
358:Alberta Rosita Shyvers
168:Sir David Maxwell Fyfe
2930:Members of Gray's Inn
2905:Crossbench life peers
2080:The Duke of Edinburgh
1811:. London: Constable.
1792:. 2003. p. 1461.
1157:
1150:
1075:on 30 December 1943.
1062:
1003:Rank Hovis MacDougall
988:1974 New Year Honours
835:In 1951, he replaced
657:
513:Sir Hartley Shawcross
309:Cowbeech, East Sussex
2071:The Earl of Listowel
1464:United Nations Photo
1269:Section B of report.
1102:Royal Yacht Squadron
1046:University of Sussex
976:University of Sussex
859:Return to opposition
845:prescription charges
830:criminal proceedings
685:Member of Parliament
661:Longines Chronoscope
615:improve this article
573:University of Geneva
463:University of Geneva
381:Joan Winifred Mather
289:Grand Duchy of Hesse
187:Member of Parliament
37:The Right Honourable
2430:Parkinson-Fortescue
2090:The Lord Shackleton
2001:April–October 1951
1601:The Daily Telegraph
1142:
1095:Court of Protection
1011:Upjohn & Co Ltd
581:first-class honours
2007:Peter Thorneycroft
1982:Political offices
1628:The London Gazette
1577:The London Gazette
1357:The London Gazette
1305:The London Gazette
1285:The London Gazette
1159:
1152:
1140:
1069:multiple sclerosis
1065:
1009:, and chairman of
888:Lord Chief Justice
666:
557:Giessen University
126:Peter Thorneycroft
41:The Lord Shawcross
2857:
2856:
2111:
2110:
2105:The Lord Chalfont
2102:Succeeded by
2096:Senior life peer
2077:Succeeded by
2066:1988–2003
2037:Succeeded by
2004:Succeeded by
1975:Sir Frank Soskice
1972:Succeeded by
1940:Succeeded by
1839:Hartley Shawcross
1818:978-0-09-474980-1
1790:Debrett's Peerage
1742:. 20 January 2020
1557:978-1-904027-19-5
1532:978-0-333-56081-5
1444:(Subscription or
1186:
1185:
1084:William Shawcross
1026:Margaret Thatcher
921:, and sat in the
880:Sir Roland Gwynne
876:John Bodkin Adams
797:John George Haigh
655:
647:
646:
639:
515:, was an English
486:
485:
343:(1959–2003)
180:Sir Frank Soskice
16:(Redirected from
3017:
2995:UK MPs 1955–1959
2990:UK MPs 1951–1955
2985:UK MPs 1950–1951
2980:UK MPs 1945–1950
2970:Shawcross family
2910:Knights Bachelor
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2325:Vesey-Fitzgerald
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2087:Preceded by
2052:Preceded by
2047:Honorary titles
2028:Chairman of the
2019:Preceded by
1987:Preceded by
1955:Preceded by
1917:Preceded by
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1884:Internet Archive
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1679:. 11 July 2003.
1671:"Lord Shawcross"
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1007:Times Newspapers
919:County of Sussex
812:Lynskey tribunal
767:, he prosecuted
765:Attorney-General
726:Nuremberg Trials
720:Nuremberg Trials
709:House of Commons
701:Attorney General
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533:Second World War
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2017:
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2609:
2500:Lloyd George
2255:Hillsborough
2245:Hillsborough
2235:Hillsborough
2095:
2073:(1988–1997)
2069:
2060:
2027:
1995:
1963:
1925:
1878:A film clip
1871:
1844:
1841:at Wikiquote
1808:
1801:Bibliography
1789:
1784:
1770:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
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1626:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1600:
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1380:. Retrieved
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1249:21 September
1247:, retrieved
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1197:
1127:
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1118:William Fife
1109:
1099:
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1080:Sussex Downs
1077:
1071:and died by
1066:
1050:
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1023:
996:
985:
973:
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927:crossbencher
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884:Lord Goddard
873:
869:Conservative
862:
834:
820:
801:
793:Soviet Union
773:Lord Haw-Haw
762:
753:gas chambers
733:
729:
713:
705:trade unions
681:Labour Party
678:
667:
659:
633:
624:
613:Please help
608:verification
605:
546:
512:
488:
487:
341:Crossbencher
337:affiliations
304:(2003-07-10)
302:10 July 2003
253:Life peerage
245:
222:Succeeded by
199:
175:Succeeded by
140:
121:Succeeded by
86:
29:
2875:2003 deaths
2870:1902 births
2470:Hicks Beach
2445:Chamberlain
2405:Donoughmore
2160:Bridgewater
2155:Shaftesbury
1849:1803–2005:
1623:"No. 46162"
1572:"No. 41637"
1352:"No. 37243"
1300:"No. 37222"
1280:"No. 37238"
982:Later years
785:Klaus Fuchs
744:rule of law
561:Christopher
316:Nationality
210:Preceded by
163:Preceded by
109:Preceded by
2864:Categories
2380:Labouchere
2355:Labouchere
2205:FitzWalter
2200:Holderness
2180:Winchilsea
2099:1994–2003
2034:1974–1978
1969:1945–1951
1870:Obituary,
1746:5 February
1448:required.)
1320:Lord Bruce
1189:References
1176:Supporters
1170:Escutcheon
951:in 1974.
907:life peers
895:Parliament
777:John Amery
693:Lancashire
627:April 2016
577:Gray's Inn
543:Early life
450:Alma mater
278:1902-02-04
2830:Trevelyan
2800:Mandelson
2770:Mandelson
2755:Heseltine
2720:Parkinson
2715:Cockfield
2610:Shawcross
2595:Lyttelton
2585:Llewellin
2575:Lyttelton
2505:Churchill
2495:Salisbury
2415:Northcote
2375:Clarendon
2370:Dalhousie
2365:Gladstone
2315:Huskisson
2305:Clancarty
2285:Liverpool
2265:Sackville
2260:Dartmouth
2240:Dartmouth
2230:Shelburne
2225:Townshend
1685:0140-0460
1676:The Times
1382:3 January
1333:Wikiquote
1091:Gibraltar
944:The Times
901:Elevation
749:Aktion T4
689:St Helens
672:in 1934,
553:MA (Oxon)
517:barrister
439:Education
311:, England
246:In office
200:In office
192:St Helens
141:In office
87:In office
2840:Reynolds
2835:Badenoch
2645:Crosland
2625:Maulding
2560:Runciman
2520:Runciman
2475:Mundella
2460:Mundella
2455:Stanhope
2450:Richmond
2435:Adderley
2420:Richmond
2390:Cardwell
2335:Auckland
2310:Robinson
2300:Bathurst
2295:Auckland
2290:Montrose
2275:Grantham
2270:Carlisle
2190:Berkeley
2185:Guilford
2175:Stamford
2170:Weymouth
2165:Stamford
1259:citation
1130:Cowbeech
1123:Vanity V
1110:Vanity V
1104:and the
1028:and the
847:for the
841:Bevanite
736:American
716:knighted
683:and was
571:and the
427:Children
2790:Darling
2785:Johnson
2765:Beckett
2735:Channon
2730:Brittan
2565:Stanley
2540:Baldwin
2525:Stanley
2490:Balfour
2485:Ritchie
2465:Stanley
2395:Stanley
2350:Thomson
2340:Thomson
2330:Herries
2215:Halifax
2195:Suffolk
1900:of the
1896:in the
1858:at the
1846:Hansard
1607:17 July
1483:Hansard
1329:article
1073:suicide
1042:JUSTICE
994:(GBE).
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714:He was
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348:Spouses
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2745:Ridley
2725:Tebbit
2710:Biffen
2685:Jenkin
2680:Joseph
2675:Varley
2665:Walker
2660:Davies
2630:Erroll
2620:Eccles
2605:Wilson
2600:Cripps
2590:Dalton
2580:Duncan
2570:Duncan
2550:Graham
2530:Geddes
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2410:Gibson
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2220:Sandys
2210:Monson
2068:With:
1815:
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740:Soviet
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587:Career
567:, the
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478:(1945)
472:Awards
328:Labour
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2805:Cable
2775:Byers
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2635:Heath
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