423:" an Anglicized or Romanized variant of Harthacnut. The hoard dates to the early 10th century, but the style is similar to coins of other viking kings of Northumbria. The coin of Airdeconut could relate to an otherwise unknown Northumbrian viking king, or it could relate to an already known Harthacnut such as the Harthacnut of Denmark. It's thus not inconceivable that the same person could have ruled in both Northumbria and in Denmark, perhaps not at the same time? However, some have suggested that the Northmannia from which Adam's Danish conqueror Hardegon came may be Northumbria, or that it may be Normandy, with which one recent linguistic analysis would connect the spelling of the name
696:
36:
407:. It reports that king Sven went from Norway to England, where he expelled king Ethelred, and that his sons Harthacnut and Gorm conquered Denmark, killing king Haraldus. Denmark was then taken by Gorm and England by Harthacnut.
271:
Adam then relates that after
Sigtrygg reigned a short time, during the tenure of Archbishop Hoger of Bremen (909–915/917), Hardegon, son of Sweyn, came from "Northmannia" the "land of the Northmen," by which he may have meant
402:
contains what appears to be a confused rendering that appears to combine aspects of Adam of Bremen's account of the conquest of
Denmark by Hardegon, son of Sweyn from Norway, with the later Danish conquest of England by
359:) have taken these as indications that Sigtrygg's father Gnupa still ruled at least part of Denmark much later than credited by Adam of Bremen, and his dynasty was only displaced by Harthacnut's son, Gorm.
185:
relates the acts of the sons of Ragnar
Lodbrok, and proceeds to link them genealogically to the later rulers of the Scandinavian kingdoms. For Denmark, it relates that by Blaeja, the daughter of King
462:(Holy Asfrith carved this gravestone, Odinkar's daughter, after Sigtrygg, king, her son and Gnupa's). A. V. Storm, "Pages of Early Danish History, from the Runic Monuments of Sleswick and Jutland",
209:, and he was father of Gorm. Scholarly opinion is divided as to the degree to which the material found in such heroic sources is to be taken as authentic history and genealogy.
288:. Hardegon immediately deposed the young king Sigtrygg, and then ruled unopposed for approximately thirty years. Hardegon is often equated with the
608:
386:. In his version of the tale, Harthacnut is raised by Ennignup (suggested to be Saxo's rendition of Gnupa), but never accepts Christianity.
382:, Harthacnut appears as Knut. He is described as a son of Erik, a descendant of Ragnar Lodbrok, by Gudorm, the granddaughter of
1232:
511:
133:
601:
475:
Lis
Jacobsen: "Svenskevældets Fald. Studier til Danmarks Oldhistorie i filologisk og runologisk Lys", København, 1929
846:
527:
265:
335:) of Harthacnut, or that it is a double-name indicating that Harthacnut and Gorm were the same person. The
966:
594:
1210:
1189:
46:
1148:
1115:
842:
1203:
1196:
1121:
1101:
1066:
1045:
827:
141:
1143:
1108:
1087:
1080:
1059:
1052:
1031:
851:
617:
564:
152:
1153:
1094:
1073:
1038:
1017:
982:
861:
808:
775:
1132:
260:. That Sigtrygg was the son of Gnupa by a Danish noblewoman named Asfrid, and is shown on two
186:
1024:
920:
822:
798:
398:
225:
625:
484:
Saxo
Grammaticus. trans. Peter Fisher. Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson and Peter Fisher, eds.
1237:
803:
790:
760:
668:
19:
For the son of Canute the Great and the descendant of this
Harthacnut (c. 1018–1042), see
8:
794:
785:
750:
237:
233:
252:, Olof took the realm "by force of arms," and they ruled it together, thus founding the
997:
935:
891:
837:
817:
812:
780:
735:
553:
340:
304:
257:
149:
64:
875:
331:, and this leads to alternative interpretations, that this is reference to Gorm, son (
951:
832:
770:
765:
704:
655:
416:
379:
336:
720:
662:
404:
136:
117:
695:
460:
Ui Asfriþr karþi kubl þausi tutir Uþinkars aft
Sitriuk kununt sun sin auk Knubu
249:
241:
206:
168:
156:
101:
212:
1226:
373:
253:
91:
1163:
649:
578:
356:
352:
348:
328:
293:
160:
75:
1158:
383:
277:
284:, which had recently been colonized by Danish Vikings, or even northern
1168:
755:
680:
420:
159:. The saga in turn makes Harthacnut the father of the historical king,
35:
20:
586:
458:(Asfrith carved this gravestone after Sigtrygg, her son and Gnupa's);
442:
Adam of Bremen, trans. and ed. Francis Joseph Tschan, Timothy Reuter,
261:
221:
163:. It has been suggested he is to be identified with the Hardegon of
125:
281:
224:
Adam of Bremen, who came from
Germany to record the history of the
285:
202:
194:
86:
273:
245:
198:
146:
193:). Harthacnut is said to have been his father's successor in
528:
How Cnut became Canute (and how
Harthacnut became Airdeconut)
220:
Two possible references to
Harthacnut appear in the work of
167:
whose early-10th century conquest of Denmark was related by
674:
343:
report the defeat and forced baptism of the Danish king
506:
Alan Mawer, "The Scandinavian Kingdom of Northumbria",
456:
Asfriþr karþi kumbl þaun aft Siktriku sun sin aui Knubu
256:
in Denmark. Adam reports that they were followed by a
232:), partly based on information from Gorm's descendant,
189:, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye became father of Harthacnut (
362:
347:(Gnupa), in 934 at the hands of Henry I. Likewise,
532:NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution
1224:
602:
303:Adam later refers to an attack on Denmark by
633:
444:History of the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
315:in others. Historians generally agree that
371:
327:) is a German rendering of the Danish name
155:, himself one of the sons of the legendary
609:
595:
419:is a silver coin impressed with the name "
34:
446:, Columbia University Press, 2002, p. 44.
268:, erected by his mother after his death.
240:was deposed and Denmark was conquered by
230:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
214:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
1188:indicates Danish monarchs who were also
974:
943:
912:
883:
743:
712:
389:
292:of legend, but some historians, such as
248:(Sueonia). Along with two of his sons,
145:makes Harthacnut son of the semi-mythic
616:
522:
520:
1225:
410:
590:
517:
486:The history of the Danes, books I-IX
174:
508:The Saga-Book of the Viking Society
13:
370:In the late and legend-influenced
14:
1249:
694:
464:The Saga=Book of the Viking club
514:(1911-1912), pp. 38-64 at p. 46
488:, DS Brewer, 1998, v. 2, p. 162
307:, naming the defending king as
40:1670 depiction of Harthacanut I
500:
491:
478:
469:
449:
436:
296:, instead have concluded that
16:Semi-legendary king of Denmark
1:
1233:10th-century kings of Denmark
634:
526:Thijs Porck and Jodie Mann, "
557:(as suggested in one source)
7:
396:The anonymous 12th-century
351:tells of Gnupa's defeat by
236:. Adam states that a king
10:
1254:
983:Christopher III of Bavaria
809:Valdemar II the Victorious
47:Legendary kings of Denmark
18:
1181:
1130:
1005:
996:
965:
934:
905:
874:
734:
703:
692:
624:
575:
562:
547:
542:
205:, but not the break-away
97:
85:
81:
71:
60:
52:
45:
33:
28:
430:
355:. Some historians (e.g.
349:Olav Tryggvasson's Saga
313:filius Hardecnudth Vurm
153:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
139:. The old Norse story
466:, vol. 2, pp. 328–347.
372:
121:
952:Eric VII of Pomerania
781:Eric II the Memorable
399:Chronicon Roskildense
391:Chronicon Roskildense
311:in some manuscripts,
226:Archbishops of Bremen
862:Valdemar IV Atterdag
799:Valdemar I the Great
967:Palatinate-Neumarkt
847:Eric Christoffersen
761:Canute IV the Saint
618:Monarchs of Denmark
534:67 (2014), 237–243.
411:Silverdale treasure
366:of Saxo Grammaticus
234:Sweyn II of Denmark
187:Ælla of Northumbria
1211:monarch of Iceland
1197:monarch of England
1190:monarchs of Norway
818:Eric IV Plough-tax
813:Valdemar the Young
751:Sweyn II Estridsen
656:Harald I Bluetooth
569:early 10th century
554:Sigtrygg Gnupasson
341:Widukind of Corvey
305:Henry I of Germany
65:Sigtrygg Gnupasson
56:early 10th century
1220:
1219:
1204:monarch of Sweden
1177:
1176:
992:
991:
961:
960:
930:
929:
901:
900:
870:
869:
730:
729:
690:
689:
585:
584:
576:Succeeded by
573:part of kingdom)
558:
216:of Adam of Bremen
183:Ragnarssona þáttr
176:Ragnarssona þáttr
142:Ragnarssona þáttr
107:
106:
1245:
1003:
1002:
972:
971:
941:
940:
910:
909:
881:
880:
858:
791:Sweyn III Grathe
741:
740:
710:
709:
698:
636:
631:
630:
611:
604:
597:
588:
587:
556:
548:Preceded by
540:
539:
535:
524:
515:
504:
498:
495:
489:
482:
476:
473:
467:
453:
447:
440:
417:Silverdale Hoard
380:Saxo Grammaticus
377:
337:Saxon chronicles
309:Hardecnudth Vurm
38:
26:
25:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1173:
1136:
1126:
1009:
988:
957:
926:
897:
866:
856:
833:Eric V Klipping
771:Eric I Evergood
726:
721:Magnus the Good
699:
686:
620:
615:
581:
572:
570:
568:
565:King of Denmark
560:
551:
538:
525:
518:
505:
501:
496:
492:
483:
479:
474:
470:
454:
450:
441:
437:
433:
413:
405:Sweyn Forkbeard
394:
368:
218:
179:
137:King of Denmark
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:Frederick VIII
1146:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1116:Christian VIII
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
978:
976:
969:
963:
962:
959:
958:
956:
955:
947:
945:
938:
932:
931:
928:
927:
925:
924:
916:
914:
907:
903:
902:
899:
898:
896:
895:
887:
885:
878:
872:
871:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:Christopher II
840:
838:Eric VI Menved
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
806:
801:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
756:Harald III Hen
753:
747:
745:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
725:
724:
716:
714:
707:
701:
700:
693:
691:
688:
687:
685:
684:
683:(Harthacanute)
678:
671:
666:
659:
652:
647:
640:
638:
628:
622:
621:
614:
613:
606:
599:
591:
583:
582:
577:
574:
561:
549:
545:
544:
543:Regnal titles
537:
536:
516:
499:
490:
477:
468:
448:
434:
432:
429:
412:
409:
393:
388:
367:
361:
250:Gyrd and Gnupa
244:who came from
242:Olof the Brash
217:
211:
178:
173:
169:Adam of Bremen
157:Ragnar Lodbrok
134:semi-legendary
105:
104:
102:Norse paganism
99:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1250:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1122:Frederick VII
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:Christian VII
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:Frederick III
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1046:Christian III
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:Senior branch
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
985:
984:
980:
979:
977:
973:
970:
968:
964:
954:
953:
949:
948:
946:
942:
939:
937:
933:
923:
922:
918:
917:
915:
911:
908:
904:
894:
893:
889:
888:
886:
882:
879:
877:
873:
863:
860:
855:
853:
850:
848:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:Christopher I
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
796:
792:
789:
787:
786:Eric III Lamb
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
766:Olaf I Hunger
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
742:
739:
737:
733:
723:
722:
718:
717:
715:
711:
708:
706:
702:
697:
682:
679:
677:
676:
672:
670:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
639:
632:
629:
627:
623:
619:
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
580:
571:(perhaps only
567:
566:
555:
546:
541:
533:
529:
523:
521:
513:
509:
503:
494:
487:
481:
472:
465:
461:
457:
452:
445:
439:
435:
428:
426:
422:
418:
408:
406:
401:
400:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
375:
374:Gesta Danorum
365:
364:Gesta Danorum
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
300:is distinct.
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:House of Olaf
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:House of Gorm
90:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1185:
1164:Margrethe II
1144:Christian IX
1131:
1114:
1109:Frederick VI
1107:
1100:
1093:
1088:Christian VI
1086:
1081:Frederick IV
1079:
1072:
1065:
1060:Christian IV
1058:
1053:Frederick II
1051:
1044:
1037:
1032:Christian II
1030:
1023:
1016:
1006:
981:
950:
919:
890:
852:Valdemar III
719:
673:
661:
654:
650:Gorm the Old
646:(Harthacnut)
643:
579:Gorm the Old
563:
531:
507:
502:
493:
485:
480:
471:
463:
459:
455:
451:
443:
438:
424:
414:
397:
395:
390:
369:
363:
353:Gorm the Old
344:
332:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
302:
297:
294:Lis Jacobsen
289:
270:
229:
219:
213:
190:
182:
180:
175:
164:
140:
129:
113:
109:
108:
76:Gorm the Old
29:Harthacnut I
1238:880s births
1159:Frederik IX
1154:Christian X
1095:Frederick V
1074:Christian V
1039:Frederick I
1018:Christian I
921:Margrethe I
857:Interregnum
384:Harald Klak
278:Northumbria
191:Hörða-Knútr
165:Northmannia
130:Hǫrða-Knútr
61:Predecessor
1227:Categories
1169:Frederik X
1137:since 1863
1133:Glücksburg
681:Canute III
637:916 – 1042
425:Airdeconut
421:Airdeconut
319:(English:
290:Harthacnut
262:runestones
110:Harthacnut
21:Harthacnut
1010:1448–1863
998:Oldenburg
975:1440–1448
944:1397–1439
936:Pomerania
913:1376–1412
906:Estridsen
884:1376–1387
804:Canute VI
744:1047–1375
736:Estridsen
713:1042–1047
675:Canute II
669:Harald II
626:Knýtlinga
552:(perhaps
550:Uncertain
266:Schleswig
222:clergyman
181:The saga
150:chieftain
126:Old Norse
122:Hardeknud
72:Successor
795:Canute V
705:Fairhair
644:Сanute I
512:vol. VII
298:Hardegon
282:Normandy
258:Sigtrygg
132:) was a
98:Religion
1186:Italics
892:Olaf II
663:Sweyn I
415:In the
325:serpent
286:Jutland
203:Halland
195:Zealand
87:Dynasty
876:Bjälbo
345:Chnuba
333:filius
274:Norway
246:Sweden
199:Scania
147:viking
118:Danish
114:Cnut I
1209:Also
1202:Also
1195:Also
776:Niels
497:Storm
431:Notes
357:Storm
264:near
238:Helge
207:Viken
53:Reign
1025:John
823:Abel
329:Gorm
321:worm
317:Vurm
201:and
161:Gorm
530:",
378:of
339:of
323:or
112:or
67:(?)
1229::
845:/
811:/
797:/
793:/
635:c.
519:^
510:,
427:.
280:,
276:,
197:,
171:.
128::
124:;
120::
1213:.
1206:.
1199:.
1192:.
610:e
603:t
596:v
559:)
228:(
116:(
23:.
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