40:
857:'s committee on Military Mobilization, formulated guidelines for the psychological screening of inductees to the U.S. military. He believed, writes one historian, "that sexuality played a minimal role in causing mental disorders and that adult homosexuals should be accepted and left alone." Despite his best efforts, others included homosexuality as a disqualification for military service.
788:", a configuration of the personality traits developed in childhood and reinforced by positive affirmation and the security operations developed in childhood to avoid anxiety and threats to self-esteem. Sullivan further defined the Self System as a steering mechanism toward a series of I-You interlocking behaviors—that is, what an individual does is meant to elicit a particular reaction.
629:
884:
Sullivan spent the last 22 years of his life in a relationship with James Inscoe, who was 20 years younger than
Sullivan. Although some contemporaries and historians have regarded Inscoe as an adopted son, the biography of his colleague Helen Swick Perry mentions the relationship, suggesting that
921:
The following works are in
Special Collections (MSA SC 5547) at the Maryland State Archives in Annapolis: Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry, Soundscriber Transcriptions (Feb. 1945-May 1945); Lectures 1-97 (begins Oct. 2, 1942); Georgetown University Medical School Lectures (1939); Personal
795:
and noted that such action-reaction combinations can become rigid and dominate an adult's thinking pattern, limiting their actions and reactions to the world as the adult sees it, not as it really is. The resulting inaccuracies in judgment
Sullivan termed
758:, Sullivan laid the groundwork for understanding the individual based on the network of relationships in which they are enmeshed. He developed a theory of psychiatry based on interpersonal relationships where cultural forces are largely responsible for
912:
called him the most important underground influence in
American psychoanalysis. His ideas were collected and published posthumously, edited by Helen Swick Perry, who also published a detailed biography in 1982 (Perry, 1982, Psychiatrist of America).
830:
and in 1929 called it "a remarkable document by a homosexual man of refinement; intended primarily as a guide to the unfortunate sufferers of sexual inversion, and much less open to criticism than anything else of the kind so far published."
1080:
804:. Sullivan also introduced the concept of "prototaxic communication" as a more primitive, needy, infantile form of psychic interchange and "syntactic communication" as a mature style of emotional interaction.
814:
Sullivan was the first to coin the term "problems in living" to describe the difficulties with self and others those with mental illnesses experience. This phrase was later picked up and popularized by
843:
559:
690:
in which person lives" and that "he field of psychiatry is the field of interpersonal relations under any and all circumstances in which relations exist". Having studied therapists
769:. In his words, one must pay attention to the "interactional", not the "intrapsychic". This search for satisfaction via personal involvement with others led Sullivan to characterize
2163:
2102:
2107:
773:
as the most painful human experience. He also extended
Freudian psychoanalysis to the treatment of patients with severe mental disorders, particularly
811:, a school of psychoanalytic theory and treatment that stresses detailed exploration of the nuances of patients' patterns of interacting with others.
2097:
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Although
Sullivan published little in his lifetime, he influenced generations of mental health professionals, especially through his lectures at
425:
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movement. "Problems in living" went on to become the movement's preferred way to refer to the manifestations of mental disturbances.
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540:
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1135:
Hendrika Vande Kemp, "Harry Stack
Sullivan (1892–1949): Hero, Ghost, and Muse," in E. Mark Stern and Robert B. Marchesani, eds.,
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800:, when other persons are perceived or evaluated based on the patterns of previous experience, similar to Freud's notion of
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that may have inspired his later interest in psychiatry. He attended the Smyrna Union School, then spent two years at
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Rioch DM (May 1985). "Recollections of Harry Stack
Sullivan and of the development of his interpersonal psychiatry".
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Mitchell, Stephen A.: "Harry Stack
Sullivan and Interpersonal Psychoanalysis." In: St. A. Mitchell & M. Black:
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872:, who was hostile to psychiatry, became the director. Sullivan then took part in establishing the
838:, considered by many the world's leading independent psychoanalytic institute, and of the journal
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Private
Practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the Science of Homosexuality, and American Liberalism
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Private practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the science of homosexuality, and American liberalism
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Psychopathology (1929–1933); The Psychiatry of Character and its Deviations-undated notes.
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Sullivan was a child of Irish immigrants and grew up in the then anti-Catholic town of
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Psychoanalysis and Interpersonal Psychiatry: The Contributions of Harry Stack Sullivan
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1222:. Cambridge MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982,
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Mumford, Robert S.: "Traditional Psychiatry, Freud, and H. S. Sullivan."
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Beginning on December 5, 1940, Sullivan served as psychiatric adviser to
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Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two
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Sullivan's work on interpersonal relationships became the foundation of
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978:. Washington D.C.:William A. White Psychiatric Foundation. pp.
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Kimble, Gregory A.; Wertheimer, Michael; White, Charlotte (1991).
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who held that "personality can never be isolated from the complex
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in psychological literature, Sullivan developed the idea of the "
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In 1927, he reviewed the controversial, anonymously published
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Saints and Rogues: Conflicts and Convergence in Psychotherapy
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Freud and Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought
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Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory and Psychotherapy
1247:
1220:
Psychiatrist of America: The Life of Harry Stack Sullivan
2103:
Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
675:(February 21, 1892 – January 14, 1949) was an American
2164:
People of the United States Office of War Information
16:
American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (1892–1949)
2108:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
1264:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. pp.
1257:
1237:. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011
971:
992:Clara Thompson, "Sullivan and Psychoanalysis" in
819:, whose work was a foundational resource for the
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2098:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
1260:Fair Fights and Foul; a Dissenting Lawyer's Life
2113:Association for Behavior Analysis International
426:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
868:, but resigned in November 1941 after General
1292:
1011:Portraits of pioneers in psychology, Volume 1
885:close friends were aware they were partners.
653:
1173:Harry Stack Sullivan: His Life and His Work
722:from 1909, receiving his medical degree in
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568:International Psychoanalytical Association
996:The Contributions of Harry Stack Sullivan
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969:
780:Besides making the first mention of the
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724:Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery
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2118:European Association for Psychotherapy
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930:The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
844:Washington, D.C., School of Psychiatry
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1175:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1976.
1160:. New York: The Penguin Group, 1990.
1077:
828:The Invert and his Social Adjustment
562:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
352:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
1403:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
573:World Association of Psychoanalysis
13:
2123:Society for Psychotherapy Research
1351:Transference focused psychotherapy
935:"The Psychiatric Interview" (1954)
834:He was one of the founders of the
61:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
14:
2205:
2184:20th-century American LGBT people
2179:LGBT people from New York (state)
1408:Rational emotive behavior therapy
1381:Functional analytic psychotherapy
1376:Acceptance and commitment therapy
1306:
1241:
578:List of schools of psychoanalysis
2169:American people of Irish descent
2159:20th-century American physicians
1208:. New York: Science House, 1970.
974:Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry
945:Schizophrenia as a Human Process
939:Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry
879:
791:Sullivan called these behaviors
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554:British Psychoanalytical Society
406:Civilization and Its Discontents
38:
2128:World Council for Psychotherapy
1248:William Alanson White Institute
1215:, vol. 2, no. 1, February 1961.
1193:. New York: Basic Books, 1995,
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998:. Hermitage House. p. 101.
836:William Alanson White Institute
1139:(Haworth Press, 2004), 10-14,
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1048:10.1080/00332747.1985.11024276
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994:Mullahy, Patrick, ed. (1952).
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673:Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan
560:Columbia University Center for
549:British Psychoanalytic Council
446:The Sublime Object of Ideology
416:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
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2174:People from Norwich, New York
1341:Mentalization-based treatment
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951:
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386:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
376:Psychology of the Unconscious
1398:Dialectical behavior therapy
1388:Cognitive behavioral therapy
1143:, accessed February 18, 2012
855:American Psychiatric Society
809:interpersonal psychoanalysis
342:The Interpretation of Dreams
7:
1428:Emotionally focused therapy
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688:interpersonal relationships
10:
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1699:Systematic desensitization
1628:Practitioner–scholar model
1371:Clinical behavior analysis
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1013:. Routledge. p. 328.
849:In 1940, he and colleague
363:Three Essays on the Theory
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874:Office of War Information
541:Boston Graduate School of
1710:Other individual therapy
1213:Comprehensive Psychiatry
1086:Rutgers University Press
970:Sullivan, H. S. (1947).
916:
793:Parataxical Integrations
56:Psychosexual development
2149:American psychoanalysts
1732:Cognitive restructuring
1453:Person-centered therapy
1182:. London and New York:
842:in 1937. He headed the
729:
2154:American psychiatrists
1663:Contingency management
1542:Transtheoretical model
1532:Eclectic psychotherapy
1509:Transactional analysis
1178:Evans III, F. Barton:
925:His writings include:
756:Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
1613:Common factors theory
1577:Residential treatment
700:William Alanson White
634:Psychology portal
613:Psychoanalytic theory
2042:Lorna Smith Benjamin
1877:Harry Stack Sullivan
1802:Sensitivity training
1603:Clinical formulation
1218:Perry, Helen Swick:
1078:Wake, Naoko (2011).
798:parataxic distortion
598:Child psychoanalysis
86:Id, ego and superego
24:a series of articles
1774:Group psychotherapy
1685:Counterconditioning
1562:Brief psychotherapy
1433:Existential therapy
906:Rockville, Maryland
866:Clarence A. Dykstra
846:from 1936 to 1947.
748:Otto Allen Will Jr.
121:Countertransference
1902:Milton H. Erickson
1737:Emotion regulation
1717:Autogenic training
1608:Clinical pluralism
1537:Multimodal therapy
1336:Analytical therapy
1204:Mullahy, Patrick:
851:Winfred Overholser
720:Cornell University
463:Schools of thought
396:The Ego and the Id
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2062:William R. Miller
2047:Marsha M. Linehan
2017:Jean Baker Miller
1977:Salvador Minuchin
1857:Ludwig Binswanger
1810:
1809:
1645:Behaviour therapy
1572:Online counseling
1550:
1549:
1489:Narrative therapy
1393:Cognitive therapy
1199:978-0-465-01405-7
1084:. United States:
888:Sullivan died in
862:Selective Service
853:, serving on the
782:significant other
765:social psychiatry
714:, resulting in a
712:Norwich, New York
670:
669:
154:Important figures
81:Psychic apparatus
2201:
2052:Vittorio Guidano
2022:Otto F. Kernberg
1892:Donald Winnicott
1749:Free association
1694:Exposure therapy
1673:Stimulus control
1653:Aversion therapy
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1504:Systemic therapy
1479:Feminist therapy
1331:Adlerian therapy
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1270:Internet Archive
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1201:, p. 60-84.
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1141:available online
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1117:Vande Kemp, 16-7
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505:Object relations
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1997:Paul Watzlawick
1982:Paul Watzlawick
1937:Virginia Axline
1847:Sándor Ferenczi
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1787:Couples therapy
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1742:Affect labeling
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1499:Reality therapy
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2109:
2106:
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2101:
2099:
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2089:
2083:
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2078:
2077:Jeffrey Young
2075:
2073:
2072:Michael White
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
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2058:
2057:Les Greenberg
2055:
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2028:
2025:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
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1990:
1988:
1985:
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1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
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1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Carl Whitaker
1940:
1938:
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1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Viktor Frankl
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Jacques Lacan
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Wilhelm Reich
1895:
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1888:
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1862:Melanie Klein
1860:
1858:
1855:
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1848:
1845:
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1832:Sigmund Freud
1830:
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1678:Token economy
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1500:
1497:
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1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Music therapy
1482:
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1477:
1475:
1474:Dance therapy
1472:
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1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
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1323:Psychodynamic
1320:
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1309:
1308:Psychotherapy
1302:
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1282:
1279:
1271:
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1261:
1255:
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1246:
1245:
1236:
1233:Wake, Naoko:
1232:
1229:
1228:0-674-72076-8
1225:
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1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
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1188:
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1167:
1166:0-452-26598-3
1163:
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1123:
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1105:
1097:
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1083:
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1074:
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1049:
1045:
1042:(2): 141–58.
1041:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1020:0-8058-1136-2
1016:
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989:
981:
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928:
927:
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923:
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910:Leston Havens
907:
903:
893:
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886:
880:Personal life
877:
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867:
863:
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837:
832:
829:
824:
822:
818:
812:
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805:
803:
799:
794:
789:
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783:
778:
776:
775:schizophrenia
772:
768:
766:
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753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
703:
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697:
693:
692:Sigmund Freud
689:
685:
684:psychoanalyst
681:
678:
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663:
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579:
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530:
529:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
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503:
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498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Interpersonal
488:
486:
483:
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478:
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468:
467:
460:
459:
448:
447:
443:
438:
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428:
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418:
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398:
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388:
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109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
76:Consciousness
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2091:Associations
2082:Peter Fonagy
2027:Nathan Azrin
2002:Arthur Janov
1962:Joseph Wolpe
1947:Albert Ellis
1927:George Kelly
1912:Erik Erikson
1876:
1872:Karen Horney
1842:Alfred Adler
1837:Pierre Janet
1827:Josef Breuer
1759:Hypnotherapy
1494:Play therapy
1268:– via
1259:
1234:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1190:
1179:
1172:
1157:
1136:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1079:
1073:
1064:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1010:
1004:
995:
988:
973:
965:
944:
938:
929:
924:
920:
899:
887:
883:
859:
848:
839:
833:
827:
825:
817:Thomas Szasz
813:
806:
802:transference
790:
779:
762:
740:Karen Horney
733:
709:
680:psychiatrist
677:Neo-Freudian
672:
671:
444:
436:Anti-Oedipus
434:
424:
414:
404:
394:
384:
374:
365:of Sexuality
361:
350:
340:
310:
206:Freud (Anna)
116:Transference
101:Introjection
91:Ego defenses
71:Preconscious
2194:1949 deaths
2189:1892 births
2012:R. D. Laing
1987:Haim Ginott
1917:Carl Rogers
1882:Fritz Perls
1797:Psychodrama
1722:Biofeedback
1524:Integrative
1469:Art therapy
1448:Logotherapy
941:(1947/1966)
786:Self system
744:Erich Fromm
734:Along with
696:Adolf Meyer
66:Unconscious
2143:Categories
1972:Aaron Beck
1887:Anna Freud
1782:Co-therapy
1637:Techniques
1567:Counseling
1555:Approaches
1420:Humanistic
1363:behavioral
1126:Perry, 168
1036:Psychiatry
957:References
952:Associates
840:Psychiatry
771:loneliness
763:(see also
706:Early life
515:Relational
126:Resistance
96:Projection
1932:Rollo May
1867:Otto Rank
1852:Carl Jung
1582:Self-help
1184:Routledge
892:in 1949.
876:in 1942.
864:director
726:in 1917.
316:Winnicott
296:Spielrein
276:Laplanche
196:Fairbairn
136:Dreamwork
1764:Modeling
1754:Homework
1658:Chaining
1596:Research
1438:Focusing
1256:(1965).
896:Writings
591:See also
533:Training
510:Reichian
485:Lacanian
470:Adlerian
311:Sullivan
306:Strachey
261:Kristeva
236:Jacobson
231:Irigaray
221:Guattari
201:Ferenczi
186:Chodorow
141:Cathexis
49:Concepts
22:Part of
1668:Shaping
1623:History
1315:Schools
1186:, 1996.
1151:Sources
1056:3887444
500:Marxist
480:Jungian
191:Erikson
161:Abraham
1815:People
1226:
1197:
1164:
1092:
1054:
1017:
947:(1962)
932:(1953)
754:, and
698:, and
450:(1989)
440:(1972)
430:(1964)
420:(1933)
410:(1930)
400:(1923)
390:(1920)
380:(1912)
369:(1905)
356:(1901)
346:(1899)
301:Stekel
281:Mahler
226:Horney
181:Breuer
171:Balint
131:Denial
106:Libido
1462:Other
1266:61-62
917:Works
890:Paris
321:Žižek
291:Reich
271:Laing
266:Lacan
256:Klein
251:Kohut
241:Jones
216:Fromm
166:Adler
111:Drive
1514:List
1224:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1052:PMID
1015:ISBN
730:Work
682:and
286:Rank
246:Jung
176:Bion
1044:doi
982:-5.
904:in
2145::
1088:.
1050:.
1040:48
1038:.
908:.
777:.
750:,
746:,
742:,
738:,
694:,
26:on
1692:/
1300:e
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1286:v
1272:.
1230:.
1168:.
1098:.
1058:.
1046::
1023:.
980:4
767:)
661:e
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647:v
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