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1153:" for the philobat the world is structured by safe distance and sight, and for the ocnophil by physical proximity and touch. In the event of fear or anxiety, the reaction of the ocnophil is to get as near as possible to his object, to squat or sit down, go on all fours, lean towards, or even press his whole body to the protecting object. Parallel with this he turns his face away, even shuts his eyes, trying not to see the danger. The reaction of the philobat is what is generally called the heroic one: turning towards the approaching danger, facing it in order to watch it, keeping away from objects that offer false security, standing upright on his own."
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1034:, England, in early 1939, where Bálint became Clinical Director of the Child Guidance Clinic. Here Alice died, leaving Bálint with their son. In 1944 Bálint remarried, but the relationship soon ended, although they were not divorced until 1952. In 1944 his parents, about to be arrested by the Nazis in Hungary, committed suicide. That year Bálint moved from Manchester to London, where he was attached to the
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exemplary form of someone who is a philobat precisely in the sense that she gives herself over to a form of walking that is adventurous and dangerous, yet distant as well. Balint suggests that the (male) acrobat may be thought of as enacting the primal scene when performing in a highly erect form on the tight rope, before eventually returning to mother earth, and the "beautiful young girl" awaiting him.
1096:'Psychoanalysis begins at level 3 – the level at which a person is capable of a three-sided experience...primarily the Oedipal problems between self, mother, and father'. By contrast, 'the area of the Basic Fault is characterised by a very peculiar exclusively two-person relationship'; while a 'third area is characterised by the fact that there are no external objects in it' – level number 1.
1149:: ocnophilia and philobatism. The two terms refer to two types of orienting oneself toward object relationships, with ocnophilia consisting in stubbornly attaching oneself to objects, and being unwilling to exist in an empty space without such objects, while philobatism refers to the opposite, a state of mind where one is at an absolute distance to objects. Balint writes:
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rather than tablets aiming at suppression of symptoms." Such seminars provided opportunities for GPs 'to discuss with each other and with him aspects of their work with patients for which they had previously felt ill-equipped. Since his death the continuance of this work has been assured by the formation of the
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factors in relation to patients'. " Instead of repeating futile investigations of increasing complexity and cost, and then telling these people there was nothing wrong with them, Balint taught active search for causes of anxiety and unhappiness, and treatment by remedial education aiming at insight,
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Balint links these two dispositions to the general question of how people relate to situations of danger, specifically that of the thrill, translated as "Angstlust" (the lust of anxiety) into German, although Balint is careful to separate the two in the preface of the German translation. In Balint's
1161:
Ocnophilia literally refers to a philia of clinging into something, and is a compound of οκνέω (oknéo, to cling) and φιλιά (philia), while philobatism combines again φιλιά (philia), with batism, derived from βατείν (bateín) which means to walk. The acrobat (literally the high-walker) would be an
1111:
Along with his wife, Enid Balint, and Paul H. Ornstein, Balint developed a process of brief psychotherapy he termed "focal psychotherapy", in which 'one specific problem presented by the patient is chosen as the focus of interpretation'. The therapy was carefully targeted around that key area to
1085:
wrote (almost approvingly) that 'Michael Balint has analysed in a thoroughly penetrating way the intricate interaction of theory and technique in the genesis of a new conception of analysis... the catchphrase, borrowed from
Rickman, of a "two-body psychology"'. On that basis, Balint thereafter
1080:
Balint 'took an early interest in the mother-infant relationship...a key paper on "Primary Object-Love" dates from 1937'. Thereafter, developing an idea of John
Rickman, he argued that 'mental function is quite different, and needs to be described differently, in three-person and two-person
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with a group of social workers and psychologists on the idea of investigating marital problems. Michael Balint became the leader of this group and together they developed what is now known as the "Balint group": a group of physicians sharing the problems of general practice, focussing on the
1018:(1883–1970), who won the Nobel Prize in 1931. His wife worked in a folklore museum. Bálint now worked on his doctorate in biochemistry, while also working half time at the Berlin Institute of psychoanalysis. Both he and his wife Alice in this period were educated in psychoanalysis.
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avoid (in part) the risk that 'the focal therapy would have degenerated into long-term psychotherapy or psychoanalysis'. Here as a rule interpretation remained 'entirely on the whole-person adult level...it was the intention to reduce the intensity of the feelings in the
1099:'Therapeutic failure is attributed by Balint to the analyst's inability to "click in" to the mute needs of the patient who has descended to the level of the basic fault'; and he maintained that 'the basic fault can only be overcome if the patient is allowed to
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was one of his students. The political conditions in
Hungary made life and psychotherapy very difficult for Jews. John Rickman advised all Jewish analysts to leave and with his assistance Balint emigrated to London settling in
1025:, where he soon assumed a leading role in Hungarian psychoanalysis and his son, John, was born. He was employed at the Budapest Psychoanalytical Institute becoming its director in 1935 after Ferenczi died.
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explored the idea of what he called '"the basic fault": this was that there was often the experience in the early two-person relationship that something was wrong or missing, and this carried over into the
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By 1968, then, Balint had 'distinguished three levels of experience, each with its particular ways of relating, its own ways of thinking, and its own appropriate therapeutic procedures'.
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responses of the doctors to their patients; the first group of practising physicians was established in 1950. Michael and Enid married in 1958. In 1968 Balint became president of the
1170:'Michael Balint part of the independent tradition in British psychoanalysis, influential in setting up groups (now known as "Balint groups") for medical doctors to discuss
1134:', great stress was laid upon the creative role of the patient in focal therapy: 'To our minds, an "independent discovery" by the patient has the greatest dynamic power'.
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Bálint served at the front, first in Russia, then in the
Dolomites. He completed his medical studies in Budapest in 1918. On the recommendation of his future wife,
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mind, people tend to regress into either one of these primitive mental states when faced with anxiety, and therein they express essential attachment experiences.
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The
Michael-Balint-Institut für Psychoanalyse, Psychotherapie und analytische Kinder- und Jugendlichen- Psychotherapie in Hamburg is named for him.
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It has been suggested that it was in fact this 'work of
Michael Balint and his colleagues which led to time-limited therapies being rediscovered'.
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Bálint married Alice Székely-Kovács and about 1920 the couple moved to Berlin, where Bálint worked in the biochemical laboratory of
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Philip
Hopkins, 'Balint, Michael Maurice (1896–1970)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
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Edited by Judith Dupont. Translated by
Michael Balint and Nicola Zarday Jackson. First cloth edition, 1988.
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Osborne, Thomas (1993). "Mobilizing
Psychoanalysis: Michael Balint and the General Practitioners".
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Beziehung als
Therapie Therapie als Beziehung. Michael Balints Beitrag zur heilenden Begegnung
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Balint, Michael (August 1965). "interview of Dr Michael Balint by Dr. Bluma Swerdloff".
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Michael Balint introduced two new concepts into psychoanalytic language in his book
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to a state of oral dependence on the analyst...and experience a new beginning'.
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Columbia University Psychoanalytic Movement Project: oral history, 1963–1982
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In accordance with the thinking of other members of 'what is known as the
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who spent most of his adult life in England. He was a proponent of the
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Dissertation for Master of Science in psychology. London, 1945.
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relationships, and different in creative activity alone'.
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Elder, Andrew; Gosling, Robert; Stewart, Harold (1996).
967:; 3 December 1896 – 31 December 1970) was a Hungarian
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Individual Differences of Behaviour in Early Infancy.
1632:(Interview). Interviewed by Bluma Swerdloff. London.
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Short-term Psychotherapies: A Psychodynamic Approach
1488:
Michael Balint, Paul H. Ornstein & Enid Balint,
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The Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression.
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1639:Michael Balint: Object Relations Pure and Applied
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701:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
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1399:Our Need for Others and its Roots in Infancy
983:Balint was born Mihály Maurice Bergsmann in
1195:Primary Love and Psycho-Analytic Technique.
1808:British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
1798:Converts to Nontrinitarianism from Judaism
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1451:Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession
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1208:Der Arzt, sein Patient und die Krankheit.
1038:and began learning about group work from
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
1201:The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness.
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1464:A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis
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1677:Sedlak, Franz; Gerber, Gisela (1992).
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1237:The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferenczi.
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1051:Tavistock Institute of Human Relations
1793:Converts to Unitarianism from Judaism
1516:Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
1203:London: Churchill Livingstone, 1957.
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837:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
627:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
62:adding citations to reliable sources
33:
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848:World Association of Psychoanalysis
16:Hungarian psychoanalyst (1896–1970)
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1681:. Munich: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag.
1323:Australian Dictionary of Biography
336:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
14:
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853:List of schools of psychoanalysis
1828:Hungarian expatriates in Germany
1803:Hungarian expatriates in England
1344:The Oxford Companion to the Mind
1277:"Obituary of Dr. John A. Balint"
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1021:In 1924 the Bálints returned to
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1319:"Clara Lazar Geroe (1900–1980)"
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691:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
288:Dr. John A. Balint (1925-2016)
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1818:Analysands of Sándor Ferenczi
1599:"New Ideas in Old Structures"
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661:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
651:Psychology of the Unconscious
1587:(Basingstoke 2008) p. 121-2n
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31:when mentioning individuals.
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1670:10.1177/030631293023001006
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1597:Julian Tudor Hart (1988).
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1569:Balint, Michael (1959).
1554:Balint, Michael (1959).
1223:Angstlust und Regression
1216:Thrills and Regressions.
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331:Psychosexual development
254:(died 1939)
27:. This article uses
19:The native form of this
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1210:Stuttgart, Klett, 1966.
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1571:Thrills and Regression
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1641:. London: Routledge.
1281:Applebee Funeral Home
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909:Psychology portal
888:Psychoanalytic theory
1783:Hungarian Unitarians
1603:A New Kind of Doctor
1453:(London 1988) p. 135
1401:(London 1994) p. 112
1346:(Oxford 1987) p. 272
1287:on 7 September 2021.
1221:German translation:
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1049:, who worked in the
1001:Alice Székely-Kovács
873:Child psychoanalysis
361:Id, ego and superego
299:a series of articles
244:Alice Székely-Kovács
172:Bergsmann Mór Mihály
58:improve this article
1518:(London 2010) p. 12
1492:(London 1972) p. 76
1490:Focal Psychotherapy
1466:(London 1995) p. 13
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1373:Ecrits: A Selection
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1256:Regressus ad uterum
1122:British independent
1107:Focal psychotherapy
1090:period (age 2–5)'.
1047:Enid Flora Eichholz
1045:In 1949 Bálint met
396:Countertransference
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738:Schools of thought
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29:Western name order
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1573:. pp. 29–30.
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151:Bálint Mihály
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114:February 2012
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75: –
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69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
26:
25:Bálint Mihály
22:
21:personal name
1678:
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1629:
1607:. Retrieved
1602:
1592:
1584:
1583:Ian Parker,
1579:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1544:(2001) p. 22
1541:
1540:Alex Coren,
1536:
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709:
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
649:
640:of Sexuality
636:
625:
615:
481:Freud (Anna)
445:
391:Transference
376:Introjection
366:Ego defenses
346:Preconscious
199:(1970-12-31)
135:
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
24:
1733:1970 deaths
1728:1896 births
1126:...such as
1124:perspective
997:World War I
341:Unconscious
1722:Categories
1263:References
1130:and D. W.
1074:See also:
1032:Manchester
960:pronounced
790:Relational
401:Resistance
371:Projection
213:Occupation
178:1896-12-03
84:newspapers
1475:Rycroft,
1329:2 October
1132:Winnicott
1040:W.R. Bion
995:. During
952:Hungarian
591:Winnicott
571:Spielrein
551:Laplanche
471:Fairbairn
411:Dreamwork
207:, England
188:, Hungary
1477:Critical
1440:p. 385-6
1244:See also
1023:Budapest
985:Budapest
975:school.
866:See also
808:Training
785:Reichian
760:Lacanian
745:Adlerian
586:Sullivan
581:Strachey
536:Kristeva
511:Jacobson
506:Irigaray
496:Guattari
476:Ferenczi
461:Chodorow
416:Cathexis
324:Concepts
297:Part of
285:Children
223:Movement
186:Budapest
1622:Sources
1410:Klein,
1384:Padel,
1358:Padel,
1101:regress
1088:Oedipal
989:Judaism
775:Marxist
755:Jungian
466:Erikson
436:Abraham
278:
270:
256:
252:
248:
233:Spouses
98:scholar
1685:
1645:
1609:17 May
1427:p. 385
1414:p. 112
1388:p, 272
1362:p. 272
1218:1959.
725:(1989)
715:(1972)
705:(1964)
695:(1933)
685:(1930)
675:(1923)
665:(1920)
655:(1912)
644:(1905)
631:(1901)
621:(1899)
576:Stekel
556:Mahler
501:Horney
456:Breuer
446:Balint
406:Denial
381:Libido
205:London
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
1531:p. 68
1529:Focal
1505:p. 76
1503:Focal
1479:p. 58
1233:1967.
1197:1956.
1183:Works
1083:Lacan
596:Žižek
566:Reich
546:Laing
541:Lacan
531:Klein
526:Kohut
516:Jones
491:Fromm
441:Adler
386:Drive
272:(
268:
250:
105:JSTOR
91:books
1683:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1611:2014
1438:Need
1425:Need
1412:Need
1386:Mind
1360:Mind
1331:2023
1065:Work
979:Life
561:Rank
521:Jung
451:Bion
194:Died
168:Born
77:news
1666:doi
1179:'.
1116:'.
991:to
60:by
23:is
1724::
1662:23
1660:.
1601:.
1351:^
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1293:^
1279:.
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301:on
274:m.
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950:(
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176:(
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121:(
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112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
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