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1153:, said that no writer discussing Hopkins has identified any secrets disclosed or any decision in which he distorted American priorities to help communism. As Mark demonstrated, Hopkins was not pro-Soviet in his recommendations to Roosevelt; he was anti-German and pro-American. Any "secrets" disclosed were authorized. Mark says that at the time, any actions were taken specifically to help the American war effort and to prevent the Soviets from making a deal with Hitler.
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divisions. Whenever the Allies open a second front on the
Continent, it will be decidedly a secondary front to that of Russia; theirs will continue to be the main effort. Without Russia in the war, the Axis cannot be defeated in Europe, and the position of the United Nations becomes precarious. Similarly, Russia's post-war position in Europe will be a dominant one. With Germany crushed, there is no power in Europe to oppose her tremendous military forces.
840:
1177:. They had three sons: David, Robert, and Stephen, (they had lost an infant daughter to whooping cough) and though Gross divorced Hopkins in 1930 shortly before Hopkins became a public figure, the two kept up an intimate correspondence until 1945. In 1931, Hopkins married Barbara Duncan, who died of cancer six years later. They had one daughter, Diana (1932–2020). In 1942, Hopkins married Louise Gill Macy (1906–1963) in the
2969:
924:, Hopkins rose to propose a toast: "I suppose you wish to know what I am going to say to President Roosevelt on my return. Well I am going to quote to you one verse from the Book of Ruth ... 'Whither thou goest, I will go and where thou lodgest I will lodge, thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.'" Hopkins became the administrator of the
1077:. He often explained Roosevelt's plans to Stalin and other top Soviet officials to enlist Soviet support for American objectives, an endeavor that met with limited success. A particularly striking example of bad faith was Moscow's refusal to allow American naval experts to see the German experimental U-boat station at
1089:, saying that "Without Russia in the war, the Axis cannot be defeated in Europe, and the position of the United Nations becomes precarious. Similarly, Russia's post-war position in Europe will be a dominant one. With Germany crushed, there is no power in Europe to oppose her tremendous military forces."
1164:
decryptions of Soviet cables. Hopkins may simply have been naĂŻve in his estimation of Soviet intentions. The historian Robert
Conquest wrote that "Hopkins seems just to have accepted an absurdly fallacious stereotype of Soviet motivation, without making any attempt whatever to think, or to study the
803:
FERA, the largest program from 1933 to 1935, involved giving money to localities to operate work relief projects to employ those on direct relief. CWA was similar but did not require workers to be on relief to receive a government-sponsored job. In less than four months, the CWA hired four million
1659:
In War II Russia occupies a dominant position and is the decisive factor looking toward the defeat of the Axis in Europe. While in Sicily the forces of Great
Britain and the United States are being opposed by 2 German divisions, the Russian front is receiving attention of approximately 200 German
1081:
captured on March 28, 1945, and thus to help the protection of the very convoys that carried Lend-Lease aid. In turn, Hopkins passed on Stalin's stated goals and needs to
Roosevelt. As the top American decision maker in Lend-Lease, he gave priority to supplying the Soviet Union, despite repeated
807:
The WPA, which followed the CWA, employed 8.5 million people in its seven-year history, working on 1.4 million projects, including the building or repair of 103 golf courses, 1,000 airports, 2,500 hospitals, 2,500 sports stadiums, 3,900 schools, 8,192 parks, 12,800 playgrounds, 124,031 bridges,
1117:
and the minutes of the Soviet protocol committee, were declassified in the 1970s, long after opinions about Soviet espionage had hardened into dogma. These files are now open, and they confirm the veracity of nearly all of Jordan’s claims, except for his allegation that
Hopkins’s actions were
779:
In March 1933, Roosevelt summoned
Hopkins to Washington as federal relief administrator. Convinced that paid work was psychologically more valuable than cash handouts, Hopkins sought to continue and expand New York State's work relief programs, the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. He
988:. He continued to live in the White House and saw the President more often than any other advisor. In mid-1943, Hopkins faced a barrage of criticism from Republicans and the press that he had abused his position for personal profit. One Representative asserted that British media tycoon
735:(TERA). Straus named Hopkins, then unknown to Roosevelt, as TERA's executive director. His efficient administration of the initial $ 20 million outlay to the agency gained Roosevelt's attention, and in 1932, he promoted Hopkins to the presidency of the agency. Hopkins and
957:. Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys headed for Britain before the US had entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill and Stalin at
830:
Before
Hopkins began to decline from his struggle with stomach cancer in the late 1930s, Roosevelt appeared to be training him as a possible successor. With the advent of World War II in Europe, however, Roosevelt ran again in 1940 and won an unprecedented third term.
808:
125,110 public buildings, and 651,087 miles (1,047,823 km) of highways and roads. The WPA operated on its own on selected projects in co-operation with local and state governments, but always with its own staff and budget. Hopkins started programs for youth (
859:," Roosevelt urged a tired Hopkins to stay for dinner and then the night in a second-floor White House bedroom. Hopkins would live out of the bedroom for the next three-and-a-half years. On December 7, 1941, at 1:40 pm, Hopkins was in the Oval Study, in the
707:
and the State
Charities Aid Association in running three health demonstrations in New York State. Hopkins became manager of the Bellevue-Yorkville health project and assistant director of the AICP. In mid-1924 he became executive director of the New York
1100:
in
December 1949 that Hopkins passed nuclear secrets to the Soviets. Historians do not cite Jordan as credible since at the time Jordan claimed to have met with Hopkins in Washington regarding uranium shipments, Hopkins was in intensive care at the
944:
Hopkins had a major voice in policy for the vast $ 50 billion Lend-Lease program, especially regarding supplies, first for
Britain and then, upon the German invasion, the Soviets. He went to Moscow in July 1941 to make personal contact with
992:
had given Hopkins's wife, Louise, $ 500,000 worth of emeralds, which Louise denied. Newspapers ran stories detailing sumptuous dinners that Hopkins attended while he was making public calls for sacrifice. Hopkins briefly considered suing the
920:. In January 1941, Roosevelt dispatched Hopkins to assess Britain's determination and situation. Churchill escorted the important visitor all over the United Kingdom. Before he returned, at a small dinner party in the North British Hotel,
595:, ran a harness shop (after an erratic career as a salesman, prospector, storekeeper, and bowling-alley operator), but his real passion was bowling, and he eventually returned to it as a business. Anna Hopkins, born in
1191:. The two continued to live at the White House at Roosevelt's request, though Louise eventually demanded a home of their own. Hopkins ended his long White House stay on December 21, 1943, moving with his wife to a
940:
including warships, warplanes and weaponry. Repayment was primarily in the form of Allied military action against the enemy, as well as leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory used by American forces.
2415:
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653:(AICP) as a "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the Employment Bureau within the AICP's Department of Family Welfare. During the 1915 recession, Hopkins and the AICP's William Matthews, with $ 5,000 from
804:
people, and during its five months of operation, the CWA built and repaired 200 swimming pools, 3,700 playgrounds, 40,000 schools, 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of road, and 12 million feet of sewer pipe.
1165:
readily available evidence, or to seek the judgement of the knowledgeable. He conducted policy vis-a-vis Stalin with mere dogmatic confidence in his own (and his circle's) unshakeable sentiments."
823:
In the years after he resigned, Hopkins expressed pride in the WPA's key role in building internment camps for Japanese Americans. On March 19, 1942, for example, he lauded the then WPA head WPA,
1069:
Hopkins was the top American official assigned to dealing with Soviet officials during World War II. He liaised with Soviet officials from the middle ranks to the very highest, including Stalin.
1274:, concluded that "in light of all the available facts up to his death in 1946, it seems justifiable to speculate that he had non-tropical sprue or adult celiac disease (gluten enteropathy)."
3762:
3722:
650:
1231:
wrote, "the curative impact of Hopkins' increasingly crucial role in the war effort was to postpone the sentence of death the doctors had given him for five more years".
2412:
1033:
Hopkins had three sons who served in the armed forces during the war: Robert, David and Stephen. Stephen was killed in action while he was serving in the Marine Corps.
692:
as director of Civilian Relief, Gulf Division. Eventually, the Gulf Division of the Red Cross merged with the Southwestern Division and Hopkins, headquartered now in
1219:, and a few months after the operation, doctors stated that he had only four weeks to live. At this point, Roosevelt brought in experts, who transfused Hopkins with
1082:
objections from Republicans. As Soviet soldiers were bearing the brunt of the war, Hopkins felt that American aid to the Soviets would hasten the war's conclusion.
3742:
816:). Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt worked together to publicize and defend New Deal relief programs. He was concerned with rural areas but increasingly focused on
2239:
3717:
2662:
489:
program of military aid to the Allies and, as Roosevelt's personal envoy, played a pivotal role in shaping the alliance between the United States and the
3777:
824:
532:, and was considered a potential successor to the president until the late 1930s, when his health began to decline due to a long-running battle with
1285:. There is a house on the Grinnell College campus named after him and his childhood home, with a plaque, is located at Sixth Avenue and Elm Street.
3702:
2912:
556:
449:(August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was an American statesman, public administrator, and presidential advisor. A trusted deputy to President
3712:
2629:
684:, but, when war was declared in 1917, he supported it enthusiastically. He was rejected for the draft because of a bad eye. Hopkins moved to
1281:
on January 29, 1946, at the age of 55. His body was cremated and his ashes interred in his former college town at the Hazelwood Cemetery in
2532:
2485:
1654:
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in Minnesota. In 1963, the FBI concluded that Jordan "either lied for publicity and profit or was delusional." According to historian
953:
in Lend Lease. Hopkins made Lend Lease decisions in terms of Roosevelt's broad foreign policy goals. He accompanied Churchill to the
800:, which also created jobs by contracting private construction firms, which did not require applicants to be unemployed or on relief.
732:
525:
2026:
1951:
3485:
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Although Hopkins's health was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945. Hopkins attended the
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The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance
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52:
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and assisted the president in the management of American foreign policy, particularly toward the United Kingdom and the
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hired Hopkins as the agency's executive director. His successful leadership of the program earned the attention of then-
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Though his death has been attributed to his stomach cancer, some historians have suggested that it was the cumulative
980:, which received Lend-Lease aid for its military and air force. Hopkins wielded more diplomatic power than the entire
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1586:. Stanford nuclear age series (Orig. printing ed.). Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. pp. 51-53.
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It is likely that any Soviets who spoke to Hopkins would have been routinely required to report the contact to the
324:
2276:
1643:"The Executive of the Presidents Soviet Protocol Committee (Burns) to the President's Special Assistant (Hopkins)"
3520:
3515:
3323:
929:
555:, recalled Hopkins in his memoirs as a "natural leader of men" with "a flaming soul." Hopkins attended the major
661:, organized the Bronx Park Employment program, which was one of the first public employment programs in the US.
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20:
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792:(WPA). Over 90% of the people employed by the Hopkins programs were unemployed or on relief. He feuded with
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2144:
1149:, thought that Hopkins was pro-Soviet, but others thought that he was not. Verne W. Newton, the author of
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sent Hopkins on one more mission to Moscow. Hopkins met with Stalin in late May to secure reassurances on
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In 1913, Hopkins married Ethel Gross (1886–1976), a Hungarian-Jewish immigrant active in New York City's
797:
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3470:
3449:
3379:
3374:
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3359:
2113:
Bremer, William W. "Along the 'American Way': The New Deal's Work Relief Programs for the Unemployed,"
2061:"Severe malnutrition in a public servant of the World War II era: the medical history of Harry Hopkins"
893:
785:
713:
654:
478:
211:
2235:. (1946). Highly detailed analysis and statistical summary of all New Deal relief programs; 900 pages
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Eduard Mark, "Venona's Source '19' and the 'Trident' Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?"
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Eduard Mark, "Venona's Source '19' and the 'Trident' Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?"
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450:
1145:, the Soviet national security agency. Eduard Mark (1998) says that some Soviets, such as spymaster
827:, for the "building of those camps for War Department for the Japanese evacuees on the West Coast."
539:
As Roosevelt's closest confidant, Hopkins assumed a leading foreign policy role after the outset of
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485:, which he built into the largest employer in the United States. He later oversaw the $ 50 billion
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Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945
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authoritatively reported that Hopkins' postmortem examination showed the cause of death was
1238:
related to his post-cancer digestive problems. Another suggestion is that Hopkins died from
916:
During the war years, Hopkins acted as Roosevelt's chief emissary to British Prime Minister
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1266:. James A. Halsted, a medical doctor, noted nutrition researcher, and the third husband of
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1114:
985:
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521:
500:. He accepted a position in New York City's Bureau of Child Welfare and worked for various
39:
8:
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The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937–1941: A Study on Competitive Cooperation
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575:(February 1945). His health continued to decline, and he died in 1946 at the age of 55.
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The Splendid and the Vile: The Sage of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz
1259:
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1050:
863:, having lunch with President Roosevelt, when Roosevelt received the first report that
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871:. Initially, Hopkins was skeptical of the news until Chief of Naval Operations Adm.
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603:, where she married David. She was deeply religious and active in the affairs of the
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The American Dole: Unemployment Relief and the Welfare State in the Great Depression
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Unlikely Heroes: Franklin Roosevelt, His Four Lieutenants, and the World They Made
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magazine (January 22, 1945) as the Roosevelt administration began its fourth term.
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and soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social
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The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
2419:
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The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
1673:
The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
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The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
1157:
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1113:(2021), “Many US lend-lease records, including the correspondence of Hopkins and
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In 1922, Hopkins returned to New York City, where the AICP was involved with the
643:
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from 1938 to 1940 and as Roosevelt's chief foreign policy advisor and liaison to
85:
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Harry Hopkins Index at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
2481:
1907:
Jewish First Wife, Divorced: The Correspondence of Ethel Gross and Harry Hopkins
1227:" phase of World War II ended in May 1940, the situation galvanized Hopkins; as
696:, was appointed general manager in 1921. Hopkins helped draft a charter for the
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Roosevelt, who brought Hopkins into his federal administration after he won the
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Allen, R.G.D. "Mutual Aid between the U.S. and the British Empire, 1941–5", in
2255:
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Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933–1956
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called a few minutes later to confirm Pearl Harbor had in fact been attacked.
649:. In the spring of 1913, he accepted a position from John A. Kingsbury of the
528:. Hopkins enjoyed close relationships with President Roosevelt and First Lady
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2224:
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Hopkins, June. "The road not taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief."
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984:. Hopkins helped identify and sponsor numerous potential leaders, including
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Association. During his tenure, the agency grew enormously and absorbed the
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587:, the fourth child of four sons and one daughter of David Aldona and Anna (
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Aid to Russia, 1941-1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, the Origins of the Cold War
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in February 1945. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died, but President
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program, under which the United States gave to Britain and Soviet Union,
860:
813:
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began a long friendship, which strengthened his role in relief programs.
681:
544:
501:
2273:
1905:
1886:
Eds. Katie Louchheim and Frank Freidel. Harvard University Press, 1983.
1447:
Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,
1414:
Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,
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Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John Earl. "Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage"
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1936:
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church. Shortly after Harry was born, the family moved successively to
496:
Born in Iowa, Hopkins settled in New York City after he graduated from
486:
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Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
2367:
The Decision to Aid Russia, 1941: Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics
839:
551:. He traveled frequently to the United Kingdom, whose prime minister,
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1247:
1243:
724:
604:
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Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
1584:
Another such victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945 - 1953
1392:(First ed.). Oakland: Independent Institute. pp. 182–183.
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1212:
937:
454:
1932:"DIANA HALSTED Obituary (2021) – Vienna, DC – The Washington Post"
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Hopkins continued to be a target of attacks even after his death.
949:. Hopkins recommended and Roosevelt accepted the inclusion of the
2350:
Anglo-American Economic Collaboration in War and Peace, 1942–1949
921:
851:
On May 10, 1940, after a long night and day spent discussing the
620:
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Documents Talk: A Non-Definitive History, www.documentstalk.com/
2200:
Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship
677:
which administered pensions to mothers with dependent children.
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Harry L. Hopkins and Anglo-American-Soviet Relations, 1941–1945
1558:
Harry L. Hopkins and Anglo-American-Soviet Relations, 1941–1945
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646:
2433:
Kimball, Warren F. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and World War II,"
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1134:
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16:
American New Deal administrator and WWII diplomat (1890–1946)
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A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941–1946
2357:
Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945
758:
WPA head Harry Hopkins speaking to reporters (November 1935)
651:
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
3258:
1968:
1142:
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292:
1903:
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Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy
1956:
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Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy
1216:
1211:. What remained of Hopkins's stomach struggled to digest
1980:
1752:
Christopher Andrew; Vasili Mitrokhin (August 29, 2000).
1318:
855:, Belgium, and Luxembourg that had ended the so-called "
3763:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1952:"How many weddings have been held at the White House?"
1857:
1481:"Pearl Harbor Day: How FDR Reacted on December 7 1941"
1427:
1779:
Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John Earl (November 2, 2014).
1460:
1306:
1185:. Macy was a divorced, gregarious former editor for
3723:
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration cabinet members
1207:, and doctors performed an extensive operation that
1745:
516:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration chairman
2494:(1948), memoir by senior FDR aide; Pulitzer Prize.
2464:Harry Hopkins: FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin
2027:"DR. JAMES A. HALSTED, 78, A NUTRITION RESEARCHER"
1533:Harry Hopkins: FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin
3640:
2260:The White House Papers Of Harry L. Hopkins Vol. I
1073:was Hopkins' counterpart with responsibility for
680:Hopkins at first opposed America's entrance into
3694:
885:'s portrait of Hopkins appeared on the cover of
664:
2195:(2023); on Perkins, Ickes, Wallace and Hopkins.
1884:The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak.
1258:due to hepatic iron accumulation from his many
508:organizations. He was elected president of the
473:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, the
65:December 24, 1938 – September 18, 1940
3743:Deaths from stomach cancer in New York (state)
1874:
1872:
1036:
700:(AASW) and was elected its president in 1923.
3626:
3274:
2906:
2606:
2119:Vol. 62, No. 3 (Dec. 1975), pp. 636–652
999:for libel after a story that compared him to
673:appointed Hopkins executive secretary of the
543:. From 1940 until 1943, Hopkins lived in the
457:relief programs before serving as the eighth
3718:Works Progress Administration administrators
3385:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
2428:The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 1939–1941
2208:McJimsey, George. "Hopkins, Harry Lloyd" in
1160:was the titular agent "19" mentioned in the
469:. During his career, Hopkins supervised the
1904:Allison Giffen; June Hopkins, eds. (2002).
1869:
1778:
1478:
3633:
3619:
3281:
3267:
2913:
2899:
2613:
2599:
2146:Harry Hopkins: Sudden Hero, Brash Reformer
1944:
1203:In mid-1939, Hopkins was told that he had
224:November 8, 1933 – March 31, 1934
38:
3778:People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
3491:National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act
2459:, A novel about Hopkins in London in 1941
2359:(2nd ed. 1995) standard scholarly survey
2096:West, Diana. "American Betrayal" =(2014)
2076:
1223:that halted his deterioration. When the "
1022:and to arrange concessions on the Soviet
1020:Soviet involvement in the Pacific theater
733:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration
2339:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
1536:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 53.
1120:
1040:
892:
877:
838:
583:Hopkins was born at 512 Tenth Street in
118:May 6, 1935 – December 24, 1938
3390:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
2577:December 24, 1938 – September 18, 1940
2451:, (Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2014),
2379:
2345:detailed statistical data on Lend Lease
2142:
2058:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1897:
1863:
1838:
1606:15 Stars, Stanley Weintraub, p. 234-235
1569:
1520:. New York: Penguin/Random House: 2020.
1504:
1466:
1433:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1156:It is currently considered likely that
1085:On August 10, 1943, he spoke about the
782:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
475:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
381: 1931; died 1937)
159:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
3695:
2374:U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain, 1940–1946
2024:
1710:
1657:from the original on August 21, 2018.
1581:
1098:House Un-American Activities Committee
698:American Association of Social Workers
591:Pickett) Hopkins. His father, born in
510:National Association of Social Workers
3703:United States secretaries of commerce
3614:
3262:
2894:
2622:United States Secretaries of Commerce
2594:
2325:American Council of Learned Societies
1740:Intelligence & National Security,
1711:Newton, Verne W. (October 28, 1990).
1699:Intelligence & National Security,
1387:
1007:, but he was dissuaded by Roosevelt.
867:via phone from Secretary of the Navy
3713:People of the New Deal arts projects
3511:Rural Electrification Administration
3476:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2179:Intelligence & National Security
2025:McGill, Douglas C. (March 6, 1984).
1950:The White House Historical Society.
1880:"Relief Programs and Harry Hopkins."
1781:"Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage"
1416:pp. 69, Random House, New York, NY.
843:News photo of Hopkins departing for
3466:Works Progress Administration (WPA)
2530:"Hopkins, Harry Lloyd (1890–1946),"
2254:(1948), memoir by senior FDR aide;
1449:p. 69, Random House, New York, NY.
1198:
1125:Harry Hopkins talks with President
459:United States secretary of commerce
171:May 12, 1933 – May 6, 1935
53:United States Secretary of Commerce
13:
2211:American National Biography Online
2099:
1785:Intelligence and National Security
1530:Christopher D. O'Sullivan (2014).
897:Hopkins standing behind President
853:German invasion of the Netherlands
571:(November–December 1943), and the
14:
3794:
3748:Politicians from Sioux City, Iowa
3728:20th-century American politicians
3425:Public Works Administration (PWA)
3395:Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act
3355:Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
2630:Secretaries of Commerce and Labor
2513:
2188:, R. E. Burdick Publishers (1974)
2169:The WPA and Federal Relief Policy
1742:Apr 1998, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p 1–31
1701:April 1998, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p 20
1376:The WPA and Federal Relief Policy
3450:Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
3415:National Recovery Administration
3405:National Industrial Recovery Act
2967:
2661:
2319:Dictionary of American Biography
2015:, 2001 revised edition, page 889
1827:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
1713:"A Soviet Agent? Harry Hopkins?"
1617:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
1479:Peter Grier (December 7, 2010).
1168:
772:FDR and Hopkins (September 1938)
765:
751:
557:conferences of the Allied powers
355:
3521:United States Housing Authority
2520:Works by or about Harry Hopkins
2466:. (Rowman and Littlefield 2014)
2052:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1924:
1910:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
1844:
1819:
1772:
1732:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1665:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1600:
1575:
1550:
1523:
1510:
1472:
1439:
1087:USSR's decisive role in the war
834:
812:) and for artists and writers (
796:, who ran a rival program, the
599:, had moved at an early age to
398:
378:
351:
3496:National Labor Relations Board
3486:Judicial Procedures Reform Act
2435:Presidential Studies Quarterly
2186:Harry Hopkins and the New Deal
2127:Presidential Studies Quarterly
1406:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1330:
1003:, the famous courtier of Tsar
905:aboard the British battleship
865:Pearl Harbor had been attacked
818:cities in the Great Depression
21:Harry Hopkins (disambiguation)
1:
3708:Works Progress Administration
3642:Works Progress Administration
3420:National Youth Administration
2352:. (1982), British perspective
1288:
810:National Youth Administration
790:Works Progress Administration
669:In 1915, New York City Mayor
665:Social and public health work
578:
483:Works Progress Administration
106:Works Progress Administration
3481:Farm Security Administration
3288:
2341:no. 109 #3, 1946. pp 243–77
2306:Williams, Edward Ainsworth.
1797:10.1080/02684527.2014.913403
1758:. Basic Books. p. 106.
7:
3430:Public Works of Art Project
3350:Agricultural Adjustment Act
2486:author webcast presentation
2181:(Nov 2014) 29#6 pp 864–879.
2116:Journal of American History
1037:Relations with Soviet Union
976:He was a firm supporter of
901:and British Prime Minister
798:Public Works Administration
742:
727:department store president
719:In 1931, New York Governor
10:
3799:
3768:New York (state) Democrats
3651:Federal Project Number One
3471:Federal Project Number One
3380:Farm Credit Administration
3375:Homeowners Refinancing Act
3360:Civil Works Administration
2965:
2566:U.S. Secretary of Commerce
2462:O'Sullivan, Christopher.
2418:November 19, 2008, at the
2303:(2007) scholarly biography
2279:September 6, 2008, at the
2258:; published in England as
2229:Relief and Social Security
2136:February 19, 2008, at the
2108:Harry Hopkins: A Biography
2059:Halsted, James A. (1975).
1582:Offner, Arnold A. (2002).
1209:removed 75% of his stomach
786:Civil Works Administration
714:New York Heart Association
655:Elizabeth Milbank Anderson
619:. They spent two years in
526:1932 presidential election
479:Civil Works Administration
212:Civil Works Administration
18:
3682:Historical Records Survey
3657:
3648:
3590:
3534:
3506:Rural Electrification Act
3458:
3332:
3296:
3237:
3200:
3175:
3158:Secretary of the Interior
3156:
3119:
3094:
3057:
3026:
3003:Secretary of the Treasury
3001:
2976:
2936:
2670:
2659:
2628:
2579:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2321:, Supplement 4: 1946–1950
2233:The Brookings Institution
1485:Christian Science Monitor
1127:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
451:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
432:
417:
409:
330:
320:
299:
271:
266:
262:
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238:
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217:
209:
197:
185:
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156:
144:
132:
122:
111:
103:
91:
79:
69:
58:
50:
46:
37:
30:
3677:Federal Writers' Project
3526:Fair Labor Standards Act
3177:Secretary of Agriculture
2504:Woods, Randall Bennett.
2497:Tuttle, Dwight William.
2437:Vol. 34#1 (2004) pp 83+.
2264:online vol 1 to Jan 1942
1388:Beito, David T. (2023).
688:where he worked for the
601:Vermillion, South Dakota
3773:People in public health
3758:Grinnell College alumni
3672:Federal Theatre Project
3440:Railroad Retirement Act
3319:American Liberty League
2672:Secretaries of Commerce
2482:excerpt and text search
2316:"Harry Lloyd Hopkins".
1651:Office of the Historian
1556:Dwight William Tuttle,
675:Bureau of Child Welfare
623:and finally settled in
2535:June 23, 2013, at the
2528:Svetlana Chervonnaya,
2449:Sleep in Peace Tonight
2440:Louis, William Roger.
2407:Herring Jr. George C.
2308:Federal Aid for Relief
2143:Hopkins, June (1999).
1272:Anna Roosevelt Halsted
1138:
1133:before setting out to
1066:
1065:in Iran, December 1943
913:
890:
873:Harold Rainsford Stark
848:
3667:Federal Music Project
3542:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3435:Reciprocal Tariff Act
3340:Emergency Banking Act
3202:Secretary of Commerce
3121:Secretary of the Navy
3067:Homer Stille Cummings
2992:Edward Stettinius Jr.
2929:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2572:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2492:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2381:Goodwin, Doris Kearns
2348:Clarke, Sir Richard.
2262:(1948) to Jan 1942;
2252:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2242:June 4, 2011, at the
2013:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2002:, 2013, pages 404–405
1829:, Norton, 2001, p 151
1647:www.history.state.gov
1619:, Norton, 2001, p 150
1268:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1151:FDR and the Holocaust
1124:
1109:, in his recent book
1044:
1005:Nicholas II of Russia
899:Franklin D. Roosevelt
896:
881:
842:
721:Franklin D. Roosevelt
705:Milbank Memorial Fund
659:Milbank Memorial Fund
567:(November 1943), the
561:Casablanca Conference
233:Franklin D. Roosevelt
210:Administrator of the
180:Franklin D. Roosevelt
157:Administrator of the
151:Francis C. Harrington
127:Franklin D. Roosevelt
104:Administrator of the
74:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3562:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
3410:National Housing Act
3370:Executive Order 6102
3042:Harry Hines Woodring
3017:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
2490:Sherwood, Robert E.
2391:Simon & Schuster
2285:Smith, Jason Scott.
2106:Adams, Henry Hitch.
2011:Robert E. Sherwood,
1878:Arthur Goldschmidt.
1348:George T. McJimsey,
1229:Doris Kearns Goodwin
1175:Progressive movement
1115:Edward Stettinius Jr
986:Dwight D. Eisenhower
814:Federal One Programs
731:as president of the
609:Council Bluffs, Iowa
563:(January 1943), the
354: 1913;
276:Harold Lloyd Hopkins
245:Position established
192:Position established
139:Position established
19:For other uses, see
3662:Federal Art Project
2365:Dawson, Raymond H.
2249:Sherwood, Robert E.
2217:McJimsey George T.
1977:, p. 459, 480.
1303:, p. 61, 67–9.
1094:George Racey Jordan
1024:sphere of influence
955:Atlantic Conference
883:Ernest Hamlin Baker
671:John Purroy Mitchel
453:, Hopkins directed
3753:American diplomats
3400:Glass–Steagall Act
3365:Communications Act
3309:New Deal Coalition
3239:Secretary of Labor
3096:Postmaster General
2978:Secretary of State
2551:Political offices
2447:MacManus, James.
2425:Kimball, Warren F.
2293:Smith, Jean Edward
2221:(1987), biography.
2191:Leebaert, Derek.
2167:Howard, Donald S.
2151:Palgrave Macmillan
2031:The New York Times
1841:, p. 144–145.
1718:The New York Times
1374:Donald S. Howard,
1327:, pp. 139–41.
1260:blood transfusions
1139:
1067:
1055:Vyacheslav Molotov
1051:Kliment Voroshilov
914:
912:on August 10, 1941
891:
849:
690:American Red Cross
617:Hastings, Nebraska
512:in 1923. In 1931,
257:Position abolished
204:Position abolished
3690:
3689:
3608:
3607:
3297:Causes and legacy
3256:
3255:
3191:Claude R. Wickard
3129:Claude A. Swanson
3079:Robert H. Jackson
3011:William H. Woodin
2946:John Nance Garner
2888:
2887:
2589:
2588:
2580:Succeeded by
2574:
2469:Reynolds, David.
2268:Singleton, Jeff.
2184:Kurzman, Paul A.
2000:The Hopkins Touch
1989:, pp. 31–32.
1965:, p. 349–50.
1852:The Hopkins Touch
1825:Robert Conquest,
1765:978-0-465-00312-9
1615:Robert Conquest,
1593:978-0-8047-4774-5
1572:, p. 458–59.
1507:, p. 212–13.
1455:978-1-4000-6964-4
1422:978-1-4000-6964-4
1337:Jean Edward Smith
1096:testified to the
1063:Tehran Conference
918:Winston Churchill
903:Winston Churchill
737:Eleanor Roosevelt
630:Hopkins attended
597:Hamilton, Ontario
569:Tehran Conference
553:Winston Churchill
530:Eleanor Roosevelt
522:New York Governor
436:
435:
3790:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3582:Robert F. Wagner
3577:Francis Townsend
3304:Great Depression
3283:
3276:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3228:Henry A. Wallace
3185:Henry A. Wallace
3059:Attorney General
3048:Henry L. Stimson
3028:Secretary of War
2971:
2970:
2952:Henry A. Wallace
2915:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2665:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2569:
2556:Preceded by
2548:
2547:
2524:Internet Archive
2404:
2386:No Ordinary Time
2372:Dobson, Alan P.
2355:Dallek, Robert.
2164:
2129:29, 2(306–316).
2091:
2090:
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1941:
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1298:
1277:Hopkins died in
1264:iron supplements
1199:Cancer and death
1179:Yellow Oval Room
1012:Yalta Conference
1001:Grigory Rasputin
990:Lord Beaverbrook
982:State Department
969:in 1942–43, and
825:Howard O. Hunter
769:
755:
636:settlement house
632:Grinnell College
585:Sioux City, Iowa
573:Yalta Conference
565:Cairo Conference
559:, including the
498:Grinnell College
422:Grinnell College
402:
400:
391:Louise Gill Macy
382:
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306:
303:January 29, 1946
285:
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267:Personal details
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3644:
3639:
3609:
3604:
3586:
3552:Frances Perkins
3547:Harold L. Ickes
3530:
3516:Social Security
3459:Second New Deal
3454:
3328:
3292:
3287:
3257:
3252:
3247:Frances Perkins
3233:
3210:Daniel C. Roper
3196:
3171:
3166:Harold L. Ickes
3152:
3147:James Forrestal
3115:
3110:Frank C. Walker
3090:
3053:
3022:
2997:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:Harry S. Truman
2932:
2919:
2889:
2884:
2666:
2657:
2624:
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2585:
2576:
2568:
2561:
2559:Daniel C. Roper
2537:Wayback Machine
2516:
2511:
2420:Wayback Machine
2401:
2281:Wayback Machine
2244:Wayback Machine
2161:
2138:Wayback Machine
2102:
2100:Further reading
2094:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1998:David L. Roll,
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
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1961:
1957:
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1945:
1930:
1929:
1925:
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1854:, 2013, page 24
1850:David L. Roll,
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1684:Sean McMeekin,
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1299:
1295:
1291:
1252:Robert Sherwood
1201:
1188:Harper's Bazaar
1171:
1158:Laurence Duggan
1147:Iskhak Akhmerov
1071:Anastas Mikoyan
1059:George Marshall
1039:
1016:Harry S. Truman
996:Chicago Tribune
936:food, oil, and
909:Prince of Wales
847:in January 1941
837:
788:(CWA), and the
780:supervised the
777:
776:
775:
774:
773:
770:
761:
760:
759:
756:
745:
667:
644:Lower East Side
581:
518:Jesse I. Straus
465:leaders during
405:
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401: 1942)
396:
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376:
372:
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361:
358: 1929)
349:
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321:Political party
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286:August 17, 1890
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2583:Jesse H. Jones
2581:
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2570:Served under:
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2515:
2514:External links
2512:
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2071:(23): 23–32.
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2014:
2008:
2001:
1995:
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1688:(2021) p 534.
1687:
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1560:(1983) p. 160
1559:
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1543:9781442222229
1539:
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1475:
1469:, p. 37.
1468:
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1365:(1987) ch 5–7
1364:
1363:Harry Hopkins
1358:
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1333:
1326:
1321:
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1279:New York City
1275:
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1256:hemosiderosis
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:liver failure
1237:
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1218:
1214:
1210:
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1196:
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1169:Personal life
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1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
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1107:Sean McMeekin
1104:
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1080:
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1047:Joseph Stalin
1045:Hopkins with
1043:
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640:New York City
637:
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593:Bangor, Maine
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531:
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511:
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506:public health
503:
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72:
68:
62:
57:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:Harry Hopkins
29:
26:
22:
3556:
3215:
3104:James Farley
3073:Frank Murphy
2986:Cordell Hull
2714:
2564:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2408:
2385:
2373:
2366:
2356:
2349:
2338:
2332:World War II
2317:
2307:
2301:Random House
2296:
2286:
2269:
2259:
2251:
2228:
2218:
2210:
2203:Random House
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2168:
2145:
2126:
2114:
2107:
2095:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2030:
2020:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1987:Goodwin 1994
1982:
1975:Goodwin 1994
1970:
1963:Goodwin 1994
1958:
1946:
1935:
1926:
1906:
1899:
1883:
1864:Hopkins 1999
1859:
1851:
1846:
1839:Hopkins 1999
1834:
1826:
1821:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1686:Stalin's War
1685:
1680:
1675:(2012) p 399
1672:
1671:David Roll,
1667:
1658:
1646:
1637:
1629:
1628:David Roll,
1624:
1616:
1611:
1602:
1583:
1577:
1570:Goodwin 1994
1565:
1557:
1552:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1505:Goodwin 1994
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1474:
1467:Goodwin 1994
1462:
1446:
1441:
1434:Goodwin 1994
1429:
1413:
1408:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1332:
1325:Hopkins 1999
1320:
1313:Hopkins 1999
1308:
1301:Hopkins 1999
1296:
1276:
1270:'s daughter
1236:malnutrition
1233:
1221:blood plasma
1202:
1186:
1172:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1111:Stalin’s War
1110:
1091:
1084:
1068:
1032:
1009:
994:
975:
943:
932:, and other
915:
908:
886:
850:
835:World War II
829:
822:
806:
802:
794:Harold Ickes
784:(FERA), the
778:
729:Jesse Straus
725:R. H. Macy's
718:
710:Tuberculosis
702:
679:
668:
629:
588:
582:
549:Soviet Union
541:World War II
538:
495:
467:World War II
446:
442:
439:Harold Lloyd
438:
437:
305:(1946-01-29)
256:
252:Succeeded by
244:
219:
203:
199:Succeeded by
191:
166:
146:Succeeded by
138:
113:
93:Succeeded by
60:
25:
3738:1946 deaths
3733:1890 births
3535:Individuals
3345:Economy Act
3314:Brain Trust
3249:(1933–1945)
3224:(1940–1945)
3218:(1938–1940)
3212:(1933–1938)
3193:(1940–1945)
3187:(1933–1940)
3168:(1933–1945)
3149:(1944–1945)
3143:(1940–1944)
3137:(1939–1940)
3131:(1933–1939)
3112:(1940–1945)
3106:(1933–1940)
3087:(1941–1945)
3081:(1940–1941)
3075:(1939–1940)
3069:(1933–1939)
3050:(1940–1945)
3044:(1936–1940)
3038:(1933–1936)
3036:George Dern
3019:(1934–1945)
2994:(1944–1945)
2988:(1933–1944)
2954:(1941–1945)
2948:(1933–1941)
2931:(1933–1945)
1632:(2012) ch 6
1490:December 7,
1195:townhouse.
1183:White House
1103:Mayo Clinic
861:White House
686:New Orleans
682:World War I
545:White House
502:social work
341:Ethel Gross
240:Preceded by
187:Preceded by
134:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
3697:Categories
3141:Frank Knox
2795:Richardson
2765:Trowbridge
1937:Legacy.com
1361:McJimsey,
1289:References
1225:Phoney War
1193:Georgetown
1118:illegal”.
1075:Lend-Lease
967:Casablanca
926:Lend-Lease
869:Frank Knox
857:Phoney War
579:Early life
487:Lend-Lease
481:, and the
325:Democratic
289:Sioux City
282:1890-08-17
3567:Huey Long
3324:Criticism
2926:President
2855:Gutierrez
2820:Mosbacher
2805:Klutznick
2685:Alexander
2638:Cortelyou
2039:0362-4331
1894:. p. 191.
1813:153925442
1805:0268-4527
1339:, p. 251.
1248:cirrhosis
1244:hepatitis
973:in 1945.
907:HMS
605:Methodist
418:Education
229:President
220:In office
176:President
167:In office
123:President
114:In office
70:President
61:In office
3595:Category
3333:New Deal
3290:New Deal
2880:Raimondo
2870:Pritzker
2825:Franklin
2810:Baldrige
2780:Peterson
2730:Harriman
2680:Redfield
2533:Archived
2416:Archived
2383:(1994).
2343:in JSTOR
2277:Archived
2240:Archived
2134:Archived
2121:in JSTOR
2044:June 30,
1655:Archived
1213:proteins
938:materiel
743:New Deal
514:New York
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