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98:, public buildings, parks, and roads. Rural areas profited, with most labor being directed to roads and community schools. CWA officials gave preference to veterans with dependents, but considerable political favoritism determined which North Dakotans got jobs.
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put 2,392 unemployed workers on its payroll at a cost of about $ 250,000. When the CWA began in eastern
Connecticut, it could hire only 480 workers out of 1,500 who registered for jobs. Projects undertaken included work on city
121:
308:
Although the CWA provided much employment, there were critics who said there was nothing of permanent value. Roosevelt told his cabinet that this criticism moved him to end the program and replace it with the
66:(FERA). The CWA created construction jobs, mainly improving or constructing buildings and bridges. It ended on March 31, 1934, after spending $ 200 million a month and giving jobs to four million people.
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in order to rapidly create mostly manual-labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter of 1933–34. President
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Neumann, Todd C., Price V. Fishback, and Shawn Kantor. "The dynamics of relief spending and the private urban labor market during the New Deal."
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119 images showing work projects in King County, Washington established under the auspices of the Civil Works
Administration in 1933–34.
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1934: A New Deal for
Artists" is an exhibition on the artists of the Great Depression at the Smithsonian American Art Museum
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794:
770:
381:
Roger D. Hardaway, "The New Deal at the Local Level: The Civil Works
Administration in Grand Forks County, North Dakota,"
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915:
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Representative of the work are one county's accomplishments in less than five months, from
November 1933 to March 1934.
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CWA workers laid 12 million feet of sewer pipe and built or improved 255,000 miles of roads, 40,000 schools, 3,700
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Peters, Charles and
Timothy Noah. "Wrong Harry – Four million jobs in two years? FDR did it in two months"
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Report on Civil Works
Administration of Alabama, Jefferson County Division, Nov. 19, 1933 – Mar. 31, 1934
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which would have long-term value for the society, in addition to short-term benefits for the unemployed.
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Bremer, William W. "Along the "American Way": The New Deal's Work Relief
Programs for the Unemployed",
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805:
734:
613:
280:
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University of
Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Civil Works Administration Photographs
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The Civil Works
Administration, 1933–1934: The Business of Emergency Employment in the New Deal
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CWA project in Minnesota to straighten a road by removing a solid rock obstruction (1934)
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The Civil Works Administration: an experiment in Federal work relief, 1933–1934
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Building new deal liberalism: The political economy of public works, 1933–1956
23:
Civil Works Administration workers cleaning and painting the gold dome of the
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Lewis, Michael. "No Relief From Politics: Machine Bosses and Civil Works."
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364:"Wrong Harry – Four million jobs in two years? FDR did it in two months"
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Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days 1933–1936
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Documentary History of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration
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Building the high school athletic field in Huntsville, Alabama
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Hangar at the municipal airport in Montgomery, Alabama (1934)
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Four million jobs in two years? FDR did it in two months.
513:" in the Birmingham Public Library's Digital Collections
78:, and nearly 1,000 airports. The program was praised by
501:
FDR, Harry Hopkins, and the civil works administration
415:(Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1989) pp. 190–244.
229:
El Monte Golf Course Clubhouse in Ogden, Utah (1935)
16:
US federal government job-creation program (1933–34)
411:Badger, Anthony J. "Doles and Jobs: Welfare." in
926:Former United States Federal assistance programs
907:
268:Community building in Stockton, Missouri (1934)
422:Vol. 62, No. 3 (Dec., 1975), pp. 636–652
55:unveiled the CWA on November 8, 1933, and put
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503:(LexisNexis, 2006) 679 pages; vol 30. of the
680:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
213:Scenic boulevard built by 6,000 workers in
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430:Harry Hopkins: Sudden hero, brash reformer
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786:National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act
82:, who later ran against Roosevelt in the
921:1933 establishments in the United States
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62:The CWA was a project created under the
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685:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
444:A new deal for southeastern archaeology
147:Marker for Grant Park in Phoenix (1934)
64:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
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186:CWA sanitary workers in Chicago (1933)
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49:Great Depression in the United States
806:Rural Electrification Administration
771:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
489:(1979), a standard scholarly history
475:(1984), a standard scholarly history
446:(University of Alabama Press, 1996).
59:in charge of the short-term agency.
761:Works Progress Administration (WPA)
482:(Cambridge University Press, 2006).
13:
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254:Rocky Neck State Park Trail Bridge
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720:Public Works Administration (PWA)
690:Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act
650:Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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745:Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
710:National Recovery Administration
700:National Industrial Recovery Act
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385:1991, Vol. 58 Issue 2, pp 20–30
283:in Grey Eagle, Minnesota (1934)
791:National Labor Relations Board
781:Judicial Procedures Reform Act
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715:National Youth Administration
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323:Works Progress Administration
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199:Grandview Park Music Pavilion
776:Farm Security Administration
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725:Public Works of Art Project
645:Agricultural Adjustment Act
451:Journal of Economic History
420:Journal of American History
333:Public Works Administration
328:Civilian Conservation Corps
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916:Civil Works Administration
766:Federal Project Number One
675:Farm Credit Administration
670:Homeowners Refinancing Act
655:Civil Works Administration
548:Civil Works Administration
33:Civil Works Administration
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801:Rural Electrification Act
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215:San Francisco, California
201:, Sioux City, Iowa (1934)
821:Fair Labor Standards Act
735:Railroad Retirement Act
614:American Liberty League
437:Urban Affairs Quarterly
281:Grey Eagle Village Hall
499:McJimsey, George, ed.
471:Schwartz, Bonnie Fox.
453:70.1 (2010): 195–220.
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25:Colorado State Capitol
837:Franklin D. Roosevelt
730:Reciprocal Tariff Act
635:Emergency Banking Act
439:30.2 (1994): 210–226.
383:North Dakota History,
298:(Leonidas, Michigan).
296:Leonidas Stone School
53:Franklin D. Roosevelt
22:
857:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
705:National Housing Act
665:Executive Order 6102
550:at Wikimedia Commons
478:Smith, Jason Scott.
129:Breese Stevens Field
41:job creation program
39:) was a short-lived
485:Walker, Forrest A.
113:Camp Verde, Arizona
43:established by the
695:Glass–Steagall Act
660:Communications Act
604:New Deal Coalition
133:Madison, Wisconsin
29:
903:
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592:Causes and legacy
546:Media related to
432:(Springer, 2016).
394:Harold L. Ickes,
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872:Francis Townsend
599:Great Depression
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830:Individuals
640:Economy Act
609:Brain Trust
76:playgrounds
47:during the
910:Categories
339:References
304:Opposition
80:Alf Landon
862:Huey Long
619:Criticism
890:Category
628:New Deal
585:New Deal
424:in JSTOR
317:See also
45:New Deal
895:Commons
27:(1934).
467:online
455:online
217:(1934)
174:(1934)
135:(1934)
115:(1933)
462:Slate
369:Slate
31:The
795:Act
311:WPA
131:in
37:CWA
912::
366:,
358:;
347:^
86:.
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793:(
577:e
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35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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_marker_(1934)_on_Breese_Stevens_Field_in_Madison,_Wisconsin_CWA_marker.jpg)
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