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424:, as well as of techniques to immortalise cells with Epstein–Barr virus and to induce replication of the virus using phorbol esters. His work on papillomaviruses and cervical cancer received a great deal of scientific criticism when first published but subsequently was confirmed and was used as the basis for research on other high-risk papillomaviruses.
459:
royalties for HPV vaccines. The controversy was exacerbated by the fact that AstraZeneca had also entered into a partnership with Nobel Web and Nobel Media to sponsor documentaries and lectures to increase awareness of the prize. However, colleagues widely felt that the award was deserved, and the
472:, and who in prior years had co-authored many research journal articles with zur Hausen on papilloma virus and genital cancer, dating as far back as 1981. He acknowledged her research contributions and support in his Nobel Prize biography.
351:
hybridization. This was followed by the discovery of HPV18 a year later, thus identifying the causes of approximately 75% of human cervical cancer. The announcement of his breakthrough sparked a major scientific controversy.
524:
708:
Zur Hausen received almost 40 honorary doctorates and numerous honorary professorships, including degrees from the universities of
Chicago, Umeå, Prague, Salford, Helsinki, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ferrara, Guadalajara and Sal.
4069:
1808:
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343:. He isolated HPV 6 DNA from genital warts, suggesting a possible new way of identifying viruses in human tumours. This discovery paid off several years later, in 1983, when zur Hausen identified HPV 16 DNA in
623:
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The award of the 2008 Nobel Prize to zur Hausen became controversial following the revelation that Bo
Angelin, a member of the Nobel Assembly that year, also sat on the board of
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Zur Hausen had three sons from his first marriage, Jan Dirk, Axel and Gerrit. In 1993, he married Ethel-Michele de
Villiers, who at the time was a fellow researcher at the
3994:
682:
609:
2054:
Morgan, Gregory J (2022). "Planned
Practical Playoffs: Harald zur Hausen, Jian Zhou, Ian Frazer, Douglas Lowy, John Schiller, HPV, and the Cervical Cancer Vaccine".
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secretary of the Nobel
Committee and Assembly issued a statement affirming that Bo Angelin was unaware of AstraZeneca's HPV vaccine patents at the time of the vote.
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3999:
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843:
794:
Henle, Werner (1 September 1967). "Herpes-Type Virus and
Chromosome Marker in Normal Leukocytes after Growth with Irradiated Burkitt Cells | Science".
300:
He joined the
Institute for Microbiology at the University of Düsseldorf as a laboratory assistant in 1962. After three and a half years there, he moved to
4004:
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412:. Together with his collaborators, he then identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancers in 1983–84. This research made possible the development of the
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312:, who had escaped from Nazi Germany. In 1967, he contributed to a ground-breaking study that for the first time proved a virus (
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911:"A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions"
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970:"A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer"
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416:, the first formulation of which was commercialised in 2006. He is also credited with discovery of the virus causing
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zur Hausen H, de
Villiers EM, Gissmann L (October 1981). "Papillomavirus infections and human genital cancer".
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From 1983 until 2003, zur Hausen served as chairman of the board and scientific advisory board member of the
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420:(HPV 6) and a monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus that is a close relative to a recently discovered human
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in 1968. In 1969, he returned to
Germany to become a regular teaching and researching professor at the
317:
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From 2007 to 2011, zur Hausen was a member of the scientific advisory board of
Zukunftskolleg at the
309:
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316:) can turn healthy cells (lymphocytes) into cancer cells. He became an assistant professor at the
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2006:
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2008 Nobel Prize winner "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
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Boshart, M; Gissmann, L; Ikenberg, H; Kleinheinz, A; Scheurlen, W; zur Hausen, H (1984).
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1976:"Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. mult. Harald zur Hausen / Nobelpreisträger für Medizin 2008"
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until the end of 2010. On 1 January 2010, zur Hausen became the vice president of
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1287:
1270:
409:
344:
339:, zur Hausen first isolated human papillomavirus 6 by simple centrifugation from
227:
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118:
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10.1002/1097-0142(19870515)59:10<1692::AID-CNCR2820591003>3.0.CO;2-F
1424:
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Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2436:
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1006:
954:
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3146:
2942:
2859:
2489:
2481:
2465:
2171:
1952:[The New Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts].
1656:"AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research: Past Recipients"
578:
452:
413:
20:
1927:
3624:
2883:
2831:
2778:
1450:"Lila and Murray Gruber Memorial Cancer Research Award and Lectureship"
908:
560:
364:
243:
101:
51:
1176:
1159:
3825:
3377:
1246:. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Archived from
401:
332:(Breisgau), where he headed the Department of Virology and Hygiene.
292:, Gelsenkirchen, and Düsseldorf, qualifying as a physician in 1962.
3620:
1350:
1319:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008: Harald zur Hausen"
671:
Honorary Fellow of the World Hellenic Biomedical Association (2013)
219:
164:
1584:. Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum in Heidelberg. 30 January 2006
1525:"Prize Winners of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize"
1371:
1369:
1205:
1203:
967:
285:
24:
1873:"Honorary Fellows of the World Hellenic Biomedical Association"
559:
for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology (with
456:
389:
265:
260:
1366:
1200:
2029:
Catching Cancer: The Quest for its Viral and Bacterial Causes
1708:"Bundesverdienstkreuz für Nobelpreisträger Harald zur Hausen"
1700:
1271:"HIV, HPV Researchers Honored, but One Scientist is Left Out"
909:
M Dürst; L Gissmann; H Ikenberg; H zur Hausen (1 June 1983).
873:
1980:
1064:
114:
1477:"Charles S. Mott prize papillomaviruses in human cancer"
4090:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
3990:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
3975:
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
1950:"Novi člani Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti"
1377:"Medizin-Nobelpreisträger Harald zur Hausen gestorben"
579:
AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research
4075:
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
4010:
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
1758:"Previous winners of the Mike Price Gold Medal Award"
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
525:
Lila and Murray Gruber Memorial Cancer Research Award
324:'s Institute for Virology. In 1972, he moved to the
3995:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
1579:"Harald zur Hausen Receives Raymond Bourgine Award"
697:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1160:"Volume 100 of theInternational Journal of Cancer"
1060:"Nobel laureate Harald zur Hausen has passed away"
719:
2056:Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology
1233:
1231:
1229:
598:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
3951:
1337:
1211:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008"
569:Johann-Georg-Zimmermann Medal of Hannover (2007)
400:Zur Hausen's field of research was the study of
284:degree there in 1960. He pursued internships in
2134:Harald zur Hausen / Nobelpreis für Medizin 2008
2031:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1861:. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica. 2011.
1674:
268:, then studied medicine at the universities of
2169:
1764:. The European Association for Cancer Research
1226:
1130:"Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Harald zur Hausen"
869:
867:
844:"Sein Ansatz war die radikale Krebsprävention"
230:in cervical cancer, for which he received the
4000:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2422:
2155:
1456:. American Academy of Dermatology Association
1311:
1268:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
837:
835:
833:
3980:Academic staff of the University of Freiburg
3970:Academic staff of the University of Würzburg
1346:"Nobelpreisträger Harald zur Hausen ist tot"
1025:
1023:
624:The European Association for Cancer Research
218:; 11 March 1936 – 29 May 2023) was a German
4065:Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf alumni
4005:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1087:"Nobelpreisträger – Universität Heidelberg"
864:
841:
475:Zur Hausen died on 29 May 2023, at age 87.
249:
2429:
2415:
2162:
2148:
2126:
1662:. American Association for Cancer Research
1262:
1240:"A Nobel Prize for Overblown Controversy?"
1157:
1105:
830:
541:Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
484:
50:
4045:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
1684:. The Gairdner Foundation. Archived from
1492:
1286:
1175:
1020:
996:
944:
934:
2026:
1968:
1907:American Association for Cancer Research
676:American Association for Cancer Research
3985:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
1899:"Harald zur Hausen, MD – Class of 2013"
1879:. World Hellenic Biomedical Association
1738:. American Society of Clinical Oncology
666:Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters
585:Gairdner Foundation International Award
566:Loeffler-Frosch Medal of Erlangen(2007)
258:in a Catholic family. He completed his
4040:People from the Province of Westphalia
3952:
2053:
1474:
1054:
1052:
1050:
690:Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
2442:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2410:
2143:
1403:"Traueranzeige von Harald zur Hausen"
1237:
1032:Harald zur Hausen / German virologist
793:
652:European Academy of Sciences and Arts
614:American Society of Clinical Oncology
591:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
304:to work at the Virus Laboratories of
232:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
205:
144:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
842:Müller-Jung, Joachim (30 May 2023).
769:"Henle, Werner and Gertrude. Papers"
395:
1047:
703:
408:plays an important role in causing
306:Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
13:
4080:University of Pennsylvania faculty
1999:
1784:"Academy of Europe: Hausen Harald"
1475:Hausen, Harald Zur (15 May 1987).
1343:
1158:zur Hausen, Harald (1 July 2002).
989:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01944.x
308:together with eminent virologists
14:
4101:
2085:
2092:
2027:Cornwall, Claudia Maria (2013).
1213:. Nobelprize.org. 6 October 2008
596:Knight Commander's Cross of the
463:
404:. In 1976, he hypothesised that
388:, the largest cancer charity in
378:. He was editor-in-chief of the
367:and as professor of medicine at
361:Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
326:University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
264:at Antonianum Grammar School in
240:Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
234:in 2008. He was chairman of the
1942:
1920:
1891:
1865:
1851:
1826:
1801:
1776:
1750:
1728:
1648:
1622:
1596:
1571:
1546:
1517:
1468:
1442:
1417:
1395:
1238:Cohen, Jon (15 December 2008).
1164:International Journal of Cancer
1151:
1079:
529:American Academy of Dermatology
487:Infections Causing Human Cancer
448:(HPV) causing cervical cancer
381:International Journal of Cancer
2118:Zur Hausen Nobel Prize lecture
2060:Johns Hopkins University Press
1634:Warren Alpert Foundation Prize
1269:Cohen, J; Enserink, M (2008).
961:
902:
787:
761:
645:American Philosophical Society
630:
573:Warren Alpert Foundation Prize
548:American Philosophical Society
427:
328:. In 1977, he moved on to the
207:[ˈhaʁalttsuːɐ̯ˈhaʊzn̩]
1:
2023:(interview, CV, publications)
1713:German Cancer Research Center
1534:. The Paul Ehrlich Foundation
808:10.1126/science.157.3792.1064
712:
553:Raymond Bourgine Award (2006)
470:German Cancer Research Center
357:German Cancer Research Center
236:German Cancer Research Center
222:. He carried out research on
175:German Cancer Research Center
16:German virologist (1936–2023)
4060:University of Hamburg alumni
1930:. German Society of Virology
1288:10.1126/science.322.5899.174
888:10.1016/0090-8258(81)90067-6
688:Corresponding member of the
659:National Academy of Sciences
657:International member of the
546:International member of the
104:, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
7:
4085:Infectious causes of cancer
3534:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1610:. Cancer Research Institute
620:Mike Price Gold Medal Award
606:Ernst Wertheim Prize (2012)
485:Zur Hausen, Harald (2006).
432:Zur Hausen shared the 2008
226:and discovered the role of
10:
4106:
4030:German medical researchers
1636:. Warren Alpert Foundation
683:German Society of Virology
318:University of Pennsylvania
280:from 1958, and received a
18:
4055:University of Bonn alumni
4015:People from Gelsenkirchen
3607:
3272:
2933:
2731:Charles Scott Sherrington
2707:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
2669:
2448:
2334:
2315:
2284:
2253:
2234:
2210:
2179:
1859:SPHINX Yearbook 2010-2011
610:Science of Oncology Award
603:Tsungming-Tu Prize (2011)
512:
310:Werner and Gertrude Henle
295:
183:
170:
160:
153:
124:
109:
90:
61:
49:
42:
3721:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2300:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
1604:"William B. Coley Award"
1383:(in German). 29 May 2023
1139:(in German). 28 May 2023
478:
442:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
422:Merkel cell polyomavirus
250:Early life and education
178:University of Heidelberg
2011:science-connections.com
936:10.1073/pnas.80.12.3812
747:science-connections.com
681:Honorary Member of the
489:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
455:, a company that earns
444:, for his discovery of
434:Nobel Prize in Medicine
254:Zur Hausen was born in
4035:German Nobel laureates
2502:Santiago Ramón y Cajal
2340:Nobel Prize recipients
2286:Physiology or Medicine
1736:"All Award Recipients"
664:Foreign Member of the
557:William B. Coley Award
376:University of Konstanz
330:University of Freiburg
322:University of Würzburg
3003:Dickinson W. Richards
2687:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
2277:(United States/Japan)
2191:(Japan/United States)
2136:(in German) DKFZ 2008
535:Charles S. Mott Prize
446:human papilloma virus
369:Heidelberg University
203:German pronunciation:
3426:Rita Levi-Montalcini
2787:Albert Szent-Györgyi
1813:search.amphilsoc.org
1809:"APS Member History"
1558:search.amphilsoc.org
1554:"APS Member History"
1429:Robert-Koch-Stiftung
406:human papillomavirus
347:tumours by means of
138:Prince Mahidol Award
80:Gau Westphalia-North
3818:William C. Campbell
3729:Elizabeth Blackburn
3566:Robert F. Furchgott
3558:Stanley B. Prusiner
3550:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
3450:George H. Hitchings
3414:Joseph L. Goldstein
3374:Bengt I. Samuelsson
3203:Earl Sutherland Jr.
2007:"Harald zur Hausen"
1834:"Harald zur Hausen"
1682:"Harald zur Hausen"
1344:Heflik, Katharina.
1093:on 25 December 2008
927:1983PNAS...80.3812D
802:(3792): 1064–1065.
4025:German virologists
4020:Cancer researchers
3878:William Kaelin Jr.
3874:Peter J. Ratcliffe
3617:Leland H. Hartwell
3506:Richard J. Roberts
3386:Barbara McClintock
3330:Godfrey Hounsfield
3231:Nikolaas Tinbergen
3163:Marshall Nirenberg
3131:Charles B. Huggins
2920:Tadeusz Reichstein
2908:António Egas Moniz
2703:Christiaan Eijkman
2225:J. M. G. Le Clézio
2125:on Nobelprize.org
2105:Harald zur Hausen
2102:has a profile for
1928:"Honorary members"
1608:cancerresearch.org
882:(2 Pt 2): S124–8.
740:"Curriculum vitae"
314:Epstein–Barr virus
282:Doctor of Medicine
56:zur Hausen in 2010
3947:
3946:
3912:Ardem Patapoutian
3761:Ralph M. Steinman
3757:Jules A. Hoffmann
3745:Robert G. Edwards
3713:Harald zur Hausen
3637:H. Robert Horvitz
3538:Eric F. Wieschaus
3474:E. Donnall Thomas
3458:J. Michael Bishop
3446:Gertrude B. Elion
3318:Hamilton O. Smith
3243:Christian de Duve
2979:Frederick Robbins
2856:Alexander Fleming
2795:Corneille Heymans
2641:Frederick Banting
2546:Allvar Gullstrand
2404:
2403:
2317:Economic Sciences
2294:Harald zur Hausen
2269:Toshihide Maskawa
2123:Harald zur Hausen
2108:
2038:978-1-4422-1522-1
1838:www.nasonline.org
1630:"2007 Recipients"
1487:(10): 1692–1696.
1281:(5899): 174–175.
1177:10.1002/ijc.10499
921:(12): 3812–3815.
638:Academia Europaea
519:Robert Koch Prize
396:Scientific merits
386:German Cancer Aid
228:papilloma viruses
190:Harald zur Hausen
187:
186:
155:Scientific career
44:Harald zur Hausen
4097:
3940:
3925:
3914:
3899:
3893:Michael Houghton
3880:
3870:Gregg L. Semenza
3864:
3858:James P. Allison
3852:
3850:Michael W. Young
3836:
3834:Yoshinori Ohsumi
3828:
3812:
3796:
3794:Thomas C. Südhof
3780:
3768:
3747:
3739:
3733:Carol W. Greider
3723:
3707:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3627:
3600:
3584:
3576:
3560:
3552:
3546:Peter C. Doherty
3540:
3524:
3518:Alfred G. Gilman
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3462:Harold E. Varmus
3452:
3436:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3388:
3380:
3364:
3348:
3338:Baruj Benacerraf
3332:
3320:
3304:
3288:
3265:
3249:
3233:
3217:
3205:
3197:
3181:
3165:
3155:Robert W. Holley
3149:
3133:
3121:
3105:
3093:
3077:
3061:
3059:Georg von Békésy
3053:
3041:
3029:
3027:Joshua Lederberg
3013:
3005:
2999:Werner Forssmann
2989:
2981:
2965:
2953:
2945:
2926:
2910:
2898:
2890:
2888:Bernardo Houssay
2874:
2866:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2769:
2761:
2745:
2737:
2725:
2717:
2715:Karl Landsteiner
2709:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2679:Johannes Fibiger
2662:
2661:
2655:
2653:Willem Einthoven
2647:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2518:Élie Metchnikoff
2512:
2510:Alphonse Laveran
2504:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2342:
2263:Makoto Kobayashi
2244:Martti Ahtisaari
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2081:
2050:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1532:uni-frankfurt.de
1529:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1496:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1235:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1179:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1126:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1056:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1000:
974:
965:
959:
958:
948:
938:
906:
900:
899:
871:
862:
861:
859:
857:
839:
828:
827:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
775:on 4 August 2009
771:. Archived from
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
744:
736:
704:Honorary degrees
650:Honorary Member
508:
217:
216:
215:
209:
204:
132:Ernst Jung Prize
97:
71:
69:
54:
40:
39:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4094:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3928:
3917:
3902:
3897:Charles M. Rice
3889:Harvey J. Alter
3883:
3867:
3855:
3846:Michael Rosbash
3842:Jeffrey C. Hall
3839:
3831:
3815:
3806:May-Britt Moser
3799:
3783:
3778:Shinya Yamanaka
3771:
3750:
3742:
3737:Jack W. Szostak
3726:
3710:
3705:Oliver Smithies
3694:
3682:
3670:
3658:
3653:Peter Mansfield
3646:
3641:John E. Sulston
3630:
3614:
3603:
3587:
3579:
3563:
3555:
3543:
3530:Edward B. Lewis
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3439:
3434:Susumu Tonegawa
3431:
3419:
3407:
3391:
3383:
3367:
3351:
3335:
3323:
3307:
3294:Roger Guillemin
3291:
3286:Daniel Gajdusek
3282:Baruch Blumberg
3279:
3268:
3259:Renato Dulbecco
3255:David Baltimore
3252:
3236:
3223:Karl von Frisch
3220:
3208:
3200:
3184:
3168:
3152:
3143:Haldan Hartline
3136:
3124:
3108:
3096:
3080:
3075:Maurice Wilkins
3064:
3056:
3044:
3039:Arthur Kornberg
3032:
3016:
3008:
2992:
2984:
2968:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2929:
2913:
2901:
2893:
2877:
2869:
2853:
2844:Joseph Erlanger
2841:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2772:
2764:
2748:
2740:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2700:
2695:Charles Nicolle
2692:
2684:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2538:Albrecht Kossel
2535:
2527:
2515:
2507:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2444:
2435:
2405:
2400:
2338:
2330:
2327:(United States)
2311:
2280:
2249:
2230:
2206:
2203:(United States)
2197:(United States)
2189:Osamu Shimomura
2175:
2168:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2070:
2039:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2002:
2000:Further reading
1997:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1788:www.ae-info.org
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1688:on 24 July 2008
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1323:The Nobel Prize
1317:
1316:
1312:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1250:on 14 June 2013
1244:Science Insider
1236:
1227:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1011:
1009:
972:
966:
962:
907:
903:
872:
865:
855:
853:
840:
831:
792:
788:
778:
776:
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
742:
738:
737:
720:
715:
706:
633:
515:
497:
481:
466:
430:
410:cervical cancer
398:
345:cervical cancer
298:
276:from 1957, and
252:
224:cervical cancer
211:
210:
202:
149:
119:cervical cancer
113:Discovery that
105:
99:
95:
86:
73:
67:
65:
57:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:Papillomavirus
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3934:Katalin Karikó
3926:
3915:
3900:
3881:
3865:
3853:
3837:
3829:
3813:
3797:
3790:Randy Schekman
3781:
3769:
3748:
3740:
3724:
3717:Luc Montagnier
3708:
3697:Mario Capecchi
3692:
3680:
3673:Barry Marshall
3668:
3656:
3649:Paul Lauterbur
3644:
3633:Sydney Brenner
3628:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3594:Paul Greengard
3590:Arvid Carlsson
3585:
3577:
3561:
3553:
3541:
3525:
3522:Martin Rodbell
3513:
3501:
3498:Edwin G. Krebs
3494:Edmond Fischer
3489:
3477:
3465:
3453:
3442:James W. Black
3437:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3402:César Milstein
3398:Georges Köhler
3389:
3381:
3370:Sune Bergström
3365:
3362:Torsten Wiesel
3358:David H. Hubel
3349:
3333:
3321:
3314:Daniel Nathans
3305:
3298:Andrew Schally
3289:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3250:
3234:
3218:
3211:Gerald Edelman
3206:
3198:
3195:Julius Axelrod
3182:
3179:Salvador Luria
3175:Alfred Hershey
3166:
3150:
3134:
3122:
3111:François Jacob
3106:
3094:
3078:
3062:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3014:
3006:
2995:André Cournand
2990:
2982:
2966:
2954:
2951:Selman Waksman
2946:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2916:Edward Kendall
2911:
2899:
2891:
2875:
2872:Hermann Muller
2867:
2851:
2848:Herbert Gasser
2839:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2803:Gerhard Domagk
2798:
2790:
2782:
2770:
2762:
2759:William Murphy
2751:George Whipple
2746:
2738:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2636:
2629:Archibald Hill
2624:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2562:Charles Richet
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2513:
2505:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2306:Luc Montagnier
2303:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2275:Yoichiro Nambu
2272:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2201:Roger Y. Tsien
2198:
2195:Martin Chalfie
2192:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2120:
2098:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:External links
2084:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2051:
2037:
2024:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1967:
1941:
1919:
1890:
1864:
1850:
1825:
1800:
1775:
1749:
1727:
1699:
1673:
1647:
1621:
1595:
1570:
1545:
1516:
1467:
1441:
1416:
1394:
1365:
1336:
1310:
1261:
1225:
1199:
1150:
1104:
1078:
1046:
1019:
960:
901:
863:
829:
786:
760:
717:
716:
714:
711:
705:
702:
701:
700:
695:Fellow of the
693:
686:
679:
674:Fellow of the
672:
669:
662:
655:
648:
643:Member of the
641:
636:Member of the
632:
629:
628:
627:
617:
607:
604:
601:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
567:
564:
554:
551:
544:
538:
532:
522:
514:
511:
510:
509:
495:
480:
477:
465:
462:
438:Luc Montagnier
429:
426:
397:
394:
297:
294:
251:
248:
185:
184:
181:
180:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
151:
150:
148:
147:
141:
135:
128:
126:
122:
121:
111:
110:Known for
107:
106:
100:
98:(aged 87)
92:
88:
87:
74:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4102:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3939:
3938:Drew Weissman
3935:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3822:Satoshi Ōmura
3819:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3786:James Rothman
3782:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3753:Bruce Beutler
3749:
3746:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3665:Linda B. Buck
3662:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3582:Günter Blobel
3578:
3575:
3571:
3570:Louis Ignarro
3567:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3510:Phillip Sharp
3507:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3470:Joseph Murray
3466:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:Stanley Cohen
3418:
3415:
3411:
3410:Michael Brown
3406:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3326:Allan Cormack
3322:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3302:Rosalyn Yalow
3299:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3247:George Palade
3244:
3240:
3239:Albert Claude
3235:
3232:
3228:
3227:Konrad Lorenz
3224:
3219:
3216:
3215:Rodney Porter
3212:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:Ulf von Euler
3188:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3139:Ragnar Granit
3135:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3119:Jacques Monod
3116:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3091:Andrew Huxley
3088:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3067:Francis Crick
3063:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3051:Peter Medawar
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:George Beadle
3015:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2987:Hugo Theorell
2983:
2980:
2976:
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3923:Svante Pääbo
3908:David Julius
3862:Tasuku Honjo
3810:Edvard Moser
3802:John O'Keefe
3765:posthumously
3764:
3712:
3701:Martin Evans
3677:Robin Warren
3661:Richard Axel
3608:2001–present
3486:Bert Sakmann
3354:Roger Sperry
3346:George Snell
3342:Jean Dausset
3310:Werner Arber
3263:Howard Temin
3187:Bernard Katz
3171:Max Delbrück
3127:Francis Rous
3103:Feodor Lynen
3099:Konrad Bloch
3087:Alan Hodgkin
3071:James Watson
3047:Frank Burnet
3035:Severo Ochoa
3023:Edward Tatum
3011:Daniel Bovet
2924:Philip Hench
2836:Edward Doisy
2767:Hans Spemann
2755:George Minot
2735:Edgar Adrian
2723:Otto Warburg
2645:John Macleod
2614:August Krogh
2606:Jules Bordet
2522:Paul Ehrlich
2474:Niels Finsen
2458:Emil Behring
2370:
2325:Paul Krugman
2293:
2104:
2055:
2028:
2015:. Retrieved
2010:
1985:. Retrieved
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1686:the original
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1248:the original
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1167:
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1091:the original
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171:Institutions
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96:(2023-05-29)
37:
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28:
3965:2023 deaths
3960:1936 births
3774:John Gurdon
3689:Craig Mello
3685:Andrew Fire
3598:Eric Kandel
3574:Ferid Murad
3482:Erwin Neher
3394:Niels Jerne
3159:Har Khorana
3147:George Wald
3115:André Lwoff
3083:John Eccles
2971:John Enders
2943:Max Theiler
2904:Walter Hess
2896:Paul Müller
2860:Ernst Chain
2530:Emil Kocher
2490:Robert Koch
2482:Ivan Pavlov
2466:Ronald Ross
2172:Nobel Prize
2013:(in German)
1956:. June 2015
1716:(in German)
1405:(in German)
1354:(in German)
1035:. June 2023
852:(in German)
692:(June 2015)
631:Memberships
453:AstraZeneca
428:Nobel Prize
414:HPV vaccine
402:oncoviruses
363:, DKFZ) in
272:from 1955,
242:, DKFZ) in
94:29 May 2023
21:German name
3954:Categories
3625:Paul Nurse
2959:Hans Krebs
2884:Gerty Cori
2832:Henrik Dam
2779:Otto Loewi
2775:Henry Dale
2212:Literature
2078:1276804549
1960:17 October
1934:17 October
1912:17 October
1883:17 October
1843:3 December
1768:17 October
1742:17 October
1666:17 October
1640:17 October
1614:17 October
1588:17 October
1563:3 December
1538:17 October
1460:17 October
1434:17 October
1329:1 February
1137:Leopoldina
1097:8 February
1012:17 October
713:References
561:Ian Frazer
365:Heidelberg
278:Düsseldorf
244:Heidelberg
220:virologist
117:can cause
102:Heidelberg
68:1936-03-11
29:zur Hausen
3826:Tu Youyou
3378:John Vane
3273:1976–2000
2934:1951–1975
2880:Carl Cori
2670:1926–1950
2449:1901–1925
2438:Laureates
2296:(Germany)
2246:(Finland)
2181:Chemistry
2174:laureates
2047:834582359
1305:206582472
1217:6 October
1194:221775223
1186:0020-7136
612:from the
527:from the
505:160074602
3621:Tim Hunt
2308:(France)
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2227:(France)
2107:(Q75847)
1903:aacr.org
1818:5 August
1793:5 August
1762:eacr.org
1660:aacr.org
1511:71987233
1425:"Awards"
1351:Die Zeit
1297:18845715
1170:(1): 1.
824:30764560
563:) (2006)
165:Virology
19:In this
2440:of the
2271:(Japan)
2265:(Japan)
2255:Physics
2100:Scholia
1954:Sazu.si
1503:3030526
1454:aad.org
1409:12 July
1275:Science
1254:27 July
1007:6329740
955:6304740
923:Bibcode
896:6273261
816:6036237
796:Science
286:Wimbern
274:Hamburg
84:Germany
25:surname
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1987:1 June
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1481:Cancer
1387:29 May
1358:29 May
1325:. 2008
1303:
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822:
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779:27 May
753:1 June
749:. 2007
699:(2017)
685:(2013)
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661:(2009)
654:(2008)
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640:(1990)
626:(2014)
616:(2014)
600:(2009)
593:(2008)
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581:(2008)
575:(2007)
550:(1998)
543:(1994)
537:(1986)
531:(1985)
521:(1975)
513:Awards
503:
493:
457:patent
390:Europe
296:Career
266:Vechta
261:Abitur
161:Fields
146:(2008)
140:(2005)
134:(1996)
125:Awards
33:Hausen
31:, not
23:, the
2371:2008
2236:Peace
2170:2008
1582:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
1507:S2CID
1301:S2CID
1190:S2CID
1133:(PDF)
973:(PDF)
820:S2CID
743:(PDF)
622:from
479:Books
436:with
3930:2023
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2033:ISBN
2019:2023
1989:2023
1981:DKFZ
1962:2016
1936:2022
1914:2022
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1877:WHBA
1845:2021
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1182:ISSN
1145:2023
1099:2009
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1065:DKFZ
1041:2023
1014:2016
1003:PMID
951:PMID
915:PNAS
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812:PMID
781:2016
755:2023
501:OCLC
491:ISBN
440:and
290:Isny
270:Bonn
196:EASA
91:Died
62:Born
1489:doi
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1172:doi
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993:PMC
985:doi
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199:APS
193:NAS
115:HPV
27:is
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