2418:, short sequences which are often found in signaling proteins. E6's structural motif allows for interaction with PDZ domains on DLG (discs large) and hDLG (Drosophila large) tumor suppressor genes. Binding at these locations causes transformation of the DLG protein and disruption of its suppressor function. E6 proteins also interact with the MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase family) proteins. These proteins, including MAGI-1, MAGI-2, and MAGI-3 are usually structural proteins, and can help with signaling. More significantly, they are believed to be involved with DLG's suppression activity. When E6 complexes with the PDZ domains on the MAGI proteins, it distorts their shape and thereby impedes their function. Overall, the E6 protein serves to impede normal protein activity in such a way as to allow a cell to grow and multiply at the increased rate characteristic of cancer.
2211:
isoform RNAs, E6*I, serves as an E7 mRNA to translate E7 oncoprotein. In contrast, an intron in the E6 ORF that remains intact without splicing is necessary for translation of E6 oncoprotein. However, viral early transcription subjects to viral E2 regulation and high E2 levels repress the transcription. HPV genomes integrate into host genome by disruption of E2 ORF, preventing E2 repression on E6 and E7. Thus, viral genome integration into host DNA genome increases E6 and E7 expression to promote cellular proliferation and the chance of malignancy.
981:, in which keratinocytes gradually become specialized, eventually forming a hard, crosslinked surface that prevents moisture loss and acts as a barrier against pathogens. Less-differentiated keratinocyte stem cells, replenished on the surface layer, are thought to be the initial target of productive papillomavirus infections. Subsequent steps in the viral life cycle are strictly dependent on the process of keratinocyte differentiation. As a result, papillomaviruses can only replicate in body surface tissues.
900:
60:
2188:
2141:
laboratory studies. As soon as researchers discovered that these viruses cause cancer, they worked together to find a vaccine to it. Currently, the most effective way to go about it is to mimic a virus that is composed of L1 protein but lack the DNA. Basically, our immune system builds defenses against infections, but if these infections do not cause disease they can be used as a vaccine. PDB entry 6bt3 shows how antibodies surfaces attack the surface of the virus to disable it.
650:
754:
42:
2541:
2527:
2411:, a protein that allows cells to divide an unlimited number of times. When NFX1-91 is degraded by E6, telomerase levels increase, inactivating a major mechanism keeping cell growth in check. Additionally, E6 can act as a transcriptional cofactor—specifically, a transcription activator—when interacting with the cellular transcription factor, E2F1/DP1.
838:
The evolution of papillomaviruses is thought to be slow compared to many other virus types, but there are no experimental measurements currently available. This is probably because the papillomavirus genome is composed of genetically stable double-stranded DNA that is replicated with high fidelity by
744:
Over 170 human papillomavirus types have been completely sequenced. They have been divided into 5 genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, Gammapapillomavirus, Mupapillomavirus and
Nupapillomavirus. At least 200 additional viruses have been identified that await sequencing and classification.
2214:
A major viral late promoter in viral early region becomes active only in differentiated cells and its activity can be highly enhanced by viral DNA replication. The late transcript is also a polycistronic RNA which contains two introns and three exons. Alternative RNA Splicing of this late transcript
2140:
to grow the viruses. Because infectious BPV-1 virions can be extracted from the large warts the virus induces on cattle, it has been a workhorse model papillomavirus type for many years. CRPV, rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV) and canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) have also been used extensively for
994:
Papillomaviruses gain access to keratinocyte stem cells through small wounds, known as microtraumas, in the skin or mucosal surface. Interactions between L1 and sulfated sugars on the cell surface promote initial attachment of the virus. The virus is then able to get inside from the cell surface via
2312:
Although E4 proteins are expressed at low levels during the early phase of viral infection, expression of E4 increases dramatically during the late phase of infection. In other words, its "E" appellation may be something of a misnomer. In the case of HPV-1, E4 can account for up to 30% of the total
2197:
The papillomavirus genome is divided into an early region (E), encoding six open reading frames (ORF) (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) that are expressed immediately after initial infection of a host cell, and a late region (L) encoding a major capsid protein L1 and a minor capsid protein L2. All viral
2178:
Human papillomavirus binds to heparin molecules on the surface of the cells that it infects. Studies have shown that the crystal of isolated L1 capsomeres has the heparin chains recognized by lysines lines grooves on the surface of the virus. Also those with the antibodies show that they can block
1055:
mechanisms (activated by the E7 protein) to produce progeny viral genomes. Papillomavirus genomes are sometimes integrated into the host genome, especially noticeable with oncogenic HPVs, but is not a normal part of the virus life cycle and a dead-end that eliminates the potential of viral progeny
721:
and unite PV types that are genomically distinct without exhibiting known biological differences. This new taxonomic system does not affect the traditional identification and characterization of PV "types" and their independent isolates with minor genomic differences, referred to as "subtypes" and
2210:
After the host cell is infected, HPV16 early promoter is activated and a polycistronic primary RNA containing all six early ORFs is transcribed. This polycistronic RNA contains three exons and two introns and undergoes active RNA splicing to generate multiple isoforms of mRNAs. One of the spliced
2126:
and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation in patients with neurogenic bladder has also been noted. There are cancer causing papillomavirus genome that encodes two small proteins called E6 and E7 that mimic cancer causing oncogenes. The way they work is that they stimulate unnatural
2109:
Although some papillomavirus types can cause cancer in the epithelial tissues they inhabit, cancer is not a typical outcome of infection. The development of papillomavirus-induced cancers typically occurs over the course of many years. Papillomaviruses have been associated with the development of
1059:
The expression of the viral late genes, L1 and L2, is exclusively restricted to differentiating keratinocytes in the outermost layers of the skin or mucosal surface. The increased expression of L1 and L2 is typically correlated with a dramatic increase in the number of copies of the viral genome.
842:
It is believed that papillomaviruses generally co-evolve with a particular species of host animal over many years, although there are strong evidences against the hypothesis of coevolution. In a particularly speedy example, HPV-16 has evolved slightly as human populations have expanded across the
765:
to amplify any papillomavirus DNA that might be present. Although a wide variety of papillomavirus sequences were identified in the study, the authors found little evidence for inter-species transmission. One zookeeper was found to be transiently positive for a chimpanzee-specific papillomavirus
949:
The papillomavirus capsid also contains a viral protein known as L2, which is less abundant. Although not clear how L2 is arranged within the virion, it is known to perform several important functions, including facilitating the packaging of the viral genome into nascent virions as well as the
2481:
are the basis of prophylactic vaccines against several HPV types. Compared to other papillomavirus genes, the amino acid sequences of most portions of L1 are well-conserved between types. However, the surface loops of L1 can differ substantially, even for different members of a particular
2366:
829:
Four papillomaviruses are known to infect birds: Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus 1, Francolinus leucoscepus papillomavirus 1, Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and
Pygoscelis adeliae papillomavirus 1. All these species have a gene (E9) of unknown function, suggesting a common origin.
2174:
carrying reporter genes has been developed. Although pseudoviruses are not suitable for studying certain aspects of the viral life cycle, initial studies suggest that their structure and initial infectious entry into cells is probably similar in many ways to authentic papillomaviruses.
843:
globe and now varies in different geographic regions in a way that probably reflects the history of human migration. Cutaneotropic HPV types are occasionally exchanged between family members during the entire lifetime, but other donors should also be considered in viral transmission.
2494:
bond. In addition to cooperating with L1 to package the viral DNA into the virion, L2 has been shown to interact with a number of cellular proteins during the infectious entry process. After the initial binding of the virion to the cell, L2 must be cleaved by the cellular protease
2162:
The development of a yeast-based system that allows stable episomal HPV replication provides a convenient, rapid and inexpensive means to study several aspects of the HPV lifecycle (Angeletti 2002). For example, E2-dependent transcription, genome amplification and efficient
2296:. Genetic changes, such as integration of the viral DNA into a host cell chromosome, that inactivate E2 expression tend to increase the expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes, resulting in cellular transformation and possibly further genetic destabilization.
2469:), the E8 open reading frame may substitute for the E6 open reading frame, which is absent in this papillomavirus genus. These E8 genes are chemically and functionally similar to the E5 genes from some human papillomaviruses, and are also called E5/E8.
692:
may also impact their diversification. Their basic genomic organization appears maintained for a period exceeding 100 million years, and these sequence comparisons have laid the foundation for a PV taxonomy, which is now officially recognized by the
3646:
Calleja-Macias IE, Villa LL, Prado JC, Kalantari M, Allan B, Williamson AL, Chung LP, Collins RJ, Zuna RE, Dunn ST, Chu TY, Cubie HA, Cuschieri K, von Knebel-Doeberitz M, Martins CR, Sanchez GI, Bosch FX, Munoz N, Bernard HU (November 2005).
2206:
of both DNA strands. This difference was a major factor in establishment of the consensus that papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses probably never shared a common ancestor, despite the striking similarities in the structures of their virions.
915:. A single viral protein, known as L1, is necessary and sufficient for formation of a 55–60 nanometer capsid composed of 72 star-shaped capsomers (see figure). Like most non-enveloped viruses, the capsid is geometrically regular and presents
2321:. Viral mutants incapable of expressing E4 do not support high-level replication of the viral DNA, but it is not yet clear how E4 facilitates DNA replication. E4 has also been shown to participate in arresting cells in the G2 phase of the
850:(also known as pygmy chimpanzees). It is not clear whether this similarity is due to recent transmission between species or because HPV-13 has simply changed very little in the six or so million years since humans and bonobos diverged.
2449:. Like E6, E7 is the subject of intense research interest and is believed to exert a wide variety of other effects on infected cells. As with E6, the ongoing expression of E7 is required for survival of cancer cell lines, such as
5705:
de
Villiers, E.M., Bernard, H.U., Broker, T., Delius, H. and zur Hausen, H. Index of Viruses – Papillomaviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB – The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York,
2148:. More recently, some groups have succeeded in isolating infectious HPV-16 from human cervical lesions. However, isolation of infectious virions using this technique is arduous and the yield of infectious virus is very low.
2135:
The fact that the papillomavirus life cycle strictly requires keratinocyte differentiation has posed a substantial barrier to the study of papillomaviruses in the laboratory, since it has precluded the use of conventional
2499:. The virion is internalized, probably through a clathrin-mediated process, into an endosome, where acidic conditions are thought to lead to exposure of membrane-destabilizing portions of L2. The cellular proteins beta-
3781:
Murahwa AT, Nindo F, Onywera H, Meiring TL, Martin DP, Williamson AL (2019) Evolutionary dynamics of ten novel Gamma-PVs: insights from phylogenetic incongruence, recombination and phylodynamic analyses. BMC Genomics
2279:
domain linked by a relatively unstructured hinge region to a well-characterized DNA binding domain. E2 facilitates the binding of E1 to the viral origin of replication. E2 also utilizes a cellular protein known as
729:
This classification may need revision in the light of the existence of papilloma–polyoma virus recombinants. Additional species have also been described. Sparus aurata papillomavirus 1 has been isolated from fish.
796:) can be transiently infected with CRPV in a laboratory setting. However, since European domestic rabbits do not produce infectious progeny virus, they are considered an incidental or "dead-end" host for CRPV.
803:(BPV) type 1. In its natural host (cattle), BPV-1 induces large fibrous skin warts. BPV-1 infection of horses, which are an incidental host for the virus, can lead to the development of benign tumors known as
570:
whose members are known as papillomaviruses. Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, but also other
3737:
Van Ranst M, Fuse A, Fiten P, Beuken E, Pfister H, Burk RD, Opdenakker G (October 1992). "Human papillomavirus type 13 and pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus type 1: comparison of the genome organizations".
766:
sequence. However, the authors note that the chimpanzee-specific papillomavirus sequence could have been the result of surface contamination of the zookeeper's skin, as opposed to productive infection.
2477:
L1 spontaneously self-assembles into pentameric capsomers. Purified capsomers can go on to form capsids, which are stabilized by disulfide bonds between neighboring L1 molecules. L1 capsids assembled
2515:. Small portions of L2 are well-conserved between different papillomavirus types, and experimental vaccines targeting these conserved domains may offer protection against a broad range of HPV types.
661:
officially recognizes a smaller number, categorized into 53 genera, as of 2019. All papillomaviruses (PVs) have similar genomic organizations, and any pair of PVs contains at least five homologous
2507:-18 may also participate in L2-mediated entry events. After endosome escape, L2 and the viral genome are imported into the cell nucleus where they traffic to a sub-nuclear domain known as an
761:
Individual papillomavirus types tend to be highly adapted to replication in a single animal species. In one study, researchers swabbed the forehead skin of a variety of zoo animals and used
1048:
575:
such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish. Infection by most papillomavirus types, depending on the type, is either asymptomatic (e.g. most Beta-PVs) or causes small benign tumors, known as
4729:"The E7 oncoprotein is translated from spliced E6*I transcripts in high-risk human papillomavirus type 16- or type 18-positive cervical cancer cell lines via translation reinitiation"
2384:
E6 is of particular interest because it appears to have multiple roles in the cell and to interact with many other proteins. Its major role, however, is to mediate the degradation of
2333:
The E5 are small, very hydrophobic proteins that destabilise the function of many membrane proteins in the infected cell. The E5 protein of some animal papillomavirus types (mainly
1064:
are subject to relatively limited surveillance by cells of the immune system, it is thought that this restriction of viral late gene expression represents a form of immune evasion.
2155:
by exposing cultured keratinocytes to an air/liquid interface. The adaptation of such "raft culture" systems to the study of papillomaviruses was a significant breakthrough for
3851:"The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 11 recombinant virus-like particles interacts with heparin and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes"
4402:
Preti M, Rotondo JC, Holzinger D, Micheletti L, Gallio N, McKay-Chopin S, Carreira C, Privitera SS, Watanabe R, Ridder R, Pawlita M, Benedetto C, Tommasino M, Gheit T (2020).
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in chickens, went on to show that a papillomavirus could cause skin cancer in infected rabbits. This was the first demonstration that a virus could cause cancer in mammals.
490:
2573:
Van
Doorslaer, K; Chen, Z; Bernard, HU; Chan, PKS; DeSalle, R; Dillner, J; Forslund, O; Haga, T; McBride, AA; Villa, LL; Burk, RD; Ictv Report, Consortium (August 2018).
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525:
511:
483:
448:
413:
343:
3420:
Coggins LW, Ma JQ, Slater AA, Campo MS (June 1985). "Sequence homologies between bovine papillomavirus genomes mapped by a novel low-stringency heteroduplex method".
2288:
ensures faithful distribution of viral genomes to each daughter cell after cell division. It is thought that E2 serves as a negative regulator of expression for the
957:
The viral capsid consists of 72 capsomeres of which 12 are five-coordinated and 60 are six-coordinated capsomeres, arranged on a T = 7d icosahedral surface lattice.
518:
497:
385:
2709:
Drury SE, Gough RE, McArthur S, Jessop M (December 1998). "Detection of herpesvirus-like and papillomavirus-like particles associated with diseases of tortoises".
606:. All known papillomavirus types infect a particular body surface, typically the skin or mucosal epithelium of the genitals, anus, mouth, or airways. For example,
534:
504:
476:
434:
378:
364:
5323:
Jackson ME, Pennie WD, McCaffery RE, Smith KT, Grindlay GJ, Campo MS (1991). "The B subgroup bovine papillomaviruses lack an identifiable E6 open reading frame".
2304:
This small putative gene exists only in a few papillomavirus types. The gene is not known to be expressed as a protein and does not appear to serve any function.
371:
350:
301:
161:
4563:
Meyers C, Frattini MG, Hudson JB, Laimins LA (August 1992). "Biosynthesis of human papillomavirus from a continuous cell line upon epithelial differentiation".
469:
462:
455:
441:
427:
357:
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Other HPV types, such as HPV-13, vary relatively little in different human populations. In fact, the sequence of HPV-13 closely resembles a papillomavirus of
420:
406:
399:
392:
329:
287:
1015:
After successful infection of a keratinocyte, the virus expresses E1 and E2 proteins, which are for replicating and maintaining the viral DNA as a circular
4453:
Tolstov Y, Hadaschik B, Pahernik S, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S (January 2014). "Human papillomaviruses in urological malignancies: a critical assessment".
541:
3206:"Concurrence of Iridovirus, Polyomavirus, and a Unique Member of a New Group of Fish Papillomaviruses in Lymphocystis Disease-Affected Gilthead Sea Bream"
2482:
papillomavirus species. This probably reflects a mechanism for evasion of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by previous papillomavirus infections.
2421:
Since the expression of E6 is strictly required for maintenance of a malignant phenotype in HPV-induced cancers, it is an appealing target of therapeutic
8046:
2313:
protein at the surface of a wart. The E4 protein of many papillomavirus types is thought to facilitate virion release into the environment by disrupting
322:
308:
294:
280:
8520:
5685:
3596:"The genetic drift of human papillomavirus type 16 is a means of reconstructing prehistoric viral spread and the movement of ancient human populations"
5173:"The global transcriptional effects of the human papillomavirus E6 protein in cervical carcinoma cell lines are mediated by the E6AP ubiquitin ligase"
2445:
progression, thus priming the cell for replication of the viral DNA. E7 also participates in immortalization of infected cells by activating cellular
1071:. Papillomaviruses have evolved a mechanism for releasing virions into the environment. Other kinds of non-enveloped animal viruses utilize an active
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8619:
7814:
6093:
5715:
8916:
8584:
8527:
8499:
8471:
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7825:
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7016:
7009:
6100:
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6051:
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Willemsen A, Bravo IG (2019) Origin and evolution of papillomavirus (onco)genes and genomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 374(1773):20180303
5417:"Two highly conserved cysteine residues in HPV16 L2 form an intramolecular disulfide bond and are critical for infectivity in human keratinocytes"
3649:"Worldwide genomic diversity of the high-risk human papillomavirus types 31, 35, 52, and 58, four close relatives of human papillomavirus type 16"
583:(e.g. human papillomavirus 1, HPV6 or HPV11). Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of
10006:
9111:
8965:
8492:
8485:
7305:
6121:
6107:
6065:
826:. The lack of a tractable mouse model for papillomavirus infection has been a major limitation for laboratory investigation of papillomaviruses.
2144:
Some sexually transmitted HPV types have been propagated using a mouse "xenograft" system, in which HPV-infected human cells are implanted into
9574:
9203:
9154:
9104:
9083:
8534:
6044:
5742:
5146:
694:
658:
2223:
Genes within the papillomavirus genome are usually identified after similarity with other previously identified genes. However, some spurious
10019:
8923:
7996:
7989:
3354:
4960:"Mucosal human papillomaviruses encode four different E5 proteins whose chemistry and phylogeny correlate with malignant or benign growth"
5225:"Binding of high-risk human papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins to the human homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor protein"
2670:"Genomic characterization of two novel reptilian papillomaviruses, Chelonia mydas papillomavirus 1 and Caretta caretta papillomavirus 1"
4227:"Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mediates Intracellular Membrane Passage of Human Papillomavirus L2 Protein to Trigger Retrograde Trafficking"
5735:
2345:
receptors. The E5 proteins of human papillomaviruses associated to cancer, however, seem to activate the signal cascade initiated by
2127:
growth of cells and block their natural defenses. Also they act on many signaling proteins that control proliferation and apoptosis.
863:
There are five main genera infecting humans (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Mu and Nu). The most recent common ancestor of these genera evolved
2490:
L2 exists in an oxidized state within the papillomavirus virion, with the two conserved cysteine residues forming an intramolecular
2159:
study of the viral life cycle. However, raft culture systems are relatively cumbersome and the yield of infectious HPVs can be low.
9980:
4379:
Gogilashvili K, Shonia N, Burkadze G (December 2012). "The role of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma (review)".
2508:
3128:
Bravo IG, de Sanjosé Llongueras S, Gottschling M (2010). "The clinical importance of knowledge about papillomavirus evolution".
5121:
5709:
5623:
Pastrana DV, Gambhira R, Buck CB, Pang YY, Thompson CD, Culp TD, Christensen ND, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Roden RB (July 2005).
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2231:
simply after their position in the genome, and might not be true genes. This applies specially to certain E3, E4, E5 and E8
5028:"The human papillomavirus type 11 and 16 E6 proteins modulate the cell-cycle regulator and transcription cofactor TRIP-Br1"
3594:
Ho L, Chan SY, Burk RD, Das BC, Fujinaga K, Icenogle JP, Kahn T, Kiviat N, Lancaster W, Mavromara-Nazos P (November 1993).
1075:
process to kill the host cell, allowing release of progeny virus particles. Often this lytic process is associated with
680:
Phylogenetic studies strongly suggest that PVs normally evolve together with their mammalian and bird host species, but
9865:
9829:
9567:
4116:"A membrane-destabilizing peptide in capsid protein L2 is required for egress of papillomavirus genomes from endosomes"
950:
infectious entry of the virus into new host cells. L2 is of interest as a possible target for more broadly protective
9839:
9640:
3506:"A novel papillomavirus in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) faeces sampled at the Cape Crozier colony, Antarctica"
2787:
Muñoz N, Castellsagué X, de González AB, Gissmann L (August 2006). "Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer".
619:
3306:"Healthy skin of many animal species harbors papillomaviruses which are closely related to their human counterparts"
2198:
ORFs are encoded on one DNA strand (see figure). This represents a dramatic difference between papillomaviruses and
10032:
10024:
9844:
2350:
995:
interaction with a specific receptor, likely via the alpha-6 beta-4 integrin, and transported to membrane-enclosed
973:, such as the inside of the cheek or the walls of the vagina. These surface tissues, which are known as stratified
4512:
Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Christensen ND, Hafenstein S (6 December 2017).
9683:
5696:
5026:
Gupta S, Takhar PP, Degenkolbe R, Koh CH, Zimmermann H, Yang CM, Guan Sim K, Hsu SI, Bernard HU (December 2003).
3504:
Varsani A, Kraberger S, Jennings S, Porzig EL, Julian L, Massaro M, Pollard A, Ballard G, Ainley DG (June 2014).
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below the level of "species". Additionally, phylogenetic groupings at higher taxonomic level have been proposed.
17:
5712:
In: ICTVdB – The
Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
610:(HPV) type 1 tends to infect the soles of the feet, and HPV type 2 the palms of the hands, where they may cause
9589:
5625:"Cross-neutralization of cutaneous and mucosal Papillomavirus types with anti-sera to the amino terminus of L2"
5476:"Cleavage of the papillomavirus minor capsid protein, L2, at a furin consensus site is necessary for infection"
4279:
3457:"Primary structure of the E6 protein of Micromys minutus papillomavirus and Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus"
2342:
739:
603:
9560:
5074:"Interactions of the PDZ-protein MAGI-1 with adenovirus E4-ORF1 and high-risk papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins"
4225:
Zhang, Pengwei; Monteiro Da Silva, Gabriel; Deatherage, Catherine; Burd, Christopher; Dimaio, Daniel (2018).
807:. The agricultural significance of BPV-1 spurred a successful effort to develop a vaccine against the virus.
59:
4778:"Construction of a full transcription map of human papillomavirus type 18 during productive viral infection"
1031:. Keratinocyte stem cells in the epithelial basement layer can maintain papillomavirus genomes for decades.
5368:"Identification of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 surface loops required for neutralization by human sera"
4114:
Kämper N, Day PM, Nowak T, Selinka HC, Florin L, Bolscher J, Hilbig L, Schiller JT, Sapp M (January 2006).
977:, are composed of stacked layers of flattened cells. The cell layers are formed through a process known as
4168:"Establishment of papillomavirus infection is enhanced by promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) expression"
2349:
upon ligand binding. HPV16 E5 and HPV2 E5 have also been shown to down-regulate the surface expression of
2215:
is essential for L1 and L2 expression and can be regulated by RNA cis-elements and host splicing factors.
598:, and are thought to rarely be transmitted between species. Papillomaviruses replicate exclusively in the
7535:
5684:
Los Alamos
National Laboratory maintains a comprehensive (albeit somewhat dated) papillomavirus sequence
3381:"Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) model system to test antiviral and immunotherapeutic strategies"
3255:"Analysis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of putative human papillomavirus types"
4330:
Do HT, Koriyama C, Khan NA, Higashi M, Kato T, Le NT, Matsushita S, Kanekura T, Akiba S (January 2013).
2820:"Cutaneous and mucosal human papillomaviruses differ in net surface charge, potential impact on tropism"
2255:
activity that forces apart the DNA strands, thus preparing the viral genome for replication by cellular
9945:
9279:
8784:
7858:
2171:
5688:. This useful database provides detailed descriptions and references for various papillomavirus types.
3849:
Joyce JG, Tung JS, Przysiecki CT, Cook JC, Lehman ED, Sands JA, Jansen KU, Keller PM (February 1999).
2668:
Herbst LH, Lenz J, Van
Doorslaer K, Chen Z, Stacy BA, Wellehan JF, Manire CA, Burk RD (January 2009).
10037:
4514:"High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Antibody V5 Conformational Epitope on Human Papillomavirus 16"
3002:"Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments"
2433:
In most papillomavirus types, the primary function of the E7 protein is to inactivate members of the
932:
762:
5150:
9678:
5758:
5576:"Interaction of tSNARE syntaxin 18 with the papillomavirus minor capsid protein mediates infection"
5535:"Interaction of L2 with beta-actin directs intracellular transport of papillomavirus and infection"
4874:
McBride AA, McPhillips MG, Oliveira JG (December 2004). "Brd4: tethering, segregation and beyond".
2268:
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1004:
978:
584:
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9611:
3990:"Expression of the alpha6 integrin confers papillomavirus binding upon receptor-negative B-cells"
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9907:
2554:
2434:
2354:
2314:
2248:
1028:
819:
336:
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Nishimura A, Nakahara T, Ueno T, Sasaki K, Yoshida S, Kyo S, Howley PM, Sakai H (April 2006).
4277:
Alison A. McBride (18 March 2017). "Mechanisms and strategies of papillomavirus replication".
625:
Papillomaviruses were first identified in the early 20th century, when it was shown that skin
10011:
9885:
5007:
3204:
López-Bueno A, Mavian C, Labella AM, Castro D, Borrego JJ, Alcami A, Alejo A (October 2016).
2512:
2462:
2389:
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800:
769:
689:
266:
196:
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The most recent common ancestor of this group of viruses has been estimated to have existed
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4179:
3805:
2284:-4 (Brd4) to tether the viral genome to cellular chromosomes. This tethering to the cell's
916:
607:
599:
238:
54:
4404:"Role of Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Etiology of Vulvar Cancer in Italian Women"
8:
9860:
8744:
6503:
5978:
974:
920:
666:
634:
231:
217:
189:
182:
168:
5702:
5676:
5491:
5432:
5240:
4576:
4183:
4031:"Analysis of the infectious entry pathway of human papillomavirus type 33 pseudovirions"
3809:
3553:
Gottschling M, Göker M, Stamatakis A, Bininda-Emonds OR, Nindl I, Bravo IG (July 2011).
2461:
Only a few papillomavirus types encode a short protein from the E8 gene. In the case of
2437:
family of tumor suppressor proteins. Together with E6, E7 serves to prevent cell death (
9767:
7062:
6697:
6683:
6275:
5600:
5575:
5510:
5475:
5451:
5416:
5392:
5367:
5348:
5197:
5172:
5098:
5073:
4975:
4935:
4926:
4910:
4851:
4826:
4802:
4777:
4753:
4728:
4701:
4676:
4540:
4513:
4430:
4403:
4356:
4331:
4251:
4226:
4140:
4115:
3826:
3793:
3673:
3664:
3648:
3535:
3321:
3230:
3205:
3026:
3001:
3000:
Bernard HU, Burk RD, Chen Z, van
Doorslaer K, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM (May 2010).
2933:
2908:
2846:
2819:
2764:
2738:"Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomaviruses"
2737:
2599:
2574:
2374:
2272:
2232:
2224:
1061:
1007:, allowing the viral genome to escape and traffic, along with L2, to the cell nucleus.
931:
that protect against initial HPV infection. As such, papillomaviridæ are stable in the
772:(CRPV) can cause protuberant warts in its native host, the North American rabbit genus
681:
674:
638:
224:
203:
175:
4984:
4959:
4827:"Control of the papillomavirus early-to-late switch by differentially expressed SRp20"
4202:
4167:
4088:
4071:
3965:
3940:
3916:
3891:
3620:
3595:
3481:
3456:
3330:
3305:
9954:
9890:
9688:
9219:
8178:
8053:
8032:
7925:
7581:
7239:
6881:
6444:
6037:
5964:
5646:
5605:
5591:
5574:
Bossis I, Roden RB, Gambhira R, Yang R, Tagaya M, Howley PM, Meneses PI (June 2005).
5556:
5515:
5456:
5397:
5383:
5340:
5305:
5264:
5259:
5224:
5202:
5103:
5049:
4989:
4940:
4891:
4856:
4807:
4758:
4706:
4629:
4588:
4545:
4470:
4435:
4384:
4361:
4304:
4296:
4256:
4207:
4145:
4093:
4052:
4011:
3970:
3921:
3872:
3831:
3755:
3751:
3719:
3678:
3625:
3611:
3576:
3539:
3527:
3486:
3437:
3433:
3402:
3335:
3286:
3235:
3186:
3145:
3105:
3077:
3031:
2938:
2889:
2851:
2800:
2769:
2718:
2691:
2650:
2604:
2400:
996:
822:. However, there are no papillomaviruses known to be capable of infecting laboratory
633:, could be transmitted between individuals by a filterable infectious agent. In 1935
315:
210:
5352:
5188:
5125:
4825:
Jia R, Liu X, Tao M, Kruhlak M, Guo M, Meyers C, Baker CC, Zheng ZM (January 2009).
4744:
3956:
3941:"Identification of the alpha6 integrin as a candidate receptor for papillomaviruses"
3907:
877:. The most recent ancestor of the gamma genus was estimated to have evolved between
9009:
8937:
8830:
8405:
8347:
8310:
8039:
7770:
7728:
7676:
7639:
7609:
7570:
7424:
7350:
7207:
6529:
6492:
6466:
6424:
6215:
6030:
5882:
5853:
5727:
5636:
5595:
5587:
5546:
5505:
5495:
5446:
5436:
5387:
5379:
5366:
Carter JJ, Wipf GC, Madeleine MM, Schwartz SM, Koutsky LA, Galloway DA (May 2006).
5332:
5295:
5254:
5244:
5192:
5184:
5093:
5085:
5039:
4979:
4971:
4930:
4922:
4883:
4846:
4838:
4797:
4789:
4748:
4740:
4696:
4688:
4652:
4619:
4580:
4535:
4525:
4462:
4425:
4415:
4351:
4343:
4312:
4288:
4246:
4238:
4197:
4187:
4135:
4127:
4083:
4042:
4001:
3960:
3952:
3911:
3903:
3862:
3821:
3813:
3747:
3709:
3668:
3660:
3615:
3607:
3566:
3517:
3476:
3468:
3429:
3392:
3325:
3317:
3276:
3266:
3225:
3217:
3176:
3137:
3067:
3021:
3013:
2928:
2920:
2881:
2841:
2831:
2792:
2759:
2749:
2681:
2640:
2594:
2586:
2399:
E6 has also been shown to target other cellular proteins, thereby altering several
2202:, since the latter virus type expresses its early and late genes by bi-directional
560:
273:
259:
252:
245:
4677:"Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation"
4656:
4466:
4332:"The etiologic role of human papillomavirus in penile cancers: a study in Vietnam"
4131:
2796:
9959:
9774:
9606:
9469:
9340:
9175:
9123:
9036:
8992:
8981:
8819:
8671:
8612:
8436:
8157:
8087:
7975:
7958:
7893:
7490:
7445:
7166:
6673:
6455:
6366:
6286:
6182:
5441:
5300:
5283:
5223:
Kiyono T, Hiraiwa A, Fujita M, Hayashi Y, Akiyama T, Ishibashi M (October 1997).
2532:
2276:
2256:
2111:
1003:. The capsid protein L2 disrupts the membrane of the endosome through a cationic
970:
120:
5641:
5624:
5044:
5027:
4624:
4607:
3181:
3164:
3017:
2686:
2669:
2645:
2628:
1079:, which might trigger immune attack against the virus. Papillomaviruses exploit
9930:
9784:
9621:
9512:
9490:
9458:
9423:
9329:
9294:
9230:
9073:
9062:
9025:
8867:
8751:
8641:
8570:
8560:
8321:
8113:
8076:
7982:
7777:
7361:
7334:
6981:
6970:
6874:
6839:
6832:
6818:
6811:
6760:
6732:
6662:
6651:
6616:
6400:
6203:
6072:
6009:
5943:
5921:
5843:
5692:
5480:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5229:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4420:
4242:
4172:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3397:
3380:
3054:
Gottschling M, Stamatakis A, Nindl I, Stockfleth E, Alonso Á, Bravo IG (2007).
2546:
2353:
class I proteins, which may prevent the infected cell from being eliminated by
2285:
899:
811:
804:
703:
564:
5666:
4887:
3141:
2885:
2736:
Lange CE, Favrot C, Ackermann M, Gull J, Vetsch E, Tobler K (September 2011).
10054:
9799:
9779:
9673:
9631:
9626:
9480:
9375:
9361:
9189:
9182:
9161:
9002:
8951:
8944:
8808:
8704:
8682:
8655:
8631:
8591:
8548:
8513:
8506:
8478:
8464:
8457:
8358:
8294:
8265:
8244:
8223:
8212:
8192:
8124:
7946:
7915:
7904:
7882:
7749:
7616:
7602:
7592:
7559:
7483:
7435:
7378:
7371:
7218:
7118:
6992:
6906:
6888:
6867:
6853:
6753:
6690:
6640:
6562:
6540:
6513:
6476:
6378:
6345:
6193:
6171:
5971:
5954:
5932:
5910:
5832:
5821:
5249:
4300:
3472:
3095:
2924:
2293:
2187:
2164:
2123:
2115:
1039:
The current understanding is that viral DNA replication likely occurs in the
912:
709:
108:
5500:
5147:"Biochemistry, Nottingham University – 3.0 Enzymes of the Ubiquitin Pathway"
4584:
4192:
3696:
Gottschling M, Göker M, Köhler A, Lehmann MD, Stockfleth E, Nindl I (2009).
3571:
3554:
3072:
3055:
2836:
2754:
2627:
de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H (June 2004).
1023:
E6 and E7 promote cell growth by inactivating the tumor suppressor proteins
938:
The papillomavirus genome is a double-stranded circular DNA molecule ~8,000
9794:
9668:
9663:
9502:
9447:
9382:
9351:
9318:
9168:
9140:
8958:
8930:
8909:
8895:
8888:
8878:
8714:
8648:
8577:
8425:
8395:
8384:
8331:
8287:
8277:
8258:
8234:
8185:
8097:
8010:
7968:
7807:
7739:
7717:
7697:
7687:
7497:
7413:
7324:
7295:
7283:
7273:
7261:
7251:
7229:
7187:
7177:
7150:
7129:
7107:
7083:
7073:
7051:
6948:
6899:
6860:
6846:
6825:
6594:
6572:
6550:
6417:
6319:
6307:
6264:
6253:
6160:
6149:
6114:
6020:
5872:
5650:
5609:
5560:
5551:
5534:
5519:
5460:
5401:
5309:
5206:
5107:
5089:
5053:
4993:
4895:
4860:
4811:
4762:
4710:
4633:
4549:
4474:
4439:
4388:
4365:
4308:
4260:
4211:
4149:
4097:
4056:
4047:
4030:
4015:
4006:
3989:
3925:
3876:
3867:
3850:
3723:
3682:
3580:
3531:
3522:
3505:
3406:
3339:
3290:
3271:
3254:
3239:
3190:
3149:
3081:
3035:
2942:
2893:
2855:
2804:
2773:
2695:
2654:
2608:
2318:
2199:
2167:
of full-length HPV DNAs can be easily recreated in yeast (Angeletti 2005).
2137:
1080:
1076:
1068:
966:
810:
A few reports have identified papillomaviruses in smaller rodents, such as
788:
779:
591:
96:
84:
5720:
5344:
5336:
5268:
4944:
4592:
4316:
4292:
3974:
3939:
Evander M, Frazer IH, Payne E, Qi YM, Hengst K, McMillan NA (March 1997).
3835:
3759:
3629:
3490:
3441:
2978:
2722:
9993:
9939:
9731:
9616:
9368:
9147:
9133:
9046:
8902:
8692:
8605:
8598:
8541:
8447:
8368:
8251:
8168:
8134:
8060:
8022:
8003:
7939:
7932:
7763:
7623:
7312:
7140:
7040:
6935:
6785:
6767:
6743:
6606:
6584:
6410:
6388:
6356:
6297:
6086:
5998:
5860:
5810:
5786:
4842:
4793:
4347:
3221:
2590:
2422:
2378:
2281:
2119:
951:
924:
614:. Additionally, there are descriptions of the presence of papillomavirus
3714:
3697:
3552:
3355:"Prof. Chuck Holliday's www page at Lafayette College » Jackalopes"
2218:
9811:
9552:
9240:
9196:
9090:
8851:
7660:
7650:
7402:
7002:
6329:
6079:
3698:"Cutaneotropic β-/γ-HPV types are rarely shared between family members"
3056:"Multiple evolutionary mechanisms drive papillomavirus diversification"
2909:"Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Betapapillomavirus, HPV-159"
2446:
2442:
2415:
2408:
2393:
2373:
E6 is a 151 amino-acid peptide that incorporates a type 1 motif with a
2322:
2145:
1052:
969:. Keratinocytes form the outermost layers of the skin, as well as some
939:
928:
774:
717:, which are identified by Greek letters. Minor branches are considered
572:
9998:
5699:, the genetic inability to defend against some types of cutaneous HPV.
3892:"Human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate"
3555:"Quantifying the phylodynamic forces driving papillomavirus evolution"
886:
879:
872:
865:
649:
9834:
9821:
9693:
9436:
9307:
8841:
8797:
7871:
7548:
7520:
6959:
5799:
5771:
5072:
Glaunsinger BA, Lee SS, Thomas M, Banks L, Javier R (November 2000).
4608:"Propagation, infection, and neutralization of authentic HPV16 virus"
4530:
3890:
Giroglou T, Florin L, Schäfer F, Streeck RE, Sapp M (February 2001).
3817:
3281:
3127:
2491:
2438:
855:
783:
670:
630:
576:
567:
9985:
9901:
4452:
4224:
3101:
Papillomavirus Research: From Natural History To Vaccines and Beyond
3053:
2786:
907:
Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, meaning that the outer shell or
753:
657:
There are over 100 species of papillomavirus recognised, though the
637:, who had previously demonstrated the existence of a cancer-causing
9924:
9761:
9741:
9736:
9710:
4488:
2504:
2369:
Structure of Sap97 PDZ3 bound to the C-terminal peptide of HPV18 E6
2338:
2289:
2252:
1040:
1020:
1000:
923:
composed of L1 are the basis of a successful group of prophylactic
815:
685:
4605:
4489:"PDB101: Molecule of the Month: Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines"
942:
in length. It is packaged within the L1 shell along with cellular
9723:
5703:
Best Joint Supplement That Actually Works for Men, Women and Knee
4911:"Identification of the human papilloma virus-1a E4 gene products"
4692:
3645:
3115:
3099:
2365:
1016:
943:
718:
595:
41:
4072:"Papillomaviruses infect cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway"
2275:
located primarily in the long control region. The protein has a
713:. Major branches of the phylogenetic tree of PVs are considered
677:
that have a similar topology, independent of the gene analyzed.
4909:
Doorbar J, Campbell D, Grand RJ, Gallimore PH (February 1986).
4401:
2959:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. February 2019
2956:
2626:
2341:
primarily by activating the cell growth-promoting signaling of
908:
847:
3503:
3203:
9972:
4908:
3988:
McMillan NA, Payne E, Frazer IH, Evander M (September 1999).
3695:
2500:
2496:
1072:
823:
723:
714:
71:
4776:
Wang X, Meyers C, Wang HK, Chow LT, Zheng ZM (August 2011).
3889:
3792:
Rayment I, Baker TS, Caspar DL, Murakami WT (January 1982).
2999:
2572:
2540:
9653:
5365:
5322:
5284:"Requirement of E7 oncoprotein for viability of HeLa cells"
5281:
4647:
Goodsell, D.S (2018). "Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines".
4606:
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Christensen ND, Meyers C (May 2004).
4562:
2667:
2450:
2404:
2228:
2182:
662:
626:
611:
580:
5474:
Richards RM, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Day PM (January 2006).
5222:
5171:
Kelley ML, Keiger KE, Lee CJ, Huibregtse JM (March 2005).
4378:
3987:
3791:
2425:
designed to eradicate established cervical cancer tumors.
778:. These horn-like warts may be the original basis for the
5170:
5071:
4873:
4511:
4166:
Day PM, Baker CC, Lowy DR, Schiller JT (September 2004).
3454:
3253:
Chouhy D, Bolatti EM, Pérez GR, Giri AA (November 2013).
2872:
Doorbar J (March 2005). "The papillomavirus life cycle".
2385:
2170:
Recently, transient high-yield methods for producing HPV
1024:
615:
5622:
5025:
3736:
2735:
2708:
2247:
in the long control region of the viral genome. E1 uses
799:
Inter-species transmission has also been documented for
5573:
5473:
3848:
2906:
49:
Electron micrograph of papillomavirus, scale bar 70 nm
5716:
Human papillomavirus particle and genome visualization
3455:
Van Ranst M, Tachezy R, Pruss J, Burk RD (June 1992).
3252:
5533:
Yang R, Yutzy WH, Viscidi RP, Roden RB (April 2003).
5532:
4329:
4113:
3794:"Polyoma virus capsid structure at 22.5 A resolution"
2219:
Technical discussion of papillomavirus gene functions
2151:
The differentiation of keratinocytes can be mimicked
5757:
4165:
3938:
3419:
2522:
1067:
New infectious progeny viruses are assembled in the
4028:
2907:Kocjan BJ, Hosnjak L, Seme K, Poljak M (May 2013).
2392:protein, reducing the cell's ability to respond to
2191:
Genome organization of Human papillomavirus type 16
1083:as a stealthy, non-inflammatory release mechanism.
5415:Campos SK, Ozbun MA (2009). Papavasiliou N (ed.).
5122:"iHOP information Hyperlinked over Proteins UBE3A"
4775:
2817:
590:Papillomaviruses are usually considered as highly
7060:
4726:
4276:
10052:
4824:
4372:
3303:
1010:
946:proteins, which serve to wrap and condense DNA.
903:Papillomavirus capsid from bovine papillomavirus
673:that permit the comparison of homologies led to
7726:
7422:
6464:
4161:
4159:
4109:
4107:
4069:
3641:
3639:
3162:
2575:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Papillomaviridae"
2292:E6 and E7 in latently HPV-infected basal layer
644:
9467:
9338:
9034:
8990:
8817:
8085:
6671:
6180:
4727:Tang S, Tao M, McCoy JP, Zheng ZM (May 2006).
4272:
4270:
4029:Selinka HC, Giroglou T, Sapp M (August 2002).
2867:
2865:
2622:
2620:
2618:
1034:
695:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
9568:
9456:
9327:
9228:
8319:
7359:
6979:
6968:
6660:
6649:
6007:
5941:
5919:
5743:
3593:
3546:
2818:Mistry N, Wibom C, Evander M (October 2008).
8806:
8356:
8122:
7880:
7590:
7557:
7433:
6990:
6169:
5952:
5830:
5819:
5616:
5567:
5526:
5467:
5408:
5359:
5275:
4951:
4867:
4599:
4156:
4104:
4063:
4022:
3981:
3883:
3842:
3636:
3372:
3297:
3049:
3047:
3045:
2453:, that are derived from HPV-induced tumors.
9445:
9349:
9316:
8876:
8393:
7737:
7685:
7411:
7175:
7071:
7049:
6158:
6018:
5414:
5316:
4957:
4902:
4556:
4446:
4267:
4070:Day PM, Lowy DR, Schiller JT (March 2003).
3932:
3775:
3730:
3587:
3497:
3448:
3413:
3378:
3197:
2993:
2862:
2811:
2780:
2729:
2661:
2615:
839:the host cell's DNA replication machinery.
669:may diverge by more than 50%. Phylogenetic
9575:
9561:
8166:
7138:
5808:
5750:
5736:
4674:
3246:
2949:
2702:
2243:Encodes a protein that binds to the viral
2104:
965:Papillomaviruses replicate exclusively in
748:
40:
9866:Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP)
9421:
7648:
5640:
5599:
5550:
5509:
5499:
5450:
5440:
5391:
5299:
5258:
5248:
5218:
5216:
5196:
5097:
5043:
4983:
4934:
4850:
4801:
4752:
4700:
4623:
4539:
4529:
4429:
4419:
4395:
4355:
4250:
4201:
4191:
4139:
4087:
4046:
4005:
3964:
3915:
3866:
3825:
3713:
3689:
3672:
3619:
3570:
3521:
3480:
3396:
3329:
3304:Antonsson A, Hansson BG (December 2002).
3280:
3270:
3229:
3180:
3156:
3071:
3042:
3025:
2932:
2900:
2845:
2835:
2763:
2753:
2685:
2644:
2598:
2407:, which normally represses production of
733:
9840:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)
9830:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
9582:
9434:
9305:
9292:
8839:
8795:
7869:
7856:
7546:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5021:
5019:
5017:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4646:
3094:
2377:–(T/S)-(X)-(V/I)-COOH. It also has two
2364:
2186:
2183:Genetic organization and gene expression
911:of the virus is not covered by a lipid
898:
752:
648:
8782:
4722:
4720:
3121:
2871:
14:
10053:
9845:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
7533:
5695:on the skin of an Indonesian man with
5213:
4323:
3385:Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy
3163:Rector A, Van Ranst M (October 2013).
927:designed to elicit virus-neutralizing
9906:
9905:
9556:
9420:
9291:
8781:
7855:
7532:
6933:
6932:
5783:
5731:
5060:
5014:
4675:Zheng ZM, Baker CC (September 2006).
4663:
3346:
3088:
1060:Since the outer layers of stratified
960:
5784:
5710:00.099. Papillomaviridae description
4958:Bravo IG, Alonso A (December 2004).
4769:
4717:
3702:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
3352:
2971:
2629:"Classification of papillomaviruses"
2083:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1979:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1927:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1901:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1849:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1745:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1719:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1693:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1667:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1589:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1537:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1485:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1459:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1433:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1407:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1381:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1329:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1303:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1225:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1199:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
1147:Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin
782:of the American antlered rabbit the
5539:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
4818:
3855:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2130:
1049:recombination-dependent replication
989:
792:. European domestic rabbits (genus
24:
4976:10.1128/JVI.78.24.13613-13626.2004
4927:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04219.x
3665:10.1128/JVI.79.21.13630-13640.2005
3322:10.1128/JVI.76.24.12537-12542.2002
2267:The E2 protein serves as a master
620:peripheral blood mononuclear cells
25:
10077:
9641:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer
5660:
5592:10.1128/JVI.79.11.6723-6731.2005
5384:10.1128/JVI.80.10.4664-4672.2006
3612:10.1128/JVI.67.11.6413-6423.1993
2539:
2525:
2351:major histocompatibility complex
770:Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus
58:
9684:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
5697:epidermodysplasia verruciformis
5189:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3737-3747.2005
5164:
5139:
5114:
5000:
4745:10.1128/JVI.80.9.4249-4263.2006
4640:
4505:
4481:
4218:
3957:10.1128/JVI.71.3.2449-2456.1997
3908:10.1128/JVI.75.3.1565-1570.2001
3785:
3766:
3559:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3510:The Journal of General Virology
3259:The Journal of General Virology
3060:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2957:"Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release"
2579:The Journal of General Virology
2979:"Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release"
2566:
2343:platelet-derived growth factor
1047:of the cell cycle and rely on
740:Human papillomavirus infection
13:
1:
5693:the effects of papillomavirus
4467:10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.06.012
4132:10.1128/JVI.80.2.759-768.2006
4089:10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00143-5
2797:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.115
2560:
1011:Viral persistence and latency
984:
722:"variants", all of which are
701:, which is distinct from the
653:Selected papillomavirus types
9689:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
5442:10.1371/journal.pone.0004463
5301:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.10.015
3752:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90896-W
3434:10.1016/0042-6822(85)90398-8
2874:Journal of Clinical Virology
2227:might have been mistaken as
894:
833:
645:Taxonomy of papillomaviruses
7:
5642:10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.011
5045:10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.008
4657:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2018_5
4625:10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.011
3182:10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.007
3018:10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.002
2791:. 24 Suppl 3 (3): S3/1–10.
2687:10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.022
2646:10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033
2518:
1035:Production of progeny virus
10:
10082:
5691:A short video which shows
4421:10.1186/s13027-020-00286-8
4243:10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.031
3398:10.1177/095632020501600602
3104:. Caister Academic Press.
737:
707:thus eliminating the term
697:. All PVs form the family
491:Treisepsilonpapillomavirus
9914:
9878:
9853:
9819:
9810:
9791:Experimental techniques:
9752:
9722:
9704:
9652:
9599:
9588:
9500:
9478:
9430:
9416:
9301:
9287:
9278:
9217:
9121:
9071:
9060:
9023:
8979:
8865:
8828:
8791:
8777:
8732:
8702:
8680:
8669:
8629:
8558:
8445:
8434:
8423:
8382:
8345:
8308:
8275:
8232:
8221:
8210:
8155:
8111:
8074:
8020:
7956:
7913:
7902:
7891:
7865:
7851:
7795:
7715:
7674:
7637:
7579:
7568:
7542:
7528:
7519:
7471:
7400:
7348:
7322:
7293:
7271:
7249:
7227:
7216:
7205:
7164:
7127:
7116:
7105:
7038:
6957:
6946:
6942:
6928:
6799:
6777:
6741:
6730:
6723:
6638:
6604:
6582:
6560:
6538:
6527:
6501:
6490:
6453:
6442:
6398:
6376:
6354:
6343:
6317:
6295:
6284:
6273:
6262:
6251:
6213:
6191:
6147:
5996:
5930:
5908:
5870:
5841:
5797:
5793:
5779:
5770:
4888:10.1016/j.tim.2004.10.002
4336:British Journal of Cancer
3165:"Animal papillomaviruses"
3142:10.1016/j.tim.2010.07.008
2886:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.006
2086:Cell receptor endocytosis
2060:Cell receptor endocytosis
2034:Cell receptor endocytosis
2008:Cell receptor endocytosis
1982:Cell receptor endocytosis
1956:Cell receptor endocytosis
1930:Cell receptor endocytosis
1904:Cell receptor endocytosis
1878:Cell receptor endocytosis
1852:Cell receptor endocytosis
1826:Cell receptor endocytosis
1800:Cell receptor endocytosis
1774:Cell receptor endocytosis
1748:Cell receptor endocytosis
1722:Cell receptor endocytosis
1696:Cell receptor endocytosis
1670:Cell receptor endocytosis
1644:Cell receptor endocytosis
1618:Cell receptor endocytosis
1592:Cell receptor endocytosis
1566:Cell receptor endocytosis
1540:Cell receptor endocytosis
1514:Cell receptor endocytosis
1488:Cell receptor endocytosis
1462:Cell receptor endocytosis
1436:Cell receptor endocytosis
1410:Cell receptor endocytosis
1384:Cell receptor endocytosis
1358:Cell receptor endocytosis
1332:Cell receptor endocytosis
1306:Cell receptor endocytosis
1280:Cell receptor endocytosis
1254:Cell receptor endocytosis
1228:Cell receptor endocytosis
1202:Cell receptor endocytosis
1176:Cell receptor endocytosis
1150:Cell receptor endocytosis
1124:Cell receptor endocytosis
157:
152:
53:
48:
39:
32:
9679:Laryngeal papillomatosis
5325:Molecular Carcinogenesis
5250:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11612
2925:10.1128/genomeA.00298-13
2337:type 1) functions as an
1635:Dyoomikronpapillomavirus
1505:Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus
1005:cell-penetrating peptide
979:cellular differentiation
757:Viral papilloma in a dog
618:in the blood and in the
526:Treiskappapapillomavirus
512:Treisthetapapillomavirus
484:Treisdeltapapillomavirus
449:Dyoupsilonpapillomavirus
414:Dyoomikronpapillomavirus
344:Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus
5501:10.1073/pnas.0508815103
4681:Frontiers in Bioscience
4585:10.1126/science.1323879
4193:10.1073/pnas.0404229101
3379:Christensen ND (2005).
2837:10.1186/1743-422X-5-118
2755:10.1186/1743-422X-8-436
2347:epidermal growth factor
2105:Association with cancer
1765:Dyolambdapapillomavirus
889: million years ago
882: million years ago
875: million years ago
868: million years ago
858: million years ago
749:Animal papillomaviruses
519:Treisiotapapillomavirus
498:Treiszetapapillomavirus
386:Dyolambdapapillomavirus
153:Subfamilies and genera
5552:10.1074/jbc.M208691200
5288:Microbes and Infection
5090:10.1038/sj.onc.1203906
4876:Trends in Microbiology
4649:RCSB Protein Data Bank
4048:10.1006/viro.2001.1493
4007:10.1006/viro.1999.9825
3868:10.1074/jbc.274.9.5810
3523:10.1099/vir.0.064436-0
3473:10.1093/nar/20.11.2889
3461:Nucleic Acids Research
3272:10.1099/vir.0.055137-0
3130:Trends in Microbiology
2555:Deer cutaneous fibroma
2465:(papillomavirus genus
2370:
2315:intermediate filaments
2192:
2122:. An association with
1869:Dyokappapapillomavirus
1791:Dyosigmapapillomavirus
1609:Dyothetapapillomavirus
1167:Dyodeltapapillomavirus
904:
820:Eurasian harvest mouse
758:
734:Human papillomaviruses
654:
535:Secondpapillomavirinae
505:Treisetapapillomavirus
477:Dyoomegapapillomavirus
435:Dyosigmapapillomavirus
379:Dyokappapapillomavirus
365:Dyothetapapillomavirus
337:Dyodeltapapillomavirus
9886:Georgios Papanikolaou
5337:10.1002/mc.2940040510
4381:Georgian Medical News
4293:10.1515/HSZ-2017-0113
3572:10.1093/molbev/msr030
3073:10.1093/molbev/msm039
2711:The Veterinary Record
2513:transcription factors
2511:body that is rich in
2485:
2472:
2456:
2428:
2403:. One such target is
2368:
2360:
2335:bovine papillomavirus
2328:
2307:
2299:
2262:
2245:origin of replication
2238:
2190:
2051:Dyoiotapapillomavirus
1947:Epsilonpapillomavirus
1323:Upsilonpapillomavirus
1271:Dyozetapapillomavirus
1141:Omikronpapillomavirus
902:
801:bovine papillomavirus
756:
652:
372:Dyoiotapapillomavirus
351:Dyozetapapillomavirus
302:Upsilonpapillomavirus
267:Omikronpapillomavirus
197:Epsilonpapillomavirus
162:Firstpapillomavirinae
9637:Head and neck cancer
9583:Human papillomavirus
5763:virus classification
4843:10.1128/JVI.01719-08
4794:10.1128/JVI.00670-11
4408:Infect Agents Cancer
4348:10.1038/bjc.2012.583
4280:Biological Chemistry
4237:(6): 1465–1476.e13.
3222:10.1128/JVI.01369-16
2913:Genome Announcements
2591:10.1099/jgv.0.001105
2414:E6 can also bind to
2317:of the keratinocyte
2271:regulator for viral
2146:immunodeficient mice
1817:Dyorhopapillomavirus
1401:Lambdapapillomavirus
1349:Dyoetapapillomavirus
921:virus-like particles
917:icosahedral symmetry
608:human papillomavirus
604:body surface tissues
470:Dyopsipapillomavirus
463:Dyochipapillomavirus
456:Dyophipapillomavirus
442:Dyotaupapillomavirus
428:Dyorhopapillomavirus
358:Dyoetapapillomavirus
239:Lambdapapillomavirus
55:Virus classification
9861:Cervical conization
8745:Permutotetraviridae
6504:Orthopolintovirales
5979:Malacoherpesviridae
5580:Journal of Virology
5492:2006PNAS..103.1522R
5433:2009PLoSO...4.4463C
5372:Journal of Virology
5241:1997PNAS...9411612K
5177:Journal of Virology
4964:Journal of Virology
4831:Journal of Virology
4782:Journal of Virology
4733:Journal of Virology
4577:1992Sci...257..971M
4184:2004PNAS..10114252D
4120:Journal of Virology
3945:Journal of Virology
3896:Journal of Virology
3810:1982Natur.295..110R
3715:10.1038/jid.2009.94
3653:Journal of Virology
3600:Journal of Virology
3310:Journal of Virology
3210:Journal of Virology
2233:open reading frames
2225:open reading frames
2025:Dyopipapillomavirus
1999:Dyonupapillomavirus
1739:Deltapapillomavirus
1687:Alphapapillomavirus
1661:Gammapapillomavirus
1531:Thetapapillomavirus
1375:Sigmapapillomavirus
1297:Kappapapillomavirus
1245:Dyomupapillomavirus
1193:Omegapapillomavirus
1115:Dyoxipapillomavirus
1053:DNA damage response
682:adaptive radiations
667:nucleotide sequence
635:Francis Peyton Rous
421:Dyopipapillomavirus
407:Dyoxipapillomavirus
400:Dyonupapillomavirus
393:Dyomupapillomavirus
330:Omegapapillomavirus
288:Sigmapapillomavirus
232:Kappapapillomavirus
218:Thetapapillomavirus
190:Deltapapillomavirus
183:Gammapapillomavirus
169:Alphapapillomavirus
7063:Malgrandaviricetes
6698:Sphaerolipoviridae
6684:Matshushitaviridae
6276:Nucleocytoviricota
5680:: Papillomaviridae
2880:(Suppl 1): S7–15.
2401:metabolic pathways
2375:consensus sequence
2371:
2193:
2179:this recognition.
1921:Iotapapillomavirus
1713:Zetapapillomavirus
1453:Betapapillomavirus
1062:squamous epithelia
975:squamous epithelia
961:Tissue specificity
905:
759:
675:phylogenetic trees
655:
585:becoming cancerous
542:Alefpapillomavirus
225:Iotapapillomavirus
204:Zetapapillomavirus
176:Betapapillomavirus
10048:
10047:
9908:Taxon identifiers
9899:
9898:
9891:Harald zur Hausen
9874:
9873:
9718:
9717:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9538:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9530:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9412:
9411:
9408:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9392:
9391:
9274:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9254:
9253:
9250:
9249:
9220:Yunchangviricetes
9213:
9212:
9056:
9055:
9019:
9018:
8975:
8974:
8861:
8860:
8773:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8728:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8665:
8664:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8378:
8377:
8341:
8340:
8304:
8303:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8179:Carmotetraviridae
8151:
8150:
8107:
8106:
8070:
8069:
8054:Gammaflexiviridae
8047:Deltaflexiviridae
8033:Alphaflexiviridae
7926:Alphatetraviridae
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7670:
7669:
7633:
7632:
7582:Chrymotiviricetes
7515:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7344:
7343:
7240:Bacilladnaviridae
7201:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7160:
7159:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6882:Portogloboviridae
6795:
6794:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6523:
6522:
6486:
6485:
6445:Preplasmiviricota
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6339:
6338:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6038:Autographiviridae
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5965:Alloherpesviridae
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
4455:Urologic Oncology
3516:(Pt 6): 1352–65.
3353:Holliday, Chuck.
3265:(Pt 11): 2480–8.
3111:978-1-904455-04-2
2102:
2101:
1973:Phipapillomavirus
1843:Psipapillomavirus
1583:Rhopapillomavirus
1557:Etapapillomavirus
1427:Taupapillomavirus
919:. Self-assembled
552:
551:
323:Psipapillomavirus
316:Chipapillomavirus
309:Phipapillomavirus
295:Taupapillomavirus
281:Rhopapillomavirus
211:Etapapillomavirus
27:Family of viruses
16:(Redirected from
10073:
10041:
10040:
10028:
10027:
10015:
10014:
10002:
10001:
9989:
9988:
9976:
9975:
9963:
9962:
9950:
9949:
9948:
9946:Papillomaviridae
9935:
9934:
9933:
9916:Papillomaviridae
9903:
9902:
9817:
9816:
9597:
9596:
9577:
9570:
9563:
9554:
9553:
9476:
9475:
9465:
9464:
9454:
9453:
9443:
9442:
9432:
9431:
9424:dsDNA-RT viruses
9418:
9417:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9335:
9325:
9324:
9314:
9313:
9303:
9302:
9295:ssRNA-RT viruses
9289:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9226:
9225:
9069:
9068:
9037:Serpentovirales
9032:
9031:
9010:Orthomyxoviridae
8988:
8987:
8938:Peribunyaviridae
8874:
8873:
8837:
8836:
8831:Chunqiuviricetes
8826:
8825:
8815:
8814:
8804:
8803:
8793:
8792:
8785:(–)ssRNA viruses
8779:
8778:
8678:
8677:
8521:Nanghoshaviridae
8443:
8442:
8432:
8431:
8406:Botourmiaviridae
8391:
8390:
8354:
8353:
8348:Howeltoviricetes
8317:
8316:
8311:Amabiliviricetes
8230:
8229:
8219:
8218:
8164:
8163:
8120:
8119:
8083:
8082:
8040:Betaflexiviridae
7911:
7910:
7900:
7899:
7889:
7888:
7878:
7877:
7867:
7866:
7859:(+)ssRNA viruses
7853:
7852:
7771:Picobirnaviridae
7735:
7734:
7729:Duplopiviricetes
7724:
7723:
7683:
7682:
7677:Vidaverviricetes
7646:
7645:
7640:Resentoviricetes
7610:Megabirnaviridae
7588:
7587:
7577:
7576:
7571:Duplornaviricota
7566:
7565:
7555:
7554:
7544:
7543:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7431:
7430:
7425:Huolimaviricetes
7420:
7419:
7409:
7408:
7357:
7356:
7351:Repensiviricetes
7225:
7224:
7214:
7213:
7208:Cressdnaviricota
7173:
7172:
7136:
7135:
7125:
7124:
7114:
7113:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7057:
7047:
7046:
6988:
6987:
6977:
6976:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6954:
6944:
6943:
6930:
6929:
6739:
6738:
6728:
6727:
6669:
6668:
6658:
6657:
6647:
6646:
6536:
6535:
6530:Tectiliviricetes
6499:
6498:
6493:Polintoviricetes
6467:Priklausovirales
6462:
6461:
6451:
6450:
6425:Marseilleviridae
6352:
6351:
6293:
6292:
6282:
6281:
6271:
6270:
6260:
6259:
6226:Papillomaviridae
6216:Zurhausenvirales
6189:
6188:
6178:
6177:
6167:
6166:
6156:
6155:
6031:Ackermannviridae
6016:
6015:
6005:
6004:
5950:
5949:
5939:
5938:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5883:Tristromaviridae
5854:Lipothrixviridae
5839:
5838:
5828:
5827:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5805:
5795:
5794:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5729:
5728:
5670:Papillomaviridae
5655:
5654:
5644:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5554:
5545:(14): 12546–53.
5530:
5524:
5523:
5513:
5503:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5454:
5444:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5395:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5303:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5262:
5252:
5220:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5149:. Archived from
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5124:. Archived from
5118:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5069:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5023:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4970:(24): 13613–26.
4955:
4949:
4948:
4938:
4915:The EMBO Journal
4906:
4900:
4899:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4756:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4704:
4672:
4661:
4660:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4543:
4533:
4531:10.3390/v9120374
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4461:(1): 46.e19–27.
4450:
4444:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4359:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4254:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4009:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3919:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3818:10.1038/295110a0
3789:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3659:(21): 13630–40.
3643:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3525:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3357:. Archived from
3350:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3316:(24): 12537–42.
3301:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3051:
3040:
3039:
3029:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2919:(3): e00298–13.
2904:
2898:
2897:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2824:Virology Journal
2815:
2809:
2808:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2742:Virology Journal
2733:
2727:
2726:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2624:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2570:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2390:tumor suppressor
2131:Laboratory study
2077:Mupapillomavirus
1953:Epithelial: skin
1895:Pipapillomavirus
1563:Epithelial: skin
1479:Xipapillomavirus
1219:Nupapillomavirus
1104:Replication site
1086:
1085:
990:Infectious entry
971:mucosal surfaces
890:
883:
876:
869:
859:
816:multimammate rat
699:Papillomaviridae
556:Papillomaviridae
274:Pipapillomavirus
260:Xipapillomavirus
253:Nupapillomavirus
246:Mupapillomavirus
146:Papillomaviridae
134:Zurhausenvirales
63:
62:
44:
34:Papillomaviridae
30:
29:
21:
10081:
10080:
10076:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10071:
10070:
10051:
10050:
10049:
10044:
10036:
10031:
10023:
10018:
10010:
10005:
9997:
9992:
9984:
9979:
9971:
9966:
9958:
9953:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9929:
9928:
9923:
9910:
9900:
9895:
9870:
9849:
9806:
9775:Bethesda system
9748:
9714:
9700:
9648:
9607:Cervical cancer
9591:
9584:
9581:
9551:
9518:
9496:
9470:Revtraviricetes
9426:
9388:
9341:Revtraviricetes
9297:
9246:
9209:
9176:Paramyxoviridae
9124:Mononegavirales
9117:
9098:Crepuscuviridae
9052:
9015:
8993:Articulavirales
8982:Insthoviricetes
8971:
8857:
8820:Negarnaviricota
8787:
8757:
8720:
8698:
8672:Stelpaviricetes
8661:
8625:
8620:Polycipiviridae
8613:Dicistroviridae
8554:
8437:Pisoniviricetes
8411:
8374:
8337:
8300:
8271:
8198:
8158:Tolucaviricetes
8147:
8103:
8088:Amarillovirales
8066:
8016:
7976:Closteroviridae
7959:Martellivirales
7952:
7894:Kitrinoviricota
7861:
7831:
7815:Polymycoviridae
7783:
7703:
7666:
7629:
7538:
7503:
7491:Finnlakeviridae
7451:
7446:Pleolipoviridae
7384:
7340:
7318:
7289:
7267:
7245:
7193:
7167:Quintoviricetes
7156:
7089:
7022:
6938:
6912:
6791:
6773:
6703:
6674:Halopanivirales
6622:
6600:
6578:
6556:
6519:
6482:
6456:Maveriviricetes
6430:
6394:
6372:
6367:Phycodnaviridae
6335:
6313:
6287:Pokkesviricetes
6231:
6209:
6183:Papovaviricetes
6127:
6094:Rountreeviridae
5984:
5888:
5866:
5789:
5766:
5756:
5663:
5658:
5621:
5617:
5586:(11): 6723–31.
5572:
5568:
5531:
5527:
5472:
5468:
5413:
5409:
5378:(10): 4664–72.
5364:
5360:
5321:
5317:
5280:
5276:
5235:(21): 11612–6.
5221:
5214:
5169:
5165:
5156:
5154:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5084:(46): 5270–80.
5070:
5061:
5024:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4956:
4952:
4907:
4903:
4872:
4868:
4823:
4819:
4788:(16): 8080–92.
4774:
4770:
4725:
4718:
4673:
4664:
4645:
4641:
4604:
4600:
4571:(5072): 971–3.
4561:
4557:
4510:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4451:
4447:
4400:
4396:
4377:
4373:
4328:
4324:
4275:
4268:
4223:
4219:
4178:(39): 14252–7.
4164:
4157:
4112:
4105:
4068:
4064:
4027:
4023:
3986:
3982:
3937:
3933:
3888:
3884:
3847:
3843:
3804:(5845): 110–5.
3790:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3735:
3731:
3708:(10): 2427–34.
3694:
3690:
3644:
3637:
3606:(11): 6413–23.
3592:
3588:
3551:
3547:
3502:
3498:
3453:
3449:
3418:
3414:
3377:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3351:
3347:
3302:
3298:
3251:
3247:
3216:(19): 8768–79.
3202:
3198:
3175:(1–2): 213–23.
3161:
3157:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3093:
3089:
3052:
3043:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2905:
2901:
2870:
2863:
2816:
2812:
2785:
2781:
2734:
2730:
2707:
2703:
2666:
2662:
2625:
2616:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2545:
2538:
2533:Medicine portal
2531:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2488:
2475:
2459:
2431:
2363:
2331:
2310:
2302:
2277:transactivation
2269:transcriptional
2265:
2257:DNA replication
2241:
2221:
2185:
2133:
2112:cervical cancer
2107:
1690:Humans; monkeys
1101:Release details
1044:
1037:
1013:
992:
987:
963:
897:
885:
878:
871:
864:
854:
836:
812:Syrian hamsters
751:
742:
736:
686:zoonotic events
665:, although the
647:
122:Papovaviricetes
57:
28:
23:
22:
18:Papilloma virus
15:
12:
11:
5:
10079:
10069:
10068:
10066:Virus families
10063:
10061:Papillomavirus
10046:
10045:
10043:
10042:
10029:
10016:
10003:
9990:
9977:
9964:
9951:
9936:
9920:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9893:
9888:
9882:
9880:
9876:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9868:
9863:
9857:
9855:
9851:
9850:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9826:
9824:
9814:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9797:
9789:
9788:
9787:
9785:Cytotechnology
9782:
9772:
9771:
9770:
9758:
9756:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9746:
9745:
9744:
9739:
9728:
9726:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9708:
9706:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9658:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9644:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9609:
9603:
9601:
9594:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9579:
9572:
9565:
9557:
9548:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9516:
9513:Caulimoviridae
9508:
9506:
9498:
9497:
9495:
9494:
9491:Hepadnaviridae
9486:
9484:
9473:
9462:
9459:Artverviricota
9451:
9440:
9428:
9427:
9414:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9402:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9386:
9379:
9372:
9365:
9357:
9355:
9344:
9333:
9330:Artverviricota
9322:
9311:
9299:
9298:
9282:
9276:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9244:
9236:
9234:
9231:Goujianvirales
9223:
9215:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9207:
9200:
9193:
9186:
9179:
9172:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9129:
9127:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9094:
9087:
9079:
9077:
9074:Jingchuvirales
9066:
9063:Monjiviricetes
9058:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9042:
9040:
9029:
9026:Milneviricetes
9021:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9006:
8998:
8996:
8985:
8977:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8948:
8941:
8934:
8927:
8920:
8917:Leishbuviridae
8913:
8906:
8899:
8892:
8884:
8882:
8871:
8868:Ellioviricetes
8863:
8862:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8847:
8845:
8834:
8823:
8812:
8801:
8789:
8788:
8775:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8752:Sarthroviridae
8748:
8736:
8734:
8730:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8718:
8710:
8708:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8688:
8686:
8675:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8652:
8645:
8642:Alvernaviridae
8637:
8635:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8588:
8585:Solinviviridae
8581:
8574:
8571:Picornaviridae
8566:
8564:
8561:Picornavirales
8556:
8555:
8553:
8552:
8545:
8538:
8531:
8528:Nanhypoviridae
8524:
8517:
8510:
8503:
8500:Medioniviridae
8496:
8489:
8482:
8475:
8472:Cremegaviridae
8468:
8461:
8453:
8451:
8440:
8429:
8421:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8401:
8399:
8388:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8364:
8362:
8351:
8343:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8327:
8325:
8322:Wolframvirales
8314:
8306:
8305:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8291:
8283:
8281:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8240:
8238:
8227:
8216:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8189:
8182:
8174:
8172:
8161:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8142:Sinhaliviridae
8138:
8130:
8128:
8117:
8114:Magsaviricetes
8109:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8093:
8091:
8080:
8077:Flasuviricetes
8072:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8036:
8028:
8026:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8007:
8000:
7993:
7986:
7983:Endornaviridae
7979:
7972:
7964:
7962:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7950:
7943:
7936:
7929:
7921:
7919:
7908:
7897:
7886:
7875:
7863:
7862:
7849:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7826:Botybirnavirus
7818:
7811:
7799:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7778:Partitiviridae
7774:
7767:
7760:
7757:Curvulaviridae
7753:
7745:
7743:
7732:
7721:
7713:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7693:
7691:
7680:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7656:
7654:
7643:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7598:
7596:
7585:
7574:
7563:
7552:
7540:
7539:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7441:
7439:
7428:
7417:
7406:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7382:
7375:
7367:
7365:
7362:Geplafuvirales
7354:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7335:Redondoviridae
7330:
7328:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7309:
7301:
7299:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7279:
7277:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7257:
7255:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7235:
7233:
7222:
7211:
7203:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7183:
7181:
7170:
7162:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7146:
7144:
7133:
7122:
7111:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7077:
7066:
7055:
7044:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7017:Plectroviridae
7013:
7010:Paulinoviridae
7006:
6998:
6996:
6985:
6982:Faserviricetes
6974:
6971:Hofneiviricota
6963:
6952:
6940:
6939:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6903:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6875:Polydnaviridae
6871:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6840:Globuloviridae
6836:
6833:Fuselloviridae
6829:
6822:
6819:Bicaudaviridae
6815:
6812:Ampullaviridae
6803:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6764:
6761:Hytrosaviridae
6757:
6749:
6747:
6736:
6733:Naldaviricetes
6725:
6721:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6679:
6677:
6666:
6663:Laserviricetes
6655:
6652:Dividoviricota
6644:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6617:Corticoviridae
6612:
6610:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6568:
6566:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6546:
6544:
6533:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6509:
6507:
6496:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6472:
6470:
6459:
6448:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6406:
6404:
6401:Pimascovirales
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6384:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6362:
6360:
6349:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6325:
6323:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6303:
6301:
6290:
6279:
6268:
6257:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6221:
6219:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6204:Polyomaviridae
6199:
6197:
6186:
6175:
6164:
6153:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6101:Salasmaviridae
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6073:Herelleviridae
6069:
6062:
6059:Drexlerviridae
6055:
6052:Demerecviridae
6048:
6041:
6034:
6026:
6024:
6013:
6010:Caudoviricetes
6002:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5960:
5958:
5947:
5944:Herviviricetes
5936:
5925:
5922:Heunggongvirae
5914:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5878:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5849:
5847:
5844:Ligamenvirales
5836:
5825:
5814:
5803:
5791:
5790:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5755:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5700:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5662:
5661:External links
5659:
5657:
5656:
5615:
5566:
5525:
5466:
5407:
5358:
5315:
5274:
5212:
5183:(6): 3737–47.
5163:
5138:
5113:
5059:
5013:
4999:
4950:
4901:
4866:
4817:
4768:
4739:(9): 4249–63.
4716:
4662:
4639:
4598:
4555:
4504:
4480:
4445:
4394:
4371:
4322:
4287:(8): 919–927.
4266:
4217:
4155:
4103:
4062:
4041:(2): 279–287.
4021:
3980:
3951:(3): 2449–56.
3931:
3902:(3): 1565–70.
3882:
3861:(9): 5810–22.
3841:
3784:
3774:
3765:
3729:
3688:
3635:
3586:
3565:(7): 2101–13.
3545:
3496:
3447:
3412:
3371:
3345:
3296:
3245:
3196:
3155:
3120:
3110:
3098:, ed. (2006).
3087:
3066:(5): 1242–58.
3041:
2992:
2970:
2948:
2899:
2861:
2810:
2779:
2728:
2701:
2660:
2614:
2585:(8): 989–990.
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2547:Viruses portal
2536:
2520:
2517:
2487:
2484:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2455:
2441:) and promote
2430:
2427:
2362:
2359:
2355:killer T cells
2330:
2327:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2286:nuclear matrix
2264:
2261:
2240:
2237:
2220:
2217:
2200:polyomaviruses
2184:
2181:
2132:
2129:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
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1969:
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1944:
1943:
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1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
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1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
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1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
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1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
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1810:
1807:
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1697:
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1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:Tissue tropism
1093:
1090:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1012:
1009:
991:
988:
986:
983:
962:
959:
896:
893:
835:
832:
814:, the African
750:
747:
738:Main article:
735:
732:
704:Polyomaviridae
690:recombinations
646:
643:
550:
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
531:
530:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
298:
291:
284:
277:
270:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
221:
214:
207:
200:
193:
186:
179:
172:
155:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10078:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10058:
10056:
10039:
10034:
10030:
10026:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10008:
10004:
10000:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9956:
9952:
9947:
9941:
9937:
9932:
9926:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9904:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9877:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9852:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9823:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9809:
9801:
9800:Cervicography
9798:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9780:Cytopathology
9778:
9777:
9776:
9773:
9769:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9755:
9751:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9734:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9725:
9721:
9712:
9709:Acrochordon (
9707:
9703:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9661:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9642:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9587:
9578:
9573:
9571:
9566:
9564:
9559:
9558:
9555:
9515:
9514:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9481:Blubervirales
9477:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9449:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9433:
9429:
9425:
9419:
9415:
9385:
9384:
9380:
9378:
9377:
9376:Pseudoviridae
9373:
9371:
9370:
9366:
9364:
9363:
9362:Belpaoviridae
9359:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9342:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9320:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9309:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9290:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9277:
9243:
9242:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9216:
9206:
9205:
9201:
9199:
9198:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9190:Rhabdoviridae
9187:
9185:
9184:
9183:Pneumoviridae
9180:
9178:
9177:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9162:Mymonaviridae
9159:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9150:
9149:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9120:
9114:
9113:
9112:Natareviridae
9109:
9107:
9106:
9102:
9100:
9099:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9088:
9086:
9085:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9049:
9048:
9044:
9043:
9041:
9039:
9038:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9012:
9011:
9007:
9005:
9004:
9003:Amnoonviridae
9000:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8994:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8978:
8968:
8967:
8966:Wupedeviridae
8963:
8961:
8960:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8952:Phenuiviridae
8949:
8947:
8946:
8945:Phasmaviridae
8942:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8933:
8932:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8921:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8907:
8905:
8904:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8854:
8853:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8810:
8809:Orthornavirae
8805:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8780:
8776:
8754:
8753:
8749:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8717:
8716:
8712:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8705:Stellavirales
8701:
8695:
8694:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8685:
8684:
8683:Patatavirales
8679:
8676:
8674:
8673:
8668:
8658:
8657:
8656:Solemoviridae
8653:
8651:
8650:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8633:
8632:Sobelivirales
8628:
8622:
8621:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8610:
8608:
8607:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8592:Caliciviridae
8589:
8587:
8586:
8582:
8580:
8579:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8549:Tobaniviridae
8546:
8544:
8543:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8525:
8523:
8522:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8514:Mononiviridae
8511:
8509:
8508:
8507:Mesoniviridae
8504:
8502:
8501:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8493:Gresnaviridae
8490:
8488:
8487:
8486:Euroniviridae
8483:
8481:
8480:
8479:Coronaviridae
8476:
8474:
8473:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8465:Arteriviridae
8462:
8460:
8459:
8458:Abyssoviridae
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8408:
8407:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8386:
8381:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8359:Cryppavirales
8355:
8352:
8350:
8349:
8344:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8323:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8307:
8297:
8296:
8295:Steitzviridae
8292:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8279:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8266:Solspiviridae
8263:
8261:
8260:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8245:Atkinsviridae
8242:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8225:
8224:Leviviricetes
8220:
8217:
8215:
8214:
8213:Lenarviricota
8209:
8195:
8194:
8193:Tombusviridae
8190:
8188:
8187:
8183:
8181:
8180:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8125:Nodamuvirales
8121:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8100:
8099:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8063:
8062:
8058:
8056:
8055:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8044:
8042:
8041:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7994:
7992:
7991:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7947:Matonaviridae
7944:
7942:
7941:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7916:Hepelivirales
7912:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7905:Alsuviricetes
7901:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7883:Orthornavirae
7879:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7854:
7850:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7750:Amalgaviridae
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7617:Quadriviridae
7614:
7612:
7611:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7603:Chrysoviridae
7600:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7593:Ghabrivirales
7589:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7560:Orthornavirae
7556:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7536:dsRNA viruses
7531:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7500:
7499:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7484:Anelloviridae
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7436:Haloruvirales
7432:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7381:
7380:
7379:Genomoviridae
7376:
7374:
7373:
7372:Geminiviridae
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7337:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7306:Metaxyviridae
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7220:
7219:Arfiviricetes
7215:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7163:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7119:Cossaviricota
7115:
7112:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6993:Tubulavirales
6989:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6936:ssDNA viruses
6931:
6927:
6909:
6908:
6907:Rhizidiovirus
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6889:Thaspiviridae
6886:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6868:Plasmaviridae
6865:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6854:Halspiviridae
6851:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6754:Baculoviridae
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6691:Simuloviridae
6688:
6686:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6641:Helvetiavirae
6637:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6563:Kalamavirales
6559:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6541:Belfryvirales
6537:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6516:
6515:
6514:Adintoviridae
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6479:
6478:
6477:Lavidaviridae
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6379:Imitervirales
6375:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6346:Megaviricetes
6342:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6194:Sepolyvirales
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6172:Cossaviricota
6168:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6124:
6123:
6122:Zobellviridae
6119:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6108:Schitoviridae
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:Guelinviridae
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5972:Herpesviridae
5969:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5955:Herpesvirales
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5933:Peploviricota
5929:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5911:Duplodnaviria
5907:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5833:Tokiviricetes
5829:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:Taleaviricota
5818:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5787:dsDNA viruses
5782:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5760:
5753:
5748:
5746:
5741:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5635:(2): 365–72.
5634:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5486:(5): 1522–7.
5485:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5319:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5294:(4): 984–93.
5293:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5219:
5217:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5167:
5153:on 2007-05-06
5152:
5148:
5142:
5128:on 2007-09-27
5127:
5123:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5038:(1): 155–64.
5037:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5009:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:(2): 355–62.
4920:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4882:(12): 527–9.
4881:
4877:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4837:(1): 167–80.
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4721:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4494:
4493:RCSB: PDB-101
4490:
4484:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4383:(213): 32–6.
4382:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4342:(1): 229–33.
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4271:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4160:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:(2): 759–68.
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3778:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:(2): 587–96.
3745:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:(2): 603–11.
3427:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3391:(6): 355–62.
3390:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3361:on 2014-07-18
3360:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3136:(10): 432–8.
3135:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2980:
2974:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2297:
2295:
2294:keratinocytes
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:transcription
2201:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:pseudoviruses
2168:
2166:
2165:encapsidation
2160:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2128:
2125:
2124:vulval cancer
2121:
2117:
2116:penile cancer
2113:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
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1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
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1789:
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1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
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1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:Sex; contact
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
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1649:
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1637:
1634:
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1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
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1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
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1536:
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1525:
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1519:
1516:
1513:
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1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
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1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
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1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
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1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
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1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
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1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:Transmission
1109:
1107:Assembly site
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:Entry details
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1051:supported by
1050:
1046:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:keratinocytes
958:
955:
953:
947:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
901:
892:
888:
881:
874:
867:
861:
857:
851:
849:
844:
840:
831:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
790:
786:and European
785:
781:
780:urban legends
777:
776:
771:
767:
764:
755:
746:
741:
731:
727:
725:
720:
716:
712:
711:
710:Papovaviridae
706:
705:
700:
696:
691:
687:
684:, occasional
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
651:
642:
640:
639:sarcoma virus
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
566:
562:
558:
557:
544:
543:
539:
538:
537:
536:
532:
528:
527:
523:
521:
520:
516:
514:
513:
509:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
493:
492:
488:
486:
485:
481:
479:
478:
474:
472:
471:
467:
465:
464:
460:
458:
457:
453:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:
425:
423:
422:
418:
416:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
387:
383:
381:
380:
376:
374:
373:
369:
367:
366:
362:
360:
359:
355:
353:
352:
348:
346:
345:
341:
339:
338:
334:
332:
331:
327:
325:
324:
320:
318:
317:
313:
311:
310:
306:
304:
303:
299:
297:
296:
292:
290:
289:
285:
283:
282:
278:
276:
275:
271:
269:
268:
264:
262:
261:
257:
255:
254:
250:
248:
247:
243:
241:
240:
236:
234:
233:
229:
227:
226:
222:
220:
219:
215:
213:
212:
208:
206:
205:
201:
199:
198:
194:
192:
191:
187:
185:
184:
180:
178:
177:
173:
171:
170:
166:
165:
164:
163:
159:
158:
156:
151:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:Cossaviricota
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
9915:
9795:Speculoscopy
9732:HPV vaccines
9511:
9503:Ortervirales
9501:
9489:
9479:
9468:
9457:
9448:Pararnavirae
9446:
9435:
9383:Retroviridae
9381:
9374:
9367:
9360:
9352:Ortervirales
9350:
9339:
9328:
9319:Pararnavirae
9317:
9306:
9239:
9229:
9218:
9204:Xinmoviridae
9202:
9195:
9188:
9181:
9174:
9169:Nyamiviridae
9167:
9160:
9155:Lispiviridae
9153:
9146:
9141:Bornaviridae
9139:
9132:
9122:
9110:
9105:Myriaviridae
9103:
9096:
9089:
9084:Aliusviridae
9082:
9072:
9061:
9045:
9035:
9024:
9008:
9001:
8991:
8980:
8964:
8959:Tospoviridae
8957:
8950:
8943:
8936:
8931:Nairoviridae
8929:
8922:
8915:
8910:Hantaviridae
8908:
8901:
8896:Arenaviridae
8894:
8889:Cruliviridae
8887:
8879:Bunyavirales
8877:
8866:
8850:
8840:
8829:
8818:
8807:
8796:
8750:
8743:
8739:
8715:Astroviridae
8713:
8703:
8691:
8681:
8670:
8654:
8649:Barnaviridae
8647:
8640:
8630:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8578:Marnaviridae
8576:
8569:
8559:
8547:
8540:
8535:Olifoviridae
8533:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8505:
8498:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8456:
8446:
8435:
8426:Pisuviricota
8424:
8404:
8396:Ourlivirales
8394:
8385:Miaviricetes
8383:
8367:
8357:
8346:
8332:Narnaviridae
8330:
8320:
8309:
8293:
8288:Blumeviridae
8286:
8278:Timlovirales
8276:
8264:
8259:Fiersviridae
8257:
8250:
8243:
8235:Norzivirales
8233:
8222:
8211:
8191:
8186:Luteoviridae
8184:
8177:
8167:
8156:
8140:
8133:
8123:
8112:
8098:Flaviviridae
8096:
8086:
8075:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8021:
8011:Virgaviridae
8009:
8002:
7995:
7988:
7981:
7974:
7969:Bromoviridae
7967:
7957:
7945:
7938:
7931:
7924:
7914:
7903:
7892:
7881:
7870:
7824:
7820:
7813:
7808:Birnaviridae
7806:
7802:
7776:
7769:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7740:Durnavirales
7738:
7727:
7718:Pisuviricota
7716:
7698:Cystoviridae
7696:
7688:Mindivirales
7686:
7675:
7659:
7649:
7638:
7622:
7615:
7608:
7601:
7591:
7580:
7569:
7558:
7547:
7498:Spiraviridae
7496:
7489:
7482:
7478:
7444:
7434:
7423:
7414:Saleviricota
7412:
7401:
7377:
7370:
7360:
7349:
7333:
7325:Recrevirales
7323:
7311:
7304:
7296:Mulpavirales
7294:
7284:Smacoviridae
7282:
7274:Cremevirales
7272:
7262:Circoviridae
7260:
7252:Cirlivirales
7250:
7238:
7230:Baphyvirales
7228:
7217:
7206:
7188:Parvoviridae
7186:
7178:Piccovirales
7176:
7165:
7151:Bidnaviridae
7149:
7139:
7130:Mouviricetes
7128:
7117:
7108:Shotokuvirae
7106:
7084:Microviridae
7082:
7074:Petitvirales
7072:
7061:
7052:Phixviricota
7050:
7039:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6991:
6980:
6969:
6958:
6949:Monodnaviria
6947:
6905:
6900:Dinodnavirus
6898:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6861:Ovaliviridae
6859:
6852:
6847:Guttaviridae
6845:
6838:
6831:
6826:Clavaviridae
6824:
6817:
6810:
6806:
6784:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6742:
6731:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6672:
6661:
6650:
6639:
6615:
6605:
6595:Adenoviridae
6593:
6583:
6573:Tectiviridae
6571:
6561:
6551:Turriviridae
6549:
6539:
6528:
6512:
6502:
6491:
6475:
6465:
6454:
6443:
6423:
6418:Iridoviridae
6416:
6409:
6399:
6387:
6377:
6365:
6355:
6344:
6328:
6320:Chitovirales
6318:
6308:Asfarviridae
6306:
6296:
6285:
6274:
6265:Bamfordvirae
6263:
6254:Varidnaviria
6252:
6225:
6224:
6214:
6202:
6192:
6181:
6170:
6161:Shotokuvirae
6159:
6150:Monodnaviria
6148:
6120:
6115:Siphoviridae
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6045:Chaseviridae
6043:
6036:
6029:
6021:Caudovirales
6019:
6008:
5997:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5953:
5942:
5931:
5920:
5909:
5881:
5873:Primavirales
5871:
5859:
5852:
5842:
5831:
5820:
5809:
5798:
5721:
5677:
5669:
5668:ICTV Report
5667:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5583:
5579:
5569:
5542:
5538:
5528:
5483:
5479:
5469:
5427:(2): e4463.
5424:
5420:
5410:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5331:(5): 382–7.
5328:
5324:
5318:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5232:
5228:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5155:. Retrieved
5151:the original
5141:
5130:. Retrieved
5126:the original
5116:
5081:
5077:
5035:
5031:
5002:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4736:
4732:
4693:10.2741/1971
4687:: 2286–302.
4684:
4680:
4648:
4642:
4618:(2): 213–9.
4615:
4611:
4601:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:
4483:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4380:
4374:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4284:
4278:
4234:
4230:
4220:
4175:
4171:
4123:
4119:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4038:
4034:
4024:
4000:(2): 271–9.
3997:
3993:
3983:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3777:
3768:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3656:
3652:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3467:(11): 2889.
3464:
3460:
3450:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3363:. Retrieved
3359:the original
3348:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3100:
3090:
3063:
3059:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2951:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2877:
2873:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2788:
2782:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2680:(1): 131–5.
2677:
2673:
2663:
2639:(1): 17–27.
2636:
2632:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2489:
2478:
2476:
2466:
2460:
2432:
2423:HPV vaccines
2420:
2413:
2398:
2383:
2372:
2332:
2319:cytoskeleton
2311:
2303:
2266:
2242:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2196:
2194:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2120:oral cancers
2108:
1092:Host details
1081:desquamation
1077:inflammation
1069:cell nucleus
1066:
1058:
1056:production.
1038:
1019:. The viral
1014:
993:
964:
956:
952:HPV vaccines
948:
937:
925:HPV vaccines
906:
862:
852:
845:
841:
837:
828:
809:
798:
793:
789:Wolpertinger
787:
773:
768:
760:
743:
728:
708:
702:
698:
679:
656:
624:
589:
555:
554:
553:
540:
533:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
230:
223:
216:
209:
202:
195:
188:
181:
174:
167:
160:
145:
144:
133:
132:
121:
109:
98:Shotokuvirae
97:
86:Monodnaviria
85:
78:
68:(unranked):
33:
9994:iNaturalist
9940:Wikispecies
9369:Metaviridae
9148:Filoviridae
9134:Artoviridae
9047:Aspiviridae
8924:Mypoviridae
8903:Fimoviridae
8693:Potyviridae
8606:Secoviridae
8599:Iflaviridae
8542:Roniviridae
8448:Nidovirales
8369:Mitoviridae
8252:Duinviridae
8169:Tolivirales
8135:Nodaviridae
8061:Tymoviridae
8023:Tymovirales
8004:Togaviridae
7997:Mayoviridae
7990:Kitaviridae
7940:Hepeviridae
7933:Benyviridae
7764:Hypoviridae
7624:Totiviridae
7313:Nanoviridae
7141:Polivirales
7041:Sangervirae
6786:Nimaviridae
6768:Nudiviridae
6744:Lefavirales
6607:Vinavirales
6585:Rowavirales
6411:Ascoviridae
6389:Mimiviridae
6357:Algavirales
6298:Asfuvirales
6087:Podoviridae
5999:Uroviricota
5861:Rudiviridae
5811:Zilligvirae
4524:(12): 374.
4082:(1): 1–11.
3012:(1): 70–9.
2717:(23): 639.
2416:PDZ-domains
2379:zinc finger
2282:Bromodomain
2251:to exert a
2054:Vertebrates
2028:Vertebrates
2002:Vertebrates
1976:Vertebrates
1872:Vertebrates
1846:Vertebrates
1820:Vertebrates
1794:Vertebrates
1768:Vertebrates
1638:Vertebrates
1612:Vertebrates
1586:Vertebrates
1508:Vertebrates
1430:Vertebrates
1378:Vertebrates
1352:Vertebrates
1326:Vertebrates
1274:Vertebrates
1248:Vertebrates
1196:Vertebrates
1170:Vertebrates
1118:Vertebrates
933:environment
794:Oryctolagus
600:basal layer
594:and tissue-
573:vertebrates
568:DNA viruses
10055:Categories
9812:Colposcopy
9241:Yueviridae
9197:Sunviridae
9091:Chuviridae
8852:Qinviridae
8733:Unassigned
7796:Unassigned
7661:Reoviridae
7651:Reovirales
7472:Unassigned
7403:Trapavirae
7003:Inoviridae
6800:Unassigned
6778:Unassigned
6724:Unassigned
6330:Poxviridae
6080:Myoviridae
5157:2007-05-01
5132:2007-05-01
5008:"PDB 2I0I"
4498:2018-05-14
3365:2014-07-13
2561:References
2447:telomerase
2443:cell cycle
2409:telomerase
2394:DNA damage
2388:, a major
2323:cell cycle
2138:cell lines
1404:Cats; dogs
985:Life cycle
940:base pairs
929:antibodies
775:Sylvilagus
671:algorithms
631:papillomas
577:papillomas
9854:Treatment
9835:Koilocyte
9822:histology
9754:Screening
9711:skin tags
9694:Papilloma
9437:Riboviria
9308:Riboviria
8842:Muvirales
8798:Riboviria
7872:Riboviria
7549:Riboviria
6960:Loebvirae
5800:Adnaviria
5759:Baltimore
5678:Viralzone
4317:Q39186071
4301:1431-6730
3782:20(1):368
3540:206218507
3282:2133/9862
2492:disulfide
2439:apoptosis
2290:oncogenes
2273:promoters
2259:factors.
1742:Ruminants
1144:Porpoises
1021:oncogenes
1001:endosomes
895:Structure
834:Evolution
784:Jackalope
565:enveloped
93:Kingdom:
9931:Q9055203
9925:Wikidata
9762:Pap test
9742:Gardasil
9737:Cervarix
9592:diseases
8740:Families
7803:Families
7479:Families
6807:Families
5686:database
5651:15885736
5629:Virology
5610:15890910
5561:12560332
5520:16432208
5461:19214230
5421:PLOS ONE
5402:16641259
5353:22514962
5310:16500131
5207:15731267
5108:11077444
5078:Oncogene
5054:14675634
5032:Virology
4994:15564472
4896:15539109
4861:18945760
4812:21680515
4763:16611884
4711:16720315
4634:15110519
4612:Virology
4550:29211035
4475:24140249
4440:32266002
4389:23293230
4366:23299525
4313:Wikidata
4309:28315855
4261:30122350
4212:15383670
4150:16378978
4098:12667809
4076:Virology
4057:12202231
4035:Virology
4016:10497112
3994:Virology
3926:11152531
3877:10026203
3740:Virology
3724:19516265
3683:16227283
3581:21285031
3532:24686913
3422:Virology
3407:16331841
3340:12438579
3291:23997181
3240:27440877
3191:23711385
3169:Virology
3150:20739182
3096:Campo MS
3082:17344207
3036:20206957
3006:Virology
2963:26 March
2943:23723399
2894:15753007
2856:18854037
2805:16949995
2774:21910860
2696:18973915
2674:Virology
2655:15183049
2633:Virology
2609:29927370
2519:See also
2505:syntaxin
2479:in vitro
2381:motifs.
2339:oncogene
2253:helicase
2157:in vitro
2153:in vitro
2098:Contact
2072:Contact
2046:Contact
2020:Contact
1994:Contact
1968:Contact
1942:Contact
1916:Contact
1898:Hamsters
1890:Contact
1864:Contact
1838:Contact
1812:Contact
1786:Contact
1760:Contact
1734:Contact
1682:Contact
1656:Contact
1630:Contact
1604:Contact
1578:Contact
1552:Contact
1526:Contact
1500:Contact
1474:Contact
1448:Contact
1422:Contact
1396:Contact
1370:Contact
1344:Contact
1318:Contact
1292:Contact
1266:Contact
1240:Contact
1214:Contact
1188:Contact
1162:Contact
1136:Contact
997:vesicles
913:membrane
818:and the
805:sarcoids
141:Family:
105:Phylum:
9879:History
9820:Biopsy
9724:Vaccine
9669:plantar
9664:genital
9622:Vaginal
9612:cancers
9600:Cancers
9590:Related
5601:1112158
5511:1360554
5488:Bibcode
5452:2636891
5429:Bibcode
5393:1472072
5345:1654923
5269:9326658
5237:Bibcode
5198:1075713
5099:3072458
4945:3011404
4936:1166739
4852:2612334
4803:3147953
4754:1472016
4702:1472295
4593:1323879
4573:Bibcode
4565:Science
4541:5744149
4518:Viruses
4431:7110671
4357:3553541
4252:6128760
4180:Bibcode
4141:1346844
3975:9032382
3836:6276752
3827:4144041
3806:Bibcode
3760:1325697
3674:1262609
3630:8411343
3491:1319576
3442:2998027
3231:5021401
3027:3400342
2985:15 June
2934:3668007
2847:2571092
2830:: 118.
2789:Vaccine
2765:3179961
2748:: 436.
2723:9881444
2600:6171710
2405:NFX1-91
2095:Nucleus
2092:Nucleus
2069:Nucleus
2066:Nucleus
2043:Nucleus
2040:Nucleus
2017:Nucleus
2014:Nucleus
1991:Nucleus
1988:Nucleus
1965:Nucleus
1962:Nucleus
1950:Bovines
1939:Nucleus
1936:Nucleus
1924:Rodents
1913:Nucleus
1910:Nucleus
1887:Nucleus
1884:Nucleus
1861:Nucleus
1858:Nucleus
1835:Nucleus
1832:Nucleus
1809:Nucleus
1806:Nucleus
1783:Nucleus
1780:Nucleus
1757:Nucleus
1754:Nucleus
1731:Nucleus
1728:Nucleus
1705:Nucleus
1702:Nucleus
1679:Nucleus
1676:Nucleus
1653:Nucleus
1650:Nucleus
1627:Nucleus
1624:Nucleus
1601:Nucleus
1598:Nucleus
1575:Nucleus
1572:Nucleus
1549:Nucleus
1546:Nucleus
1523:Nucleus
1520:Nucleus
1497:Nucleus
1494:Nucleus
1482:Bovines
1471:Nucleus
1468:Nucleus
1445:Nucleus
1442:Nucleus
1419:Nucleus
1416:Nucleus
1393:Nucleus
1390:Nucleus
1367:Nucleus
1364:Nucleus
1341:Nucleus
1338:Nucleus
1315:Nucleus
1312:Nucleus
1300:Rabbits
1289:Nucleus
1286:Nucleus
1263:Nucleus
1260:Nucleus
1237:Nucleus
1234:Nucleus
1211:Nucleus
1208:Nucleus
1185:Nucleus
1182:Nucleus
1159:Nucleus
1156:Nucleus
1133:Nucleus
1130:Nucleus
1017:episome
999:called
944:histone
848:bonobos
719:species
602:of the
563:of non-
129:Order:
117:Class:
10038:600026
10025:151340
10012:106880
9999:746264
9705:Others
9632:Penile
9627:Vulvar
7821:Genera
6895:Genera
5649:
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3798:Nature
3758:
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3621:238076
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3331:136724
3328:
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2941:
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2607:
2597:
2080:Humans
1716:Horses
1664:Humans
1456:Humans
1222:Humans
909:capsid
715:genera
596:tropic
561:family
10033:WoRMS
10007:IRMNG
9768:stain
9654:Warts
9422:VII:
7534:III:
5349:S2CID
5260:23554
3536:S2CID
2509:ND-10
2501:actin
2497:furin
2463:BPV-4
2229:genes
2089:Lysis
2063:Lysis
2037:Lysis
2011:Lysis
1985:Lysis
1959:Lysis
1933:Lysis
1907:Lysis
1881:Lysis
1855:Lysis
1829:Lysis
1803:Lysis
1777:Lysis
1751:Lysis
1725:Lysis
1699:Lysis
1673:Lysis
1647:Lysis
1621:Lysis
1595:Lysis
1569:Lysis
1560:Birds
1543:Lysis
1534:Birds
1517:Lysis
1491:Lysis
1465:Lysis
1439:Lysis
1413:Lysis
1387:Lysis
1361:Lysis
1335:Lysis
1309:Lysis
1283:Lysis
1257:Lysis
1231:Lysis
1205:Lysis
1179:Lysis
1153:Lysis
1127:Lysis
1089:Genus
1073:lytic
1045:phase
663:genes
629:, or
627:warts
612:warts
592:host-
581:warts
559:is a
79:Realm
72:Virus
10020:NCBI
9986:6232
9981:GBIF
9973:8038
9674:flat
9617:Anal
9293:VI:
7857:IV:
6934:II:
5722:ICTV
5706:USA.
5647:PMID
5606:PMID
5557:PMID
5516:PMID
5457:PMID
5398:PMID
5341:PMID
5306:PMID
5265:PMID
5203:PMID
5104:PMID
5050:PMID
4990:PMID
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4892:PMID
4857:PMID
4808:PMID
4759:PMID
4707:PMID
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4385:PMID
4362:PMID
4305:PMID
4297:ISSN
4257:PMID
4231:Cell
4208:PMID
4146:PMID
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4012:PMID
3971:PMID
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3873:PMID
3832:PMID
3756:PMID
3720:PMID
3679:PMID
3626:PMID
3577:PMID
3528:PMID
3487:PMID
3438:PMID
3403:PMID
3336:PMID
3287:PMID
3236:PMID
3187:PMID
3146:PMID
3106:ISBN
3078:PMID
3032:PMID
2987:2015
2965:2019
2939:PMID
2890:PMID
2852:PMID
2801:PMID
2770:PMID
2719:PMID
2692:PMID
2651:PMID
2605:PMID
2503:and
2451:HeLa
2118:and
2057:None
2031:None
2005:None
1875:None
1823:None
1797:None
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1615:None
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1355:None
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1173:None
1121:None
1027:and
887:67.5
884:and
880:45.3
873:58.5
866:49.7
824:mice
724:taxa
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659:ICTV
9968:EoL
9960:DX7
9955:CoL
8783:V:
7521:RNA
5785:I:
5772:DNA
5637:doi
5633:337
5596:PMC
5588:doi
5547:doi
5543:278
5506:PMC
5496:doi
5484:103
5447:PMC
5437:doi
5388:PMC
5380:doi
5333:doi
5296:doi
5255:PMC
5245:doi
5193:PMC
5185:doi
5094:PMC
5086:doi
5040:doi
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4980:PMC
4972:doi
4931:PMC
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4884:doi
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4697:PMC
4689:doi
4653:doi
4620:doi
4616:322
4581:doi
4569:257
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4526:doi
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4247:PMC
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4235:174
4198:PMC
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4176:101
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4084:doi
4080:307
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3859:274
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3802:295
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3669:PMC
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3608:doi
3567:doi
3518:doi
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3430:doi
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3277:hdl
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3218:doi
3177:doi
3173:445
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2641:doi
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