Haplogroup N-M231 - Knowledge

1538:

on ancient DNA, the distribution of mtDNA B5b2 after 9500 years ago and prior to 4600 years ago in the direction of the Anhui and Jiangsu provinces from Shandong from the vicinity of the future Shandong Longshan Yinjiacheng site is shown in “Maternal genetic structure in ancient Shandong between 9500 and 1800 years ago”, while the existence of the local Paleolithic Northern East Asian substratum, represented by individuals of the basal died-out yDNA O-M164*, separating from the Southern East Asian yDNA O-M188 and contributing to yDNA C2-M217 ancestors of Altaic and Korean representatives, was shown in "Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years". Having occupied the position on the PCA between the Jiangsu Province’s and Anhui Province’s specimens, the basal yDNA N-M128/mtDNA B5b2 HGDP01293 individual became a participant of the uniform genetic cline, which spanned from Jiangsu and Anhui individuals to the Tai-speaking

1222:(2009) found N-Tat in 15.4% (4/26) of a sample from Södermanland, 12.5% (3/24) of a sample from Västmanland, 12.1% (4/33) of a sample from Uppsala, 7.8% (4/51) of a sample from Gothenburg, 7.0% (3/43) of a sample from Norrbotten, 6.8% (5/73) of a sample from Skåne, 6.6% (15/228) of a sample from Stockholm, 6.3% (3/48) of a sample from Sydnorrland, 6.3% (2/32) of a sample from Västerbotten, 6.3% (2/32) of a sample from Örebro, 5.9% (3/51) of a sample from Värmland/Dalarna, 5.4% (2/37) of a sample from Östra Götaland, and 5.1% (2/39) of a sample from southeastern Sweden (Kalmar, Gotland, Kronoberg, and Blekinge). They did not find any instance of N-Tat in their samples from Jönköping (0/28), Malmö (0/29), Halland (0/34), or Västra Götaland (0/75). 575: 625: 882:, LLY22g is problematic because it is a "palindromic marker and can easily be misinterpreted." Since then, the name N1 has been applied to a clade marked by a great number of SNPs, including CTS11499, Z4762, and CTS3750. N1 is the most recent common ancestor of all extant members of Haplogroup N-M231 except members of the rare N2-Y6503 (N2-B482) subclade. The TMRCA of N1 is estimated to be 18,000 years before present (16,300–19,700 BP; 95% CI). Since the revision of 2014, the position of many examples of "N1-LLY22g" within haplogroup N have become unclear. Therefore, it is better to check 109: 1698:(2018) have found N-P63, which appears to be roughly phylogenetically equivalent to N-B478, in 91.2% (31/34) Nganasan, 63.8% (30/47) Tundra Nenets, 42.7% (35/82) Forest Nenets, 14.0% (8/57) Dolgan, 7.0% (9/129) Selkup, 3.3% (3/91) Evenk, 2.7% (2/75) Mongol, 2.6% (2/78) Komi, 2.5% (2/80) Buryat, and 2.0% (2/98) Altai Kizhi. This haplogroup was not observed in samples of Yukaghir (0/10), Koryak (0/11), Teleut (0/40), Ket (0/44), Yakut (0/62), or Khanty (0/165) populations. 14841: 7577: 1713:: 60.9% (39/64) of a sample of Khanty from the village of Russkinskaya, Surgut district and 14.8% (8/54) of a sample of Khanty from the village of Kazym, Beloyarsky district. Five of the eight members from the village of Kazym share a subclade marked by the B172 and Z35108 SNPs with all previously surveyed Nenets men from the Vanuito phratry belonging to the Vanuito, Puiko and Yaungat clans and the Purungui clan of Khanty origin. 43: 866:) and N-F1101 (found mainly among East Asians). Furthermore, N-FT210118 has not been found in any living individual who has had his Y-DNA tested to date, and the estimated TMRCA of N-CTS6380 exceeds the estimated date of deposition of any of the specimens from the Shamanka site associated with the Kitoi culture, so it appears that the representatives of the Kitoi culture at Shamanka (or at least their Y-DNA) have gone 6916:

new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

1607:, and 25% (7/28) in a fourth sample of Khants. In Europe, the N-P43 types have their highest frequency of 20% among Volga-Uralic populations. The extreme western border of the spread of N-P43 is Finland, where this haplogroup occurs only at marginal frequency – 0.4%. Yet N-P43 is quite frequent among Vepsas (17.9%), a small Finnic population living in immediate proximity to Finns, Karelians and Estonians. 1839:. This sample is autosomally identical with the Neolithic Amur River Basin populations, of which Nivkh people are the closest modern representative. As the paper detected this ancestry in terminal Pleistocene USR1 specimen in Alaska, it is therefore, postulated that there was gene flow from Amur to America of a population belonging to a hypothetical Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Nivkh linguistic family. 1333: 1655:=181) and found that 31 of them (17.1%) belonged to N-P43; retested 174 of the individuals in this sample and found that 27 of them (15.5%) belonged to the N-B478 (Asian/northern Samoyedic) subclade of N-P43 and 2 of them (1.1%) belonged to the N-L1419 (European/Volga Finnic and Chuvash) subclade of N-P43 for a total of 29 (16.7%) N-P43. 1208:, 19.5% (8/41) of a sample from Västerbotten, 14.5% (8/55) of a sample from Uppsala, 10.0% (4/40) of a sample from Gotland, 9.5% (4/42) of a sample from Värmland, 7.3% (3/41) of a sample from Östergötland/Jönköping, 2.4% (1/41) of a sample from Blekinge/Kristianstad, and 2.2% (1/45) of a sample from Skaraborg. 14967:

The b2/b3 deletion in the AZFc region of the human Y-chromosome is a characteristic of Haplogroup N-M231 haplotypes. This deletion, however, appears to have occurred independently on four different occasions. Therefore this deletion should not be thought as a unique event polymorphism contributing to

857:

Among the ancient samples from the Baikal Early Neolithic Kitoi culture, one of the Shamanka II samples (DA250), dated to c. 6500 BP, was analyzed as NO1-M214 in the original study. However, this same specimen (DA250 or Shamanka 250) has subsequently been found to belong to N-FT210118, the same clade

6915:

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single

1670:

The TMRCA of N-B478 has been estimated to be 3,007 years before present. It is one of the most prevalent Y-DNA haplogroups among indigenous populations of northwestern Siberia: 69.0% (29/42) Nenets, 50.0% (25/50) Nganasan, 22.2% (12/54) Dolgan from Taymyr, 7.0% (3/43) Selkup, 1.6% (1/63) Ob-Ugrian.

1537:

between the Jiangsu Province’s and Anhui province’s specimens, but not far from the Shandong province’s mtDNA R11’B6>R11b specimen, while a later descendant of the yDNA N-M128 clade, belonging to mtDNA R11’B6>R11b, was reported from the ancient DNA of the Western Zhou Cemetery, tomb M18. Based

1249:

Miroslava Derenko and her colleagues noted that there are two subclusters within this haplogroup, both present in Siberia and Northern Europe, with different histories. The one that they labelled N3a1 first expanded in south Siberia and spread into Northern Europe. Meanwhile, the younger subcluster,

1154:

The mutations that define the subclade N-M46 are M46/Tat and P105. This is the most frequent subclade of N. It probably arose in a Northeast Asian population, because the oldest ancient samples comply with this genetic profile. N has experienced serial bottlenecks in Siberia and secondary expansions

1551:

Haplogroup N-P43 is defined by the presence of the marker P43. Additionally, haplogroup N-P43 is defined by a marker Y3214, which is shared with a younger yDNA O1b2-K14, distributed in Japan (YFull). It has been estimated to be approximately 4,000 to 5,500 years old (TMRCA 4,510 years, TMRCA 4,700

1542:

people, and from Jiangsu and Anhui individuals to the ancient individual WGM20, belonging to mtDNA M11, of the Yangshao Wanggou site, dated to 5000-5500 years ago, and this ancient age also encompassed ancient yDNA pre-N-M128 Mazongshan individuals and modern yDNA N-M128-affiliated Gansu Province’s

1398:

0.89% (Shanxi 1.83%, Henan 1.53%, Gansu 1.46%, Hebei 1.41%, Shaanxi 1.40%, Tianjin 1.38%, Shandong 1.17%, Beijing 1.14%, Inner Mongolia 1.13%, Heilungjiang 1.12%, Liaoning 1.12%, Fujian 1.12%, Anhui 0.93%, Jilin 0.86%, Ningxia 0.82%, Jiangsu 0.81%, Yunnan 0.79%, Hubei 0.77%, Zhejiang 0.73%, Taiwan

10000:

A. T. Agdzhoyan, E. V.Balanovska, A. D. Padyukova, D. O. Dolinina, M. A. Kuznetsova, V. V. Zaporozhchenko, R. A. Skhalyaho, S. M. Koshel, M. K. Zhabagin, Y. M. Yusupov, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, M. V. Ulyanova, Z. A. Tychinskih, M. B. Lavryashina, and O. P. Balanovsky (2016), "The Gene Pool of Siberian

1721:

Haplogroup N1b has been predominantly found in the Yi people, a Tibeto-Burman speaking ethnic group in southwestern China who originated from ancient Qiang tribes in northwestern China. However, it also has been found in people all over China (where they account for approximately 3.62% of the

8236:

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik

1543:

individuals, who appeared to be included on the mentioned genetic cline closer to the ancient Henan province’s specimens of the Longshan period ca. 4000 years ago, than to the more genetically basal ancient individual WGM20 of the Yangshao Wanggou site, dated to 5000-5500 years ago.

798:

Y-chromosomes belonging to N1b-F2930/M1881/V3743, or N1*-CTS11499/L735/M2291(xN1a-F1206/M2013/S11466), have been found in China (where they account for approximately 3.62% of all Y-DNA) and sporadically throughout other parts of Eurasia. The N-CTS6128/M2048 and N-P43 subclades of

1805:

Lineages that belong to N-Y6503(xP189) and are only distantly related (with a time to most recent common ancestor estimated to be greater than 10,000 years before present) to the aforementioned members of N-P189 have been found in an individual from the present-day

1762:

N-Y7310 (or N-F14667) subsumes N-FGC28435 and likewise probably descends from a common ancestor who has lived some time in the first half of the last millennium. However, members of N-Y7310(xFGC28435) exhibit a greater geographic range, including an individual from

12518:

Chen J, He G, Ren Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Zhang H, Ji J, Zhao J, Guo J, Zhu K, Yang X, Wang R, Ma H, Wang C-C and Huang J (2021), "Genomic Insights Into the Admixture History of Mongolic- and Tungusic-Speaking Populations From Southwestern East Asia."

1734:

N2 (Y6503/FGC28528; B482/FGC28394/Y6584) – a primary branch of haplogroup N-M231, is now represented mainly by a subclade, N-FGC28435, that has spread probably some time in the first half of the second millennium CE and that has been found in individuals from

7436:

The b2/b3 deletion in the AZFc region of the Y-chromosome appears to have occurred independently on at least four different occasions. Therefore, this deletion should not be taken as a unique event polymorphism defining this branch of the Y-chromosome tree

1627:. There appears to be a cline through the Sagai (another Turkic-speaking ethnic group that is now considered to be a constituent of the Khakas people), with 46.2% (55/119) of Sagai sampled from Ust'–Es', Esino, Ust'–Chul', and Kyzlas settlements of 1810:

and probably also in an archaeological specimen attributed to the Iron Age Mezőcsát culture of what is now Hungary (approx. 2,900 years before present) and in an archaeological specimen attributed to the Kitoi culture of ceramic-using

434:

6.58% (4.41% to 12%) 12% Koreans, 6.58% Koreans from KPGP(Korean Genome Project), 6.9% Jeju 6.4% Gochang 6.3% Gangwon 5.7% North Korean 4.8% Gyeongsang, 4.4% Jeolla, 4.2% Chungcheong, 4.0% Seoul, 3.0% Daejeon, 1.8% Seoul-Gyeonggi,

11157:

KS Jeong; HJ Shin; SJ Lee; HS Kim; JY Kim; MS Han; YH Lee; KW Park; BW Chun (2018). "Genetic characteristics of Y-chromosome short tandem repeat haplotypes from cigarette butt samples presumed to be smoked by North Korean men".

4674:

Finland (Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Western Finland Province, Oulu Province, Lapland Province), Sweden (Norrbotten County, Västerbotten County, Dalarna County, Värmland County, Skåne County), Russia

11326:

Ashirbekov EE, Botbaev DM, Belkozhaev AM, Abayldaev AO, Neupokoeva AS, Mukhataev JE, et al. (2017). "Distribution of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups of the Kazakh from the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and Almaty Regions".

10475:

Kharkov, V. N.; Khamina, K. V.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Simonova, K. V.; Eremina, E. R.; Stepanov, V. A. (2014). "Gene pool of Buryats: Clinal variability and territorial subdivision based on data of Y-chromosome markers".

10313:

Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova GA, Wozniak M, Dambueva I, Dorzhu C, et al. (January 2006). "Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions".

1610:

Haplogroup N-P43 also has been observed with very high frequency (26/29 = 89.7% of a sample from the settlement of Topanov and 19/22 = 86.4% of a sample from the settlement of Malyi Spirin) in samples of Kachins, a

9957:

Khar’kov, V. N.; Khamina, K. V.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Shtygasheva, O. V.; Stepanov, V. A. (2011). "Genetic diversity of the Khakass gene pool: Subethnic differentiation and the structure of Y-chromosome haplogroups".

1794:). The most recent common ancestor of all the aforementioned extant N-P189 lineages has been estimated to be 4,900 (95% CI 5,700 <-> 4,100) years before present. An archaeological specimen attributed to the 13605: 802:

N2-Y6503, the other primary subclade of haplogroup N, is extremely rare and is mainly represented among extant humans by a recently formed subclade that is virtually restricted to the countries making up the

1299:

N1a2a-M128 and N1a2b-B523/P43 are estimated to share a most recent common ancestor in N1a2-F1008/L666 approximately 8,600 years before present, 9,200 years before present, or 9,314 years before present.

1138:

The N1a2-F1008/L666 clade and N1a1-M46/Page70/Tat are estimated to share a most recent common ancestor in N1a-F1206/M2013/S11466 approximately 15,900 years before present or 17,621 years before present.

1421:(1/23 = 4.3%) and in a sample from Central Asia and Siberia (1/184 = 0.5%) in a preliminary survey of worldwide Y-DNA variation. Subsequently, it has been found with low frequency in some samples of the 11446:

Wen SQ, Du PX, Sun C, Cui W, Xu YR, Meng HL, et al. (March 2022). "Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru'un Mongolian Y chromosomes".

12981:"Relationship of the gene pool of the Khants with the peoples of Western Siberia, Cis-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Region according to the data on the polymorphism of autosomic locus and the Y-chromosome" 10997:

Lappalainen T, Hannelius U, Salmela E, von Döbeln U, Lindgren CM, Huoponen K, et al. (January 2009). "Population structure in contemporary Sweden--a Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA analysis".

835:

Y-chromosomes that display the M231 mutation that defines Haplogroup N-M231, but do not display the CTS11499, L735, M2291 mutations that define Haplogroup N1 are said to belong to paragroup N-M231*.

14022:

In this article, the "Southern Han" sample of Karafet and Hammer's research group is described as originating from Guangdong, and the "Northern Han" sample is described as originating from Shaanxi.

862:

to N-CTS6380, this latter being the most recent common ancestor of present-day N-P43 (found mainly among Maris, Udmurts, Komis, Chuvashes, Tatars, Nenets, Nganasans, Khanty, Mansi, Khakas, Tuvans,

1846:

in northeastern China, and in the circum-Baikal area of southern Siberia. It is suggested that yDNA N, reached southern Siberia from 12 to 14 kya. From there it reached southern Europe 8-10kya.

10267:

Pliss L, Timša L, Rootsi S, Tambets K, Pelnena I, Zole E, et al. (November 2015). "Y-Chromosomal Lineages of Latvians in the Context of the Genetic Variation of the Eastern-Baltic Region".

1230:

The subclade N-M178 is defined by the presence of markers M178 and P298. N-M178* has higher average frequency in Northern Europe than in Siberia, reaching frequencies of approximately 60% among

3033: 3023: 3013: 11656:

Ochiai, Eriko; Minaguchi, Kiyoshi; Nambiar, Phrabhakaran; Kakimoto, Yu; et al. (September 2016). "Evaluation of Y chromosomal SNP haplogrouping in the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity Panel".

1533:

According to "The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene", the basal yDNA N-M128/mtDNA B5b2 HGDP01293 individual occupied a position on the

13322:

Wang, Ling-Xiang; Lu, Yan; Zhang, Chao; Wei, Lan-Hai; et al. (October 2018). "Reconstruction of Y-chromosome phylogeny reveals two neolithic expansions of Tibeto-Burman populations".

1639:

of southern Khakassia belonging to this haplogroup. However, other researchers' samples of Khakas people have exhibited only moderate frequencies of N-P43 or potential N-P43. Derenko

878:

In 2014, there was a major change in the definition of subclade N1, when LLY22g was retired as the main defining SNP for N1 because of reports of LLY22g's unreliability. According to

14350:

Pakendorf B, Morar B, Tarskaia LA, Kayser M, Soodyall H, Rodewald A, Stoneking M (February 2002). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a strong reduction in male population size of Yakuts".

14313:

Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Grzybowski T, Lunkina A, Czarny J, Rychkov S, et al. (December 2004). "Differentiation of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes in Russian populations".

1647:=53) collected in the settlements of Askiz, Shirinsk, Beisk and Ordzhonikidzevsk districts of Khakass Republic and found that 15 of them (28.3%) belonged to N-LLY22g(xTat). Rootsi 1726:) and in some individuals from Spain, Ecuador, Poland, Belarus, Russia, Iraq, India, Kazakhstan, Korea, Japan, Bhutan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. 11250:

Balanovska EV, Bogunov YV, Kamenshikova EN, Balaganskaya OA, Agdzhoyan AT, Bogunova AA, et al. (October 2018). "Demographic and genetic portraits of the Ulchi population".

6024:

Nenets, Nganasans, Dolgans, Tuvans, Todzhins, Khakasses, Shorians, Evens, Altaians, Selkups, Evenks, Mongols (Sart-Kalmak, Torgut, Derbet, Buryat), Yakuts, Ob-Ugrians, Chuvashes

1399:

0.70%, Sichuan 0.54%, Hunan 0.52%, Chongqing 0.51%, Guizhou 0.51%, Guangdong 0.45%, Hainan 0.43%, Xinjiang 0.43%, Shanghai 0.36%, Jiangxi 0.34%, Guangxi 0.23%, Qinghai 0.18%),

632:

Haplogroup N has a wide geographic distribution throughout northern Eurasia, and it also has been observed occasionally in other areas, including Central Asia and the Balkans.

7019: 4968:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province, Lapland Province), Russia (Leningrad Oblast), Sweden (Värmland County)

14132:

Katoh, Toru; Munkhbat, Batmunkh; Tounai, Kenichi; Mano, Shuhei; et al. (2005-02-14). "Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis".

8072: 799:

N1a-F1206/M2013/S11466 are found in high numbers in Northern Eurasia; however, members of N1a-F1206(xCTS6128, P43) are currently found mainly in northern China and Korea.

7501: 7263: 7080: 14712:

Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective",

7324: 7202: 7141: 14172: 7680: 7670: 11541:

Nonaka, I; Minaguchi, K; Takezaki, N (July 2007). "Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups in the Japanese population and their relationship to 16 Y-STR polymorphisms".

8099:

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".

1603:, 57% (64/112) in another sample of Khants, 54% (27/50) in another sample of Nganasan, 45% (40/89) in a sample of Forest Nenets, 38% (18/47) in a third sample of 7767: 7750: 795:). Nearly all members of haplogroup N among these populations of northern Eurasia belong to subclades of either haplogroup N-CTS6128/M2048 or haplogroup N-P43. 1189:. This was confirmed by a study of ancient DNA which traced the origins of the male Yakut lineages to a small group of horse-riders from the Cis-Baikal area. 11405:

Shuhu LI, Yilihamu NI, Bake RA, Bupatima AB, Matyusup DO (March 2018). "A study of genetic diversity of three isolated populations in Xinjiang using Y-SNP".

11204:

Park MJ, Lee HY, Yang WI, Shin KJ (July 2012). "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea--relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses".

11122:

Soon Hee Kim; Byung Won Chun; Jongwoo Jung; Brian M. Kemp; et al. (July 2005). "A preliminary study on the origin of Koreans based on Y-STR variation".

10240:

Bogunov, Y.V.; Maltseva, O.V.; Bogunova, A.A.; Balanovskaya, E.V. (2015). "The Nanai Clan Samar: The Structure of Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers1".

7758: 12030: 7491: 1671:

It is also quite prevalent among populations of Central Siberia, Southern Siberia, and Mongolia: 17.9% (17/95) Tuvan, 15.5% (27/174) Khakas, 13.0% (6/46)

7917: 7910: 7903: 1113: 9895:"Investigating the prehistory of Tungusic peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri region with complete mtDNA genome sequences and Y-chromosomal markers" 15321: 8026: 8021: 12863:"High levels of Y-chromosome differentiation among native Siberian populations and the genetic signature of a boreal hunter-gatherer way of life" 858:

as the other haplogroup N specimens from the same site (besides DA247, who belongs to N-Y147969). N-FT210118 is derived from N-L666/N-F2199 but

1087:

One individual who belongs either to N* or N1* has been found in a sample of 77 males from Kathmandu, Nepal (1/77 = 1.3% N-M231(xM128,P43,Tat))

10538:"Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians" 10757:"Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia" 6910: 1109: 14793:

Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA, Jin L, et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations".

14946: 14928: 887: 14536: 7506: 1119: 9833:"Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia" 1835:, China dating back to 7430–7320 years ago (Phase II of the Early Neolithic) has been found to belong to Y-DNA haplogroup N and mtDNA 15336: 12249:"Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations" 244:

46.2% (20% Hezhe in the PRC, 44.6% Nanai in Russia, 83.8% members of the Samar clan in the Gorin area of the Khabarovsk Territory),

14679:"Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages" 4950:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province, Lapland Province), Russia (

15351: 8077: 13534:"Human migration through bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum revealed by Y chromosomes" 1658:

Haplogroup N-P43 forms two distinctive subclusters of STR haplotypes, Asian and European, the latter mostly distributed among

12575:"Ancient Y-DNA with reconstructed phylogeny provides insights into the demographic history of paternal haplogroup N1a2-F1360" 10050:"Northwest Siberian Khanty and Mansi in the junction of West and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed by uniparental markers" 628:

Projected distributions of haplogroup N sub-haplogroups. (A) N*-M231, (B) N1*-LLY22g, (C) N1a-M128, (D) N1b-P43, (E) N1c-M46.

472: 468: 13952:

Hu, Kang; Yan, Shi; Liu, Kai; Ning, Chao; et al. (2015-04-24). "The dichotomy structure of Y chromosome Haplogroup N".

11598:"Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Japanese population using short amplicons and its application in forensic analysis" 10609:"Extended Y chromosome investigation suggests postglacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route" 3584: 2922: 4456: 17: 14571:"A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" 10378:"High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea" 1859:

In the following tree the nomenclature of three sources is separated by slashes: ISOGG Tree 10 December 2017 (ver.12.317)

13261: 12920:"The western and eastern roots of the Saami--the story of genetic "outliers" told by mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes" 1691:(Kalmykia), 0.9% (1/111) Buryat. A geographically outlying member has been found in a sample of Chuvash (1/114 = 0.88%). 1407:

0.3% (Tokushima 3.5%, Ibaraki 2.0%, Hiroshima 1.3%, Nagoya 1.0%, Osaka 0.2%, Tokyo 0.0%, Shizuoka 0.0%, Yamaguchi 0.0%),

15361: 13439: 10955:"[Genetic analysis of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA poly-morphism of Mulam ethnic group in Guangxi, China]" 13976: 13903: 13785: 12924: 12539:[A brief introduction to the paternal haplogroup and ethnic origin composition of the Manchu people in China]. 9730: 13247: 7561: 7496: 7471: 5753: 574: 501: 86: 14434:"Analyses of genetic structure of Tibeto-Burman populations reveals sex-biased admixture in southern Tibeto-Burmans" 68: 15376: 13600: 13262:"Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences" 12579: 5434: 5406: 14173:"Gene pool differences between northern and southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups" 11492:"Joint Genetic Analyses of Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Molecular Markers for a Population from Northwest China" 8218:

Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

6430:

Found all over China but especially in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Anhui, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu

5416: 1178:

from Laos, 2.4% (2/85) of a sample from Seoul, South Korea, and in 1.4% (1/70) of a sample from Tokushima, Japan.

14093: 7551: 4817:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Western Finland Province), Sweden (Västra Götaland County, Västmanland County)

2247: 1515:

A neolithic sample brn002 (~5,940 BP) in Trans-Baikal was discovered to be an early offshoot upstream of N-M128.

1383: 13663: 10025: 4916:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province, Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province), Norway (

3640:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province), Sweden (

1675:, 8.7% (2/23) Shor, 8.3% (2/24) Even, 8.2% (5/61) Altaian, 5.3% (3/57) Evenk, 5.0% (19/381) Mongol, 4.9% (3/61) 1599:, 75% (44/59) in a sample of Tundra Nenets, 69% (29/42) in another sample of Nenets, 60% (15/25) in a sample of 1587:

The highest frequencies of N-P43 are observed among north-west Siberian populations: 92% (35/38) in a sample of

807:(Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro), Hungary and Austria. Other members of N2-Y6503 include a 515:. It also has been observed at lower frequencies in populations native to other regions, including parts of the 15330: 624: 505: 53: 13896:"human y chromosome haplogroup: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families" 11287:"Genetic evidence of paleolithic colonization and neolithic expansion of modern humans on the tibetan plateau" 1283:(brn008, N1a1a1*-L708; brn003, N1a1a1a1*-M2126) between 8,000 and 6,000 YBP. Downstream samples were found in 10904:

Mirabal S, Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Verbenko DA, et al. (October 2009).

10850:"Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China" 6045: 1710: 14750:"Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age" 12306:

Kılınç GM, Kashuba N, Koptekin D, Bergfeldt N, Dönertaş HM, Rodríguez-Varela R, et al. (January 2021).

8264:

Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

14028:

Karafet, Tatiana M; Mendez, Fernando L; Meilerman, Monica B; Underhill, Peter A; et al. (2008-04-02).

11885:

de Barros Damgaard P, Martiniano R, Kamm J, Moreno-Mayar JV, Kroonen G, Peyrot M, et al. (June 2018).

11721:"Genetic evidence of an East Asian origin and paleolithic northward migration of Y-chromosome haplogroup N" 8273:

Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

2743: 2733: 1798:

of northern Kazakhstan and dated to the latter half of the fourth millennium BCE belongs to N-P189*, being

1534: 1084:(1/523 = 0.2%) In Turkey, the total of subclades of haplogroup N-M231 amounts to 4% of the male population. 14569:

Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001).

13165:

Gamba, Cristina; Jones, Eppie R.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; McLaughlin, Russell L.; et al. (2014-10-21).

7529: 1417:

This subclade is defined by the presence of the marker M128. N-M128 was first identified in a sample from

893:

However, in older studies, N-LLY22g has been reported to reach a frequency of up to 30% (13/43) among the

612:. The apparent dearth of haplogroup N-M231 amongst Native American peoples indicates that it spread after 14217:

Kim W, Yoo TK, Kim SJ, Shin DJ, Tyler-Smith C, Jin HJ, et al. (January 2007). Blagosklonny M (ed.).

14180: 14171:

Khar'kov VN, Stepanov VA, Medvedeva OF, Spiridonova MG, Voevoda MI, Tadinova VN, et al. (May 2007).

3437: 2312: 2210: 2085: 14852: 12861:

Karafet, Tatiana M.; Osipova, Ludmila P; Gubina, Marina A; Posukh, Olga L; et al. (December 2002).

10030:

03.02.07 and "АВТОРЕФЕРАТ диссертации на соискание учёной степени доктора биологических наук, Tomsk 2012

9723:"A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe" 14677:

Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001).

13098:

de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; et al. (May 9, 2018).

12115:"Y Chromosome analysis of prehistoric human populations in the West Liao River Valley, Northeast China" 11597: 6594: 2888: 1308: 10132:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations" 7389:

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

4910:

Finland (Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province, Western Finland Province)

4668:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province, Oulu Province)

1635:

only 13.6% (11/81) of Sagai sampled from Matur, Anchul', Bol'shaya Seya, and Butrakhty settlements of

14614:

Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001).

14030:"New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree" 13847: 13737: 13596: 7456: 5095: 4833: 4583: 4414: 3686: 3127: 14219:"Lack of association between Y-chromosomal haplogroups and prostate cancer in the Korean population" 14088: 13728:

Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Denisova, Galina; Wozniak, Marcin; et al. (2007-08-17).

13532:

Cai, Xiaoyun; Qin, Zhendong; Wen, Bo; Xu, Shuhua; et al. (2011-08-31). O'Rourke, Dennis (ed.).

10130:

Tambets K, Yunusbayev B, Hudjashov G, Ilumäe AM, Rootsi S, Honkola T, et al. (September 2018).

2494:, L1025 has highest share among N-M231 clades in previously mentioned populations. Also observed in 13671: 12119: 11543: 11346:

Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, Kutanan W (2017).

10807:

Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Denisova G, Khoyt S, Woźniak M, Grzybowski T, Zakharov I (December 2013).

10755:

Balinova N, Post H, Kushniarevich A, Flores R, Karmin M, Sahakyan H, et al. (September 2019).

7740: 6274: 4772: 4762: 4513: 4509: 4410: 4396: 4376: 3696: 3275: 3139: 2937: 2878: 2356: 2166: 2132: 1166:. However, N-M46 is present with much lower frequency among many of the Yakuts' neighbors, such as 1123: 604:, migrating in a counter-clockwise path, to eventually become concentrated in areas as far away as 451:

1.6%, Argyn 2.0%, Alimuly 2.5%, Ysty 3.5%, Baiuly 3.9%, Alban 4.3%, Qongyrat 7.4%, Qypshaq 10.3%,

14270:

Lappalainen T, Laitinen V, Salmela E, Andersen P, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, Lahermo P (May 2008).

3242: 2546: 15325: 13835: 13370:"Exome and genome sequencing of nasopharynx cancer identifies NF-κB pathway activating mutations" 12867: 9446:"Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences" 7943: 4428:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province), Sweden (

4044: 3975: 636: 64: 13662:

Crubézy, Eric; Amory, Sylvain; Keyser, Christine; Bouakaze, Caroline; et al. (2010-01-25).

10536:

Dulik MC, Zhadanov SI, Osipova LP, Askapuli A, Gau L, Gokcumen O, et al. (February 2012).

9444:

Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, Willems TF, Massaia A, Wilson Sayres MA, et al. (June 2016).

7932: 7924: 7664: 6590: 6486: 3957: 3117: 2947: 1744: 1069: 13969:"Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes" 13776:

Gayden, Tenzin; Cadenas, Alicia M; Regueiro, Maria; Singh, Nanda B; et al. (2007-04-04).

8174:

F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

3619: 3481: 2898: 2588: 2327: 2220: 2189: 2149: 2136: 2112: 15341: 14543: 13377: 13174: 12631:"The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene" 9831:

Fedorova SA, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Metspalu M, Rootsi S, Tambets K, et al. (June 2013).

7994: 7840: 5964: 2995: 2800: 2651: 2617: 1827:

A sample excavated at the Houtaomuga site in the Yonghe neighborhood of Honggangzi Township,

1799: 1768: 1659: 1581: 1182: 859: 748: 582: 155: 11783:

Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Wilson Sayres MA, Järve M, Talas UG, et al. (April 2015).

11596:

Harayama, Yuta; Kamei, Sayako; Sato, Noriko; Hayashi, Tokutaro; et al. (January 2014).

10026:, "СТРУКТУРА И ФИЛОГЕОГРАФИЯ ГЕНОФОНДА КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СИБИРИ ПО МАРКЕРАМ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ," 2569: 2412: 1722:

country's male population and are mainly distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui,

1564:, and it also has been observed with low to moderate frequency among speakers of some other 15356: 14721: 14230: 13680: 13614: 13547: 13386: 13183: 13113: 12979:

Kharkov, V.N.; Kolesnikov, N.A.; Valikhova, L.V.; Zarubin, A.A.; et al. (March 2023).

12788: 12773:

Wang, Hongru; Yang, Melinda A.; Wangdue, Shargan; Lu, Hongliang; et al. (2023-03-15).

12737: 12323: 12260: 12128: 11732: 11359: 10678: 9906: 9844: 8033: 7952: 7887: 7831: 7816: 7802: 7723: 7695: 3131: 1836: 597: 456: 407: 60: 31: 14632: 14615: 14477:"Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times" 13968: 13895: 13840:"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes" 13777: 10665:

Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013).

9792:"Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations" 6458:

Hong Kong, mainland China (esp. Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Beijing, Jiangsu, and Sichuan)

3191: 2829: 1512:

were found to belong to a sister branch (or branches) of N-M128 under paragroup N-F1154*.

8: 14527: 13046: 12862: 11857: 11785:"A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture" 7544: 7476: 4752: 4331: 4235: 3715: 3480:

Finland (Lapland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Southern Finland Province), Sweden (

3109: 2699: 1636: 712: 14725: 14387:

Sirak K, Fernandes D, Cheronet O, Harney E, Mah M, Mallick S, et al. (March 2020).

14234: 13684: 13618: 13551: 13390: 13187: 13117: 13015: 12980: 12817: 12792: 12774: 12741: 12533: 12327: 12264: 12132: 11887:"The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia" 11736: 11363: 10682: 9910: 9848: 7590:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5981: 4650:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province), United States (Washington)

3641: 2422: 1158:

In Siberia, haplogroup N-M46 reaches a maximum frequency of approximately 90% among the

14818: 14776: 14749: 14597: 14570: 14501: 14476: 14458: 14433: 14415: 14388: 14375: 14338: 14301: 14253: 14218: 14205: 14159: 14120: 14084: 14071: 14058: 14029: 14013: 14000: 13953: 13940: 13874: 13822: 13809: 13764: 13716: 13703: 13650: 13637: 13583: 13570: 13533: 13422: 13409: 13368:

Li, Yvonne Y; Chung, Grace T Y; Lui, Vivian W Y; To, Ka-Fai; et al. (2017-01-18).

13347: 13304: 13291: 13219: 13206: 13147: 13028: 13002: 12961: 12948: 12919: 12892: 12606: 12344: 12307: 12283: 12248: 12164: 12151: 12114: 12018: 11911: 11886: 11809: 11784: 11755: 11720: 11681: 11638: 11578: 11518: 11491: 11472: 11382: 11347: 11267: 11229: 11183: 11139: 11074: 11022: 10930: 10905: 10876: 10849: 10781: 10756: 10701: 10666: 10562: 10537: 10501: 10404: 10377: 10339: 10292: 10158: 10131: 10079: 9983: 9929: 9894: 9867: 9832: 9757: 9470: 9445: 8124: 7962: 7636: 7619: 6238: 5977: 5471: 5192: 5168: 4935:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province)

4904:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province)

4737: 4710: 4335: 3746: 3597:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province, Southern Finland Province), Estonia (

1911: 1620: 1557: 1250:

which they labelled N3a2, originated in south Siberia (probably in the Baikal region).

249: 197: 185: 14662: 13927: 12247:

Dulik MC, Owings AC, Gaieski JB, Vilar MG, Andre A, Lennie C, et al. (May 2012).

10906:"Y-chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia" 8141: 3536: 3441: 2647: 2613: 30:

This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. For the human mtDNA haplogroup, see

14981:

This table shows historic names for N-M46 (AKA N-Tat) from peer reviewed literature.

14810: 14781: 14748:

Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999).

14737: 14700: 14666: 14637: 14602: 14506: 14463: 14420: 14367: 14330: 14293: 14288: 14271: 14258: 14197: 14151: 14112: 14063: 14005: 13932: 13866: 13814: 13756: 13708: 13642: 13575: 13414: 13339: 13296: 13260:

Lippold, Sebastian; Xu, Hongyang; Ko, Albert; Li, Mingkun; et al. (2014-09-24).

13211: 13151: 13139: 13032: 13020: 12953: 12884: 12822: 12804: 12755: 12662: 12654: 12610: 12598: 12534:"Zhōngguó mǎnzú qúntǐ fùxì dān bèi qún jí mínzú xiě tǒng gòuchéng qíngkuàng jiǎnjiè" 12349: 12288: 12156: 11916: 11814: 11760: 11673: 11630: 11570: 11556: 11523: 11476: 11464: 11387: 11308: 11221: 11187: 11175: 11066: 11026: 11014: 11010: 10976: 10935: 10881: 10830: 10786: 10706: 10630: 10567: 10493: 10409: 10331: 10284: 10163: 10071: 9975: 9934: 9893:

Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, Spitsyn V, et al. (2013).

9872: 9813: 9749: 9475: 8193: 8116: 8054: 8049: 8040: 7983: 7974: 7894: 7865: 7825: 7783: 7735: 7653: 7451: 6872: 4877:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province), Norway (Oslo), United States (Virginia, Arkansas)

4543: 4366: 4356: 4321: 3485: 3357: 2108: 1843: 1787: 1776: 1628: 1553: 1450: 1258: 1254: 1092: 1023: 1013: 804: 760: 600:. Males carrying the marker apparently moved northwards as the climate warmed in the 586: 484: 193: 14822: 14379: 14342: 14305: 14163: 14075: 14017: 13944: 13826: 13768: 13720: 13654: 13426: 13351: 13308: 13223: 13099: 12965: 12168: 11685: 11642: 11271: 11233: 11078: 10505: 10343: 10296: 10083: 9987: 9761: 8128: 6450:

China (esp. Zhejiang, but also Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Beijing)

4400: 2973: 2747: 2719: 14802: 14771: 14761: 14729: 14690: 14658: 14627: 14592: 14582: 14496: 14488: 14453: 14445: 14410: 14400: 14359: 14322: 14283: 14248: 14238: 14189: 14143: 14124: 14102: 14053: 14043: 13995: 13985: 13922: 13912: 13878: 13856: 13804: 13794: 13746: 13698: 13688: 13632: 13622: 13587: 13565: 13555: 13404: 13394: 13331: 13286: 13276: 13201: 13191: 13129: 13121: 13104: 13010: 12992: 12943: 12933: 12896: 12876: 12812: 12796: 12779: 12745: 12728: 12644: 12588: 12339: 12331: 12278: 12268: 12146: 12136: 11906: 11898: 11804: 11796: 11750: 11740: 11669: 11665: 11620: 11616: 11612: 11582: 11560: 11552: 11513: 11503: 11456: 11377: 11367: 11298: 11259: 11213: 11167: 11143: 11131: 11121: 11108:, "Korean Genome Project: 1094 Korean personal genomes with clinical information." 11056: 11006: 10966: 10925: 10917: 10871: 10861: 10820: 10776: 10768: 10696: 10686: 10620: 10557: 10549: 10485: 10399: 10389: 10323: 10276: 10249: 10153: 10143: 10061: 10048:

Pimenoff VN, Comas D, Palo JU, Vershubsky G, Kozlov A, Sajantila A (October 2008).

9967: 9924: 9914: 9862: 9852: 9803: 9739: 9721:; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Baldovic, Marian; Kayser, Manfred; et al. (2006-12-06). 9465: 9457: 8108: 8016: 7774: 7728: 6845: 6745: 5920: 5649: 5424: 4951: 4676: 4429: 4116: 4100: 4063: 3796: 3560: 3550: 3399: 3311: 3162: 2408: 2251: 2179: 2075: 1612: 1577: 1565: 1288: 1280: 1103: 1041:(0/50 Northern to 5/96 = 5.2% Southern, or 0/43 Beshpeltir to 5/46 = 10.9% Kulada), 949: 764: 716: 684: 640: 14733: 14209: 13967:

Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (2001-07-30).

13891: 13369: 6192: 4433: 2089: 1307:(ceramic-using hunter-gatherer of approximately 7200–6200 years ago) layer at the 961:

Other populations in which representatives of N1*-LLY22g have been found include:

14243: 14089:"Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia" 14034: 13887: 13729: 13560: 13166: 12915: 12911: 12573:

Ma, Pengcheng; Yang, Xuan; Yan, Shi; Li, Chunxiang; et al. (December 2021).

12299: 11745: 11372: 10971: 10954: 10691: 9919: 9718: 7788: 6142: 5692: 5259: 5226: 5099: 5026: 4733: 4696: 4570: 4279: 4160: 4156: 3885: 3700: 3093: 2859:

Sweden (Stockholm County, Södermanland County, Västra Götaland County), Germany (

2816: 2723: 2682: 2631: 2627: 1919: 1828: 1812: 1588: 1404: 1304: 1019: 906: 596:

approximately 19,400 (±4,800) years ago and populated northern Eurasia after the

551: 488: 383: 379: 375: 371: 189: 173: 14492: 12724:"Maternal genetic structure in ancient Shandong between 9500 and 1800 years ago" 5371:

Korean, China (Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, etc.)

3097: 2963: 2381: 1688: 423: 339: 14147: 14134: 13917: 13839: 13606:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

12750: 12723: 12649: 12635: 12630: 12629:

Mao, Xiaowei; Zhang, Hucai; Qiao, Shiyu; Liu, Yichen; et al. (June 2021).

12253:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

11460: 10553: 10253: 8004: 7797: 7630: 7537: 6049: 5822: 5784: 5688: 5593: 5467: 5438: 5380: 5304: 5218: 5081: 5068: 5038: 4308: 4263: 4027: 3994: 3947: 3925: 3897: 3526: 3456: 3367: 3324:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province, Lapland Province)

2912: 2786: 2765: 2678: 2655: 2643: 2639: 2573: 2523: 2515: 2441: 2426: 2282: 2224: 2153: 1979: 1807: 1569: 1509: 1284: 1186: 1163: 1081: 1001: 784: 672: 555: 547: 528: 419: 276: 14363: 14193: 13861: 13751: 13335: 13125: 12593: 12574: 11263: 11217: 11171: 11135: 10866: 10772: 10489: 10327: 10148: 9971: 9722: 1842:

N has also been found in many samples of Neolithic human remains exhumed from

1552:

ybp, or 4,727 years before present). It has been found very frequently among

15370: 13167:"Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory" 13006: 12808: 12658: 12141: 11432:] (Ph.D. thesis) (in Chinese). Shanghai: Fudan University. pp. 1–84. 10497: 9979: 9857: 8249: 8197: 7879: 7873: 7859: 7848: 7811: 7714: 7709: 7700: 7686: 7647: 6886: 6832: 6680: 6318: 6286: 6250: 6041: 5780: 5741: 5602: 5574: 5537: 5533: 5511: 4893: 4723: 4380: 4146: 4041: 4037: 4008: 3873: 3809: 3764: 3516: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2874: 2843: 2796: 2757: 2715: 2695: 2659: 2598: 2487: 2060: 2050: 1999: 1975: 1864: 1795: 1783: 1764: 1706: 1616: 1596: 1561: 1527: 1490: 1454: 1422: 1050: 983: 820: 780: 664: 656: 648: 609: 578:

Estimated prehistoric migration routes for Y-chromosome haplogroup N lineage.

464: 225: 217: 181: 15346: 14919: 14910: 14901: 14892: 14883: 14874: 14695: 14678: 14649:

Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes",

14107: 13693: 13627: 13076: 12507: 12273: 11902: 11884: 11303: 11286: 11061: 11044: 10625: 10608: 10376:

Kim SH, Kim KC, Shin DJ, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Han MS, et al. (April 2011).

9744: 9668: 14814: 14785: 14741: 14704: 14670: 14641: 14606: 14510: 14467: 14424: 14371: 14334: 14297: 14262: 14201: 14155: 14116: 14067: 14009: 13936: 13870: 13818: 13760: 13712: 13646: 13579: 13418: 13343: 13300: 13281: 13215: 13143: 13024: 12957: 12888: 12826: 12800: 12759: 12666: 12602: 12353: 12335: 12292: 12194: 12192: 12160: 12113:

Cui, Yinqiu; Li, Hongjie; Ning, Chao; Zhang, Ye; et al. (2013-09-30).

12031:"Haplotree.info - ancientdna.info. Map based on All Ancient DNA v. 2.07.26" 11920: 11818: 11764: 11677: 11634: 11574: 11527: 11468: 11391: 11312: 11225: 11179: 11070: 11018: 10980: 10939: 10885: 10834: 10790: 10710: 10634: 10607:

Zhong H, Shi H, Qi XB, Duan ZY, Tan PP, Jin L, et al. (January 2011).

10571: 10413: 10394: 10335: 10288: 10167: 10075: 9938: 9876: 9817: 9753: 9479: 8120: 7559: 6334: 6326: 6302: 6242: 6206: 6073: 5800: 5622: 5618: 5560: 5523: 5491: 5483: 5463: 5441:), China (Xinjiang, Shandong, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Ningxia, Guizhou) 5420: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4289: 4216: 3861: 3849: 3822: 3371: 3209: 3178: 3113: 2860: 2761: 2674: 2536: 2255: 1967: 1676: 1672: 1600: 1592: 1523: 1505: 1470: 1201: 1175: 1038: 989: 977: 910: 898: 824: 772: 700: 660: 652: 605: 520: 399: 387: 367: 304: 292: 241: 221: 209: 15199:

This table shows historic names for N-M128 from peer reviewed literature.

15090:

This table shows historic names for N-M178 from peer reviewed literature.

14405: 14326: 12880: 12840: 11800: 11508: 11285:

Qi X, Cui C, Peng Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhong H, et al. (August 2013).

10066: 10049: 9790:

Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Savina OV, Hallmark B, Hammer MF (November 2018).

3598: 846:, two individuals (1.2%) were found to belong to N*. One originated from 14389:"Human auditory ossicles as an alternative optimal source of ancient DNA" 12722:

Liu, Juncen; Zeng, Wen; Sun, Bo; Mao, Xiaowei; et al. (2021-05-29).

12680: 12182: 11329:

Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan

11249: 11091:

Sun Seong Choi, Kyung Hwa Park, Da Eun Nam, Tae Hoon Kang, Ki Wha Chung,

10825: 10809:"Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels" 10808: 6844:

Turkey (Istanbul), Serbia, Montenegro (Plužine), Bosnia and Herzegovina (

6617: 6573: 6551: 6314: 6230: 6129: 6117: 5776: 5639: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5160: 5042: 4490: 4239: 4197: 3869: 3826: 3606: 3540: 3506: 3205: 3195: 3135: 2833: 2511: 2475: 2463: 2237: 2003: 1991: 1983: 1951: 1816: 1494: 1438: 1426: 1395: 1391: 1312: 1239: 1130:

N-CTS4309: two people identified with this subgroup in Iraq. Very rare.

971: 965: 955: 914: 839: 740: 644: 436: 427: 363: 355: 319: 272: 268: 260: 14840: 14170: 13601:"Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution" 13399: 13134: 12997: 12367: 12189: 11095:, "Y-chromosome haplogrouping for Asians using Y-SNP target sequencing." 10921: 10521: 8156:

Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

5653: 3588: 1705:(2023) have found N-B478 in greatly differing percentages of samples of 14048: 13196: 13097: 13062: 12701: 11625: 9808: 9791: 8112: 7461: 6812: 6624: 6254: 6113: 5121: 5050: 4836:, Oulu Province), Russia (Leningrad Oblast), Sweden (Norrbotten County) 4692: 3909: 3877: 3564: 3398:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province), Sweden (

3143: 2479: 1995: 1748: 1539: 1442: 1400: 1192:

N-Tat has been observed with greatly varying frequency in samples from

1155:

in eastern Europe. Haplogroup N-M46 is approximately 14,000 years old.

1099: 867: 808: 756: 476: 391: 108: 14475:

Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, Zhu S, Shu Q, Xu J, et al. (April 2006).

11345: 11042: 10280: 8242: 8196:

was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to

5251: 4892:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province), Russia (

3632:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province), Estonia

3105: 2902: 1181:

The haplogroup N-M46 has a low diversity among Yakuts suggestive of a

838:

N-M231* has been found at low levels in China. Out of a sample of 165

12775:"Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years" 11565: 11043:

Karlsson AO, Wallerström T, Götherström A, Holmlund G (August 2006).

10996: 10667:"Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge" 8253:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" 7481: 7466: 6754: 6586: 6441: 6330: 6290: 6270: 6258: 6246: 6202: 6175: 6158: 5826: 5772: 5711: 5570: 5552: 5495: 5243: 5139: 4959: 4187: 3901: 3893: 3845: 2925:, Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province, Oulu Province) 2864: 2635: 2491: 2471: 2015: 1971: 1959: 1624: 1530:

descents, it was found to belong to N-F1998, a downstream of N-M128.

1474: 1382:, 0/30, 30/2938 = 1.0% China total 1/52 = 1.9% Liaoning, 2/35 = 5.7% 1276:, 5000-4000 BC is among the first Tat samples in the ancient record. 1243: 1029: 894: 847: 732: 708: 668: 593: 563: 535: 524: 288: 245: 145: 14676: 13461: 11325: 10903: 9461: 71:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 14937: 14766: 14587: 14449: 13990: 13958: 13799: 13730:"Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe" 13538: 12938: 10239: 9956: 8209:

Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

7486: 6365:

China (esp. Jiangsu, Yunnan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Heilongjiang)

6266: 6234: 6226: 6121: 6109: 6105: 6093: 5948: 5898: 5885: 5749: 5745: 5665: 5626: 5610: 5556: 5507: 5499: 5396: 5392: 5384: 5271: 5267: 5255: 5247: 5188: 5172: 5164: 5022: 4917: 4886:

Finland (Lapland Province, Oulu Province, Eastern Finland Province)

4700: 4475: 4452: 4293: 3905: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3841: 3671: 3659: 3568: 3307: 3288: 3101: 2769: 2527: 2483: 2467: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2035: 2023: 1987: 1963: 1955: 1927: 1923: 1756: 1446: 1273: 1269: 1235: 1205: 922: 851: 816: 792: 696: 613: 601: 543: 440: 395: 359: 323: 315: 311: 307: 300: 264: 252: 229: 14806: 14432:

Wen B, Xie X, Gao S, Li H, Shi H, Song X, et al. (May 2004).

14312: 14269: 11697: 11695: 10664: 10584: 10111: 8098: 1268:

area have yielded plenty of yDNA N specimens, and one sample from

415: 15352:

Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe

12978: 6816: 6732: 6604: 6529: 6517: 6385: 6374: 6310: 6282: 6162: 6101: 6097: 6061: 5869: 5733: 5721: 5459: 5357: 5263: 5222: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5129: 5125: 5030: 5018: 4998: 3881: 3602: 3519:), Finland (Western Finland Province), Sweden (Norrbotten County) 3502: 2507: 2495: 2366: 2343: 2292: 2278: 2122: 2027: 2019: 1935: 1931: 1885: 1772: 1740: 1684: 1573: 1501: 1486: 1478: 1466: 1458: 1434: 1408: 1387: 1375: 1007: 995: 937: 928: 902: 812: 724: 720: 680: 559: 516: 512: 460: 444: 431: 411: 351: 347: 335: 331: 327: 296: 284: 280: 213: 201: 13727: 12235: 10312: 10129: 9426: 4871:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province), Russia (Republic of Karelia)

3553:), Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province) 1519: 883: 14027: 13664:"Human evolution in Siberia: from frozen bodies to ancient DNA" 13594: 11831: 11692: 10848:

Zhang X, He G, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Y, et al. (2021).

10754: 10474: 10005:, Volume 50, No. 6, pp. 978–991. DOI: 10.7868/S0026898416060021 9717: 6621: 6542: 6521: 6482: 6437: 6322: 6278: 6262: 6089: 6085: 6069: 6065: 5836: 5737: 5729: 5725: 5614: 5503: 5388: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5308: 5091: 5046: 5034: 5010: 4955: 4201: 3913: 3889: 2559: 2519: 2503: 2499: 2031: 2011: 2007: 1915: 1907: 1752: 1736: 1680: 1604: 1482: 1462: 1430: 1265: 1193: 1167: 1159: 1075: 1063: 1056: 1032: 943: 788: 768: 728: 688: 480: 452: 403: 343: 256: 237: 205: 177: 14616:"Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity" 12305: 11782: 11655: 11348:"Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people" 10806: 9830: 5280:

China (Shandong, Liaoning, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, etc.)

3455:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Lapland Province), Sweden (

1782:

Other branches of N-P189 include members from Turkey, Russia (

1215:(2008) found N-Tat in 14.4% (23/160) of a sample from Sweden. 589:– is estimated to have existed about 36,800–44,700 years ago. 13082: 6882: 6188: 6133: 6030: 5840: 5707: 5680: 5676: 5606: 5312: 4944:

Finland (Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province)

4832:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province,

4662:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province)

4656:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province)

4620:

Finland (Southern Finland Province, Eastern Finland Province)

3837: 3623: 3577:

Finland (Southern Finland Province, Western Finland Province)

3474:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province)

2098:

Finland (Western Finland Province, Southern Finland Province)

1832: 1791: 1418: 1379: 1332: 1231: 1171: 1044: 879: 843: 776: 752: 736: 692: 539: 511:

It is most commonly found in males originating from northern

448: 233: 14386: 14349: 13885: 13164: 13100:"137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes" 12210: 12198: 11045:"Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden - a long-time perspective" 10535: 10001:

Tatars: Five Ways of Origin for the Five Subethnic Groups."

9789: 9647: 4826:

Finland (Eastern Finland Province, Western Finland Province)

14568: 13516: 12019:

Tree of Y-DNA haplogroup N-M231 at Family Tree DNA Discover

11719:

Shi H, Qi X, Zhong H, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma RZ, Su B (2013).

11156: 10047: 7502:

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

6057: 5239: 3392:

Sweden (Dalarna County), Finland (Western Finland Province)

14613: 13775: 13661: 13483: 12860: 12231: 12229: 12221: 12098: 9892: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9697: 8142:

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),

3924:

France, ancient Western Siberia (Gornaya Bitiya, Iron Age

1174:. It also has been detected in 5.9% (3/51) of a sample of 12909: 11404: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9677: 8183:

Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

6399:

China (esp. Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Henan)

2591:, Norrbotten County), Finland (Southern Finland Province) 870:

rather than being direct ancestors of any living people.

14968:

the definition of this branch of the Y-chromosome tree (

14711: 14082: 13494: 12554: 11870: 11595: 3505:), Finland (Southern Finland Province), United Kingdom ( 1683:

Mongols in Kyrgyzstan), 4.2% (9/216) Yakut, 2.1% (1/47)

1291:(kra001, N1a1a1a1a*-L392), between 5,000 and 4,000 YBP. 890:

in order to understand the updated structure of N-M231.

675:(Yakuts, Dolgans, Khakasses, Tuvans, Tatars, Chuvashes, 14131: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12246: 12226: 11540: 10650: 10266: 6904: 6470:

China (esp. Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Anhui), Poland

5799:

China (esp. Jiangsu, but also Henan, Fujian, Shanghai,

1390:

0/43 South Korea, 0/25 China, 1/75 = 1.3% South Korea,

546:. Subclades of N-M231 have been found at low levels in 447:

5.33% (Suan 0%, Qangly 0%, Oshaqty 0%, Jetyru 1.2%,

27:

Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in North Eurasia

13834:

Hammer, Michael F; Karafet, Tatiana M; Park, Hwayong;

13833: 11490:

Guo Y, Xia Z, Cui W, Chen C, Jin X, Zhu B (May 2020).

10463: 10459: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10443: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10015: 10013: 10011: 9674: 9443: 1151:, being a quarter younger than separation from F1139. 562:. These factors tend to suggest that it originated in 228:

75%–92.9% (Tundra Nenets 97.9%, Forest Nenets 98.8%),

13778:"The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow" 13440:

Biobank of the Coriell Institute for Medical Research

12044: 12042: 12040: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10423: 6476:

China (esp. Henan, but also Shaanxi, Guangdong, etc.)

2998:), Finland (Southern Finland Province), Netherlands ( 1403:

0.7% (Liaoning 1.9%, Horqin 0.3%, Ulaanbaatar 0.0%),

1303:

At least three of six tested male specimens from the

14083:

Karafet, Tatiana M; Hallmark, Brian; Cox, Murray P;

12617: 7492:

Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

5058:

China (Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Henan, etc.)

2365:

Finland (Western Finland Province), Sweden, Norway (

1142: 735:, and other subclades are found at low frequency in 585:– its most recent common ancestor with its sibling, 538:

N* has only been found in populations indigenous to

15308:

This branch is sometimes called N1b in early trees.

14792: 14747: 13505: 13472: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13235: 13233: 12072: 12070: 12058: 12056: 11701: 10660: 10658: 10008: 1631:of central Khakassia belonging to haplogroup N-P43 1200:(2006) found N-Tat in 44.7% (17/38) of a sample of 491:

1.9% (0%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.7%, 2.5%, 4.3%, 4.8%, 6.4%)

14648: 13450: 12037: 10992: 10990: 10420: 10242:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 10107: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10093: 2462:N1a1a1a1a1a1a1-L1025/B215 Highest frequency among 12772: 11245: 11243: 10953:Wang XQ, Wang CC, Deng QY, Li H (February 2013). 10802: 10800: 3408:Finland (Western Finland Province, Oulu Province) 3341:Finland (Western Finland Province, Oulu Province) 15368: 14561: 13230: 12067: 12053: 11880: 11878: 11430:Genetic Mixture of Populations in Western China. 10750: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10655: 2863:), Finland (Southern Finland Province), Russia ( 913:people. N1-LLY22g* has been found in samples of 873: 635:It has been found with greatest frequency among 592:It is generally considered that N-M231 arose in 236:42.6% (West)–70.9% (East) or approx. 54%–58.8%, 14474: 13966: 13093: 13091: 12628: 12048: 11203: 11038: 11036: 10987: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10225: 10090: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10037: 122:44,700 or 38,300 ybp depending on mutation rate 15347:N1c1 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project at FamilyTreeDNA 15337:N North Eurasian YDNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA 13321: 12112: 12108: 12106: 11718: 11319: 11284: 11240: 11150: 10952: 10899: 10897: 10895: 10797: 10606: 10517: 10515: 10308: 10306: 10235: 10233: 10125: 10123: 10121: 10119: 8255:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) 3092:Finland (Southern Finland Province), Estonia ( 2236:Finland (Southern Finland Province), Estonia ( 200:16.5%, Yalutorov 16.3%, Ishtyak-Tokuz 14.5%), 15362:Russian Nobility DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA 14216: 13259: 12721: 12508:Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup N at 23mofang 12087: 11875: 11832:Chiaroni, Underhill & Cavalli-Sforza 2009 11778: 11776: 11774: 11489: 11104:Sungwon Jeon, Youngjune Bhak, Yeonsong Choi, 10847: 10375: 9994: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9509: 7545: 7444: 6911:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups 3356:Finland (Western Finland Province), Estonia ( 1279:Earliest samples of N1a1a-L708 were found in 354:10% (5.8%, 8.1%, 9.1%, 11.6%, 12.5%, 14.3%), 15357:Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA 13951: 13367: 13088: 13058: 13056: 12560: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12471: 12469: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12441: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12403: 11845: 11339: 11033: 10717: 10646: 10644: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10531: 10529: 10034: 9888: 9886: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9439: 9437: 9435: 8092: 5765:China (Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanxi, etc.) 4569:Finland (Eastern Finland Province), Russia ( 4234:Finland (Western Finland Province), Russia ( 3436:Finland (Western Finland Province), Sweden ( 3366:Finland (Western Finland Province), Sweden ( 1615:ethnic group or territorial subgroup of the 15342:N Y-DNA Haplogroup Project at FamilyTreeDNA 14431: 13531: 13078:Y-DNA Haplogroup N and its Subclades – 2018 12572: 12401: 12399: 12397: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12389: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12103: 12076: 12062: 11445: 11199: 11197: 10892: 10512: 10468: 10303: 10230: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10116: 9824: 9669:Y-DNA Haplogroup N and its Subclades – 2016 9663: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9655: 8227:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. 6444:, but also Sichuan, Zhejiang, etc.), Taiwan 1802:to present-day European members of N-P189. 1133: 1091:N1(xN1a,N1c) was found in ancient bones of 719:, but certain subclades are very common in 14944: 14272:"Migration waves to the Baltic Sea region" 13363: 13361: 11841: 11839: 11771: 11534: 11441: 11439: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10177: 9945: 9768: 8135: 7552: 7538: 7507:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe 1411:0.1% (Khoja 1.9%, Baiuly 0.6%, Uysun 0.4%) 1331: 107: 14961: 14775: 14765: 14694: 14631: 14596: 14586: 14500: 14457: 14414: 14404: 14287: 14252: 14242: 14106: 14057: 14047: 13999: 13989: 13957: 13926: 13916: 13860: 13808: 13798: 13750: 13702: 13692: 13636: 13626: 13569: 13559: 13408: 13398: 13315: 13290: 13280: 13205: 13195: 13133: 13070: 13053: 13014: 12996: 12947: 12937: 12816: 12749: 12648: 12592: 12523:12:685285. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685285 12343: 12282: 12272: 12150: 12140: 12014: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12006: 12004: 12002: 12000: 11998: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11910: 11808: 11754: 11744: 11624: 11564: 11517: 11507: 11381: 11371: 11302: 11060: 10970: 10929: 10875: 10865: 10841: 10824: 10780: 10700: 10690: 10641: 10624: 10589: 10561: 10526: 10403: 10393: 10260: 10157: 10147: 10065: 9928: 9918: 9883: 9866: 9856: 9807: 9743: 9486: 9469: 9432: 9422: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9010: 9008: 9006: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8168: 1643:(2006) examined a sample of Khakassians ( 1162:, a Turkic people who live mainly in the 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 14534: 13248:Haplogroup N North Eurasian YDNA Project 12918:; Help, Hela; et al. (April 2004). 12766: 12512: 12380: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11942: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11194: 11115: 11098: 11085: 10946: 9652: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8230: 8165:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. 5286:China (esp. Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia) 1315:have been found to belong to N1a2-L666. 623: 573: 283:34.5% (20.2%, 25.0%, 30.9%, 48.0%>), 13595:Chiaroni, Jacques; Underhill, Peter A; 13358: 12985:Vavilovskij Žurnal Genetiki i Selekcii 12841:"Theytree Haplogroup YTree (N-CTS2959)" 11836: 11483: 11436: 11398: 11206:International Journal of Legal Medicine 11160:International Journal of Legal Medicine 11124:International Journal of Legal Medicine 10350: 10174: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8296: 6411:China (Jiangsu, Shandong, Xinjiang Han) 5365:China (Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, etc.) 3587:, Southern Finland Province), Estonia ( 616:was submerged, about 11,000 years ago. 463:4.89% (2.8%, 4.8%, 4.99%, 6.0%, 8.6%), 14: 15369: 15193: 15084: 14947:"Y-DNA Haplogroup N and its Subclades" 14929:"Y-DNA Haplogroup N and its Subclades" 14754:The American Journal of Human Genetics 14575:The American Journal of Human Genetics 14537:"Macdonald Y Haplogroups of the World" 12681:"Theytree Haplogroup YTree (N-Y24206)" 11714: 11712: 11710: 11417: 11278: 7525: 6417:China (esp. Zhejiang, Hebei, Liaoning) 5356:China (Hebei, Shandong, Henan, etc.), 5138:Russia (Buryatia), China (Huasai from 2836:), Finland (Southern Finland Province) 2258:), Finland (Southern Finland Province) 1819:(approx. 6,700 years before present). 15302: 14975: 14969: 14926: 14917: 14908: 14899: 14890: 14881: 14872: 14633:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 14525: 13546:(8). Genographic Consortium: e24282. 11927: 8212: 8150: 7533: 7438: 6104:(Xinjiang Kalmyk, Mongolian Torgut), 3956:Russia (Khantia-Mansia), Kazakhstan ( 2549:), Finland (Western Finland Province) 2139:), Finland (Western Finland Province) 917:, but with widely varying frequency: 14835: 12702:"Theytree Haplogroup YTree (N-F710)" 8293: 8203: 8078:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people 8053: 8048: 8039: 8037: 8032: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8009: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7980: 7972: 7960: 7958: 7949: 7941: 7899: 7892: 7886: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7846: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7815: 7810: 7801: 7796: 7787: 7782: 7746: 7732: 7615: 7570: 7513: 7432:Unreliable mutations (SNPs and UEPs) 6905:History of phylogenetic nomenclature 6016:N1a2b-Y126204, VL67/Z35079, BY29083 1854: 1651:(2007) examined a sample of Khakas ( 1500:A number of a Han Chinese, an Ooled 1294: 455:10.9%, Qozha 16.7%, Syrgeli 65.6%), 119:36,800 years before present (YFull) 36: 11707: 11423: 8186: 8177: 8159: 7720: 7660: 7643: 5947:China (Beijing Han, Henan), Japan ( 5809:China (Hebei, Beijing, Hubei, etc.) 4638:Finland (Southern Finland Province) 4614:Finland (Southern Finland Province) 3583:Finland (Western Finland Province, 3084:Russia, Latvia, Belarus, Lithuania) 2921:Finland (Western Finland Province, 267:approx. 42% (41.6%, 42.1%, 43.0%), 24: 14831: 14683:European Journal of Human Genetics 14438:American Journal of Human Genetics 13977:American Journal of Human Genetics 13904:American Journal of Human Genetics 13786:American Journal of Human Genetics 12925:American Journal of Human Genetics 11049:European Journal of Human Genetics 10910:European Journal of Human Genetics 10761:European Journal of Human Genetics 10542:American Journal of Human Genetics 10054:European Journal of Human Genetics 9731:European Journal of Human Genetics 8267: 8258: 8221: 6539:N1b2-M1819/N-M1897/CTS12473/F1173 5201:Kazakhstan, China (Inner Mongolia) 4865:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4859:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4853:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4847:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4789:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4644:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4632:Finland (Western Finland Province) 4626:Finland (Western Finland Province) 4563:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4536:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 4527:Finland (Western Finland Province) 3755:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3730:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3724:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3468:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3430:Finland (Western Finland Province) 3383:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3347:Finland (Western Finland Province) 3335:Finland (Western Finland Province) 3300:Finland (Western Finland Province) 3257:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 3251:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 2390:Finland (Western Finland Province) 2271:Finland (Eastern Finland Province) 1822: 25: 15388: 15315: 14935: 9796:American Journal of Human Biology 8147:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) 7497:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group 7472:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 5754:Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 3864:, moderate frequency among other 1986:, moderate frequency among other 1148: 1143:N1a1 (M46/Page70/Tat, L395/M2080) 14954: 14839: 14289:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x 13510: 13499: 13488: 13477: 13466: 13455: 13444: 13433: 13253: 12580:Journal of Genetics and Genomics 11557:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x 11011:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00487.x 7575: 5700:China (Shandong, Liaoning, etc.) 5407:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 5217:Found with high frequency among 4997:Found with high frequency among 3836:Found with high frequency among 3781:N1a1a1a1a1b-PH1266/Y28526/F4134 3034:Jaunpils Parish, Tukuma apriņķis 3024:Jaunpils Parish, Tukuma apriņķis 3014:Jaunpils Parish, Tukuma apriņķis 2654:), Poland (Podlaskie), Ukraine ( 1950:Found with high frequency among 763:peoples of western Siberia, and 755:peoples of northern Europe, the 41: 14620:Molecular Biology and Evolution 14094:Molecular Biology and Evolution 13524: 13324:Molecular Genetics and Genomics 13158: 13039: 12972: 12903: 12854: 12833: 12715: 12694: 12673: 12566: 12526: 12360: 12308:"Human population dynamics and 12240: 12215: 12204: 12175: 12092: 12081: 12023: 11864: 11850: 11825: 11649: 11589: 11291:Molecular Biology and Evolution 10613:Molecular Biology and Evolution 10578: 8200:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. 6654:China (Henan), Japan (Hokkaido) 6224:N1a2b2a-FGC10847/Y3185 (L1419) 4057:N1a1a1a1a2a1c2-Y24361 (Y24372) 1870:N-M231/Page91, M232/M2188 1709:from two different villages of 1518:As a genetic testing result of 1384:Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County 1225: 909:. It is also found in 34.6% of 619: 504:defined by the presence of the 13451:Jobling & Tyler-Smith 2000 11670:10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.08.001 11617:10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.10.005 9429:v6.05.11 at 25 September 2018. 5111:Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan 1771:individual with ancestry from 1716: 1665: 1546: 1147:All M46 in Yfull database are 1116:, 5000–4200 BP) 100.0%(=12/12) 1022:(0/70 Tokushima – 2/26 = 7.7% 767:peoples of Russia (especially 506:single-nucleotide polymorphism 13: 1: 14734:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 14663:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 14562:Sources for conversion tables 8287: 6046:Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug 3138:), Slovakia, Czech Republic ( 2768:), Lithuania, United States ( 2502:, with sporadic instances in 1873:N1-Z4762/CTS11499/L735/M2291 1729: 1711:Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug 1595:, 78% (21/27) in a sample of 1318: 1287:(N4b2, N1a1a1a1a*-Z1979) and 1253:N-M178 was also found in two 1126:, 4200–3600 BP) 60.0%(=3/5). 1004:(3/105 = 2.9% to 3/35 = 8.6%) 874:N1 (CTS11499, Z4762, CTS3750) 15212:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 15103:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 14994:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 14920:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2011" 14911:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2010" 14902:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2009" 14893:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2008" 14884:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2007" 14875:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2006" 14528:"Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2012" 14244:10.1371/journal.pone.0000172 14087:; et al. (2010-03-05). 13894:; et al. (2016-07-07). 13561:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282 13067:YFull, 2018, (24 June 2018). 11746:10.1371/journal.pone.0066102 11373:10.1371/journal.pone.0181935 10972:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.00168 10692:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 9920:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570 7562:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 3935:N1a1a1a1a2a1c-PH3340/Y13850 3736:Russia (Republic of Karelia) 1849: 1660:Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples 1522:clan, a royal family of the 1309:Shamanka archaeological site 1234:and approximately 40% among 1035:(0/26 = 0.0% to 1/41 = 2.4%) 998:(2/70 = 2.9% to 2/67 = 3.0%) 830: 637:indigenous peoples of Russia 7: 14519: 14493:10.1534/genetics.105.054270 14181:Russian Journal of Genetics 11252:Russian Journal of Genetics 10478:Russian Journal of Genetics 7612: 7560:Phylogenetic tree of human 5957:China (Guangdong, Zhejiang) 5005:, moderate frequency among 4066:), Poland, Hungary, Albania 3767:, Eastern Finland Province) 1591:, 78% (7/9) in a sample of 1106:, 6500–5000 BP) 66.7%(=4/6) 986:(2/52 = 3.8% to 2/35 = 5.7% 502:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 196:89.5%, Iskero-Tobol 23.5%, 67:the claims made and adding 10: 15393: 15204:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 15095:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 14986:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 14938:"YFull Experimental YTree" 14148:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023 13918:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.025 12751:10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.029 12650:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.040 12312:in ancient northeast Asia" 11461:10.1038/s10038-021-00979-x 11407:Acta Anthropologica Sinica 10554:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014 10254:10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.015 8144:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 8046: 8013: 7970: 7939: 7930: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7856: 7822: 7808: 7794: 7780: 7764: 7748: 7617: 7445:Links to genetics concepts 6908: 6595:South Chungcheong Province 5021:, and low frequency among 4601:Sweden (Norrbotten County) 4595:Finland (Lapland Province) 4502:Finland (Lapland Province) 4468:Finland (Lapland Province) 3888:, and low frequency among 3834:N1a1a1a1a2-Z1936,CTS10082 2966:), Finland (Oulu Province) 2936:England, Finland, Latvia ( 2002:, and low frequency among 1554:Northern Samoyedic peoples 811:with recent ancestry from 569: 255:42.6% (Arkhangelsk 44.3%, 29: 14364:10.1007/s00439-001-0664-4 14194:10.1134/S1022795407050110 13862:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0 13848:Journal of Human Genetics 13752:10.1007/s10038-007-0179-5 13738:Journal of Human Genetics 13336:10.1007/s00438-018-1461-2 13126:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2 12594:10.1016/j.jgg.2021.07.018 11449:Journal of Human Genetics 11264:10.1134/S1022795418100046 11218:10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9 11172:10.1007/s13258-018-0701-5 11136:10.1007/s13258-010-0030-9 10867:10.3389/fgene.2021.754492 10813:Journal of Human Genetics 10773:10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0 10490:10.1134/S1022795413110082 10328:10.1007/s00439-005-0076-y 10149:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1 9972:10.1134/S0026893311020117 8067: 7845: 7838: 7772: 7755: 7739: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7713: 7708: 7706: 7699: 7694: 7692: 7685: 7678: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7652: 7645: 7635: 7628: 7626: 7610: 7584:This article needs to be 7568: 7457:Genetic history of Europe 6923:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 6563:China (Sichuan, Shanghai) 6405:China (Shandong, Beijing) 5938:China (Liaoning, Tianjin) 4834:Southern Finland Province 4804:Russia (Leningrad Oblast) 4584:Southern Finland Province 4415:Southern Finland Province 3687:Southern Finland Province 1948:N1a1a1a1a1a-CTS2929/VL29 1662:and related populations. 1371: 1363: 1355: 1347: 1339: 1330: 1325: 1311:near the southern end of 1010:(0/106 = 0.0% – 2/25 = 8% 933:3.6% (3/84) Taiwanese Han 715:(Chukchis, Koryaks), and 169: 161: 151: 140: 129: 115: 106: 101: 14276:Annals of Human Genetics 13672:BMC Evolutionary Biology 12543:(in Chinese). 2021-01-21 12535: 12142:10.1186/1471-2148-13-216 12120:BMC Evolutionary Biology 11544:Annals of Human Genetics 11112:2020; 6 : eaaz7835. 10999:Annals of Human Genetics 10269:Annals of Human Genetics 9858:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127 9837:BMC Evolutionary Biology 6554:, Henan (ca. 4,063 ybp) 6275:Western Finland Province 4773:Eastern Finland Province 4763:Western Finland Province 4514:Eastern Finland Province 4510:Western Finland Province 4411:Western Finland Province 4397:Western Finland Province 4377:Western Finland Province 3697:Eastern Finland Province 3140:Moravian-Silesian Region 2474:and lesser frequency in 2069:N1a1a1a1a1a1a-L550/S431 1687:(Mongolia), 1.4% (1/69) 1679:(partial descendants of 1340:Possible place of origin 1164:Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 1134:N1a (F1206/M2013/S11466) 1124:Lower Xiajiadian culture 747:). Especially in ethnic 141:Possible place of origin 15377:Human Y-DNA haplogroups 15326:The Genographic Project 14696:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 14535:McDonald, J.D. (2004). 13890:; Chukhryaeva, Marina; 13694:10.1186/1471-2148-10-25 13628:10.1073/pnas.0910803106 13085:, 2018, (24 June 2018). 12274:10.1073/pnas.1118760109 11903:10.1126/science.aar7711 11062:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201651 10112:Lappalainen et al. 2008 9745:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748 8192:Between 2002 and 2008, 5299:N1a1a1a1b1-M2038/M1995 4992:N1a1a1a1a3-B197/Y16323 4387:N1a1a1a1a2a2a1a1-Z1926 4036:Russia (Bashkortostan, 1264:Neolithic samples from 358:9.7%, Central-Southern 116:Possible time of origin 15322:Spread of Haplogroup N 13838:; et al. (2006). 13597:Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L 13462:Kaladjieva et al. 2001 13282:10.1186/2041-2223-5-13 13269:Investigative Genetics 12801:10.1126/sciadv.add5582 12536:中国满族群体父系单倍群及民族血统构成情况简介 12336:10.1126/sciadv.abc4587 10585:Malyarchuk et al. 2004 10395:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10 10382:Investigative Genetics 9427:YFull Haplogroup YTree 6591:South Pyongan Province 6221:N1a2b2-FGC10872/Y3195 5457:N1a1a1a2-B211 (Y9022) 5417:Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 5295:China (Inner Mongolia) 5236:N1a1a1a1b-M2019/M2118 5148:China (Inner Mongolia) 4174:Russia (Tambov Oblast) 4109:Russia (Bashkortostan) 4099:Russia (Bashkortostan 3958:East Kazakhstan Region 3438:Västra Götaland County 2313:Västra Götaland County 2211:Västra Götaland County 2086:Västra Götaland County 1745:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1078:(0/215 – 1/121 = 0.8%) 629: 579: 14406:10.1101/gr.260141.119 14327:10.1353/hub.2005.0021 14108:10.1093/molbev/msq063 13473:Underhill et al. 2000 13378:Nature Communications 13175:Nature Communications 12881:10.1353/hub.2003.0006 12643:(12): 3256–3266.e13. 12211:Pakendorf et al. 2002 11801:10.1101/gr.186684.114 11702:Underhill et al. 2000 11509:10.3390/genes11050564 11304:10.1093/molbev/mst093 10854:Frontiers in Genetics 10626:10.1093/molbev/msq247 10067:10.1038/ejhg.2008.101 10003:МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ 6509:N1b1b-Y23789/CTS4309 6308:N1a2b2b1-B528/Y24384 5965:North Jeolla Province 5815:China (Jiangsu, etc.) 3938:N1a1a1a1a2a1c1-L1034 3243:Västernorrland County 3230:N1a1a1a1a1a2-CTS9976 2547:Västernorrland County 1582:Siberian Yupik people 1183:population bottleneck 948:2.9% (1/35) Han from 942:2.9% (1/35) Han from 936:2.9% (1/34) Han from 927:6.7% (2/30) Han from 921:6.8% (3/44) Han from 819:, a Slovakian, a few 627: 577: 430:6.77% (0% to 21.4%), 303:21.8% (18.0%–24.6%), 15292:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 15183:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 15074:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 12910:Tambets, Kristiina; 10959:Yi Chuan = Hereditas 10826:10.1038/jhg.2013.108 10522:Khar'kov et al. 2007 6978:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 5835:South Korea, China ( 5803:, etc.), South Korea 5435:Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 3177:Lithuania, Belarus ( 2490:. With exception of 1945:N1a1a1a1a1-CTS10760 1904:N1a1a1a1-P298/M2126 1892:N1a1-M46/Page70/Tat 823:individuals, and an 598:Last Glacial Maximum 32:Haplogroup N (mtDNA) 18:Haplogroup N (Y-DNA) 15331:National Geographic 15284:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 15276:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 15268:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 15175:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 15167:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 15159:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 15066:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 15058:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 15050:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 14945:ISOGG (2019–2020). 14726:2000Sci...290.1155S 14720:(5494): 1155–1159, 14235:2007PLoSO...2..172K 13685:2010BMCEE..10...25C 13619:2009PNAS..10620174C 13613:(48): 20174–20179. 13552:2011PLoSO...624282C 13517:Capelli et al. 2001 13400:10.1038/ncomms14121 13391:2017NatCo...814121L 13188:2014NatCo...5.5257G 13118:2018Natur.557..369D 12998:10.18699/VJGB-23-07 12793:2023SciA....9D5582W 12742:2021SciBu..66.1129L 12328:2021SciA....7.4587K 12265:2012PNAS..109.8471D 12236:Derenko et al. 2007 12222:Crubézy et al. 2010 12133:2013BMCEE..13..216C 12049:Karafet et al. 2001 11871:Karafet et al. 2010 11737:2013PLoSO...866102S 11364:2017PLoSO..1281935B 10922:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6 10683:2013PLoSO...876748D 9911:2013PLoSO...883570D 9849:2013BMCEE..13..127F 8073:Y-DNA by population 7988: 7526:Y-DNA backbone tree 7477:molecular phylogeny 6973:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 6968:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 6963:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 5159:Uzbekistan, China ( 4753:Republic of Karelia 4332:Republic of Karelia 4236:Republic of Karelia 4215:Russia (Tatarstan, 3716:Republic of Karelia 3620:Västerbotten County 3482:Västerbotten County 3276:Östergötland County 2938:Daugavpils apriņķis 2899:Västerbotten County 2879:Östergötland County 2842:Lithuania, Russia ( 2744:Warmińsko-mazurskie 2734:Warmińsko-mazurskie 2700:Khmelnytskyi Oblast 2589:Södermanland County 2357:Östergötland County 2328:Södermanland County 2221:Södermanland County 2190:Västerbotten County 2167:Östergötland County 2150:Södermanland County 2137:Västerbotten County 2133:Östergötland County 2113:Södermanland County 2041:N1a1a1a1a1a1-Z4908 1815:of the area around 1637:Tashtypsky District 1372:Highest frequencies 954:0% (0/32) Han from 566:or Southeast Asia. 534:However, the basal 508:(SNP) marker M231. 498:Haplogroup N (M231) 326:12.5% (10%–13.3%), 170:Highest frequencies 133:21,700 ybp (YFull) 14851:. You can help by 14651:Trends in Genetics 14049:10.1101/gr.7172008 13886:Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; 13495:Semino et al. 2000 13484:Hammer et al. 2001 13250:at Family Tree DNA 13197:10.1038/ncomms6257 12099:Gayden et al. 2007 11897:(6396): eaar7711. 10464:Hammer et al. 2006 9809:10.1002/ajhb.23194 9648:Ilumäe et al. 2016 8113:10.1002/humu.22468 7839: 7620:Y-chromosomal Adam 6852:N2a1a1b1-FGC28483 6842:N2a1a1b-FGC28435* 6667:Shigatse (Tibetan) 6543:Russian Federation 6428:N-F21018/MF105942 6369:N1b1a-Y6374/Z8029 6239:Arkhangelsk Oblast 6022:N1a2b1-B478 (P63) 5797:N-MF15288/MF15344 5193:Tacheng Prefecture 4995:N1a1a1a1a3a-F4205 4738:Arkhangelsk Oblast 4711:Chelyabinsk Oblast 4350:N1a1a1a1a2a-Z1925 4336:Arkhangelsk Oblast 4228:Russia (Tatarstan) 4137:N1a1a1a1a2a-Z1934 4113:N-Y49121 (Y49419) 4090:Russia (Tatarstan) 4026:Russia (Tatarstan 3747:Arkhangelsk Oblast 3718:, Novgorod Oblast) 3155:Russia (Tatarstan) 3142:), United States ( 3090:N-Y15922=N-Z35238 2934:N-A2358=N-BY14135 2570:Marijampolė County 2413:Västmanland County 2248:Kujawsko-pomorskie 2092:), Finland, Russia 1912:Kashgar Prefecture 1769:Romanian Hungarian 1621:Shirinsky District 1558:Ob-Ugric languages 1364:Defining mutations 1261:in North America. 739:(Yi, Naxi, Lhoba, 630: 583:Haplogroup NO-M214 580: 398:7.1% (4.2%-9.7%), 186:Shirinsky District 162:Defining mutations 52:possibly contains 15299: 15298: 15190: 15189: 15081: 15080: 14869: 14868: 14282:(Pt 3): 337–348. 13112:(7705): 369–374. 12736:(11): 1129–1135. 12587:(12): 1130–1133. 12259:(22): 8471–8476. 12199:Sirak et al. 2020 11258:(10): 1245–1253. 10916:(10): 1260–1273. 10651:Katoh et al. 2005 10281:10.1111/ahg.12130 10060:(10): 1254–1264. 9960:Molecular Biology 8284: 8283: 8246:, 2017, "K-M2335" 8244:YFull YTree v5.08 8194:Haplogroup T-M184 8062: 8061: 8007: 7997: 7987: 7978: 7966: 7955: 7947: 7935: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7851: 7770: 7762: 7753: 7683: 7667: 7650: 7633: 7605: 7604: 7514:Y-DNA N subclades 7452:genetic genealogy 7384: 7383: 6873:Charente-Maritime 6839:N2a1a1b-FGC28435 6550:ancient DNA from 6325:, Asian Eskimos, 5821:China (Shigatse ( 5769:N-MF58064/F19130 5674:N1a1a2b1-MF38607 5590:N-Y24317*(xB187) 5546:N1a1a1a2b-Y23181 5354:N1a1a1a1b2-A9408 5215:N1a1a1a1a3b-B202 4544:Norrbotten County 4367:Norrbotten County 4357:Norrbotten County 4322:Sverdlovsk Oblast 3820:N1a1a1a1a1c-B479 3714:Finland, Russia ( 3486:Norrbotten County 3192:Krāslava District 3046:Finland, Belarus) 2830:Krāslava District 2708:Poland, Lithuania 2466:, significant in 2342:Sweden (medieval 2109:Norrbotten County 1855:Phylogenetic tree 1844:Liao civilization 1837:haplogroup B4c1a2 1788:Charente-Maritime 1629:Askizsky District 1415: 1414: 1351:N1a2 (F1008/L666) 1326:Haplogroup N-M128 1295:N1a2 (F1008/L666) 1114:Xiaoheyan Culture 1093:Liao civilization 1014:Vietnamese people 805:former Yugoslavia 757:Ob-Ugric-speaking 587:haplogroup O-M175 495: 494: 97: 96: 89: 54:original research 16:(Redirected from 15384: 15309: 15306: 15300: 15201: 15200: 15197: 15191: 15092: 15091: 15088: 15082: 14983: 14982: 14979: 14973: 14965: 14950: 14941: 14932: 14923: 14914: 14905: 14896: 14887: 14878: 14864: 14861: 14843: 14836: 14826: 14789: 14779: 14769: 14760:(6): 1718–1724. 14744: 14708: 14698: 14673: 14645: 14635: 14626:(7): 1189–1203. 14610: 14600: 14590: 14557: 14555: 14554: 14548: 14542:. Archived from 14541: 14531: 14514: 14504: 14487:(4): 2431–2439. 14471: 14461: 14428: 14418: 14408: 14383: 14346: 14309: 14291: 14266: 14256: 14246: 14213: 14177: 14167: 14128: 14110: 14101:(8): 1833–1844. 14085:Sudoyo, Herawati 14079: 14061: 14051: 14024: 14003: 13993: 13973: 13963: 13961: 13948: 13930: 13920: 13900: 13882: 13864: 13844: 13830: 13812: 13802: 13782: 13772: 13754: 13734: 13724: 13706: 13696: 13668: 13658: 13640: 13630: 13591: 13573: 13563: 13519: 13514: 13508: 13503: 13497: 13492: 13486: 13481: 13475: 13470: 13464: 13459: 13453: 13448: 13442: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13412: 13402: 13374: 13365: 13356: 13355: 13330:(5): 1293–1300. 13319: 13313: 13312: 13294: 13284: 13266: 13257: 13251: 13245: 13228: 13227: 13209: 13199: 13171: 13162: 13156: 13155: 13137: 13095: 13086: 13074: 13068: 13060: 13051: 13050: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13018: 13000: 12976: 12970: 12969: 12951: 12941: 12916:Kivisild, Toomas 12907: 12901: 12900: 12858: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12820: 12787:(11): eadd5582. 12780:Science Advances 12770: 12764: 12763: 12753: 12729:Science Bulletin 12719: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12708: 12698: 12692: 12691: 12689: 12687: 12677: 12671: 12670: 12652: 12626: 12615: 12614: 12596: 12570: 12564: 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12530: 12524: 12516: 12510: 12505: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12374: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12347: 12316:Science Advances 12303: 12297: 12296: 12286: 12276: 12244: 12238: 12233: 12224: 12219: 12213: 12208: 12202: 12196: 12187: 12186: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12154: 12144: 12110: 12101: 12096: 12090: 12085: 12079: 12074: 12065: 12060: 12051: 12046: 12035: 12034: 12027: 12021: 12016: 11925: 11924: 11914: 11882: 11873: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11854: 11848: 11843: 11834: 11829: 11823: 11822: 11812: 11780: 11769: 11768: 11758: 11748: 11716: 11705: 11699: 11690: 11689: 11653: 11647: 11646: 11628: 11602: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11568: 11538: 11532: 11531: 11521: 11511: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11443: 11434: 11433: 11421: 11415: 11414: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11385: 11375: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11323: 11317: 11316: 11306: 11297:(8): 1761–1778. 11282: 11276: 11275: 11247: 11238: 11237: 11201: 11192: 11191: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11119: 11113: 11110:Science Advances 11102: 11096: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11064: 11040: 11031: 11030: 10994: 10985: 10984: 10974: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10933: 10901: 10890: 10889: 10879: 10869: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10828: 10804: 10795: 10794: 10784: 10767:(9): 1466–1474. 10752: 10715: 10714: 10704: 10694: 10662: 10653: 10648: 10639: 10638: 10628: 10604: 10587: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10565: 10533: 10524: 10519: 10510: 10509: 10472: 10466: 10461: 10418: 10417: 10407: 10397: 10373: 10348: 10347: 10310: 10301: 10300: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10237: 10228: 10223: 10172: 10171: 10161: 10151: 10127: 10114: 10109: 10088: 10087: 10069: 10045: 10032: 10023: 10006: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9954: 9943: 9942: 9932: 9922: 9890: 9881: 9880: 9870: 9860: 9828: 9822: 9821: 9811: 9787: 9766: 9765: 9747: 9727: 9715: 9672: 9671:22 August 2016). 9665: 9650: 9645: 9484: 9483: 9473: 9441: 9430: 9424: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8256: 8234: 8228: 8225: 8219: 8216: 8210: 8207: 8201: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8175: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8157: 8154: 8148: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8096: 8003: 7993: 7981: 7973: 7961: 7951: 7942: 7931: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7847: 7766: 7757: 7749: 7679: 7663: 7646: 7629: 7613: 7600: 7597: 7591: 7579: 7578: 7571: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7531: 7530: 6919: 6918: 6881:United Kingdom ( 6846:Republika Srpska 6829:N2a1a1a-BY35494 6746:Ho Chi Minh City 6710:Hong Kong, China 6679:United Kingdom ( 6639:China (Shandong) 6425:N1b1a2a2-Y15972 6013:N1a2b-B523（P43） 5999:China (Shandong) 5876:N1a2-F1008/L666 5686:N1a1a2b2-F22150 5660:N1a1a2b-Y125664 5425:Chuvash Republic 5238:Estonia, China ( 5227:Siberian Eskimos 4952:Leningrad Oblast 4677:Leningrad Oblast 4457:Lapland Province 4430:Stockholm County 4254:N-Z1928/CTS2733 4030:, Bashkortostan) 3928:, 300 - 100 BCE) 3797:Saint Petersburg 3642:Gävleborg County 3561:Scottish Borders 3559:United Kingdom ( 3551:Kronoberg County 3400:Stockholm County 3312:Leningrad Oblast 3163:Yaroslavl Oblast 3064:Latvia, Ukraine) 2996:Panevėžys County 2828:Poland, Latvia ( 2652:Panevėžys County 2423:Gävleborg County 2409:Stockholm County 2291:United Kingdom ( 2252:Stockholm County 2180:Stockholm County 2076:Kronoberg County 1790:), and England ( 1767:of Russia and a 1578:Tungusic peoples 1574:Mongolic peoples 1566:Uralic languages 1335: 1323: 1322: 1289:Krasnoyarsk Krai 1242:& 35% among 1104:Hongshan Culture 950:Meixian District 761:Northern Samoyed 717:Siberian Eskimos 685:Tungusic peoples 299:25.0%, Northern 111: 99: 98: 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 69:inline citations 45: 44: 37: 21: 15392: 15391: 15387: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15367: 15366: 15318: 15313: 15312: 15307: 15303: 15198: 15194: 15089: 15085: 14980: 14976: 14966: 14962: 14957: 14865: 14859: 14856: 14849:needs expansion 14834: 14832:Further reading 14829: 14795:Nature Genetics 14564: 14552: 14550: 14546: 14539: 14522: 14517: 14393:Genome Research 14175: 14035:Genome Research 13971: 13898: 13842: 13780: 13732: 13666: 13527: 13522: 13515: 13511: 13504: 13500: 13493: 13489: 13482: 13478: 13471: 13467: 13460: 13456: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13434: 13372: 13366: 13359: 13320: 13316: 13264: 13258: 13254: 13246: 13231: 13169: 13163: 13159: 13096: 13089: 13075: 13071: 13061: 13054: 13045: 13044: 13040: 12977: 12973: 12908: 12904: 12859: 12855: 12845: 12843: 12839: 12838: 12834: 12771: 12767: 12720: 12716: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12695: 12685: 12683: 12679: 12678: 12674: 12627: 12618: 12571: 12567: 12559: 12555: 12546: 12544: 12537: 12532: 12531: 12527: 12517: 12513: 12506: 12381: 12372: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12322:(2): eabc4587. 12310:Yersinia pestis 12304: 12300: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12205: 12197: 12190: 12183:"N-Z1956 YTree" 12181: 12180: 12176: 12111: 12104: 12097: 12093: 12088:Kim et al. 2007 12086: 12082: 12077:Cai et al. 2011 12075: 12068: 12063:Wen et al. 2004 12061: 12054: 12047: 12038: 12029: 12028: 12024: 12017: 11928: 11883: 11876: 11869: 11865: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11826: 11789:Genome Research 11781: 11772: 11717: 11708: 11700: 11693: 11654: 11650: 11600: 11594: 11590: 11539: 11535: 11488: 11484: 11444: 11437: 11422: 11418: 11403: 11399: 11358:(7): e0181935. 11344: 11340: 11324: 11320: 11283: 11279: 11248: 11241: 11202: 11195: 11155: 11151: 11120: 11116: 11103: 11099: 11090: 11086: 11041: 11034: 10995: 10988: 10951: 10947: 10902: 10893: 10846: 10842: 10819:(12): 804–811. 10805: 10798: 10753: 10718: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10642: 10605: 10590: 10583: 10579: 10534: 10527: 10520: 10513: 10473: 10469: 10462: 10421: 10374: 10351: 10311: 10304: 10265: 10261: 10238: 10231: 10226:Xue et al. 2006 10224: 10175: 10128: 10117: 10110: 10091: 10046: 10035: 10024: 10009: 9999: 9995: 9955: 9946: 9891: 9884: 9829: 9825: 9788: 9769: 9725: 9716: 9675: 9666: 9653: 9646: 9487: 9462:10.1038/ng.3559 9450:Nature Genetics 9442: 9433: 9425: 8294: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8263: 8259: 8235: 8231: 8226: 8222: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8204: 8191: 8187: 8182: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8155: 8151: 8140: 8136: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8082: 8063: 7606: 7601: 7595: 7592: 7589: 7580: 7576: 7564: 7558: 7528: 7523: 7516: 7511: 7447: 7429: 6913: 6907: 6869:N2a2a-FT352925 6372:N1b1a1-CTS7324 6297:N1a2b2b-Y23786 6293:, Asian Eskimos 6143:Voronezh Oblast 5646:N1a1a2a-Y23749 5517:N1a1a1a2a-B181 5260:Xilingol League 5154:N-Y16312/F2288 5100:Pavlodar Region 5098:), Kazakhstan ( 5027:Siberian Tatars 4734:Vladimir Oblast 4697:Kostroma Oblast 4571:Udmurt Republic 4280:Kostroma Oblast 4161:Voronezh Oblast 4157:Novgorod Oblast 3886:Siberian Tatars 3852:, northwestern 3701:Novgorod Oblast 3658:United States ( 3537:Värmland County 3442:Värmland County 3076:Latvia, Russia) 2817:Belgorod Oblast 2724:Smolensk Oblast 2683:Kostanay Region 2681:), Kazakhstan ( 2658:), Kazakhstan ( 2648:Šiauliai County 2632:Smolensk Oblast 2628:Voronezh Oblast 2614:Šiauliai County 1962:, northwestern 1942:N1a1a1a1a-L392 1920:Aksu Prefecture 1857: 1852: 1825: 1823:Ancient peoples 1732: 1719: 1668: 1613:Turkic-speaking 1560:, and northern 1549: 1378:about 1% (0/43 1321: 1305:Early Neolithic 1297: 1228: 1145: 1136: 1020:Japanese people 907:Southwest China 876: 833: 765:Turkic-speaking 753:Baltic-speaking 622: 572: 552:Pacific Islands 408:Västra Götaland 394:9.0%, Southern 198:Tatar-Bukharans 190:Siberian Tatars 135: 134: 130:Coalescence age 124: 123: 121: 120: 93: 82: 76: 73: 58: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15390: 15380: 15379: 15365: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15317: 15316:External links 15314: 15311: 15310: 15301: 15297: 15296: 15293: 15289: 15288: 15285: 15281: 15280: 15277: 15273: 15272: 15269: 15265: 15264: 15261: 15257: 15256: 15253: 15249: 15248: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15237: 15233: 15232: 15229: 15225: 15224: 15221: 15220:Underhill 2000 15217: 15216: 15213: 15209: 15208: 15205: 15192: 15188: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15179: 15176: 15172: 15171: 15168: 15164: 15163: 15160: 15156: 15155: 15152: 15148: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15139: 15136: 15132: 15131: 15128: 15124: 15123: 15120: 15116: 15115: 15112: 15111:Underhill 2000 15108: 15107: 15104: 15100: 15099: 15096: 15083: 15079: 15078: 15075: 15071: 15070: 15067: 15063: 15062: 15059: 15055: 15054: 15051: 15047: 15046: 15043: 15039: 15038: 15035: 15031: 15030: 15027: 15023: 15022: 15019: 15015: 15014: 15011: 15007: 15006: 15003: 15002:Underhill 2000 14999: 14998: 14995: 14991: 14990: 14987: 14974: 14959: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14952: 14951: 14942: 14933: 14927:ISOGG (2018). 14924: 14918:ISOGG (2011). 14915: 14909:ISOGG (2010). 14906: 14900:ISOGG (2009). 14897: 14891:ISOGG (2008). 14888: 14882:ISOGG (2007). 14879: 14873:ISOGG (2006). 14867: 14866: 14846: 14844: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14827: 14801:(3): 358–361. 14790: 14767:10.1086/302680 14745: 14709: 14674: 14646: 14611: 14588:10.1086/318205 14581:(2): 432–443. 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14532: 14526:ISOGG (2012). 14521: 14518: 14516: 14515: 14472: 14450:10.1086/386292 14444:(5): 856–865. 14429: 14399:(3): 427–436. 14384: 14358:(2): 198–200. 14352:Human Genetics 14347: 14321:(6): 877–900. 14310: 14267: 14214: 14188:(5): 551–562. 14168: 14129: 14080: 14025: 13991:10.1086/323299 13984:(3): 615–628. 13964: 13949: 13911:(1): 163–173. 13883: 13836:Omoto, Keiichi 13831: 13800:10.1086/516757 13793:(5): 884–894. 13773: 13745:(9): 763–770. 13725: 13659: 13599:(2009-11-17). 13592: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13520: 13509: 13506:Su et al. 1999 13498: 13487: 13476: 13465: 13454: 13443: 13432: 13357: 13314: 13252: 13229: 13157: 13087: 13069: 13052: 13047:"N-F2930单倍群详情" 13038: 12971: 12939:10.1086/383203 12932:(4): 661–682. 12902: 12875:(6): 761–789. 12853: 12832: 12765: 12714: 12693: 12672: 12616: 12565: 12561:Hu et al. 2015 12553: 12525: 12511: 12379: 12368:"N-L708 YTree" 12359: 12298: 12239: 12225: 12214: 12203: 12188: 12174: 12102: 12091: 12080: 12066: 12052: 12036: 12022: 11926: 11874: 11863: 11858:"N-F2930单倍群详情" 11849: 11846:Hu et al. 2015 11835: 11824: 11795:(4): 459–466. 11770: 11706: 11691: 11658:Legal Medicine 11648: 11605:Legal Medicine 11588: 11551:(4): 480–495. 11533: 11482: 11455:(3): 175–180. 11435: 11424:Yan L (2011). 11416: 11397: 11338: 11318: 11277: 11239: 11212:(4): 589–599. 11193: 11166:(8): 819–824. 11149: 11130:(4): 353–359. 11114: 11097: 11084: 11055:(8): 963–970. 11032: 10986: 10961:(in Chinese). 10945: 10891: 10840: 10796: 10716: 10677:(10): e76748. 10654: 10640: 10619:(1): 717–727. 10588: 10577: 10548:(2): 229–246. 10525: 10511: 10484:(2): 180–190. 10467: 10419: 10349: 10322:(5): 591–604. 10316:Human Genetics 10302: 10275:(6): 418–430. 10259: 10248:(2): 146–152. 10229: 10173: 10136:Genome Biology 10115: 10089: 10033: 10007: 9993: 9966:(3): 404–416. 9944: 9905:(12): e83570. 9882: 9823: 9767: 9738:(4): 204–211. 9673: 9651: 9485: 9456:(6): 593–599. 9431: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8275: 8266: 8257: 8229: 8220: 8211: 8202: 8185: 8176: 8167: 8158: 8149: 8134: 8101:Human Mutation 8090: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8036: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8001: 7999: 7991: 7989: 7979: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7959: 7957: 7948: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7929: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7898: 7891: 7885: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7844: 7837: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7771: 7763: 7754: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7684: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7651: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7634: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7616: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7583: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7557: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7391: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6909:Main article: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6879:N2a2b-Y101945 6877: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6850: 6837: 6827: 6821: 6804: 6795: 6793:Altai Republic 6786: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6750: 6744:China, Macau, 6737: 6735:(Han), Guangxi 6725: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6706: 6697: 6685: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6650: 6641: 6629: 6609: 6599: 6578: 6565: 6556: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6527:N1b1b1-Y60861 6525: 6515:N1b1b*-Y23789 6507: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6464:China (Shanxi) 6454: 6453: 6452: 6446: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6413: 6397:N1b1a2a1-F839 6389: 6378: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6306: 6295: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6197: 6180: 6167: 6153: 6147: 6137: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6055:N1a2b1b2-B175 6053: 6050:Inner Mongolia 6039:N1a2b1b1-B170 6034: 6019:N-VL67/Z35079 6011: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5995: 5986: 5969: 5959: 5953: 5940: 5931: 5925: 5912: 5903: 5890: 5874: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5831: 5817: 5805: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5785:Hinggan League 5767: 5716: 5684: 5669: 5658: 5636:N1a1a2-Y23747 5634: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5598: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5565: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5528: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5429: 5403:N-A9407/A9411 5375: 5374: 5373: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5330: 5317: 5297: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5197: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5113: 5107: 5086: 5082:Luhansk Oblast 5073: 5069:Inner Mongolia 5060: 5039:Crimean Tatars 4990: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4964: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4888: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4828: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4791: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4767: 4757: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4728: 4715: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4575: 4565: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4504: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4470: 4461: 4438: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4405: 4401:Nord-Trøndelag 4385: 4371: 4361: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4340: 4326: 4313: 4309:Vologda Oblast 4300: 4299: 4298: 4284: 4268: 4264:Irkutsk Oblast 4252: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4230: 4221: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4192: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4151: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4111: 4105: 4092: 4086: 4077: 4068: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4045:Siberian Tatar 4032: 4022: 4013: 4003: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3995:Lipetsk Oblast 3989: 3987:Turkey, Poland 3980: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3952: 3948:Khantia-Mansia 3930: 3926:Sargat culture 3832: 3831: 3830: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3804: 3801: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3769: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3691: 3675: 3664: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3628: 3611: 3593: 3585:Åland Province 3579: 3573: 3555: 3545: 3531: 3527:Lipetsk Oblast 3521: 3511: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3457:Dalarna County 3448: 3447: 3446: 3432: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3368:Dalarna County 3362: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3302: 3293: 3280: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3200: 3183: 3173: 3167: 3157: 3148: 3122: 3110:Talsu apriņķis 3088: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 2994:), Lithuania ( 2980: 2979: 2978: 2974:Telšiai County 2968: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2917: 2913:Vologda Oblast 2907: 2893: 2883: 2869: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2838: 2821: 2811: 2805: 2791: 2787:Vilnius County 2778: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2766:Mogilev Region 2752: 2748:Tauragė County 2746:), Lithuania ( 2738: 2728: 2720:Telšiai County 2710: 2704: 2687: 2679:Bryansk Oblast 2666: 2665: 2664: 2656:Poltava Oblast 2644:Vilnius County 2642:), Lithuania ( 2640:Vitebsk Region 2622: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2574:Vilnius County 2564: 2551: 2541: 2524:Czech Republic 2516:United Kingdom 2460: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2442:Uppsala County 2433: 2432: 2431: 2427:Lipetsk Oblast 2417: 2403: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2361: 2338: 2332: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2287: 2283:Dalarna County 2273: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2242: 2229: 2225:Uppsala County 2215: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2184: 2171: 2158: 2154:Uppsala County 2141: 2127: 2117: 2100: 2094: 2080: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2055: 1901:N1a1a1a-L708 1890: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1824: 1821: 1808:Altai Republic 1731: 1728: 1718: 1715: 1667: 1664: 1570:Turkic peoples 1556:, speakers of 1548: 1545: 1413: 1412: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1317: 1296: 1293: 1227: 1224: 1187:founder effect 1144: 1141: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1117: 1107: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082:Turkish people 1079: 1073: 1067: 1060: 1059:(5/311 = 1.6%) 1054: 1053:(5/181 = 2.8%) 1048: 1042: 1036: 1027: 1017: 1011: 1005: 1002:Tibetan people 999: 993: 987: 981: 975: 969: 968:(4/34 = 11.8%) 959: 958: 952: 946: 940: 934: 931: 925: 875: 872: 832: 829: 749:Finnic peoples 673:Turkic peoples 641:Uralic peoples 621: 618: 571: 568: 556:Southwest Asia 548:Southeast Asia 529:Southeast Asia 493: 492: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 142: 138: 137: 131: 127: 126: 117: 113: 112: 104: 103: 95: 94: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15389: 15378: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15332: 15327: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15305: 15294: 15291: 15290: 15286: 15283: 15282: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15270: 15267: 15266: 15262: 15259: 15258: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15238: 15235: 15234: 15230: 15227: 15226: 15222: 15219: 15218: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15196: 15185: 15182: 15181: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15169: 15166: 15165: 15161: 15158: 15157: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15145: 15142: 15141: 15137: 15134: 15133: 15129: 15126: 15125: 15121: 15118: 15117: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15105: 15102: 15101: 15097: 15094: 15093: 15087: 15076: 15073: 15072: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15060: 15057: 15056: 15052: 15049: 15048: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15036: 15033: 15032: 15028: 15025: 15024: 15020: 15017: 15016: 15012: 15009: 15008: 15004: 15001: 15000: 14996: 14993: 14992: 14988: 14985: 14984: 14978: 14971: 14964: 14960: 14955:Phylogenetics 14948: 14943: 14939: 14934: 14930: 14925: 14921: 14916: 14912: 14907: 14903: 14898: 14894: 14889: 14885: 14880: 14876: 14871: 14870: 14863: 14860:December 2012 14854: 14850: 14847:This section 14845: 14842: 14838: 14837: 14824: 14820: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14807:10.1038/81685 14804: 14800: 14796: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14746: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14723: 14719: 14715: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14689:(2): 97–104. 14688: 14684: 14680: 14675: 14672: 14668: 14664: 14660: 14657:(8): 356–62, 14656: 14652: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14625: 14621: 14617: 14612: 14608: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14567: 14566: 14549:on 2004-07-28 14545: 14538: 14533: 14529: 14524: 14523: 14512: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14494: 14490: 14486: 14482: 14478: 14473: 14469: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14451: 14447: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14357: 14353: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14315:Human Biology 14311: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14273: 14268: 14264: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14224: 14220: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14187: 14183: 14182: 14174: 14169: 14165: 14161: 14157: 14153: 14149: 14145: 14141: 14137: 14136: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14118: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14095: 14090: 14086: 14081: 14077: 14073: 14069: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14042:(5): 80–838. 14041: 14037: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14023: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13983: 13979: 13978: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13905: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13888:Reidla, Maere 13884: 13880: 13876: 13872: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13854: 13850: 13849: 13841: 13837: 13832: 13828: 13824: 13820: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13787: 13779: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13762: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13739: 13731: 13726: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13678: 13674: 13673: 13665: 13660: 13656: 13652: 13648: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13608: 13607: 13602: 13598: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13529: 13518: 13513: 13507: 13502: 13496: 13491: 13485: 13480: 13474: 13469: 13463: 13458: 13452: 13447: 13441: 13436: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13392: 13388: 13384: 13380: 13379: 13371: 13364: 13362: 13353: 13349: 13345: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13329: 13325: 13318: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13274: 13270: 13263: 13256: 13249: 13244: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13234: 13225: 13221: 13217: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13176: 13168: 13161: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13127: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13111: 13107: 13106: 13101: 13094: 13092: 13084: 13080: 13079: 13073: 13066: 13065: 13059: 13057: 13048: 13042: 13034: 13030: 13026: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13008: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12975: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12931: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12912:Rootsi, Siiri 12906: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12868:Human Biology 12864: 12857: 12842: 12836: 12828: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12786: 12782: 12781: 12776: 12769: 12761: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12730: 12725: 12718: 12703: 12697: 12682: 12676: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12642: 12638: 12637: 12632: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12581: 12576: 12569: 12562: 12557: 12542: 12538: 12529: 12522: 12521:Front. Genet. 12515: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12490: 12488: 12486: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12438: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12422: 12420: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12390: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12369: 12363: 12355: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12313: 12311: 12302: 12294: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12243: 12237: 12232: 12230: 12223: 12218: 12212: 12207: 12200: 12195: 12193: 12184: 12178: 12170: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12121: 12116: 12109: 12107: 12100: 12095: 12089: 12084: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12064: 12059: 12057: 12050: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12032: 12026: 12020: 12015: 12013: 12011: 12009: 12007: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11922: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11879: 11872: 11867: 11859: 11853: 11847: 11842: 11840: 11833: 11828: 11820: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11766: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11731:(6): e66102. 11730: 11726: 11722: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11703: 11698: 11696: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11652: 11644: 11640: 11636: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11546: 11545: 11537: 11529: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11486: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11442: 11440: 11431: 11427: 11420: 11413:(1): 146–156. 11412: 11408: 11401: 11393: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11342: 11335:(316): 85–95. 11334: 11330: 11322: 11314: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11281: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11246: 11244: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11200: 11198: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11153: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11094: 11088: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11039: 11037: 11028: 11024: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10993: 10991: 10982: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10965:(2): 168–74. 10964: 10960: 10956: 10949: 10941: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10887: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10844: 10836: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10803: 10801: 10792: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10712: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10661: 10659: 10652: 10647: 10645: 10636: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10586: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10532: 10530: 10523: 10518: 10516: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10471: 10465: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10424: 10415: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10387: 10383: 10379: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10309: 10307: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10263: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10236: 10234: 10227: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10169: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10113: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10031: 10029: 10022: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10012: 10004: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9940: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9889: 9887: 9878: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9827: 9819: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9802:(6): e23194. 9801: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9732: 9724: 9720: 9719:Rootsi, Siiri 9714: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9670: 9667:ISOGG, 2016, 9664: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9649: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9481: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9428: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8292: 8270: 8261: 8254: 8252: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8233: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8180: 8171: 8162: 8153: 8146: 8145: 8138: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8107:(2): 187–91. 8106: 8102: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8058: 8056: 8051: 8045: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7985: 7976: 7969: 7964: 7954: 7945: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7896: 7890: 7889: 7881: 7876: 7875: 7867: 7862: 7861: 7855: 7850: 7842: 7833: 7828: 7827: 7821: 7818: 7813: 7807: 7804: 7799: 7793: 7790: 7785: 7779: 7776: 7769: 7760: 7752: 7745: 7742: 7737: 7730: 7725: 7719: 7716: 7711: 7705: 7702: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7682: 7675: 7672: 7666: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7599: 7596:February 2021 7587: 7582: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7563: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7543: 7541: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7519: 7518: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7442: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7285: 7282: 7279: 7276: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6912: 6890: 6888: 6887:Moscow Oblast 6884: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6866:N2a2-Y111068 6865: 6855: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6833:Rostov Oblast 6828: 6826:N2a1a1-Y7313* 6825: 6824: 6823:N2a1a1-Y7313 6822: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6809:N2a1a-Y7310* 6808: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6648:China (Hebei) 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391:N1b1a2a-L732 6390: 6388: 6387: 6383:N1b1a2*-L727 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6251:Komi Republic 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6193:Žilina Region 6191:), Slovakia ( 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6161:), Bulgaria ( 6160: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6036:N1a2b1b-B169 6035: 6033: 6032: 6028:N1a2b1a-B168 6027: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6000: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5796: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600:N1a1a1b-B187 5599: 5597: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5578: 5576: 5575:Bashkortostan 5572: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5538:Komi Republic 5535: 5534:Bashkortostan 5529: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4921: 4919: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4895: 4894:Bashkortostan 4889: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4724:Kurgan Oblast 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4680: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4434:Örebro County 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4381:Oulu Province 4378: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4147:Tambov Oblast 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4120: 4118: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4042:Tyumen Oblast 4039: 4038:Samara Oblast 4033: 4031: 4029: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4009:Bashkortostan 4004: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3810:Komi Republic 3805: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3768: 3766: 3765:Oulu Province 3760: 3756: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004:North Brabant 3001: 3000:South Holland 2997: 2993: 2992:Tyumen Oblast 2987: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948:Lääne-Virumaa 2943: 2941: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2889:Wielkopolskie 2884: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2875:Kalmar County 2870: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2844:Ryazan Oblast 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2797:Alytus County 2792: 2790: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2758:Grodno Region 2753: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716:Kaunas County 2711: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2696:Grodno Region 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2660:Jambyl Region 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2599:Bashkortostan 2594: 2592: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2482:, South-West 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2090:Örebro County 2087: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2061:Samara Oblast 2056: 2054: 2052: 2051:Moscow Oblast 2046: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1898:N1a1a1-F1419 1897: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1796:Botai culture 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784:Moscow Oblast 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765:Rostov Oblast 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1727: 1725: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:Khakas people 1614: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455:Bouyei people 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423:Manchu people 1420: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1394:1/41 = 2.4%, 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1140: 1131: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1072:(1/89 = 1.1%) 1071: 1070:Forest Nenets 1068: 1066:(1/40 = 2.5%) 1065: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1051:Khakas people 1049: 1047:(2/23 = 8.7%) 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1016:(2/70 = 2.9%) 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 992:(1/28 = 3.6%) 991: 988: 985: 984:Manchu people 982: 980:(2/49 = 4.1%) 979: 976: 974:(4/41 = 9.8%) 973: 970: 967: 964: 963: 962: 957: 953: 951: 947: 945: 941: 939: 935: 932: 930: 926: 924: 920: 919: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 871: 869: 865: 861: 855: 853: 850:and one from 849: 845: 841: 836: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 800: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 626: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 576: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 499: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:Northern Thai 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 370:12.5%–13.3%, 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322:17.1%–18.0%, 321: 317: 313: 309: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291:30.6%-33.9%, 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 263:40.5%–44.5%, 262: 258: 254: 251: 248:37.1%–53.8%, 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224:33.3%–79.5%, 223: 219: 215: 211: 208:64.3%–89.3%, 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 180:81.8%–94.6%, 179: 175: 172: 168: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 147: 143: 139: 132: 128: 118: 114: 110: 105: 100: 91: 88: 80: 77:November 2021 70: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 15329: 15304: 15260:Capelli 2001 15236:Karafet 2001 15195: 15151:Capelli 2001 15127:Karafet 2001 15086: 15042:Capelli 2001 15018:Karafet 2001 14989:N-M46/N-TAT 14977: 14963: 14857: 14853:adding to it 14848: 14798: 14794: 14757: 14753: 14717: 14713: 14686: 14682: 14654: 14650: 14623: 14619: 14578: 14574: 14551:. 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Retrieved 12362: 12319: 12315: 12309: 12301: 12256: 12252: 12242: 12217: 12206: 12177: 12124: 12118: 12094: 12083: 12025: 11894: 11890: 11866: 11852: 11827: 11792: 11788: 11728: 11724: 11661: 11657: 11651: 11611:(1): 20–25. 11608: 11604: 11591: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11499: 11495: 11485: 11452: 11448: 11429: 11425: 11419: 11410: 11406: 11400: 11355: 11351: 11341: 11332: 11328: 11321: 11294: 11290: 11280: 11255: 11251: 11209: 11205: 11163: 11159: 11152: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11109: 11105: 11100: 11092: 11087: 11052: 11048: 11005:(1): 61–73. 11002: 10998: 10962: 10958: 10948: 10913: 10909: 10857: 10853: 10843: 10816: 10812: 10764: 10760: 10674: 10670: 10616: 10612: 10580: 10545: 10541: 10481: 10477: 10470: 10385: 10381: 10319: 10315: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10245: 10241: 10139: 10135: 10057: 10053: 10027: 10002: 9996: 9963: 9959: 9902: 9898: 9840: 9836: 9826: 9799: 9795: 9735: 9729: 9453: 9449: 8269: 8260: 8250: 8243: 8238: 8232: 8223: 8214: 8205: 8188: 8179: 8170: 8161: 8152: 8143: 8137: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8085: 7950: 7893: 7593: 7585: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7386: 7385: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6914: 6880: 6870: 6853: 6843: 6830: 6810: 6806:N2a1a-Y7310 6792: 6753: 6743: 6731: 6722: 6709: 6703: 6694: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6653: 6647: 6638: 6615: 6607:), Singapore 6602: 6584: 6571: 6562: 6552:Pingliangtai 6549: 6540: 6528: 6516: 6510: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6449: 6436:China (esp. 6435: 6429: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6384: 6380:N1b1a2-L727 6373: 6364: 6363:N1b1-CTS582 6335:Medny Island 6327:Kirov Oblast 6309: 6301: 6225: 6207:Penza Oblast 6200: 6186: 6173: 6156: 6150: 6140: 6128: 6084: 6083:N1a2b3-B525 6074:Tomsk Oblast 6056: 6040: 6029: 6023: 5998: 5992: 5975: 5962: 5956: 5946: 5937: 5928: 5918: 5909: 5896: 5883: 5867: 5834: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5801:Heilongjiang 5798: 5770: 5764: 5719: 5705: 5699: 5687: 5675: 5664: 5647: 5637: 5601: 5591: 5568: 5561:Penza Oblast 5550: 5531: 5524:Kirov Oblast 5521: 5458: 5432: 5421:Zadar County 5419:), Croatia ( 5414: 5404: 5378: 5370: 5364: 5355: 5333: 5323: 5303: 5294: 5285: 5279: 5237: 5216: 5200: 5158: 5147: 5137: 5119: 5110: 5104: 5089: 5079: 5066: 5057: 4996: 4967: 4949: 4943: 4934: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4891: 4885: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4831: 4825: 4816: 4803: 4797: 4788: 4770: 4760: 4750: 4731: 4721: 4708: 4699:), Estonia ( 4690: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4600: 4594: 4581: 4568: 4562: 4541: 4535: 4526: 4507: 4501: 4488: 4473: 4467: 4455:), Finland ( 4450: 4427: 4408: 4394: 4374: 4364: 4354: 4329: 4319: 4306: 4290:Kirov Oblast 4287: 4277: 4261: 4233: 4227: 4217:Kirov Oblast 4214: 4195: 4185: 4173: 4154: 4144: 4114: 4108: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4074: 4061: 4035: 4025: 4019: 4006: 3992: 3986: 3973: 3955: 3945: 3923: 3862:Volga Tatars 3835: 3821: 3807: 3794: 3785: 3762: 3754: 3744: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3713: 3694: 3684: 3670: 3657: 3639: 3631: 3617: 3596: 3582: 3576: 3558: 3548: 3539:), Estonia ( 3534: 3524: 3514: 3500: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3454: 3435: 3429: 3407: 3397: 3391: 3382: 3372:Kursk Oblast 3365: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3323: 3305: 3299: 3286: 3273: 3256: 3250: 3240: 3210:Brest Region 3208:), Belarus ( 3203: 3194:), Estonia ( 3189: 3179:Minsk Region 3176: 3170: 3165:), Lithuania 3160: 3154: 3134:), Ukraine ( 3125: 3114:Pskov Oblast 3091: 3083: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3031: 3021: 3011: 2989: 2983: 2971: 2961: 2955: 2945: 2935: 2920: 2915:, Tatarstan) 2910: 2896: 2886: 2872: 2861:Lower Saxony 2858: 2841: 2832:), Ukraine ( 2827: 2814: 2808: 2794: 2784: 2762:Minsk Region 2755: 2741: 2736:), Lithuania 2731: 2713: 2707: 2698:), Ukraine ( 2693: 2675:Minsk Region 2672: 2638:), Belarus ( 2625: 2611: 2596: 2586: 2567: 2557: 2544: 2537:Kursk Oblast 2534: 2449: 2439: 2420: 2406: 2400: 2389: 2382:Skåne County 2379: 2364: 2354: 2341: 2325: 2290: 2276: 2270: 2269:N-FGC14542* 2256:Pskov Oblast 2245: 2235: 2218: 2208: 2187: 2177: 2164: 2147: 2130: 2120: 2106: 2097: 2083: 2073: 2058: 2048: 1949: 1905: 1883: 1863: 1858: 1841: 1826: 1804: 1781: 1761: 1733: 1723: 1720: 1702: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1673:Tozhu Tuvans 1669: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1632: 1623:of northern 1609: 1586: 1550: 1532: 1524:Liao Dynasty 1517: 1514: 1499: 1416: 1302: 1298: 1281:Trans-Baikal 1278: 1263: 1252: 1248: 1229: 1226:N1a1a (M178) 1219: 1218:Lappalainen 1217: 1212: 1211:Lappalainen 1210: 1204:nomads from 1197: 1191: 1180: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1137: 1129: 1090: 1039:Altai people 978:Tujia people 960: 899:Butuo County 892: 877: 863: 856: 837: 834: 801: 797: 744: 713:Luoravetlans 704: 676: 639:, including 634: 631: 620:Distribution 606:Fennoscandia 591: 581: 533: 521:Central Asia 510: 497: 496: 424:Västerbotten 293:Volga Tatars 240:27.2–54.5%, 102:Haplogroup N 83: 74: 51: 15244:Semino 2000 15228:Hammer 2001 15135:Semino 2000 15119:Hammer 2001 15026:Semino 2000 15010:Hammer 2001 14229:(1): e172. 13892:Järve, Mari 11626:10091/17954 11426:中国西部人群的遗传混合 9843:(13): 127. 6885:), Russia ( 6803:N2a1-Y6516* 6800:N2a1-Y6516 6797:N2a-P189.2 6695:Hubei (Han) 6683:), Mongolia 6614:N-CTS4714* 6448:N-MF155949 6185:N-BY29131* 6139:N-BY173686 6130:Afghanistan 6118:Belarusians 5993:South Korea 5991:N-Y173843* 5936:N-CTS1350* 5914:N1a2a-M128 5763:N-MF124520 5704:N-MF200125 5698:N-FT281705 5663:N-Y125664* 5640:Sado Island 5619:Tozhu Tuvan 5437:), Turkey ( 5423:), Russia ( 5293:N-FT411801 5146:N-FT411781 5096:Małopolskie 5094:), Poland ( 5043:Karakalpaks 4845:N-BY142665 4796:N-Y152012* 4660:N-BY190112 4636:N-BY194138 4618:N-FGC65190 4540:N-BY149208 4534:N-Y151660* 4491:Tver Oblast 4399:), Norway ( 4276:N-Y129131* 4240:Tver Oblast 4198:Tula Oblast 4184:N-Y180247* 4153:N-BY184755 4143:N-Y159520* 4107:N-FT179291 4097:N-BY51877* 3985:N-FT180377 3982:N-FT164840 3922:N-BY199053 3699:), Russia ( 3683:N-BY33087* 3669:N-CTS3451* 3622:), Norway ( 3607:Tula Oblast 3605:), Russia ( 3541:Viljandimaa 3507:Westminster 3466:N-CTS11122 3390:N-BY100801 3370:), Russia ( 3310:), Russia ( 3298:N-FT216144 3255:N-BY117178 3206:Sumy Oblast 3196:Viljandimaa 3136:Lviv Oblast 3132:Mazowieckie 3128:Małopolskie 3116:), Poland ( 3112:), Russia ( 3100:), Latvia ( 3094:Ida-Virumaa 3068:N-BY202983 3062:N-FTD92343 3056:N-FT109465 3030:N-FTE39526 3020:N-FTE38475 3010:N-FTC49461 2972:Lithuania ( 2970:N-FGC39882 2954:N-FT213922 2901:), Norway ( 2834:Kyiv Oblast 2799:), Poland ( 2795:Lithuania ( 2785:Lithuania ( 2722:), Russia ( 2714:Lithuania ( 2677:), Russia ( 2616:), Poland ( 2612:Lithuania ( 2568:Lithuania ( 2512:Netherlands 2476:Belarusians 2464:Lithuanians 2425:), Russia ( 2311:), Sweden ( 2303:), Norway ( 2299:), Canada ( 2281:), Sweden ( 2266:N-FGC14542 2254:), Russia ( 2250:), Sweden ( 2238:Ida-Virumaa 1992:Belarusians 1952:Lithuanians 1895:N1a1a-M178 1817:Lake Baikal 1786:), France ( 1717:N1b (F2930) 1677:Sart-Kalmak 1666:N1a2b1-B478 1562:Khakassians 1547:N1a2b (P43) 1439:Han Chinese 1427:Sibe people 1359:F710, F1998 1356:Descendants 1313:Lake Baikal 1240:Lithuanians 1196:. Karlsson 972:Sibe people 966:Hani people 956:Yining City 915:Han Chinese 842:males from 771:,,but also 741:Han Chinese 467:3.9% (2.8% 428:Han Chinese 356:Belarusians 279:33.7%–36%, 261:Lithuanians 250:Arkhangelsk 176:58%–94.1%, 136:25,313 ybp 125:41,900 ybp 14970:ISOGG 2012 14553:2009-08-29 13959:1504.06463 12547:2024-03-11 12373:2022-11-28 12127:(1): 216. 11502:(5): 564. 10860:: 754492. 10142:(1): 139. 8288:References 7462:Haplogroup 7439:ISOGG 2012 7013:ISOGG 2012 7008:ISOGG 2011 7003:ISOGG 2010 6998:ISOGG 2009 6993:ISOGG 2008 6988:ISOGG 2007 6983:ISOGG 2006 6848:), Croatia 6791:N2-Y6503* 6742:N-Y24355* 6702:N-Y62067* 6646:N-Y24193* 6637:N-Y24191* 6611:N-CTS4714 6601:N-Y193396 6589:), Korea ( 6580:N-Y125475 6474:N-Y232856 6462:N-Y154812 6415:N-Y137601 6360:N1b-F2905 6255:Ob-Ugrians 6199:N-BY30476 6182:N-BY29131 6172:N-Y37153* 6155:N-Y136502 6114:Ukrainians 5997:N-Y174089 5988:N-Y173843 5974:N-Y71703* 5961:N-MF41795 5933:N-CTS1350 5908:N-Y23741* 5833:N-MF48201 5813:N-MF37603 5807:N-MF55680 5760:N-MF82671 5718:N-MF43738 5671:N-MF16376 5567:N-Y143277 5520:N-Y182299 5488:Belarusian 5472:Ob-Ugrians 5157:N-Y16312* 5122:Ordos City 5115:N-Y226011 5078:N-Y16220* 5065:N-Y16221* 5051:Ukrainians 5007:Karanogays 4942:N-BY22090 4914:N-Y135981 4902:N-BY22038 4884:N-Y24218* 4875:N-BY62666 4869:N-FT20730 4842:N-CTS7189 4824:N-Y125841 4821:N-BY28931 4802:N-Y152010 4793:N-Y152012 4787:N-Y132565 4784:N-Y132561 4759:N-BY30470 4713:), Finland 4703:), Finland 4693:Altai Krai 4672:N-CTS3223 4648:N-BY22141 4593:N-Y29759* 4580:N-Y30513* 4567:N-BY30394 4561:N-BY18114 4558:N-CTS8565 4531:N-Y151660 4525:N-YP6269* 4487:N-Y31247* 4472:N-Y106419 4466:N-Y47623* 4449:N-Y22091* 4443:N-CTS4329 4393:N-Y20920* 4305:N-YP6092* 4273:N-Y129131 4260:N-YP6091* 4226:N-Y19453* 4213:N-Y19108* 4194:N-FT52835 4181:N-Y180247 4172:N-Y18421* 4140:N-Y159520 4094:N-BY51877 4082:N-Y24374* 4073:N-Y24378* 4018:N-Y24222* 3997:), Hungary 3978:), Hungary 3972:N-FT12659 3969:N-FT12605 3944:N-Y28538* 3914:Karanogays 3910:Ukrainians 3878:Ob-Ugrians 3848:, Swedish 3793:N-Y32732* 3743:N-Y26750* 3722:N-BY70437 3712:N-CTS657* 3693:N-BY33088 3680:N-BY33087 3666:N-CTS3451 3565:Calderdale 3533:N-Y132182 3513:N-BY22001 3381:N-Y23576* 3333:N-Y15813* 3285:N-A16017* 3272:N-Y128024 3239:N-Y19098* 3188:N-FT96305 3159:N-ZS11617 3153:N-Y11882* 3144:New Jersey 3082:N-BY21926 3074:N-BY40639 3050:N-BY52958 3044:N-BY14147 2960:N-BY32524 2944:N-CTS8173 2909:N-Y183040 2895:N-Y139030 2885:N-BY21893 2846:), Germany 2826:N-BY21911 2754:N-Y134492 2692:N-Z16976* 2595:N-Y143451 2585:N-Y140872 2558:Portugal ( 2556:N-Y13982* 2543:N-BY30389 2480:Ukrainians 2353:N-Y12104* 2330:), Finland 2324:N-BY21874 2275:N-BY21938 2244:N-BY21957 2234:N-Y36282* 2192:), Finland 2176:N-Y29764* 2163:N-Y30126* 2057:N-BY33095 2047:N-Y46443* 2032:Karanogays 1996:Ukrainians 1966:, Swedish 1882:N-Y149447 1749:Montenegro 1730:N2 (Y6503) 1451:Vietnamese 1401:Mongolians 1319:N1a2a-M128 1110:Halahaigou 1100:Niuheliang 1030:Manchurian 990:Bit people 888:ISOGG 2019 485:Vietnamese 477:Kyrgyzstan 392:Ukrainians 194:Zabolotnie 61:improve it 14142:: 63–70. 13679:(1): 25. 13385:: 14121. 13152:256769352 13033:257478780 13007:2500-3259 12809:2375-2548 12659:0092-8674 12611:237281094 11664:: 58–61. 11566:10130/491 11477:237546416 11188:256072306 11027:205598345 10498:1022-7954 10388:(1): 10. 9980:0026-8933 8251:PhyloTree 8086:Footnotes 7482:Paragroup 7467:Haplotype 6875:), Turkey 6813:Hungarian 6811:Romania ( 6788:N2-Y6503 6755:Guangdong 6752:N-Y64234 6739:N-Y24355 6730:N-M1811* 6723:Chongqing 6721:N-M1823* 6708:N-Y62132 6704:Guangdong 6699:N-Y62067 6693:N-F1260* 6677:N-F1486* 6673:Chongqing 6665:N-M1877* 6652:N-Y24190 6643:N-Y24193 6634:N-Y24191 6587:Chongqing 6583:N-Y63516 6572:Sichuan ( 6570:N-M1928* 6561:N-M1845* 6548:N-M1897* 6487:Pomorskie 6480:N-Y15965 6468:N-Y16106 6442:Guangdong 6434:N-Y62279 6409:N-F16160 6403:N-F18335 6331:Perm Krai 6300:N1a2b2b* 6291:Nganasans 6287:Khakasses 6271:Karelians 6259:Chuvashes 6247:Perm Krai 6203:Tatarstan 6176:Tatarstan 6169:N-Y37153 6159:Tatarstan 6058:Tuvinians 5971:N-Y71703 5955:N-MF1633 5945:N-F1998* 5927:N-Y23738 5905:N-Y23741 5895:N-F1154* 5882:N-F1101* 5866:N-F1360* 5819:N-F21121 5773:Hulunbuir 5712:Changchun 5615:Tuvinians 5587:N-Y24317 5571:Tatarstan 5553:Tatarstan 5549:N-Y23183 5530:N-Y23788 5492:Karanogay 5433:Hungary ( 5431:N-PH1896 5415:Hungary ( 5377:N-PH1612 5369:N-Y60223 5363:N-Y70200 5334:Yakutia ( 5332:N-Y25011 5324:Yakutia ( 5199:N-Y16320 5140:Hulunbuir 5118:N-Z35331 5109:N-Y63966 5105:1680 ybp) 5088:N-F22331 5080:Ukraine ( 5075:N-Y16220 5062:N-Y16221 5056:N-F4205* 4960:Tatarstan 4948:N-Y21575 4933:N-Y17790 4908:N-Y13974 4890:N-Y24217 4881:N-Y24218 4863:N-Y80226 4857:N-Y23568 4851:N-Y37149 4830:N-Y11631 4815:N-Z35031 4771:Finland ( 4769:N-Y20915 4761:Finland ( 4730:N-Y63781 4666:N-Y19097 4654:N-FT5834 4642:N-Y28547 4630:N-Y20910 4624:N-Y18414 4612:N-Z4998* 4599:N-Y29758 4590:N-Y29759 4582:Finland ( 4577:N-Y30513 4522:N-YP6269 4508:Finland ( 4506:N-Y31244 4500:N-Y90283 4497:N-Y31249 4484:N-Y31247 4463:N-Y47623 4446:N-Y22091 4426:N-Y22108 4409:Finland ( 4407:N-Y21699 4395:Finland ( 4390:N-Y20920 4375:Finland ( 4373:N-Y62904 4363:N-Y29767 4353:N-Z1925* 4328:N-Y62142 4302:N-YP6092 4286:N-A25107 4270:N-YP6094 4257:N-YP6091 4232:N-Y19451 4223:N-Y19453 4210:N-Y19108 4188:Tatarstan 4178:N-Y19110 4169:N-Y18421 4163:, Moscow) 4088:N-Y24360 4079:N-Y24374 4070:N-Y24378 4034:N-Y62987 4024:N-Y65329 4015:N-Y24222 4005:N-Y23732 3991:N-F17885 3941:N-Y28538 3932:N-Y13852 3919:N-Y13851 3902:Estonians 3898:Chuvashes 3894:Nganasans 3846:Karelians 3812:), Sweden 3806:N-Y32731 3803:N-Y192174 3790:N-Y32732 3784:N-Y46746 3763:Finland ( 3761:N-PH3568 3753:N-A16653 3740:N-Y26750 3734:N-Y45925 3728:N-BY6024 3709:N-CTS657 3695:Finland ( 3685:Finland ( 3656:N-BY6010 3638:N-Y16503 3630:N-A17082 3616:N-Y24001 3613:N-Y24000 3599:Jõgevamaa 3581:N-Z35267 3575:N-Y18420 3557:N-Y24502 3547:N-Y20917 3523:N-BY6007 3515:Estonia ( 3501:Estonia ( 3499:N-Y5003* 3472:N-A17277 3463:N-PH2196 3453:N-A13656 3450:N-Y10756 3434:N-Y79341 3428:N-Y47789 3425:N-Y22106 3406:N-Y23179 3396:N-A17838 3387:N-Y15615 3378:N-Y23576 3364:N-Y24617 3354:N-A14187 3351:N-Y15812 3345:N-Y46886 3339:N-Y49008 3330:N-Y15813 3306:Estonia ( 3304:N-Y95406 3295:N-A16526 3287:Estonia ( 3282:N-A16017 3269:N-A17632 3249:N-A12258 3236:N-Y19098 3204:Ukraine ( 3202:N-Y33333 3185:N-Y32725 3175:N-Y94659 3169:N-Y24601 3150:N-Y11882 3118:Pomorskie 2988:N-A11470 2982:N-FT6082 2962:Estonia ( 2946:Estonia ( 2931:N-Z16981 2865:Tatarstan 2857:N-Y4706* 2840:N-Y13979 2823:N-Y14152 2813:N-Y86578 2807:N-Y46313 2801:Podlaskie 2793:N-Y15251 2756:Belarus ( 2740:N-Y19113 2712:N-Y21578 2706:N-Y13475 2694:Belarus ( 2689:N-Z16976 2673:Belarus ( 2668:N-Z16975 2636:Tatarstan 2618:Podlaskie 2610:N-Y93996 2582:N-A11940 2566:N-Y31236 2553:N-Y13982 2533:N-L1025* 2492:Estonians 2472:Estonians 2448:N-Y10931 2438:N-Y85136 2435:N-Y10932 2405:N-Y21546 2399:N-Y5611* 2388:N-Y22774 2378:N-Y57577 2375:N-Y19111 2363:N-Y12103 2350:N-Y12104 2289:N-Y17113 2231:N-Y36282 2217:N-S18447 2207:N-S9378* 2186:N-Y30123 2173:N-Y29764 2160:N-Y30126 2146:N-Y61225 2143:N-Y28771 2129:N-Y20918 2119:N-Y29766 2105:N-Y7795* 2096:N-Y20911 2044:N-Y46443 2016:Chuvashes 1972:Karelians 1960:Estonians 1876:N1a-L729 1850:Phylogeny 1625:Khakassia 1485:tribe of 1257:speaking 1244:Estonians 1176:Hmong Daw 1062:Southern 895:Yi people 848:Guangzhou 831:N* (M231) 809:Hungarian 785:Chuvashes 733:Lithuania 709:Yukaghirs 669:Nganasans 594:East Asia 564:East Asia 536:paragroup 525:East Asia 420:Jönköping 406:6.8% (0% 289:Estonians 246:Karelians 220:41%–65%, 188:) 90.2%, 174:Nganassan 146:East Asia 144:Northern 65:verifying 15371:Category 14823:12893406 14815:11062480 14786:10577926 14742:11073453 14705:11313742 14671:10904265 14642:11420360 14607:11170891 14520:Websites 14511:16489223 14481:Genetics 14468:15042512 14425:32098773 14380:30671159 14372:11935328 14343:17385503 14335:15974299 14306:32079904 14298:18294359 14263:17245448 14223:PLOS ONE 14202:17633562 14164:28132496 14156:15716011 14117:20207712 14076:12995903 14068:18385274 14018:27785973 14010:11481588 13945:20536258 13937:27392075 13871:16328082 13827:25312596 13819:17436243 13769:25599501 13761:17703276 13721:16326890 13713:20100333 13655:32040326 13647:19920170 13580:21904623 13539:PLOS One 13427:15387583 13419:28098136 13352:49311699 13344:29923068 13309:16464327 13301:25254093 13224:19587039 13216:25334030 13182:: 5257. 13144:29743675 13064:N-P189.2 13025:36923476 13016:10009483 12966:18395985 12958:15024688 12889:12617488 12846:10 March 12827:36930720 12818:10022901 12760:36654346 12707:10 March 12686:10 March 12667:34048699 12603:34425243 12541:23mofang 12354:33523963 12293:22586127 12169:13544780 12161:24079706 11921:29743352 11819:25770088 11765:23840409 11725:PLOS ONE 11686:43668117 11678:27591541 11643:19534157 11635:24262653 11575:17274803 11528:32443545 11469:34531527 11392:28742125 11352:PLOS ONE 11313:23682168 11272:53085396 11234:27644576 11226:22569803 11180:30047114 11079:23227271 11071:16724001 11019:19040656 10981:23448929 10940:19259129 10886:34659368 10835:24132124 10791:30976109 10711:24204668 10671:PLOS ONE 10635:20837606 10572:22281367 10506:15595963 10414:21463511 10344:23011845 10336:16261343 10297:13050610 10289:26411886 10168:30241495 10084:19488203 10076:18506205 10028:Genetika 9988:37140960 9939:24349531 9899:PLOS ONE 9877:23782551 9818:30408262 9762:19265287 9754:17149388 9480:27111036 8248:, and; 8239:op. cit. 8129:23291764 8121:24166809 7759:F-Y27277 7487:Subclade 7020:N-LLY22g 6871:France ( 6831:Russia ( 6727:N-M1811 6718:N-M1823 6690:N-F1260 6687:N-M1812 6671:N-F1486 6662:N-M1877 6631:N-F2407 6567:N-M1928 6558:N-M1845 6319:Khanties 6267:Bashkirs 6235:Russians 6201:Russia ( 6187:Turkey ( 6174:Russia ( 6157:Russia ( 6141:Russia ( 6127:N-B525* 6122:Russians 6110:Bulgaria 6106:Slovakia 6094:Bashkirs 5949:Kumamoto 5942:N-F1998 5917:N-M128* 5899:Liaoning 5892:N-F1154 5886:Shandong 5879:N-F1101 5863:N-F1360 5750:Shaoxing 5746:Shanghai 5666:Shanghai 5654:Hokkaidō 5611:Altaians 5569:Russia ( 5557:Mordovia 5551:Russia ( 5532:Russia ( 5522:Russia ( 5496:Karelian 5413:N-A9416 5397:Shenyang 5393:Tangshan 5385:Shangqiu 5322:N-M1988 5319:N-M1991 5302:N-M1932 5290:N-M1993 5284:N-M2016 5278:N-M2058 5272:Songyuan 5268:Cangzhou 5256:Changzhi 5219:Chukchis 5189:Xianyang 5173:Tangshan 5169:Chaoyang 5165:Shenyang 5090:Turkey ( 5023:Altaians 5003:Tsaatans 4966:N-Z1940 4939:N-Z1941 4930:N-Z4747 4918:Finnmark 4812:N-Z2445 4781:N-Z1939 4751:Russia ( 4749:N-VL72* 4732:Russia ( 4722:Russia ( 4720:N-VL60* 4709:Russia ( 4707:N-VL62* 4701:Harjumaa 4691:Russia ( 4609:N-Z4998 4542:Sweden ( 4489:Russia ( 4476:Finnmark 4474:Norway ( 4453:Nordland 4451:Norway ( 4440:N-Z1933 4423:N-Z1927 4365:Sweden ( 4355:Sweden ( 4330:Russia ( 4320:Russia ( 4318:N-B195* 4307:Russia ( 4288:Russia ( 4278:Russia ( 4262:Russia ( 4196:Russia ( 4186:Russia ( 4155:Russia ( 4145:Russia ( 4115:Russia ( 4062:Russia ( 4060:N-PRX35 4007:Russia ( 3993:Russia ( 3974:Greece ( 3966:N-L1442 3954:N-L1032 3946:Russia ( 3906:Latvians 3874:Nenetses 3866:Russians 3858:Bashkirs 3854:Russians 3808:Russia ( 3795:Russia ( 3745:Russia ( 3677:N-Y3667 3660:Virginia 3618:Sweden ( 3595:N-Y6599 3589:Pärnumaa 3569:Kirklees 3549:Sweden ( 3535:Sweden ( 3525:Russia ( 3517:Läänemaa 3496:N-Y5003 3478:N-PH547 3422:N-Y5005 3358:Läänemaa 3322:N-Y7297 3308:Tartumaa 3289:Raplamaa 3274:Sweden ( 3266:N-Y7300 3263:N-Y5004 3241:Sweden ( 3233:N-L1022 3190:Latvia ( 3161:Russia ( 3126:Poland ( 3124:N-Y6075 3102:Valmiera 3098:Pärnumaa 3032:Latvia ( 3022:Latvia ( 3012:Latvia ( 2990:Russia ( 2964:Järvamaa 2919:N-Y4707 2911:Russia ( 2897:Sweden ( 2887:Poland ( 2873:Sweden ( 2854:N-Y4706 2815:Russia ( 2783:N-L551* 2770:Illinois 2742:Poland ( 2732:Poland ( 2730:N-Y6129 2626:Russia ( 2624:N-BY158 2607:N-Y5580 2597:Russia ( 2587:Sweden ( 2545:Sweden ( 2535:Russia ( 2528:Slovakia 2484:Russians 2468:Latvians 2440:Sweden ( 2421:Sweden ( 2419:N-F1983 2407:Sweden ( 2396:N-Y5611 2380:Sweden ( 2355:Sweden ( 2340:N-Y4339 2337:N-Y4338* 2334:N-Y4338 2326:Sweden ( 2321:N-Y4341 2309:Buskerud 2305:Vestfold 2301:Manitoba 2297:Scotland 2277:Norway ( 2246:Poland ( 2219:Sweden ( 2209:Sweden ( 2204:N-S9378 2188:Sweden ( 2178:Sweden ( 2165:Sweden ( 2148:Sweden ( 2131:Sweden ( 2121:Norway ( 2107:Sweden ( 2102:N-Y7795 2084:Sweden ( 2082:N-Y9454 2074:Sweden ( 2072:N-L550* 2059:Russia ( 2049:Russia ( 2036:Bashkirs 1988:Russians 1976:Nenetses 1964:Russians 1956:Latvians 1928:Jincheng 1924:Xianyang 1879:N-Z1956 1813:foragers 1777:Bukovina 1757:Istanbul 1701:Kharkov 1694:Karafet 1589:Nganasan 1508:, and a 1447:Tibetans 1405:Japanese 1348:Ancestor 1274:Buryatia 1270:Fofonovo 1259:Tłı̨chǫs 1236:Latvians 1206:Jokkmokk 1120:Dadianzi 817:Bukovina 793:Bashkirs 773:Altaians 697:Negidals 614:Beringia 608:and the 602:Holocene 558:and the 544:Cambodia 489:Japanese 441:Tibetans 422:- 19.5% 396:Altaians 384:Voronezh 380:Smolensk 376:Kostroma 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